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过度减肥的危害作文英语英文：Overly strict dieting can have serious consequences on our health. When we excessively restrict our food intake in order to lose weight quickly, we put our bodies at risk of malnutrition, dehydration, and other health issues. 。
One of the dangers of excessive dieting is the development of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. These disorders can have long-term effects on our physical and mental well-being. I have a friend who used to be obsessed with losing weight and would only eat a small salad for lunch and dinner every day. She eventually developed anorexia and had to seek professional help to recover. It was a difficult and painful journey for her, and it taught me the importance of maintaining a balanced and healthy diet.In addition to eating disorders, excessive dieting canalso lead to nutritional deficiencies. When we don't consume enough nutrients, our bodies can suffer from weakened immune systems, hair loss, and even organ damage.I remember a time when I tried a fad diet that severely restricted my calorie intake. I ended up feeling weak and fatigued all the time, and my hair started falling out. It was a wake-up call for me to stop the extreme dieting and focus on nourishing my body with the right foods.Furthermore, excessive dieting can also have negative effects on our metabolism. When we drastically reduce our calorie intake, our bodies go into starvation mode and slow down our metabolism to conserve energy. This can make it even harder to lose weight in the long run and can lead to a cycle of yo-yo dieting. I've seen many people around me fall into this trap, constantly gaining and losing weight due to their extreme dieting habits.中文：过度严格的节食会对我们的健康造成严重后果。
肥胖对健康的危害有哪些肥胖对健康的危害一方面它可以引起身心障碍，尤其对年轻人而言，生理外观的不美和生活的不便，使他们产生自卑、焦虑和抑郁等问题;而在行为上可引发气急、关节痛、浮肿、活动耐力降低等。
另一方面，它与诸多危及健康的疾病密切相关。
肥胖是导致第2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、高血压、胆结石和癌症的重要危险因素。
肥胖症会导致内分泌、代谢紊乱。
肥胖症患者的糖尿病发生率明显高于非肥胖者，发病率可增加10倍。
肥胖者恶性肿瘤发生率高，男性肥胖者结肠癌、直肠癌、前列腺癌高发，女性患者子宫内膜癌比正常妇女高2-3倍。
此外，肥胖还易使皮肤脆性增高，易发生皮炎、擦烂、并容易合并化脓性或真菌感染。
肥胖严重威胁健康，有人把肥胖、高血压、高血脂和高血糖称为“死亡四重奏〞。
骨关节炎的发病率也随着体重的增加而增长，这可能应归功于对关节造成的磨损加大的缘故。
在对痛风的影响方面，体重和尿酸水平的相关性也屡次得到证实。
如果肥胖症病症十清楚显，呼吸功能可能会受到影响，肺活量和肺能量下降。
睡眠呼吸暂停也会随着体重的增加而进一步恶化。
肥胖症会引发的疾病1、肥胖伴糖代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗肥胖可导致糖代谢异常并发生胰岛素抵抗。
肥胖与2型糖尿病的发病率有密切关系，40岁以上的糖尿病中70%～80%的人在患病之前已有肥胖症。
2、肥胖伴高脂血症肥胖常合并高脂血症、高血压、糖耐量异常等，并成为动脉硬化的主要原因。
最近，越来越多的研究认为肥胖者的脂肪分布，尤其内脏型肥胖与上述合并症明显相关。
3、肥胖伴高血压肥胖者高血压患病率高，肥胖是高血压的危险因子，高血压可致肥胖。
多数流行病学调查结果显示，肥胖者高血压的发生率高。
肥胖者循环血浆及心排出量增加，心率增快。
由于持续性交感神经兴奋性增高及钠重吸收，增加而引起高血压，进而引起末梢血管阻力增加而发生高血压性心脏肥大。
4、肥胖伴心脏肥大及缺血性心脏病肥胖常与高血压病、高脂血症以及糖耐量异常等疾病同时并存，而这些疾病又与动脉硬化性疾病的发生密切相关。
The most basic function of bodily fat is self-storage of food reserves. in prehistoric times, natural selection favored genotypes that could endure harsh conditions by stocking the most fat. with chronic malnutrition being the norm for most of human history, genetics evolved to favor fat storage.脂肪最基本的功能是食物储备的自我储存。
在史前时期，以保存大量的脂肪来忍耐恶劣环境的基因型在自然选择中胜出。
同时，因为慢性的营养不良普遍存在于大多数的人类历史中，遗传基因朝着脂肪储存方向进化。
So when did body fat becomes problematic? The negative impacts of being overweight were not even noted in medical literature until as late as the eighteenth century. then technological advances coupled with public health measures resulted in the betterment of the quantity,And variety of food. sustained abundance of good food enabled a healthier population to boom economically.output increased, and with it, leisure time and waste lines.那么，人体脂肪什么时候开始成为了问题呢？直到十八世纪，才在医学文献中发现超重的负面影响。
英语关于垃圾食品导致肥胖症的阅读理解文章① "junk food" is a kind of food with high energy content and relatively lack of other nutrients. In other words, they can only provide too much energy, and the word "junk" is used to remind people that these foods are not good for people to eat, so they should be eaten as little as possible. In fact, not much of the traditional Chinese diet is really "junk" food, while foreign fast food favored by many young consumers nowadays is mostly linked to "junk food". Fried chicken, French fries, chocolate shakes, bacon cheeseburgers, etc., are all high energy foods without exception.② The harm of "junk food" lies in "three high and three low", that is, high energy, high fat, high protein, low vitamin, low dietary fiber, low mineral elements. Among them, "three low" just means that they are not good for health, "three high" actually can bring harm to people. In particular, high fat, while providing delicious taste to food, greatly improves the energy density of food. Consumers will consume more calories if they eat the same amount of food. If the daily intake of calories are too high to burn off, thebiggest problem is obesity. More than a quarter of Adults in the United States are obese, according to a U.S. survey, and a significant portion of the problem is believed to be due to "junk food." Take a light manual worker for example, the daily energy needs is about 2100 kilocalories, and a piece of fried chicken can account for one-third of the calories. In addition, milkshakes and chocolate are not low in energy. If you eat a big burger, a shake, a bag of chips, and a large coke in one meal, you're probably consuming more energy than you need for the whole day. If there is no enough exercise, too much energy consumption can not be dropped, can only be transformed into fat embellishment at the waist and hip.③ In fact, western fast food is not a "flood beast", as many nutrition experts say, there is no perfect food, there is no good food, the key is how to eat. The disadvantage of this kind of fast food is that the energy content is very high, which is far beyond the standard for ordinary people, but it is a good food to supplement energy for people who consume a lot of energy in daily life. For example, Phelps, who picked eight gold MEDALS at the Beijing Olympic Games, has high intensity training and competition everyday, and its energy consumption is very amazing, so his diet must be based on high energy diet. To him, the fast food is no longer "junk food", but a treasure. Of course, the average of us will never reach Phelps' level of activity, and our daily energy requirements are limited. So before you dive into a fast food restaurant, think about whether you're getting enough exercise for your meal. However, there is no need to worry too much. The harmful effects of junk food can be greatly reduced by appropriately reducing the intake of other foods and increasing the amount of activity. Besides, it is also very fresh and interesting to try foreign food flavor, but don't eat it often.(1) What is so bad about junk food after reading this article(2) the article introduces the explanation of the junk food idea is: (1) __________ (2) the dangers of junk food (3) ___________, the article use the main propositions, such as __________ the description method.(3) Analyze the expression effect of the words "flood beast" in paragraph 3.（4）Junk food is affecting our life. Please write a propaganda message to give people a warm reminder.。
为了身体健康,很多人选择减肥,英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1In order to maintain good health, many people choose to lose weight. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of various health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Therefore, it is important to achieve and maintain a healthy weight in order to reduce the risk of these diseases.There are many different reasons why people choose to lose weight. Some may want to improve their appearance, while others may want to improve their overall health and well-being. Whatever the reason may be, losing weight requires dedication, determination, and a commitment to making healthy lifestyle changes.One of the most common ways people choose to lose weight is through diet and exercise. Eating a balanced diet that is low in fat and calories, and high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help people lose weight and improve their overallhealth. Regular exercise is also important for weight loss, as it helps to burn calories and increase metabolism.In addition to diet and exercise, there are other ways people can lose weight. Some may choose to take weight loss supplements or medications, while others may opt for surgical procedures such as gastric bypass surgery. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before trying any of these methods to ensure they are safe and effective.While losing weight can be challenging, it is important to remember that it is a journey and not a quick fix. It requires patience, persistence, and a positive attitude. By making small, sustainable changes to your lifestyle, you can achieve your weight loss goals and improve your overall health and well-being. Remember, the most important thing is to prioritize your health and well-being, and to make choices that will benefit you in the long run.篇2In order to maintain a healthy body, many people choose to lose weight. The reasons for this decision vary, but the ultimate goal is the same: to improve overall health and well-being. In thisarticle, we will explore the benefits of weight loss for health, as well as some effective strategies for achieving this goal.First and foremost, maintaining a healthy weight is essential for preventing a wide range of health issues. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. By losing weight and keeping it off, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing these serious conditions.Weight loss also has a positive impact on mental health. Many people who are overweight or obese experience lowself-esteem, depression, and anxiety. By shedding excess pounds, individuals can improve their self-confidence and overall mood, leading to a better quality of life.There are many effective strategies for losing weight and keeping it off. One of the most important factors is making healthy food choices. This includes eating a balanced diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. It is also important to limit the consumption of sugary drinks, processed foods, and high-fat snacks.In addition to diet, regular physical activity is essential for weight loss. Engaging in regular exercise not only burns calories but also helps to build muscle, increase metabolism, andimprove overall fitness. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming.It is also important to set realistic goals for weight loss and track your progress. Start by setting small, achievable goals, such as losing 5-10% of your current body weight. Keep track of your food intake, exercise routine, and weight loss progress to stay motivated and on track.In conclusion, losing weight is a key component of maintaining a healthy body. By shedding excess pounds through healthy eating and regular exercise, individuals can lower their risk of chronic diseases, improve their mental health, and enhance their overall quality of life. Remember to set realistic goals, stay consistent, and seek support from friends, family, or a healthcare professional if needed. Your body will thank you for it in the long run.篇3In order to maintain a healthy lifestyle, many people choose to lose weight. Obesity has become a major concern in tod ay’s society, and the importance of maintaining a healthy weight cannot be understated. There are numerous reasons why peopledecide to embark on a weight loss journey, ranging from health concerns to personal reasons.One of the main motivations for losing weight is to improve overall health. Being overweight or obese can lead to a variety of health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. By shedding excess pounds, individuals can reduce their risk of developing these serious conditions and improve their overall quality of life.Another common reason for wanting to lose weight is to boost self-confidence. Society often places a great deal of emphasis on physical appearance, and many people feel insecure about their bodies. Losing weight can help individuals feel more confident and comfortable in their own skin, leading to a greater sense of self-esteem and self-worth.Furthermore, losing weight can also improve one’s physical fitness and energy levels. Carrying around excess weight can be physically exhausting, making it difficult to participate in regular physical activity. By slimming down, individuals can increase their endurance, strength, and stamina, allowing them to lead a more active and fulfilling lifestyle.In addition to the physical benefits, losing weight can also have a positive impact on one’s mental health. Many peoplestruggle with body image issues and feelings of insecurity related to their weight. By achieving their weight loss goals, individuals can feel a sense of accomplishment and pride, leading to an improved mood and greater overall happiness.However, it is important to approach weight loss in a healthy and sustainable manner. Crash diets and extreme exercise regimens are not only ineffective in the long run but can also be harmful to one’s health. Instead, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and a positive mindset are key components of a successful weight loss journey.Ultimately, losing weight is a personal decision that should be made for the right reasons and with a focus on overall health and well-being. By taking steps to improve their physical and mental health, individuals can achieve their weight loss goals and lead a happier, healthier life.。
吃垃圾食品不喜欢运动导致体重超重英语作文English:Eating junk food and not enjoying exercise can lead to being overweight. Junk food is typically high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and calories, which can easily contribute to weight gain when consumedin excess. Additionally, a lack of exercise means that the body does not burn off these extra calories, leading to a surplus of energy that gets stored as fat. Over time, this can result in an increased body weight and a higher risk of health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular issues, and diabetes. The combination of consuming unhealthy foods and not engaging in physical activity creates a cycle where weight gain becomes more likely, making it challenging to maintain a healthy weight.中文翻译:吃垃圾食品并不喜欢运动会导致超重。
垃圾食品通常含有大量不健康的脂肪、糖和卡路里，当摄入过多时很容易导致体重增加。
此外，缺乏运动意味着身体无法消耗这些额外的卡路里，导致能量过剩被储存为脂肪。
Modern children are suffering from the diseases that were once considered to be meant for adults only. Obesity is a major disease prevalent among children. What are its causes and what solutions can be offered？What is your view? Discuss. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. You should write at least 250 words.Sample Answer 1:In this modern era, children, unfortunately, endure some ailments that they are known as adults aches such as overweight. There are various reasons behind it. This illness originatesfrom diet, sedentary lifestyle and genetics. I personally believe that three critical reasons of unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle and genetics considerably contribute to the development of such diseases in teenagers.The first cause of obesity is fatty food. Todays, most of the children are interested in junk food and fizzy drinks like sandwiches, chips and coke. These kinds of foods are not nutritious. Furthermore, a huge number of parents buy fast food for their children instead of preparing calorie-rich food at home. This issue can be solved by purchasing food from traditionalrestaurants (that they cook local foods), banning junk foods and advertising healthy foods in mass media, schools and textbooks.The second reason for obesity is an inactive lifestyle. The use of technological devices has gradually risen among children. They spend most of the time watching TV or playing video games on a computer, so the progress of these tools has led to declining the physical activities. This obstacle can be resolved by paying attention to bodily activities in schools and encouraging children to participating in sporting events. Moreover, parents can restrict playingvideo games on weekdays. In addition to this, the government can compel mass communication to advertise physical exercises.The third factor of obesity is genetics. Although genetics play a significant role in obesity of children, we cannot change or fortify our genetics. But human beings especially parents must visit genetics experts or do genetics tests before their child is born.In conclusion, obesity derives from several considerable components like foods, sedentary lifestyle and genetics. Any type of theseelements demands effective solutions in order to cure this organic disorder.Sample Answer 2:Over the last few decades, some countries have reported an overall increase in the average weight of people with more percentage in children and adolescents. It was earlier thought to be a disease of developed countries such as UK, US and other European countries but now the similar trend is also seen in some of the developing countries like India, China and other Asian countries.The foremost reason of the problem lies in the food habits. Traditional and local diet were quite balanced and used to provide an appropriate amount of calories, Minerals and fibres in the diet. Now due to globalisation and influence of media have changed the way we eat. Ready to cook meals are good to taste and can be easily prepared in no time. However, they contain preservatives and lack the freshness of homemade food. Fresh leafy vegetables and fruits have virtually disappeared from our plates.Many peopl e in today’s world are physically inactive and live a sedentary life. Earlier, a lot ofemphases was given on outdoor activities and games as football, cricket, and also working in farms. There were plenty of playgrounds available for sporting activities. Nowadays, most of the children are glued to TV, the Internet for watching TV shows and playing games. As we progress in the field of technology more, we have become lazy, inactive and sedentary. This lack of physical activity and changed eating habits, both have contributed to increase in the incidence of obesity all around the world.To tackle this problem is of utmost importance and needs definite action. Parents are the key tosolving this issue. Promoting good eating habits and preparing balanced diet is essential. It is also a time to stop junk food. Educating children about benefits of playing outdoor games and then restoring a balance between calorie consumption and energy expenditure is the ultimate solution.Sample Answer 3:Obesity among children has dramatically increased over the last few years in developing countries. This is an alarming situation, which should be controlled at its earliest. It is a mutual responsibility of both individual and governmentto identify the reasons of this vulnerable disease and offer solutions to rectify it.Nowadays, the trend of hotel going has drastically increased. Peoples do not like to cook at home. Children have become addicted to junk foods such as burger, pizza, grilled chicken etc. One of the reasons is that both parents are working simultaneously that is why they have less time to cook at home.Furthermore, rise in technological development steadily eliminate the concept of physical routine works from our lives. Children more opt towards computer games, mobiles and gadgets thanplaying any sports or doing exercises. Lack of these activities is the primary reason for obesity.In order to control this problem, physical education should be mandatory at the school level. Each individual is required participate in any sports activity on daily basis for thirty to forty minutes. This will definitely improve their health and mind.Apart from that, parents should encourage their children for playing their favourite sports. In addition to this, they should be served with fruits and vegetables which are the healthy source of vitamins and irons.In conclusion, I would like to say that obesity could be controlled by changing our lifestyle and eating habits. Parent's attention and care could contribute a lot in this regards. The role of government cannot be neglected while addressing this issue.。
肥胖对人体健康有哪些危害在当今社会，随着生活水平的提高和生活方式的改变，肥胖已经成为一个日益严重的健康问题。
很多人可能没有意识到，肥胖不仅仅是身材走样的问题，更会对我们的身体健康造成诸多严重的危害。
首先，肥胖会给心血管系统带来巨大的压力。
心脏就如同一个水泵，需要不断地将血液输送到全身各个部位。
当体重增加时，心脏需要更加努力地工作，才能满足身体的血液供应需求。
这就如同让一辆小货车超载运输，久而久之，心脏会变得疲惫不堪，容易引发高血压、冠心病等心血管疾病。
高血压会使血管长期处于紧张状态，增加血管破裂和中风的风险。
而冠心病则是由于冠状动脉粥样硬化，导致心肌供血不足，严重时可能会引发心肌梗死，危及生命。
其次，肥胖与糖尿病之间有着密切的关联。
胰岛素是人体内调节血糖的重要激素，当身体过于肥胖时，细胞对胰岛素的敏感性会降低，也就是常说的胰岛素抵抗。
为了维持血糖的正常水平，胰岛β细胞不得不拼命分泌更多的胰岛素。
长期如此，胰岛β细胞功能会逐渐衰竭，最终导致糖尿病的发生。
糖尿病可不是一个简单的疾病，它会引发一系列并发症，如糖尿病肾病、糖尿病视网膜病变、糖尿病足等，给患者的生活带来极大的痛苦和不便。
再者，肥胖还会对呼吸系统造成不良影响。
过多的脂肪堆积在胸部和腹部，会限制肺部的扩张和收缩，导致肺活量减少，呼吸功能下降。
这使得肥胖者在进行一些轻微的体力活动时，就可能会感到气喘吁吁。
严重的情况下，还可能会引发睡眠呼吸暂停综合征，患者在睡眠中会出现呼吸暂停的现象，这不仅会影响睡眠质量，还会导致大脑缺氧，增加心脑血管疾病的发病风险。
除了上述几个方面，肥胖对于关节的损害也不容忽视。
我们的关节就像机器的零部件，有一定的承受限度。
过重的体重会给关节带来额外的压力，尤其是膝关节、髋关节等承重关节。
长期的过度负重会加速关节软骨的磨损，导致关节炎的发生。
关节炎会引起关节疼痛、肿胀、僵硬，严重影响患者的行动能力，使日常生活变得困难重重。
另外，肥胖还会影响消化系统的正常功能。
久坐不动对身体的危害英语作文英文回答：Prolonged sedentary behavior has become a growing concern in modern society, contributing to various health risks and compromising overall well-being. Extensive research has established a strong link between excessive sitting and a range of adverse health effects, highlighting the importance of adopting more active lifestyles.One of the primary consequences of prolonged sitting is its negative impact on cardiovascular health. Studies have shown that individuals who spend extended periods sitting have a higher risk of developing heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Sedentary behavior reduces blood flow throughout the body, including to vital organs such as the heart and brain. This can lead to the accumulation of plaque in arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular events.Excessive sitting can also contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly back pain and neck pain. When individuals remain in the same seated position for extended amounts of time, it putsstrain on their muscles and tendons, leading to discomfort and pain. Poor posture, often associated with prolonged sitting, can exacerbate these issues.Moreover, prolonged sedentary behavior has been linked to an increased risk of metabolic disorders, including obesity and fatty liver disease. Sitting for long periods of time decreases energy expenditure, making it easier to accumulate excess weight. Additionally, sedentary behavior can disrupt the body's hormonal balance, leading to insulin resistance and increased glucose levels in the blood.In addition to these physical health risks, prolonged sitting has also been associated with negative mental health outcomes. Studies have shown that individuals who spend excessive amounts of time sitting have a higher risk of experiencing anxiety, depression, and low mood. Sedentary behavior can lead to feelings of isolation andboredom, which can negatively impact mental well-being.Recognizing the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting, it is essential to take steps to reduce sedentary behavior and promote more active lifestyles. This can be achieved through simple lifestyle changes, such as:Standing or walking around for a few minutes every hour.Taking frequent breaks from sitting, especially during long tasks.Incorporating regular exercise into your routine.Using a standing desk or treadmill desk.Choosing active modes of transportation, such as walking or cycling.By adopting these strategies, individuals can mitigate the health risks associated with prolonged sitting andimprove their overall well-being.中文回答：久坐不动，带来的危害不容小觑。
在学生中的obesity文章
肥胖是当今社会中一个重要的健康问题，尤其是在学生中更加严重。
根据世界卫生组织的报告，有超过42%的孩子和青少年患有超重问题，这个比例在不断增长。
肥胖对学生的健康和发展产生了严重的负面影响，这是一个需要重视和有效解决的问题。
肥胖对学生有很多不利影响。
首先，肥胖会影响学生的精力，容易疲劳和缺乏活力，从而影响学习效率和注意力。
其次，肥胖还会影响学生的身体健康，容易发生心血管疾病、糖尿病、高血压等，同时也容易发生精神健康问题，比如抑郁、焦虑等。
此外，肥胖会影响学生的社会活动，让他们失去了团队合作的信心，也减少了与他人的互动，这不利于其学习发展。
学生肥胖的原因有很多。
首先是饮食不良，学生容易暴饮暴食，过度摄入脂肪和糖，或者完全吃错食物。
其次，运动不足也是一个重要原因。
现在的学生花费的时间越来越少，而且他们宁可在室内打游戏或者用电脑上网，而不愿意外出运动锻炼。
此外，学生的情绪也会影响他们的饮食习惯，他们在焦虑、抑郁或紧张的情况下更有可能暴饮暴食。
要有效解决学生肥胖问题，需要立即采取有效措施。
首先，家长应该仔细监督孩子的饮食习惯，应鼓励孩子健康饮食，坚持每天定量吃水果蔬菜，并限制甜食、脂肪等摄入，减少垃圾食品的摄入。
其次，要鼓励孩子多参加体育活动，增强体能。
家长也可以带孩子参加旅行或徒步旅行，增强体质，同时做一些有趣的活动，减轻学生的心理压
力，促进他们的健康发展。
总之，应加强教育，使学生注重饮食和健康的生活，以此预防学生肥胖的发生。
Causes And Effects of Obesity Among The Young in ChinaNowadays,obesity has been common among youngers in China.Many people are annoyed with obesity,making them usually feel unhappy and self-abased in daily life.Actually,I think there are many reasons for obesity.First,many youngers especially junior-senior high school and college students are lack of exercise.These students in junior-senior high schools because of heavily study pressure usually sit on seat and they hardly have opportunities to do some outdoor activities. At the same time,although college students have much free time,most of them dislike exercise,such as running and they prefer to play games or phones.Second,what is also worth mentioning is that some school canteens cook greasy food,which are rich in fat so that it’s easy to get fat in school.In addition,lots of parents spoil their children and allow them eat unhealthy food just like junk food and snacks making students overweighted.Some students have a habit of eating and drinking too much, which is also an important reason for obesity. Eating too much is easy to be fat in a short time. Some people do not develop good eating habits, do not eat fruit and vegetables often.They prefer meat and snacks. It's easy to get fat, too.Obesity has a lot of bad effects. First of all, obesity is easy to make people suffer from high blood pressure, heart disease and other diseases. Obese teenagers are not good at physical fitness and they are often not good at exercise. In addition, because obesity can affect a person's appearance and shape, obese people are easily abased or unconfident about themselves. They often feel uncomfortable or crowded out by other students. In addition, many students use extreme methods to lose weight, such as diet pills or dieting. They often not only fail to succeed, but also they bring many bad effect on their own bodies.Because obesity is becoming more and more common among young people, society、parents and adolescents themselves should pay attention to it. Have a good rest and eat habit to cultivate a good body. Even during the busy school, obese people can't forget to exercise. Losing weight should not rely on diet drugs and dieting, but should choose a healthier way. For example, Running and skipping in their spare time. In addition, eat less sweet food and drink less drinks. People who are obese should not feel inferiority, but they should face life with an optimistic and positive attitude.In short, obesity has become a common phenomenon among young people in China. Obese people should maintain a positive attitude and exercise, so that they can gain more confidence and happiness.欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。
高中英语主题阅读16-ObesityA.B.C.D.（1） ck of related patients.ck of genetic evidence.ck of research funding.ck of needed standards.（2） A.（3）1.The term "healthy obesity " has gained value over the past 15 years, but scientists have recently questioned its very existence. "Our new findings suggest that health measures may be necessary for all obese （肥胖的）individuals, even those previously considered to be metabolically （代谢的）healthy, "says study first author Mikael, "Since obesity is the major driver changing gene expression in fat cells, we should continue to focus on preventing obesity."Obesity has been a global problem, affecting approximately 600 million people worldwide and increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer, and so on. But in the 1970s and 80s, experts began to question the extent to which obesity increases the risk for these disorders. Later studies in the late 90s and early 2000s showed that some obese people show a relatively healthy life.However, there are no accepted measures for measuring metabolically healthy obesity, and whether or not such a thing exists is now up for discussion. "Our study suggests that the idea of metabolically healthy obesity may be more difficult than thought, " Mikael says, "There doesn't appear to be a clear line that separates obese subjects with high or low insulin （胰岛素）sensitivity, indicating that obesity is the major driver explaining the changes in gene expression."One limitation of the study is that it examined gene expression only in white fat cells, not other types. Moreover, all of the obese subjects were scheduled to experience obesity operations, so the findings may only apply to people with severe obesity. In future research, Mikael and his group will track the study patients after surgery to determine whether weight loss normalizes gene expression responses. They will also look for specific genes linked to improved metabolic health in these people.In the meantime, the study has an important take-home message. "Obese people may not be as metabolically healthy as previously believed, " Ryden says.What does the underlined phrase "healthy obesity" mean?It can be healthy with obesity.Obesity is necessary to be healthy.Unhealthy people have no obesity.Health has something to do with obesity.What leads to healthy obesity failing to prove true?What advice can readers get from the passage?People should have a healthy lifestyle.pare, analyze and conclude.B.Show, appreciate, and persuade.C.Introduce, argue and advertise.D.Present, inform and inspire.（4）People should accept obesity in a way.People should keep a balanced weight.People should avoid obesity operations.Which can best describe the author's intention in writing the passage?A.B.C.D.（1） A.To reduce the tax. B.To limit intake of sugar.（2）2.It is believed that around half the US adult population will be obese （肥胖的） by 2030, while one in four will fall into the severely obese category. This is according to a new study led by the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, which found that levels of obesity are increasing in every state. Indeed, the predictions show that levels of severe obesity could be higher than 25percent in half of states."Especially striking was our finding that among adults with very low income （less than ＄20,000 per year ）, severe obesity is predicted to be the most common in 44 states—almost everywhere in the US, " a researcher said.The research was carried out to inform state policymakers—and perhaps help change the tendency. The study authors say the best form of attack is prevention. Limiting intake of sugar is stressed as one of the most effective and cost-effective methods for reducing obesity levels, and a tax likely to save more money than it costs.Sugar （and the sugar industry ）has come under fire for its role in promoting obesity. Indeed,one recent study published in September 2019 puts responsibility for today's obesity epidemic （流行病） firmly on the shoulders of sugar, concluding high-sugar diets during childhood in the seventies and eighties could be behind the rise."We knew from previous work that obesity is increasing in the US, and that some states and demographic groups （人群） are at higher risk, but we were surprised that even the states with the lowest obesity will be above 35 percent in 2030—a level currently considered high, " a researcher told Newsweek. "What is clear is that we will not be able to treat our way out of this epidemic—achieving and keeping weight loss is difficult—so prevention efforts will be key to making progress in this area."What's the most surprising finding in the study?Over 25% of people will be seriously obese.Levels of obesity are increasing in every state.Poor adults are more likely to be severely obese.Half of the US adults will be overweight by 2030.What is the best way to solve the problem according to the passage?C.To reduce obesity level.D.To inform policymakers.A.Blame from researchers.B.Rapid chemical change.C.Current obesity epidemic.D.High-sugar diets.（3） A.B.C.D.（4）What does the underlined word "fire" actually refer to in Paragraph 4?What's the main idea of the last two paragraphs?Obesity is increasing everywhere in the US.All states in America are at the same level of obesity.Maintaining weight loss is a good way to deal with obesity.Diets with less sugar are vital to preventing the problem of obesity.A.B.C.（1）3.The World Health Organization says the widespread use of sugar in food products and drinks is a major concern in many areas. So WHO officials are calling on governments to require taxes on sugary drinks in an effort to limit their usage and popularity. The officials believe the taxes also would reduce the risk of health problems resulting from obesity.Obesity is a condition in which the body stores large, unhealthy amounts of fat. Obese individuals are considered overweight. A new report says that in 2014 more than one-third of the adults in the world were overweight, and 500 million were considered obese. The United Nations agency estimates that in 2015, 42 million children under age 5 were either overweight or obese. It says that number represents an increase of about 11 million during the past 15 years. Almost half of these boys and girls live in Asia and one-fourth in Africa.The U.N. agency blames unhealthy diets for a rise in diabetes cases. There are 422 million cases of the disease worldwide. WHO says 1.5 million people die from it every year. It says the use of sugar in food products, like sugary drinks, is a major reason for the increase in rates of obesity and diabetes.Temo Waqanivalu is with the agency's Department for the Prevention on Non-Communicable Diseases. He told VOA hat taxing sugary drinks would reduce consumption and save lives.Waganivalu noted that Mexico enacted a 10 percent tax on sugary drinks in 2014. He said by the end of the year, there was a 6 percent drop in the consumption of such drinks. Among poor people,the number of people who consumed sugary drinks dropped by 17 percent.The WHO says people should limit the amount of sugar they consume. It says they should keep their sugar intake to below 10 percent of their total energy needs, and reduce it to less than 5percent for improved health.Why are taxes on sugary drinks required?To limit their use and popularity.To readjust the economic structure.To warn people to change their life style.D.A.B.C.D.（2） A.Abolish B.Pass C.Promise D.Reduce（3） A.B.C.D.（4）To ensure the market's diverse development.What do the figures in the second paragraph suggest?Adult obesity is ignored at present.Obesity is a severe worldwide problem.Obesity can block economic development.Obesity is most serious in developed countries.What does the underlined word "enacted" mean in the passage?What does the example of Mexico prove?Tax policies are unfair to the poor.Sugary drinks are a threat to health.The poor consume more sugary drinks.Taxing sugary drinks makes a difference.A.（1）4.Preventing obesity and smoking can save lives, but it doesn't save money, reported researchers. "It was a small surprise, for it is against the common belief, " said Pieter Van Baal,who led the study. "But it makes sense. If you live longer, then you cost the health system more."The researchers found that from age 20 to 56, obese people racked up （累计） the most expensive health costs. But on average, healthy people lived 84 years. Smokers lived about 77years, and obese people lived about 80 years. Smokers and obese people tended to have more heart disease than healthy people. Therefore in the long run, the thin and healthy group cost about ＄417, 000, from age 20 on. Smokers cost about ＄326, 000 and obese people ＄371, 000."The result throws a bucket of cold water onto the idea, based on guesswork, that obesity is going to cost trillions of dollars, " said Patrick Basham, a professor of health politics. "If we're going to worry about the future of obesity, we should stop worrying about its financial impact, " he said."The benefits of obesity prevention may not be seen immediately in terms of cost saving in tomorrow's budget, but there are long-term gains, " said Van Baal. "These are often immeasurable when it comes to people living longer and healthier lives." In the meanwhile, he said that governments should recognize that successful smoking and obesity prevention programs mean that people will have a longer chance of dying of something more expensive later in life."Lung cancer is a cheap disease to treat because people don't survive very long. But if they are old enough to get Alzheimer's （早老性痴呆症） one day, they may survive longer and cost more. We are not advising that governments stop trying to prevent obesity, " Van Baal said. "But they should do it for the right reasons."Among middle-aged people, who may cost the health system most?Those who are heavy smokers.B.C.D.A.It turns out to be incorrect.B.It comes from scientific study.C.It is based on medical evidence.D.It has changed over the past years.（2） A.B.C.D.（3）Those who are overweight.Those who are too thin.Those who are suffering from heart attacks.What can we know about the belief that obesity costs much?According to the text, governments prevent obesity for the purpose of .reducing the risks of suffering cancerweakening obesity's financial impactmaking sure of people's long and healthy lifereducing the money spent on medical programsA.（1）5.Living closer to open fields and trees reduces your risk of being obese （肥胖）, research suggests and the benefits can be seen even in poor neighborhoods where risks of both obesity and poor mental health are known to be much higher. The new study, supported by Friends of the Earth Europe （FoE ）, also showed that the great outdoors had benefits for pregnant women.Those living close to trees and open fields, considered a "natural healers" by the researchers at the Institute for European environmental policy, gave birth to children of much healthier sizes.It is believed that the increased opportunity to be active and breathing in less air pollution may explain the reduced death rates and obesity prevention. After reviewing hundreds of previous studies, scientists say it can even reduce the chance of an early death by 16per cent compared to those living in an "urban jungle". The green spaces also reduced depression （抑郁）by allowing for people to meet others more easily and get away from busy and noisy activities of a city, experts state.Robbie Blake, a campaigner for FoE, told The Guardian: "The evidence is strong and growing that people and communities can be energetic and lively when they have access to nature."We all need nature in our lives and it gives us freedom and helps us live healthily ；yet poor communities are routinely cut off from nature in their surroundings and it is holding back their wellbeing."The findings back up much evidence that shows setting up a home in a heavily-polluted city can be damaging to someone's health. After studying the well — being of nearly 110, 000 women,they found living in cities also increased the risk of cancer and respiratory （呼吸）illnesses. Those in the greenest areas had a 34 per cent lower rate of respiratory disease — related deaths and a 13 per cent lower rate of cancer deaths.What can we know about obesity from Paragraph 1?The outdoors can prevent obesity.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.（2） A.Pregnant women.B.Patients with respiratory illnesses.C.Ordinary people.D.People living in poor communities.（3） A.Ways of living in the countrysideB.Living in healthy neighborhoodsC.Countryside, the greenest areaD.Access to nature （4）Obesity can cause mental trouble.Urban mothers can have obese babies.Pregnant women can get obese easily.What is the social benefit of living in the countryside?Having more freedom to rest.Meeting other people more conveniently.Breathing healthier air.Keeping more wealth and happiness.What does the underlined word "We" in Paragraph 4 refer to?What is the best title for the text?（1）6.The analysis in The Lancet looks at obesity （肥胖） trends in over 200 countries. In the UK,one in every 10 young people aged 5 to 19, is obese. Obese children are likely to become obese adults, putting them at risk of serious health problems, say experts. Researchers believe wide availability of cheap, fattening food is one of the main drivers.Although child obesity rates appear to be stabilizing in many high-income European countries,including the UK, they are accelerating at an alarming rate in many other parts of the world. The largest increase in the number of obese children has been in East Asia. China and India have seen rates"balloon" in recent years. Polynesia and Micronesia have the highest rate of all-around half of the young population in these countries is overweight or obese.The researchers say that if current world trends continue, "obese" will soon be more common than"underweight". "We have not become more weak-willed, lazy or greedy. The reality is that the world around us is changing. "Dr Fiona Bull from the World Health Organization suggested tough measures to prevent"calorie-rich, nutrient-poor food" and encourage more physical activity. " But so far, just over 20 countries around the world have introduced a tax on sugary drinks, " she said.Dr Alison Tedstone, chief nutritionist （营养学家） at Public Health England, said, "Our sugar reduction programme and the government's sugar tax are world-leading, but this is just the beginning of a long journey to meet the challenge of a generation. The evidence is clear that just telling people what to do won't work. While education and information are important, deeper actions are needed to help us lower calorie consumption and achieve healthier diets. "What mainly contributes to child obesity according to the researchers?A.B.C.D.A.Alarming. B.Steady. C.Slow. D.Ballooning.（2） A.It is world-leading.B.It is not effective enough.C.It needs to be promoted further.D.It should be made to be less tougher.（3） A.B.C.D.（4）Children don't take enough physical exercise.Children are driven to consume cheap diets.Children become more weak-willed and greedy.Children can reach cheap and fattening food more easily.How can we describe child obesity rates in France?What may Dr Fiona Bull think of the sugar tax?What can be inferred from the last paragraph?England is the first to tax sugary drinks.Solving the problem of child obesity is a hard nut.Education plays a small role in controlling child obesity.People should be told about the danger of being overweight.7.Your New Year's plan to move more is one of the toughest resolutions to stick to, and a group of scientists working with obese （过度肥胖的）mice think they're starting to understand why.Rather than our sedentary （久坐的）lives causing weight gain, says Alexxai Kraviz, the National Institutes of Health neuroscientist who led the study, changes in brain chemistry after we start gaining weight affect our capacity to move."Obses mice can move just fine, " days Kravitz, who published the work with his team in Cell Metabolism "They just don't."What Kravitz's team found is that the activity of a particular dopamine （多巴胺）receptor linked to movement goes down as mice gain weight on a high-fat diet. So the mice slow down and they move less. And when the researchers restored the activity of that dopamine receptor—DR2—the mice started moving more, even though they were still obese. The team also saw that lean mice missing the DR2 receptor acted like obese mice. This is the target, says Kravitz—restoring that dopamine receptor function. "Maybe 20 or 30 years down the road, we could do that in people," he says.And there is one more thing: The scientists fed normal mice and the mice lacking DR2 the same high-fat diet. Both sets of mice gained weight at the same rate.Kravitz says this is important because mice lacking DR2 move less from the get—go, whereas a normal mouse takes a little time to start seeing that dopamine receptor—related loss of exercise.The ability to exercise seems to be disconnected from weight gain, he says."Exercise is a healthy thing to do, but its impact on weight loss has been exaggerated, " he says. "We have to be realistic about the size of the effect of exercise on weight, as opposed toA.B.C.D.（1） A.B.C.D.（2） A.exercised B.assessed C.established D.overstressed（3） A.B.C.D.（4）health benefits."Still, before you abandon your New Year's exercise plan, keep in mind that this study was done using a high-fat diet, and not the normal calorie restriction that people maintain when they diet.That's a big drawback to the work, says Vicki Vieira-Potter, a University of Missouri physiologist not involved in the study."They feed the mice with high-fat diet, it damages the receptor, and that decreases activity.Those who plan to lost weight should remember high-fat diet is a nice way to cause obesity in the lab, but it's not the same as the normal situation of obesity, " she sys.Sine also says that a lot of the weight gain in the mice came after they stopped moving around, which indicates that the loss of movement did impact obesity.Alexxai Kravitz is likely to agree that .high-fat food leads to the lack of DR2less movement results from weight gainthe lack of DR2 results in less movementweight gain leads to the inactivity of DR2.What can we infer from the research mentioned in the passage?High-fat diet is bound to cause obesity.The research team aim to deal with human obesityHigh-fat diet has little influence on the rate of weight gainObese mice's ability to move is affected by the inactivity of DR2The underlined word "exaggerated" in Paragraph 7 can be replaced by " "According to Vicki Vieira-Potter, .besides diet, other factors behind obesity shouldn't be ignoredthe total loss of movement can do harm to the function of DR2Alexxai Kravitz's team misread the results of the researchobesity is mainly caused by high-fat diet people take8.English teenagers are to receive compulsory （必修的） cooking lessons in schools. The idea is to encourage healthy eating to solve the problem that many people are overweight. Also, it worries people that basic cooking and food preparation skills are being lost because parents use too much pre-prepared fast food.Cooking was once regarded as an important part of education in England-even if it was mainly for girls. In recent years cooking has become less important in schools. But the rising level ofA.the reason for obesityB.the lost cooking skillsC.the healthy eatingD.the cooking classes（1） A.B.C.D.（2） A.B.C.D.（3） A.continuedB.stoppedC.discussedD.kept （4）obesity has led to rethink about the food that children are given and the skills they should be taught."What we want is to teach young people how to do basic, simple meals, which they can use now at home and then in their life, " said Ed Balls, an education expert.The new lessons will start in September, but some schools without kitchens will be given a longer time to prepare. Also, there may be a shortage of teachers with the right skills, since schools have been teaching food technology rather than practical cooking. Besides, the lessons for hand-on cooking will only be one hour a week for one term. But the well-known cookery writer, Pru Leith,believe it will be worth it."If we'd done this thirty years ago we might not have to face the problem about obesity and lack of knowledge about food and so on. Every child should know how to cook, not just so that they'll be healthy, but because it's a life skill which is a real pleasure."The renewed interest in cooking is an effort to reduce the obesity rate, which is almost the highest in Europe, and according to the government, half of all British people will be obese in 25years if present trends are not halted .The passage mainly talks about .Which of the following is NOT the aim of bringing back cooking lessons in Britain?To encourage teenagers to eat healthy food.To reduce the country's increasing obesity rate.To stop parents from turning to pre-prepared fast food.To prevent basic cooking and food preparation skills from being lost.How will cooking lessons do good to the students?All of them will become good cooks in their later life.Students will be healthy and enjoy the pleasure of such a life skill as well.Students will be able to make food experiments with the knowledge and skills.Students will be able to control the level of obesity in the whole country.The underlined word "halted" in the last paragraph probably means " ".9.Heavier people are more likely to be killed or seriously injured in car accidents than lighter people, according to new research.That could mean car designers will have to build in new safety features to compensate for the extra hazards facing overweight passengers. In the US, car manufacturers have already had toA.Because of the air bagB.Because of drunk drivingC.Because of the safety beltD.The reasons is not clearly known yet（1）（2）redesign air bags so they inflate to lower pressures, making them less of a danger to smaller women and children. But no one yet knows what it is that puts overweight passengers at extra risk.A study carried out in Seattle, Washington, looked at more than 26, 000 people who had been involved in car crashes, and found that heavier people were at far more risk. People weighing between 100 and 119 kilograms are almost two-and-a-half times as likely to die in a crash as people weighing less than 60 kilograms.And importantly, the same trend held up when the researchers looked at body mass index （BMI ） – a measure that takes height as well as weight into account. Someone 1.8 metres tall weighing 126 kilograms would have a BMI of 39, but so would a person 1.5 metres tall weighing 88kilograms. People are said to be obese if their BMI is 30 or over.The study found that people with a BMI of 35 to 39 are over twice as likely to die in a crash compared with people with BMIs of about 20. It is not just total weight, but obesity itself that's dangerous.While they do not yet know why this is the case, the evidence is worth pursuing, says Charles Mock, a surgeon and epidemiologist at the Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center in Seattle, who led the research team. He thinks one answer may be for safety authorities to use heavier crash-test dummies （假人） when certifying cars as safe to drive.Crash tests normally use dummies that represent standard-sized males weighing about 78kilograms. Recently, smaller crash-test dummies have also been used to represent children inside crashing cars. But larger and heavier dummies are not used.The reasons for the higher injury and death rates are far from clear. Mock speculates that car interiors might not be suitably designed for heavy people. Or obese people, with health problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes, could be finding it tougher to recover from injury.Richard Kent, an expert in impact biomechanics at the University of Virginia, thinks the new research has established a legitimate connection between obesity and severe injury or death.Because the research used BMI data, it has not confused taller （and therefore heavier than average ） people with those who are overweight.People who are obese might also be at risk because seat belts do not hold them as securely in a crash. "For example, a large amount of fat tissue between the restraint system and the bony thorax acts much like a winter coat: it introduces "slack" into the restraint system and decreases its performance, " Kent says.Why do heavy people get injured or killed more easily in traffic accidentWho is the most likely to get killed in a car accident?A.A man who weighs 60 kilograms.B.A man who weighs 50 kilograms.C.A man whose BMI is 35.D.A man whose BMI is 20.A.confusingB.reasonableC.interestingwful（3） A.Obesity and risk in drivingB.Heavy people and light peopleC.Obesity and safety beltsD.Obesity and its reasons （4）The underlined word "legitimate" in the last paragraph but one means .What is the main idea of the passage?10.Have you been noticing you're not quite as satisfied as you used to be after a big meal?According to a new study, your sleeping habits may be to blame for feeling hungry more frequently.Researchers at Penn State University say not getting enough sleep for just a few days can change how one's metabolism （新陈代谢） operates and cause us to feel less full after eating.From an evolutionary perspective, a lack of sleep signals to our bodies that we're dealing with some type of problem （predators, unsafe environment, etc.）. In response, our metabolism slows,encouraging us to eat more than we really need so we have additional energy to cope with said problem."While this was a good mechanism in evolutionary terms, to store energy for tough times, it's not so good in today's developed world where we are relatively inactive and calorie-dense foods are easy to come by cheaply and without physical effort, " explains professor Orfeu Buxton, a senior author on the study, in a release.In the past, Buxton had led additional research linking sleep loss to increased risk of obesity,but those studies focused on glucose （葡萄糖） metabolism. This study, on the other hand, is among the first to hone in on lipid （类脂） digestion from food.For the study, 15 healthy men in their 20s spent 10 nights getting plenty of sleep from the comfort of their homes. Then, each participant spent 10 nights sleeping in the researchers' "sleep lab". During four consecutive （连续的） nights spent in the lab, participants only slept for five hours. Each man was also fed a high fat, high calorie diet of pasta and chili while staying in the lab."Most of the participants reported they felt less satisfied after eating the same meal while sleep-deprived, than when they had eaten it well-rested, " comments Kelly Ness, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Washington. Ness ran the experiment while she was a graduate student at Penn State. "Across a lifetime of exposure to short sleep, this could increase the risk of obesity,diabetes or other metabolic diseases, " Ness adds. Blood samples taken from participants while they were eating also revealed that lack of sleep led to higher insulin （胰岛素） levels and a faster clearance of lipids from the blood. These developments make it much easier to gain weight; the lipids aren't just disappearing, they are being stored.。
英文阅读二肥胖对身体建康的危害Belly fat has long been thought to be particularly bad for your heart, but now, a new study adds more evidence to the idea that it may also be bad for your brain.长期以来，人们都认为腹部肥胖对心脏特别不好，但现在一项新研究提出的新证据表明，它可能还对你的大脑有害。
The study, from the United Kingdom, found that people who were obese and had a high waist-to-hip ratio (a measure of belly fat) had slightly lower brain volumes, on average, compared with people who were a healthy weight. Specifically, belly fat was linked with lower volumes of gray matter, the brain tissue that contains nerve cells.英国的这项研究发现，肥胖者以及腰臀比（腹部脂肪衡量指标）高的人比起那些体重健康的人来说，平均的脑容量要稍微小一些。
具体来说，腹部肥胖和脑灰质含量低有关。
脑灰质是含有神经细胞的脑组织。
"Our research looked at a large group of people and found obesity, specifically around the middle, may b e linked with brain shrinkage,” lead study author Mark Hamer, a professor at Loughborough University’s School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences in Leicestershire, England, said in a statement.该研究报告的第一作者、英国莱斯特郡拉夫堡大学的运动、锻炼及健康科学学院的教授马克·哈默尔在一项声明中表示：“我们的研究调查了一大群人，然后发现肥胖，尤其是腰腹部肥胖，可能和脑部萎缩有关。
”Lower brain volume, or brain shrinkage, has been linked with an increased risk of memory decline and dementia.该研究指出，脑容量更小，或者说是脑部萎缩，和记忆衰退以及痴呆的风险增加有关联。
The new findings, published Jan. 9 in the journal?Neurology, suggest that the combination of obesity (as measured by body mass index, or BMI) and a high waist-to-hip ratio may be a risk factor for brain shrinkage, the researchers said.这些新发现1月9日发表在《神经学》期刊上。
研究指出，肥胖加上高腰臀比可能是脑部萎缩的一个风险因素。
研究人员通过身体质量指数来衡量一个人是否肥胖。
However, the study found only an association between belly fat and lower brain volume, and cannot prove that carrying more fat around the waist actually causes brain shrinkage. It could be that people with lower volumes of gray matter in certain brain areas are at a higher risk of obesity. Future studies are needed to tease out the reasons for the link.不过，这项研究只是发现了腹部脂肪和脑容量小之间的关联，并不能证明肚子上的肉会导致脑部萎缩。
也可能是脑部特定区域灰质较少的人更容易肥胖。
要梳理出这个关联的前因后果，还需进行更多研究。
Dangerous fat 危险的肥肉Belly fat, also called visceral fat, is fat that’s stored de ep within the abdominal cavity. It’s tied to greater health risks than subcutaneous fat, or fat that’s stored just under the skin. Previous studies have linked visceral fat with a higher risk of heart disease (including heart attack and stroke), Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and premature death, according to the Mayo Clinic.腹部脂肪也被称为“内脏脂肪”，是堆积在腹腔内部深处的脂肪。
它们比皮下脂肪的健康风险还要高。
梅奥医学中心指出，先前的研究已经发现了内脏脂肪和更高的心脏疾病（包括心脏病发作和中风）、二型糖尿病、高血压和早逝风险之间的关联。
Some previous studies have also found a link between visceral fat or a high waist-to-hip ratio and lower brain volume, but these studies tended to be small and did not look at the combined effect of BMI and waist-to-hip ratio.先前的一些研究也发现了内脏脂肪或高腰臀比和脑容量小之间的关联，但是那些研究规模都比较小，而且也没有考虑身体质量指数和腰臀比的混合效应。
In the new study, the researchers analyzed information from more than 9,600 people living in the United Kingdom, with an average age of 55. Participants had their BMI and waist-to-hip ratio measured, and underwent an MRI to determine their brain volumes.在这项新研究中，研究人员分析了生活在英国的9600多名平均年龄为55岁的参与者信息。
研究人员测量了参与者的身体质量指数和腰臀比，然后通过核磁共振成像测量了他们的脑容量。
The study found that people with both a high BMI and high waist-to-hip ratio had the lowest brain volumes, compared with people who had just a high BMI (but not a high waist-to-hip ratio) and people of a healthy weight.研究发现，和身体质量指数高但腰臀比不高的人以及体重正常的人相比，身体质量指数和腰臀比都高的人脑容量最小。
Specifically, people with both a high BMI and high waist-to-hip ratio had an average gray matter volume of 786 cubic centimeters, compared with 793 cubic centimeters for people with a high BMI but not a high waist-to-hip ratio; and 798 cubic centimeters for people of a healthy weight.详细来说，身体质量指数和腰臀比都高的人平均脑灰质体积为786立方厘米，而身体质量指数高但腰臀比不高的人平均脑灰质体积为793立方厘米，体重健康的人平均脑灰质体积为798立方厘米。
The findings held even after researchers took into account other factors that can affect brain volume, including age, smoking and high blood pressure.即使在研究人员考虑了年龄、吸烟和高血压这些会影响脑容量的其他因素之后，这一发现依旧成立。
Though the study didn't look at potential mechanisms linking visceral fat and brain shrinkage, one hypothesis is that this type of fat is thought to produce inflammatory substances that may play a role in brain atrophy, the researchers said.研究人员说，虽然本研究没有探索内脏脂肪和脑部萎缩关联的潜在作用机制，但是有一项假说认为这种脂肪据说会产生炎症物质，可能会导致脑萎缩。
Dr. Gayatri Devi, a neurologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, who was not involved with the study, agreed with the findings. "Brain gray matter shrinkage...seems to be associated with obesity and with increased visceral fat,” she said.未参与该研究的纽约勒诺克斯山医院神经学家嘉亚特里·德维医生表示认同这一发现。
