英语三级语法辅导之常见介词及词组的用法
一、介词to的常见用法
1.动词+to
a)动词+ to考试大在线考试中心
adjust to适应a,ttend to处理;照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达…,belong to属于, come to达到, drink to为…干杯,get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握, lead to通向, listen to听, occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to参考;指的是…;涉及, reply to回答, see to负责, stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to给某人写信。
b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.
announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.
add to增加, compare to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给,reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。
2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to
be alive to觉察;晓得, be attentive to注意;留心, be awake to知晓, be blind to缺乏眼光, be close to紧挨着, be common to对某人来说很普通, be contrary to违反;反对, be devoted to致力, be deaf to不愿意听, equal to有…的力量, be exposed to暴露;遭受, be fair to对…公平, be familiar to对某人来说熟悉, be grateful to对某人心存感激, be good to对…有好处, be harmful to对…有危害, be important to对…重要, be kind to友好对待, be known to周知于, be married to嫁给, be moved to转移到, be near to靠近, be necessary to对…有必要, be opposite to在对面, be opposed to反对, be pleasant to合某人之意, be proper to专属, be polite to礼貌待人, be rude to粗暴对待, be relative to与…有关, be strange to不习惯, be similar to类似, be suitable to适合, be true to忠实, be thankful to感激, be useful to对…有用, be used to习惯。
3.to+名词构成的词组
to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止,to one‘s feet跳起来,to one’s mind照…看来, to one‘s surprise使…吃惊,to one’s taste符合胃口, to oneself独自享用, to order定做,to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地
二、at的常见用法 at构成的词组比较多,要细心区分。
1.动词+ at来源:考试大
arrive at抵达,call at访问某地, catch at(it)当场抓住, come at攻击, fire at向…开火,glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而视, grieve at忧伤,knock at敲,laugh at嘲
笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at对…高兴,smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝…射击, stare at怒目而视,thrust at刺向, tear at撕, tremble at颤抖,wonder at吃惊,work at工作。
2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at
be angry at恼怒于, be alarmed at对…保持警觉,be astonished at对…吃惊, be bad at不擅长, be clever at对某事很灵巧,be delighted at高兴,be disgusted at厌恶, be disappointed at对…失望,be good at擅长, be impatient at对…不够耐心, be mad at狂热于,be pleased at对…感到高兴, be present at出席, be satisfied at满意,be surprised at吃惊, be shocked at对…非常震惊,be terrified at受到…的恐吓,be quick at对…很机敏。
3.at+名词构成的词组
at a distance在一定距离,at a loss不知所措, at a time一次,at all一点也不,at any cost不惜一切代价,at best最好也只是,at first起初,at hand手头,at heart在内心里,at home在家;无拘束,at last最后,at least至少,at most最多,at once马上,at present目前。
三、介词on的常见用法
on的用法比较重要,本文介绍它的一些常见用法:
1.动词+on
a)动词+ on要认真区分下面一些词组
act on对…有作用, bring on促使;导致, call on拜访某人,count on依赖, carry on执行,depend on取决, feed on以…为生,figure on料想;推断, go on继续,have on穿着, insist on坚持,keep on继续, lean on依赖, live on以…为生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通(电源), take to喜欢;养成;轻易学会,turn on接通(电源), work on操作, wait on侍候。
b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)
base on以…为基础, congratulate on恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯,have pity on怜惜, keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。
2.be+形容词+on的词组
be dependent on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻,be impressed on对…印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on对…严格。
3.on+名词构成的词组
on board乘(车,飞机),on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行,on guard在岗,on hire雇用,on holiday度假
四、介词in的常见用法
1.动词+in
a)动词+ in
believe in信任, break in碎成,bring in引起;产生;带来, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收获, hand in上缴, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in导致, share in共享,succeed in成功, take in卷起;订阅, turn in归还当局。
b)动词+sb./time/money+ in
help sb. in帮助某人做某事, spare time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in浪费
时间或钱做某事。
2. be +形容词+ in
be active in活跃于,be absorbed in专心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牵涉, be clothed in穿着, be disappointed in对…失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced in在…有经验, be employed in任职于,be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的专家, be excellent in在…优秀,be interested in对…有兴趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,be slow in迟缓, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精于,be strict in严于, be weak in弱于。
3. in +名词
in advance提前,in all总共,in balance总而言之,in bed卧床,in body亲自,in brief简明扼要,in case万一, in charge主管,in danger有危险, in debt负债, in despair失望,in force大量地;有效,in full全部地, in flower开花,in general一般说来,in itself本身, in love恋爱, in order井然有序, in person亲自,in public公开地, in progress有进展, in practice从实践上看, in rags穿着破衣,in research探索, in return作为报答,in ruins一片废墟,in short总之,in theory从理论上看, in trouble有麻烦, in tears眼泪汪汪,in time及时, in turn按顺序, in vain白白地,in view看得见。
五、介词from的常见用法
from的用法可不能小瞧,你不一定知道下面这些词组意义。
1.动词+from
a)动词+ from
come from来自,date from追溯, depart from违背, die from死于, escape from逃出,fall from自…跌落, hang from垂挂, hear from收到来信,learn from向某人学习, return from自某地返回,rise from自…冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受。
b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place
borrow from向…借, choose from选自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不准做, protect from不受…之害, receive from收到,remove from移动;除去, save from保全;拯救, separate from分离开来,stop from阻止。
2. be +形容词+ from
be absent from缺席,be different from与众不同, be far from更不用说, be hidden from躲避,be made from用…制成, be tired from因…而疲倦。
3.from…to…
from bad to worse每况愈下,from beginning to end自始至终,from cover to cover从头到尾,from China to Peru到处,from day to day一天一天地,from door to door挨家挨户,from end to end从头至尾,from first to last自始至终,from hand to mouth勉强糊家,from head to foot从头到脚,from mouth to mouth广泛流传,from sun to sun从日出到日落,from start to finish从头开始,from top to toe从头到脚,from time to time不时地,from top to bottom彻底地。
account for 解释,说明;是……的原因;弄清……的下落;占(一定数量或比例)
How can you account for the accident? 你如何解释这个事故?
I want you to account for every cent you spent. 我要你说明你所花的每一分钱的用途。
Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior. 他的行为也许是最近的工作压力导致的。
One small child was still not accounted for. 还有一个小孩下落不明。
Afro-Americans account for 12% of the US population. 非洲裔美国人占美国人口的12%。
act for 代理
Please act for me during my absence. 我不在时请代理我处理事务。
I acted for our captain while he was in hospital. 我们队长住院时由我代理他。
allow for 考虑到,把……考虑进来;体谅
We should allow for every possible delay. 我们应该考虑到任何可能的延误。
We must allow for his youth. 我们必须体谅他的年轻。
answer for 对……负责,对……承担责任;保证;代表
I will answer for it (him). 我愿对它(他)负责。
One day you’ll have to answer for what you’ve done. 有一天你得对你今天的所作所为承担责任。
I agree but I can’t answer for my friends. 我同意,但我不能代表我的朋友也同意。
【注】该短语通常用于将来时态或含有情态动词的句子,其后可接名词或代词,一般不接 that 从句,若要接that从句,则应先接形式宾语 it。如:
I can’t answer for his honesty.=I can’t answer for it that he is honest. 我不能保证他是诚实的。
apologize for 为……而道歉
He apologized for not being able to meet her. 他因为未能去接她而向她道歉。
I must apologize for the delay in replying to your letter. 未能及时给你回信,我得向你道歉。
apply for申请(请求)得到
He applied for a job as an English teacher. 他申请得到一份当英语教师的工作。
They applied to the government for financial help. 他们向政府申请经济援助。
blame … for 埋怨,责怪
Movies have been blamed for the crime wave. 电影已被指责要对犯罪率上升负责。
The conductor is blamed for the accident. 售票员因那次事故而受到指责。
call for 大声呼叫;去接(某人)
The baby is calling for his mother. 婴孩叫着要母亲。
I’ll call for you at six o’clock. 6点时我将去接你。
care for 关心;想要
He always cares for my health. 他一直关心我的健康。
Would you care for some tea? 想喝点茶吗?
change…for 将……更换为
I’d like to change this dress for another. 我想换另一件相同款式的衣服。
The boy change soiled clothes for clean ones. 这个男孩脱下脏衣服换上干净衣服。
exchange…for 以……交换,兑换
I’ve ju
st bought this tie, but can I exchange it for that one? 我刚买了这条领带,可不可以换那条呢?
Can I exchange pounds for dollars here? 我可以在这里把英镑兑换成美元吗?
excuse … for 因为……而原谅(宽恕)
She excused him for being late. 她原谅他迟到。
Excuse me for bothering you. 请原谅我打扰你。
hope for 希望(有),期待(得到),希望(发生)
She is hoping for her son’s early marriage. 她希望她的儿子能早日结婚。
There is every reason to hope for success. 有充分的理由期待成功的到来。
leave (…) for 离开(……)去,动身去
He left for New York yesterday. 他昨天去了纽约。
We are leaving London for Paris on Friday. 星期五我们将离开伦敦前往巴黎。
listen for 留神听,倾听
She listened for his step. 她在注意听有没有他的脚步声。
The children listened for the clock to announce the New Year. 孩子们等着听新年的钟声。
long for 渴望,极想
The children are longing for the holidays. 孩子们盼望着放假。
She longed for him to ask her to dance. 她巴不得他邀请自己跳舞。
look for 寻找;期待
They were looking for the missing child. 他们正在寻找那失踪的小孩。
We are looking for George to arrive any day now. 我们在期待着乔治,他说不定哪天就到。
make for 走向;袭击;有助于,有益于
It’s late. We’d better make for home. 时间不早了,我们最好赶快回家吧。
The dog is making for the thief. 狗正向窃贼扑过去。
Early rising makes for good health. 早起有益于健康。
mistake … for 误认为……是
She is often mistaken for a famous singer. 她常常被误认为是个名歌手。
I’m sorry. I mistook you for a friend of mine. 对不起,我把你误当作我的一位朋友。
pay for 为……付钱;为……付出代价
Did you pay for the book? 那本书的书款你付过了吗?
You’ll have to pay for your selfishness some day. 有一天你一定会为你的自私付出代价。
prepare (…) for 为……作准备;使……在心理上对……有准备
The students are preparing for the final examination. 学生们在为期末考试作准备。
He had prepared himself for bad news. 他对坏消息已有心理准备。
provide (…) for 为……提供;抚养;对……有准备
He died without providing for his widow. 他死了,没有为他的遗孀留下任何东西维持生活。
The children are well provided for. 孩子们受到妥善照顾。
We did not provide for such a large increase in price. 我们没有想到价格的增幅这么大,所以没有充分的准备。
send for 派人去
请
Have you sent for the doctor? 你派人去请医生了吗?
We must send for him to repair the machine. 我们必须派人去请他来修理机器。
stand for 代表;容忍
What does this letter stand for? 这个字母代表什么?
I won’t stand for being treated like a child. 我不能容忍把我当小孩看待。
take … for把……当作是,误认为……是
He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑视为同意。
I took him for Mr Smith. 我错把他当作是史密斯先生。
thank … for 因……感谢
Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
He thanked her for her advice. 他感谢她给他提建议。
wait for 等候,等待
I’ll wait for you at the station. 我在车站等你。
We waited for the bus for half an hour but it didn’t come. 我们等公共汽车等了半小时,但是车一直没有来。
wish for 希望得到,祈求
He wishes for a computer. 他希望有台电脑。
She closed her eyes and wished for her mother to get better. 她闭上眼睛,祈求母亲健康好转。
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:
1)情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。考试大-中国教育考试门户网站()
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。