哥白尼
一、生平简介
哥白尼（1473～1543）是波兰天文学家，日心说的创始人。1473年2月19日生于波兰东部的托伦。他的父亲是一位曾经当过市长的商人，母亲是一位富商的女儿。哥白尼有一个哥哥和两个姊姊，他是家中最小的孩子。在他10岁时，父亲染上瘟疫死亡。全家由舅父务卡施接济。哥白尼在文化名城沃茨瓦维克读了中学，1491哥白尼进入克拉科夫雅盖隆大学，在天文学家勃鲁泽夫斯基的指导下研读天文学和数学。
1496年，为了进一步深造，哥白尼前往欧洲文艺复兴的中心意大利留学，先后就读于波伦亚大学、帕多瓦大学和法拉腊大学，继续钻研数学、天文学、医学和法学。他有幸结识了文艺复兴的杰出人物达·芬奇，并且拜敢于向旧观念挑战的学者诺瓦拉（1454—1504）为师。正是在诺瓦拉的影响下，他开始对地心说产生了怀疑。
1506年哥白尼回到波兰，一面在里兹堡从医，一面从事天文学的研究。1512年舅舅去世，哥白尼移居弗洛恩堡，在大教堂任僧正。教堂城墙的一角有座箭楼，哥白尼用它建立了一个小天文台。他自制了各种仪器，孜孜不倦地从事天文观测和研究达30多年。他在1510年写成的《浅说》初稿中，毫不含糊地指出：太阳是宇宙的中心体，地球和行星都围绕着太阳运动，只有月亮才真正围绕地球旋转。1530年，终于圆满地完成了日心说的建立工作。于1543年3月用《天体运动论》书名出版，全书共有六大卷。由于呕心沥血的辛勤劳动，从1542年起哥白尼健康日益恶化，经常出血、中风。1543年5月24日，哥白尼与世长辞，终年70岁。据说他闭目的时候，还用冰冷的双手抚摸着刚刚印好的《天体运动论》样书。
二、科学成就
哥白尼在科学上最大的成就是创立了以太阳为中心的地动学说（日心说），否定了在西方统治达一千多年的以地球为中心的地静学说（地心说）。哥白尼创立的日心说，即名著《天体运行论》的发表，不但是天文学上的一次伟大革命，推动了天文学研究的飞速发展，而且引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新，沉重地打击了封建神权的统治，“从此自然科学便开始从神学中解放出来”
三、趣闻轶事
1．人小志大
哥白尼从小受到良好的学校教育，喜欢观察天象。他常常独自仰望繁星密布的夜空。有一次，哥哥不解地问哥白尼：“你整夜守在窗边，望着天空发呆，难道这表示你对天主的孝敬？”哥白尼回答说：“不。我要一辈子研究天时气象，叫人们望着天空不害怕。我要让星空跟人交朋友，让它给海船校正航线，给水手指引航程。”
2．千呼万唤始出来
由于托勒玫的地心说在当时已经成为维持教会统治的神学理论基础，哥白尼深知发表日心说的后果，这样写到：“我清楚地知道，一旦他们弄清楚我在论证天体运行的时候认为地球是运动的，就会竭力主张我必须为此受到宗教裁判……”，“他们就会大叫大嚷，当即把我轰下台。”因此，哥白尼迟迟不愿意发表他的著作《天体运行论》。直到1539年春天，在德国青年学者雷迪卡斯（1514—1576年）和其他一此朋友的敦促下，哥白尼才同意发表。1541年秋天，雷迪卡斯把修改稿带到纽伦堡，请路德派的一位神学家奥幸德匿名撰写一篇前言，宣称“这部书不可能是一种科学的事实，而是一种富于戏剧性的幻想”。在这样的情况下，才于1543年3月出版，从写成初稿到出版，前后竞搁置了近“四个九年”。
必修5 Unit1 Great scientists 1.explain（vt.）解释;说明;阐明 sth. to sb. Please explain this rule to me. explain + that从句He explained that he had been cheated. +wh- Can you explain how the machine operates? 2.characteristic n. 特征；特性 e.g. Kindness is one of his characteristics. adj.独特的 e.g. I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh. 短语：be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性 e.g. Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 3. put forward 提出（建议等）；提名; 提前，把时钟往前拨 e.g. He put forward a new plan. [归纳拓展] put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put on 穿上 put away 收好put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期 put up 建造；举起；张贴 选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out） ①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful. ②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road. ③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center. ④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day. ⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow wha t can be done today. 2.draw a conclusion得出结论 1）conclusion作名词，意为―结束，结论 短语：come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后 e.g. I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo. 2）conclude作动词，―结束；断定；决定 to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up) e.g. To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us. 4. expert 1）n.专家，能手 an expert in psychology（心理学）an agricultural expert 2）adj.熟练的，有专门技术的 be expert in/at sth 精通…… doing sth. an expert job需要专门知识的工作 e.g. He is expert in / at cooking. 5.attend vt. & vi. 参加，注意，照料 1）attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting 2）attend to (on)伺候, 照顾，看护 e.g. Mother had to attend to her sick son. 3）attend to处理，注意倾听 e.g. Can you attend to the matter immediately? 4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 1）暴露expose sb/ sth to sth e.g. He exposes his skin to the sun. 2）揭露 e.g.He
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.
高中英语必修五课文及翻 译 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020
-必修 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history. First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national
Unit 1 语法重点 一、动词不定式 不定式可以用来做主语、表语、定语、状语、宾语、独立成分，表示比较具体的意义。 （1）做主语 ①动词不定式短语 To master a foreign language is no easy job. To see this film is to waste time. To solve this problem is out of the question ②为平衡整个句子，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而将真正主语不定式放后 面，用于这种形式是一些特定的结构。例如： 1）谓语部分是系表结构，表语是某些形容词或名词。例如： It is foolish to do in this way. It sounds reasonable to do it this way. 2）某些动词做谓语时。例如： It took much time to do this. It makes us excited to think about that. (2) 做表语 表示打算、计划、命令和要求，用于appear, seem, happen等系动词后面 Such questions are to be avoided. What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill. (3) 做定语 做定语时不定式一般紧跟其所修饰名词或代词后面。例如： He was the first one to come this morning. He didn’t have the chance to go to school in the past. 如果不定式是不及物动词时，应注意其相应介词的搭配。例如： He has nothing to worry about. She is a very nice person to work with. (4) 作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因和结果。 ①表目的常用in order to, so as to,等结构但so as to只能放在主句之后。 Check your homework so as to avoid mistakes. She goes home (in order) to see her grandmother every week. ②表结果常用only to do, enough to do, too…to do等句型，不定式短语作结果状语具有 “意料之外”之意。 He is too excited to speak anything. I hurried to his house, only to find him out. ③原因 She seemed surprised to see us. He is sorry for what he did to think of his past. -不定式作方式状语时，通常采用as if 或 as though + to 的结构，其意为“好像要……”。 He raised his hand as if to hit me. She took out a pen and a piece of paper as though to write something. (5) 做宾语
U n i t1G R E A T S C I E N T I S T S JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London — so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people have lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 163738 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame, Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
必修五课文原文翻译 unit 1约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。约翰·斯诺想面对这一挑战，解决这一问题。他知道在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。 他对霍乱致人死地的两种推测产生了兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。病毒从胃部开始迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。 约翰·斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但需要有证据。因此在1854年伦敦再次爆发霍乱时，他就着手准备对此调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延时，约翰·斯诺开始搜集信息。他发现特别在两条街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查清原因。 他首先在地图上标注出所有死者曾住过的确切地点。该图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者都住在布洛德街上的水泵附近(尤其是这条街上的16、37、38和40号)。他还发现有些住户(如布洛德街20号和21号及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。他未预料到这种情况，于是他做了进一步调查。他发现这些人是在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工。酒馆为他们供应免费啤酒，因此他们没喝布洛德街水泵里的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。 接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。他发现水来自于河里，这条河被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。约翰·斯诺立即告诉布洛德街上惊慌失措的人们拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就开始得到缓解。他证明了霍乱是通过细菌传播而非气团传播。 在伦敦的另一地区，他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。一个妇女，从布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。她和她的女儿在喝了这些水后，都死于霍乱。利用这个额外证据，约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。 为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。供水公司也得到指示再也不能让人们接触污染水了。“霍乱王”终于被击败了。
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly diseas e of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be contr olled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera kille d people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangero us gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the dis ease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evide nce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his en quiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the de aths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 an d 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he mad e further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 C ambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water f rom the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He imm ediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away fr om Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certaint y that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source o f all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated. COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY
高二英语必修五Unit 4课文翻译 Unit 4 Making the news Reading MY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT "Unforgettable", says new journalist 我的第一项工作任务“难以忘怀，”新闻记者说Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. 周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一项工作任务。他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。 HX: Welcome. We're delighted you're coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions? 胡：欢迎你，非常高兴你来参加我们的工作，你来这里首先就是当助理记者。有什么问题吗? ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately? 周：我可以马上去采访吗? HX: (laughing) That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual ! Wait till you' re more experienced. First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.
新人教版高中英语课文译文 必修五 第一单元伟大的科学家 Reading 约翰.斯诺击败“霍乱王” 约翰.斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生—他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女皇的私人医生。但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。每次暴发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。约翰.斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。 斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中腐殖着，像一股危险的气流到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。 斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但是他需要证据。因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰.斯诺着手准备对此调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰.斯诺就开始收集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重，在10天之内就死去了500多人。他决心要查明其原因。 首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近（特别是这条街上16、37、38、40号）。他发现有些住宅（如宽街上20号和21号以及剑桥上的8号和9号）却无人死亡。他以前没预料到这种情况，所以他决定深入调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工，而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。 接下来，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵上的把手。这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就开始得到了缓解。他证明了，霍乱是由病菌而不是由气团传播的。 在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. 约翰·斯洛是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。约翰·斯洛想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。 He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 斯洛对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。 John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1845, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 斯洛推测第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。因此，在1854 年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰·斯洛着手准备对此进行调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰·斯洛就开始收集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重，在10 天之内就死去了500 多人。他决心要查明原因。 First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16,37, 38 and 40) . He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. 首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近（特别是这条街上16、37、38、40 号）。他发现有些住宅（如宽街上20 号和21 号以及剑桥街上的8 号和9 号）却无人死亡。他以前没预料到这种情况，所有他决定深入调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7 号的酒馆里打工，而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon