( A )1. _______ more attention, the tree could have grown better. (90’全国)
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given.
(D )2. The computer center, ________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school(93’全国)
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
(D )3. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(94’全国)
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
( C)4. ________ is thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(96’全国)
A. Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. To lose
( A)5. _______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(00’全国春)
(A )6. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to cle an up the river. (01’全国夏)
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. Suffered
( D)7. The researcher is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.(02’全国) A. begins B. having begun D. beginning D. begun
(C )8. ________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.(00’上海)
A. Being founded
B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. Founding
(A )9. When ________, the museum will be open to the public next year. (02’上海春)
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
( B)10. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.(02’京皖春)
A. are bought
B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
(D )11. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people with sp ecific knowledge. (02’上海)
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
(A )12. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.(03’上海春)
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
(A )13. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______. (03’北京)
A. kept
B. to be kept
C. keeping
D. having kept
( A)14. Mr. Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel. (03’北京春)
A. tired; boring
B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored
D. tiring; boring
( D)15. ________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. (03’北京)
A. Having given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Given
高中英语秋季班（教师版）
一、用动词的适当形式填空： 非谓语动词作状语大多相当于一个状语从句 A.作时间状语： eg.)①_______ (hear) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. = _______________, they couldn’t help crying. ②When/ While( _____ _____ ) ____ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look. While/When (I was) _____ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer. ③_______ (finish) his work, he went home. =_____________, he went home. B.作原因状语： Eg.) ①_____ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad. =____________, he could not afford to travel abroad. ________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder. _______ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post. ________ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away. _____ (not know) her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. ②______ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost. _________ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up. =_____________. C.方式/伴随状语; Eg.)①She watched the film, _____ (weep ) and ___ (sigh). ②The teacher stood there, ______ (surround) by a lot of students. D.作条件状语： Eg.)①______ (give) another chance, I would have done the job far better. =______________ , I would have done the job far better. ②(If) _____ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time. E.作结果状语：(意料中的结果) Eg.)① The hunters fired, _____(shoot) one of the wolves. ②The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus _____ (cause) the delay. 区别: 不定式表示意外的结果 eg.) He hurried to the station, only ____ (find) the train had left. F.作让步状语： Eg.)①Though ____ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon. = _____________, it cleared up very soon. ②Though _____ (tell) of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy. 分词作状语时, 需注意事项: A.分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常应是________ : ____ (see) from the hill, the city is beautiful. 知识点讲解
分考点 1 不定式作状语 Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music. 麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。 【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。 Point 2 作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。 Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果 Enough to do 足够做... Too...to do 太...而不能..... So/such... as to...如此...以至于.... I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out. 我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果） Mary is too tired to do the job. 玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Point 3 作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。 Tom was very happy to see his mother. 汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。 I was surprised to find him here. 发现他在这里我很开心。 【特别注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。 English is easy to learn. 英语学起来很容易。 The book is very hard to understand. 这本书很难理解。 分考点 2 分词作状语 形式意义 Doing 主动，进行 Having doing 主动，完成 Done 被动，完成；用作形容词，表状态 Being done 被动，进行，意为“正在被做”
分考点1 不定式作状语 Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music. 麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。 【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。 Point 2 作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。 Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果 Enough to do 足够做... Too...to do 太...而不能..... So/such... as to...如此...以至于.... I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out. 我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果） Mary is too tired to do the job. 玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Point 3 作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。 Tom was very happy to see his mother. 汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。 I was surprised to find him here. 发现他在这里我很开心。 【特别注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。 English is easy to learn. 英语学起来很容易。 The book is very hard to understand. 这本书很难理解。
高中英语秋季班（教师版） 11 / 6初三英语同步课程秋季班-高中英语-复习课-写作技巧
22 / 6初三英语同步课程秋季班-高中英语-复习课-写作技巧
知识点讲解 一、用动词的适当形式填空： 非谓语动词作状语大多相当于一个状语从句 A.作时间状语： eg.)①_______ (hear) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. = _______________, they couldn’t help crying. ②When/ While( _____ _____ ) ____ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look. While/When (I was) _____ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snake-charmer. ③_______ (finish) his work, he went home. =_____________, he went home. B.作原因状语： Eg.) ①_____ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad. =____________, he could not afford to travel abroad. ________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder. 33 / 6 初三英语同步课程秋季班-高中英语-复习课-写作技巧
Being done 与done做状语的区别 现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。在使用现在分词时，要注意它的各种形式变化： Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生） Being struck by the heavy storm, they felt helpless. 正受到强暴雨的袭击，他们感到很无助。 (strike 与 feel 两个动作同时发生，但 strike 与 they 之间逻辑关系是被动的 ) Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。 Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake . 给他讲过好几回,他还是犯同样的错。分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。与其它非谓语动词作状语用法区别简析： 1. 分词在句中不作目的状语(表目的状语用不定式)。不定式作状语只在句中表目的、结果、原因、程度。
2. 现在分词的一般式，表示该动作与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生；现在分词的完成式，表示该动作先于主句谓语动作发生。过去分词表被动完成 3. 现在分词的一般式的被动式(即 being done) 一般只作原因状语置句首；现在分词的完成式(即 having done; having been done) 在句中作时间原因状语。 Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.表示时间关系的分词短语，可用 when 或 while 引出。即： when/while walking… Once published, this novel will be very popular. Having worked for four hours, she stopped to have her meal. Lost in the forest, you should first of all remain where you are, waiting for help to come. Having been allowed to take a day off, he was happy to return. 1）现在分词作时间状语与其它非谓语动词比较 2) 现在分词作原因状语与其它非谓语比较： Being ill, he didn’t go to school. Having smoked too much, he has suffered from l ung cancer. 分词作原因状语:可置前或后,逗号隔开 Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any ot her country in the world. The child learns fast, well brought up b y his parents. 由于受到父母良好的教育，这个孩子学得很
创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 动词不定式做状语时表示目的和结果用法总结 1.作目的状语: I came here to see you. To stop the train, pull the lever downwards. 目的状语还可以用如下表达法： 肯定： to in order to + 动词原形 so as to I come to see her. = I come in order to see her. = I come so as to see her. that so that + 主语+ may/might + 动词原形 in order that I come that I may see her. = I come in order that I may see her. = I come so that I may see her. 否定： not to in order not to + 动词原形 so as not to that so that + 主语+ may/might + not + 动词原形 in order that He went away not to see me. = He went away in order not to see me. = He went away so as not to see me. = He went away in order that he might not see me. = He went away that he might not see me. = He went away so that he might not see me.
1 Revision of Non-finite Form of Verbs as Adverbial ( 非谓语动词作状语专项突破 ) 【教师寄语】Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm. 【Learning aims 】 1. To firmly grasp the key grammar points about the Non- finite form of verbs as adverbial ; 2. To learn to analyze and solve problems by self-study and cooperation; 3. To set up your confidence of conquering grammar and promote your ability to solve problems. 【自主复习】 1. Entering the classroom, Ms. Li was surprised to find we were standing in line, clapping hands and saying loudly “Happy Teachers’ Day!”（陕西.写作） 2. It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.(天津) 3. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.(四川) 4. Bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.(北 观察下列高考试卷中的句子，找出作状语的非谓语动词 1. 【2012山东 阅读理解B 】Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. 2. 【2012广东 阅读理解B 】 This Research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample (样本) of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a child’s sex and age, the mother’s health and feeling style. 3. 【2012 安徽 阅读理解C 】While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint. Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 非谓语动词做状语的常用形式： (特别关注一)非谓语动词的逻辑主语和句子主语的关系 【观察思考】 1. ______________(stand) in a long queue ,we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad.( 陕西) 2. When ______________ (ask) for his views about his teaching job , Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012 安徽) 3.The party will be held in the garden, weather ________________(permit). (2012课标) 【归纳总结】一般来说，非谓语动词的逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致；若非谓语动词与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓(主动)关系，用_____________,若为逻辑上的动宾(被动)关系，则用______________；不一致时，非谓语动词应加上自己的逻辑主语，构成________________________。 【突破技巧】____________________________________________________________________________ 【知识运用】 1. Seeing from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.(改 错)（陕西） 2. While watching television ，__________.(全国‖) A. the door bell rang B. we heard the doorbell ring 3. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _____________(water) every day.(四川) （特别关注二）doing / having done 作状语的区别 【观察思考】 1. ___________________(follow) the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 2. _____________________(finish) the work, I went out with my friends. 【归纳总结】doing 表示非谓语动词动作与主句动作___________发生；having done 表示非谓语动词动作______主句动作发生，有明显的先后顺序 【突破技巧】___________________________________________________________________________ 【知识运用】 1. Dina, __________________(struggle ) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(湖南) 2. The sun began to rise in the sky, __________(bathe)the mountain in golden light.(湖南) 3. _________________(wait) in the queue for half of an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.(福建)
( A )1. _______ more attention, the tree could have grown better. (90’全国) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given. (D )2. The computer center, ________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school(93’全国) A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened (D )3. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(94’全国) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written ( C)4. ________ is thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(96’全国) A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose ( A)5. _______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(00’全国春) (A )6. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to cle an up the river. (01’全国夏) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered ( D)7. The researcher is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.(02’全国) A. begins B. having begun D. beginning D. begun (C )8. ________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.(00’上海) A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding (A )9. When ________, the museum will be open to the public next year. (02’上海春) A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed ( B)10. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.(02’京皖春) A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying (D )11. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people with sp ecific knowledge. (02’上海) A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known (A )12. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.(03’上海春) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited (A )13. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______. (03’北京) A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. having kept ( A)14. Mr. Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel. (03’北京春) A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring ( D)15. ________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. (03’北京) A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
必修四unit4动名词做状语 【Teaching aim 】:learn forms used as adverbial 【Teaching important point】: learn forms as adverbial 【Teaching difficult point】 : how to use forms as adverbial 【自学导引】 二、功能及用法（做状语） -ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如： 1).While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。 2).Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。 分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： 1).Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。 2).Being poor, he didn’t go to school until eight .因为家里穷，他直到八岁才上学。 3).Many of us, being so excited,?couldn’t go to sl eep that night. 因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。 分词短语作结果状语。如： 1).His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 2).She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。 分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如： 1).They stood there for half an hour, watching the stars in the sky. 他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。 2).Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。 分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如： Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 注: -ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。 6. “with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如： 1).His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。 2).Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。 注意： 形式的完成式作状语时，表明其与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾或者主谓关系，且先于谓语动词发生。如: 1).Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 2).Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3).Having read the article for three times ,he could recite it .这篇文章他读了三遍，都能背下来了。 4).Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. 被告诉过多次，他依然在重复着这些错误。 5).Not having finished the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks. 还没有完成这项工程，他们不得不再在那里呆两周。 形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.-ing形式在句中作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语. 【课内探究】 ．从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。