主谓一致和倒装
【用法讲解】
考试要求：
从学英语开始就涉及主语和谓语的一致性，是英语学习及考查的基础，从单项选择到书面表达，都可能涉及到主谓一致的问题，是中考试卷必考题目。主谓一致就是句子的谓语动词形式在人称和数上必须和句子的主语保持一致，叫主谓一致。这种关系一般要遵循三个原则：语法上一致的原则；意义上一致的原则和就近一致的原则。
倒装句因为与汉语语言习惯的不同和较多的句型结构而成为初中英语的难点，虽然初中英语涉及到的倒装句型不算太多，在中考试卷中也总有一定的比例，尤其在阅读理解和完形填空中对上下文的理解会有很大的影响，因此也是中考复习的重点。
1. 语法一致原则
谓语和主语通常从语法形式上取得一致，主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也为复数形式。如：
The boy is clever enough to study maths well. 这个男孩够聪明，可以把数学学好。Everybody in my class tries to do well in English. 我们班每个人都努力学好英语。
（1）下列情况谓语动词只能用单数：
1）不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Water is very important to the trees. 水对树来说非常重要。
2）动词不定式或者动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：To improve your English is the most important work.
提高你的英语是最重要的工作。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。
3）不定代词each，one，another，something，somebody，nothing，nobody，everyone，everything，anyone，anything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Somebody is waiting for at the gate. 有人在大门口等你。
Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事只怕有心人。
4）如果句子的主语是单数，尽管后面有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数形式。
如：My mother with her students often has a picnic in a park.
我的妈妈经常和她的学生在公园里野餐。
5）固定短语one of ＋名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：One of the boys in our class goes to school by car.
我们班一个男孩坐小汽车上学。
6）固定短语the number of ＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：The number of students in our school is more than two thousand.
我们学校学生的数量超过二千。
（2）下面的情况谓语动词只能用复数：
1）and或both … and连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：He and his brother are both teachers. 他和他的哥哥都是老师。
2）both, all, few, several, many等修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：All his friends have come. 他的朋友都来了。
Many girls are fond of dancing. 许多女孩子都喜欢跳舞。
3）表示总称意义的名词，如：people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：The police are asking them questions. 警察正在询问他们一些问题。
Your clothes are very dirty. 你的衣服非常脏。
4）“the+形容词（或由分词演变而来的形容词）”作主语，表示“一类人”时谓语动词用复数。如：The rich are not always happy. 富人也不总是幸福的。
The wounded are still in hospital. 所有受伤的都在住院。
5）固定短语“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A number of students come from Sichuan.许多学生来自四川。
6）主语是表示两个相同的部分构成的物体的名词，如：clothes, trousers, shoes, boots, glasses (眼镜), socks, gloves, compasses等作主语，谓语动词用复数，但这些名词被this/a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Her shoes are green. 她的鞋子是绿色的。
This pair of shoes is very expensive. 这双鞋子非常昂贵。
（3）下列情况谓语动词可用单数也可用复数：
1）数词作主语且表“加减乘除”时，谓语动词通常用单数，但是也可用复数。如：
Nine and one is/ are ten. 九加一等于十。
Two times three is/ are six. 二乘以三等于六。
2）“none/neither of+代词/复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，但在口语中也可用复数。如：
None of us knows/ know how to work out this problem.
我们中没有人知道如何解这个题。
Neither of you like/likes playing football. 你们两个都不喜欢踢足球。
3）一些集合名词，如family，class，group, team等作主语时，表示整体意义时，谓语动词用单数形式；当它们强调指个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：His family isn’t large. 他的家庭不大。（指家庭的整体）
His family were watching TV when I arrived.
当我到时，他的一家人正在看电视。(指具体的家庭成员）
2. 意义一致原则
（1）表示时间、距离、重量、长度和价值的名词，尽管是复数形式，作为一个整体来看待，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如：Three weeks is already enough for you to finish the work.
三个星期对你们完成这个工作已经足够了。
（2）不定代词all, most, some 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所指代名词的数。如：Most of the apples were bad. 大部分苹果是烂的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a mouse. 这个苹果的大半被老鼠吃掉了。
（3）用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and fork (刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink. 威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜欢的饮料。（4）不定数量的词组作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数。如：part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, plenty of 等。
如：A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。
3. 就近一致原则：
（1）由连词either… or，neither…nor，not only… but also及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常与离它最近的主语保持一致。
如：Neither you nor your father is able to help me. 你和你爸爸都不能帮助我。
Either you or I go swimming with our father. 我或者你可以和爸爸一起去游泳。
（2）there be句型中，谓语动词be往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。
如：There is a dictionary and some books on the desk.
桌上有一本词典和一些书。
4. 倒装句的概念:
英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序；另一种谓语的一部分或整个谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序，如英语的疑问句形式。在初中阶段倒装句一般都作为特殊句型来处理。
5. 初中接触过的倒装句型：
（1）so + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语
表示“……也是这样”，用于描述谓语所说情况也适用于另一个人或另一个事物，只能用在肯定句，注意上、下句所使用的动词的时态要一致。如：
You can ride a bike. So can I. 你会骑自行车，我也会。
He has been to Beijing. So have I. 他去过北京，我也去过。
Lin Ping was there last night. So was everyone else in my class.
林平昨晚在那里，我们班其他人昨晚也都在那里。
He saw the snake, and so did I. 他看见那条蛇了，我也看到了。
注意：
上句中前句谓语动词是行为动词，所以后句中要加助动词did。就像行为动词变疑问句一样，句子如果有be、助动词（如：have，will等）和情态动词（如：can，must等），就把这些词放在另一个主语前；如果没有，就要加do，does或did。
辨析：
so＋主语＋be/ 助动词/ 情态动词，此句型不是倒装句，只是单纯地重复前面一句的意思，表示“的确如此、就是这样”。如：
—My little brother can swim in the sea. 我的小弟弟能在大海里游泳。
—So he can. 的确如此。
—He gets up very early. 他起得真早。
—So he does. 确实很早。
（2）neither/ nor + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语
表示“……也不这样”。用法和句型so + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语一样，只是意义上表示否定。如：
The first one isn’t good, and neither is the second.
第一个不好，第二个也不好。
They didn’t come last night. Nor did I. 他们昨天晚上没有来，我也没有来。
（3）以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子。
为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。这时的主语必须是名词，主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
Here it comes. 它来了。
In came our teacher. 我们老师进来了。
Out rushed the boys. 男孩子们冲了出去。
（4）表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。
这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do。如：
Under a big tree sat a fat man, half asleep. 树下坐着一个胖男人，似乎睡着了。
（5）there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示“存在”的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie等动词代替be。如：
There came shouts for help from the river. 从河里传来了呼救声。
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house. 房子前面是一大片麦田。
【真题再现】
1. Look, the set of keys on the teacher's desk.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. was
2. —What are you going to do this weekend?
— I together with my classmates going to climb Mount Qin.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. were
3. —I’m not going swimming this afternoon
— __________. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.
A. So am I.
B. So I am.
C. Neither am I.
D. Neither I am.
4.－I have read the book Sense and Sensibility. －________. A. So have I B. Neither have I C. So I have
5. —What _______ the number of the students in your school?
—About two thousand. A number of them _______ from the countryside.
A. is; are
B. is; is
C. are; is
D. are; are
6. Andy, you’d better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit _______ good for you
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were.
7. There __________ a photo of my family in my purseA. is B. be
C. are
8. The traffic is moving very slowly as so many cars __________ on their way back to Shanghai. A. am B. is C. are D. be
9．— __________ there any living things on other planets?
— I have no ideas．Maybe we can know more about that in the future．
A．Is B．Are C．Has D．Have
10. Doing eye exercises ________ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.
A．is B．are C．were
【答案与解析】
1. C。句意：看，这串钥匙在老师的桌子上。根据句意可知这句话的主语是the set of keys，强调的是一串钥匙，所以谓语动词用单数形式，所以选C。
2. B。本句意为：——这周你准备做什么？——我和我的同学去爬秦山。这里with my parents只是作为伴随成分，with sb.是作为伴随成分，不影响谓语动词的形式；主语为I，故答案选B。
3. C。句意：—今天下午我不打算去游泳。—我也不打算去，我不得不帮助妈妈做清洁。so +主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语：某某确实如此，与上文是同一人。so +主语+助动词/情态动词/系动词：某某人也如此，与上文不是同一人。上文是否定句，下文表示某某也
不，用neither +助动词+主语。这些句式在时态，人称上与前一个句子相同。根据上句是否定句，故选C。
4. A。本题意为：——我已经读完了《理智与情感》这本书。——我也是；So have I我也是；Neither have I我也没有；So I have我确实是，故答案选A。
5. A。本题意为：——你学校有多少人？——大约两千人。他们中的大多数来自农村。the number of意为“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式，故第一空选is；a number of 意为“许多，一些”，后面通常接可数名词复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式，所以第二空选are；答案为A。
6. B。本句意为：Andy，你最好不要只吃肉。你应该知道牛奶和水果对你有好处。两个或两个以上的人和物用连词and连接做主语时，谓语动词不用第三人称单数。本句为一般现在时，故答案选B。
7. A。本句句意为：在我钱包里有我家人的照片。本题考查there be句型，由空后的“a photo”可知本空应该为单数形式，故选A。
8. C。句意：车辆行驶非常缓慢，因为那么多汽车在回上海的路上。由空处前的cars可知谓语应用are，故答案为C项。
9. B。句意为：其他星球有没有生物呢?我不清楚。或许我们以后会对它了解更多。there be句型不能和have同时使用，故排除C、D两项。“living things”为复数，所以be动词应用复数，故选B。
10. A。句意：做眼保健操是保护眼睛的有效方法之一。动名词短语“Doing eye exercises”作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式，故选A。
【巩固练习】
I.单项选择。
1. —______ a nice day!
— ______.
A. How; So is it
B. What; So is it
C. What; So it is
D. How, So it is
2. —I have never been to Hawaii. What about Mike?
—_______.
A. So has he
B. So he does
C. Neither he has
D. Neither has he
3. Our class are going to have a picnic tomorrow. If you don’t go, ______.
A. so do I
B. neither do I
C. neither will I
D. so will I
4．The reading room ______ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.
A．am B．is C．are D．be
5．Last Sunday my aunt ______ at home with me．We were watching TV all day.
A．was B．were C．is D．are
6．—Leo，_________ no milk or eggs in the fridge．
—Oh，I’ll go and buy some right away．
A．it is B．there is C．there are D. they’re
7．—How much _______ the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars _______ enough．
A．is；is B．is；are C．are；is D．are；are
8．________ less milk in this bottle than in that one．
A．There have B．There has C．There is D．There are
9．—I never drink coffee．
—________.
A．So do I B．So did I C．Neither did I D．Neither do I
10．—Tom, I’m watching a football match．What about you?
—_________.
A．So do I．B．So am I．C．So I do. D．So I am.
11. ________ Tom ________ Mary speaks good Chinese，so they can communicate with these Chinese students very well．
A．Neither；nor B．Not only；but also
C．Both；and D．Either；or
12. —It’s terribly cold today，isn’t it?
—Yes．________ yesterday．
A．So it was B．So was it C．So it is D．So is it
13．________ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ________ teachers.
A．A number of；women B．A number of；woman
C．The number of；women D．The number of；woman
15．I am not watching TV，________ is Jim．
A．also B．either C．neither D．so
14．There ________ a few students in the library after school every day．
A．has been B．have been C．is D．are
16．Both of the students ________ from England．
A．am B．is C．are D．be
17．Physics ________ easy for us to learn．
A．am B．is C．are D．be
18. —______ for you. Happy birthday!
—Thank you.
A. Your present is here
B. This is a present
C. Here is a present
D. A present is this
19. — Your father is very strict with you.
—_______. He never lets off a single mistake of ours.
A. So he is
B. So is he
C. He is so
D. So does he
20. —Here ____！Where is Xiao Liu？
－There ____.
A. comes the bus；is he
B. comes the bus；he is
C. the bus comes；is he
D. the bus comes；he is
II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Tom and I ____ (be) in the same class.
2. The singer and writer _____ (talk) with foreign guests now.
3. Fish and chips _____ (be) delicious.
4. Either you or I ______(be) mad.
5. Neither you nor he _____ (be) right.
6. Not only the planets but also the earth _____ (move) round the sun.
7. There _____(be) a car and three buses outside.
8. Mr. Turner together with his friends _____just _____ (arrive)in Beijing.
9. To read English loud _____ (be) very important.
10. Reading _____ (be) is a good way.
【答案与解析】
I.单项选择。
1. C。第一句是感叹句，由what 修饰名词a nice day，意为“多好的天！”。答语为“确实是”，无需倒装。
2. D。表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于后者时，则用Neither/Nor+连系动词/情态动词/助动词+另一主语。
3. C。表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于后者时，则用Neither/Nor+连系动词/情态动词/助动词+另一主语,再由if引导的是条件状语从句是一般现在时表示将来的意义，主句要用一般将来时。
4. B。句意：阅览室十分安静，我喜欢在那儿看书。本题考查主谓一致。因为主语是第三人称单数，故答案为B项。
5. A。句意：上周日我姑姑和我在家，我们一整天都在看电视。本题考查动词时态及主谓一致。上周日表过去，动词应用过去式，my aunt是单数，所以A为正确答案。
6. B。句意：——Leo，冰箱里没有牛奶和鸡蛋了。——哦，我马上去买一些。本题考查there be句型，此句型的谓语动词要遵守“就近原则”，因为milk是不可数名词，故be动词用单数形式，故答案为B项。
7. A。句意：——这双鞋多少钱?——20美元就够了。本题考查主谓一致。第一句话的主语为the pair of shoes，谓语动词应与pair的形式保持一致；时间、长度、金钱等作主语时，通常看作一个整体，故第二句中谓语动词用is。
8. C。句意：这个瓶里的牛奶比那个瓶里的少。本题考查there be句型。there have形式不对，排除A和B项；又因为milk为不可数名词，be动词应用is，故选C项。
9. D。句意：——我从不喝咖啡。——我也是。本题考查倒装句。前面一种否定的情况也适合于另外的人或物，用“neither + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”倒装结构表示。故选D 项。
10. B。句意：——Tom，我正在看足球比赛。你呢?——我也是。此题考查so的倒装句。“so+助动词/情态动词/ be动词+主语”表示“……也一样”；“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be 动词”表示“……的确如此”。
11. B。句意：不仅Tom而且Mary汉语也讲得好，所以他们能和这些中国学生很好地交流。neither…nor既不……也不；not only…but also不仅……而且；both…and两者都；either…or 或者……或者。根据句意和动词speaks，可知B项为最佳答案。
12. B。句意：——今天太冷了，不是吗?——是的，昨天也很冷。由过去时态可知应排除C和D项；A表示“昨天的确很冷”，由句意可知此处应该表示情况和上述一样，故选B项。
13. C。句意：他们学校教师的数量大约是200人，并且有四分之一是女教师。a number of 意为“许多的，大量的”；the number of意为“……的数量”，由句意可排除A、B两项。又因为woman修饰复数名词时，本身也要变成复数，故选C。
14. D。句意：每天放学后图书馆里有一些学生。there be句式中be的形式由其后的名词的单复数决定。本题空格后many students是复数，再根据every day所以用are。
15. C。句意：我没在看电视，Jim也没看。“neither+助动词／be动词／情态动词+主语”表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人的否定。
16. C。句意：这两个学生都来自英国。“both of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
17. B。句意：物理对我们来说很容易。以-ics结尾的学科名称，不应受词尾-s的影响，谓语动词需要用单数形式。
18. C。本题考查倒装句和交际用语，给别人送生日礼物时说“Here is a present for you.”，所
以选C。
19. A。本题考查so＋主语＋谓语动词，表示“确实是这样”，句意是“你爸爸对你要求严格。”，“是的，他确实是这样。”，所以选A。
20. B。本题考查倒装句和交际用语。以here和there开头的句子如果主语是名词用倒装句，而主语是代词则不倒装，所以选B。
II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. are
2. is talking
3. is
4. am
5. is
6. moves
7. is
8. has arrived
9. is 10. is
初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。
二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。
eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:
一．主谓一致（指主语和谓语动词在…人称?和…数?方面的一致关系。）主谓一致遵循以下三条原则（形合，意合，就近） 1．形合（主单→谓单；主复→谓复） ★1．由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数e.g. Both milk and coffee are on sale in Walmart supermarket. Ru Hua and Wang Xiaohu are a couple. ◆注：⑴and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念(and 后无冠词)，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. The teacher and writer has come. Bread and butter is the breakfast of the western people. and所连接的表示同一概念的短语有：a horse and cart马车, a knife and fork刀叉, bread and butter涂有黄油的面包 ⑵由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 e.g. In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. ★2. 用one, every one, each one, any one, each, either, neither 等+ of +复数名词/人称代词作主语时，谓语用单数。 e.g. Neither of his parents is a doctor. They are both teachers. Every one of the students is studying hard. ◆注：(1)“both of +复数名词/人称代词”作主语时，谓语用复数。Both of them are students. (2) none作主语时如果指人或可数的物，表数目，谓语动词用单复数形式皆可；如果指不可数名词，表量，谓语动词用单数。e.g. None of that money on the table is mine. None of us is/are interested in your new subject. (3)在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 但在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the （only）、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only就用复数形式。 He was one of the students who were late for school . ★3. each, either, neither, another, the other 和由some, any, no, every + thing/ one/ body构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. There is something wrong with my computer. Everyone is ready for the big dinner. I have two sisters. One is a doctor, the other is a nurse. ◆注：each作同位语，谓语动词仍与主语一致。 They each have a book. ★4. 不定式/动名词（短语）作主语，谓语用单数。 e.g. Doing morning exercises is good for your health. To teach is to learn. 如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。 e.g. To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. ★5.all/most/ part /some/none/half/plenty/a lot/lots/the rest/分数/百分 数+of+ n. 等短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。此名词可数，则谓语用复数；此名词不可数，则谓语用单数。All of the work has been finished. Part of the work has been done by us . Let?s eat the food fi rst. The rest is going to be given to them. ★6. 成双成套的词如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors ，socks等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 ◆注：如果这类名词前用了a pair /two pairs等修饰，则谓语与pair 的单复数一致。The shoes in the shop are beautiful. A pair of shoes was sold out this morning. ★7．由“a/this kind of, many kinds of”或…n. + of this kind?，以及由与kind 意义相似的type, sort 等词构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语与of前的名词保持一致。A kind of bird has been discovered by them.Machines of this kind are very useful. ★8. a number of后面加复数名词或代词，谓语用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。 The number of the students in our school is over 20 thousand. A number of students are coming to our school to learn English. ★9. 倒装句中谓语单复数要看其后面的主语。 There comes the bus. Between the two buildings is a supermarket. ★10. 主语后面跟有with ，together with ，along with ，as well as ，but ,except, besides, like ，including, rather than, in addition to等引导的介词短语+其它名词时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 The women with two children is my aunt . Everyone here, including children and old people, is for the plan. Mary, along with her boyfriend, goes climbing every Sunday. 2．意合（主语表单数概念→谓语单数；主语表复数概念→谓语复数） ★1. 主语表事物的总称，若指有生命的集合体，如people, police, staff，cattle, crew等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。The police are looking for the missing boy. 主语表事物的总称，若指无生命的集合体，如traffic, clothing, fruit, equipment等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 ★2. 复数形式、单数意义的名词作主语 (1)有些词形似复数，实为单数，其作主语时谓语用单数. 常见的有： 抽象名词news ，学科名词maths，physics ，politics，报纸、杂志名The New York Times,专有名词James, the United States等 The United States was founded in 1776. The New York Times sells well all over the United States . ◆但clothes, goods(货物), works(著作)，the Olympics等词或短语 作主语时，谓语用复数。 The Olympics are held every four years. (2) 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词或短语作主语时，应将 它们看作一整体，谓语用单数。Ten years is a long time. Five million dollars is a lot of money. ★3. “the +形容词”表一类人（如the poor ，the rich ，the young，the old ，the dead ，the sick，the brave 等）作主语，谓语用复数； 1
初中英语倒装句练习 1. Look, ______ . A. here the bus comes C. here comes the bus D. here the bus is coming 2. —Where is Kate? —Look ， _____ , she is at the school gate. A. there she is B. there is she C. here you are D. here it is 3. Which of the following sentences is correct? A. In the teacher came B. In did come the teacher 7. ___ , you can ' t lift yourself up. C. How strong you are D. In spite you ' re strong 8. So carelessly ______ that he almost killed himself. A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive 9. Early in the day ___ the news ____ t he enemy were gone. A. come; that B. came; that C. comes; that D. came; what 10. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages ____ them well. A. you can learn B. can you learn C. you learned 11. Only after liberation ____ to be treated as human beings. did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin 12. Not only ___ to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends. B. here is the bus coning C. In did the teacher come D. In came the teacher 4. Out ____ , with a stick in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he 5. ______, he is honest. A. As he is poor B. Poor is he 6. _______ , he knows a lot of things. A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. he rushed C. Poor as he is C. A child as is he D. he did rush D. Poor as is he D. Child as is he A. Even you ' re strong B. Strong as you are D. did you learn D. had they begun A. he was forcing B. he was forced C. was he forcing D. was he forced
外研版英语中考英语主谓一致试题和答案 一、主谓一致 1．Now my father _____ his bike to work every day instead of driving. A．ride B．rode C．rides D．will ride 【答案】C 【解析】 考查点：一般现在时的用法。解题思路：every day意为“每天”，表示经常性，习惯性的动作，故该句子要使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故答案选C；选项B、D时态错误； 2．Now the number of students who bedrooms of their own getting larger and larger. A．has;are B．have;is C．has;is D．Have;are 【答案】B 【解析】句意：现在拥有自己卧室的学生越来越多。have动词，有；has动词三单，有。is 是，动词单三形式；are是，主语为第一、二人称，以及第三人称复数。定语从句Now the number of students who____ bedrooms of their own中，students为先行词，复数含义，所以定语从句谓语动词使用复数形式have。第二个空为be动词，其主语为the number（单数含义），所以be动词使用is。故选：B。 点睛：the number of表示“……的数量”，跟复数名词连用作主语时，中心词是number，谓语动词要用单数; a number of表示“许多”，相当于 many，修饰可数名词复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 3．—Hi, mom, exciting news! I am the only one of the students who elected （当选） as president of the students’ union. —Oh, you are so lucky to get the honor and then work hard! A．were B．was C．are 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意“-嗨，妈妈，振奋人心的消息，我是学生中唯一被选为学生会主席的人。-哦，得到这个荣誉你很幸运，然后努力工作吧”。根据句意可知，表示过去被选为学生会主席，用一般过去时，排除C；且当先行词被the only one of the修饰时，从句的谓语用单数，故选B。 4．The boys ____________ from America like China A．who is B．are C．which is D．who are 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：这些来自美国的男孩喜欢中国。考查定语从句。本句是主谓宾结构，可排除B项。
(十三)主谓一致和倒装句 主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。预计2016年主要考查主谓一致的基本用法，there be句型是考查的重点；倒装句主要考查so与neither引导的倒装句。 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一
致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 ①语法一致原则 使用情况例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、 不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。The girl is fond of singing. To protect the environment is our duty. Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes. 表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The students are having their math class. They have been to Qingdao twice. and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形Eating vegetables and doing exercise are good for our health. The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming.
初中英语倒装句练习 1. Look,________. A. here the bus comes B. here is the bus coning C. here comes the bus D. here the bus is coming 2. —Where is Kate? —Look，_____, she is at the school gate. A. there she is B. there is she C. here you are D. here it is 3. Which of the following sentences is correct? A. In the teacher came B. In did come the teacher C. In did the teacher come D. In came the teacher 4. Out _____, with a stick in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush 5. _______, he is honest. A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he 6. ________, he knows a lot of things. A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he 7. _____, you can’t lif t yourself up. A. Even you’re strong B. Strong as you are C. How strong you are D. In spite you’re strong 8. So carelessly ________that he almost killed himself. A. he drives B. he drove C. does he drive D. did he drive 9. Early in the day ____the news _____the enemy were gone. A. come; that B. came; that C. comes; that D. came; what 10. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_____ them well.
中考英语主谓一致专项练习 一、主谓一致 1．The number of teachers in our school ____ less than 300. A．are B．is C．am D．were 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我们学校的教师数量不到300。The number of……的数量，作句子主语时谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，所以选B。 考点：考查主谓一致。 2．—Would you like some juice or coffee? —Either OK. I really don’t care. A．is B．are C．was 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意“-你想要果汁还是咖啡？-都可以，我不在意”。根据either可知，空处用单数，排除B；且根据句意可知，用一般现在时，故选A。 3．（两者之中）任何一个 I don't agree with either of you on these issues. 在这些问题上,你们两个我都不同意。 连接词 conj. 4．_____ Tom_____Maria loves this sport. A．Both, and B．Not only, but also C．But, and D．Both, or 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 试题分析：句意：不仅汤姆，玛丽亚也喜欢这个运动。Both…and…“两者都……”，连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；Not only…but also… “不仅……而且……”，连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。谓语动词用“loves”,所以选择B。 考点: 考查连词的用法。 5．The rest of students in the classroom ______my classmates. A．is B．are C．be D．am 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：教室内的其他学生是我的同学们。本句主语The rest of students为复数
初中中考英语语法 （名词篇） 语法总述： 名词篇： 名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类： 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jilin, Tom, China, (1)零冠词，如Yale University,Beijing Railway Station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成，往往为并列关系。 (2)定冠词，如the United States，the Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成。 (3) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队government 政府 group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火 steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。
labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 3. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange； 不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information . 4、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 规则名词的复数形式：
2012年全国中考题组 1.How much ________ the pair of shoes? – Twenty dollars _________ enough. A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are 2.–Leo, ___________no milk or eggs in the fridge.- Oh, I’ll go and buy some right away. A. it is B. there is C. there are 3.–There __________ a tiger and two chimpanzees in the zoo. Let’s go there this weekend. A. are B. is C. has D. have 4.In our school library, there _________ a number of books on science and the number of them ________ growing larger and larger. A. is; are B. are; is C. have; is 5.–My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow. – Shall we go together? A. So am I B. So do I C. So I am D. So will I 6.–I heard Huang Gang made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday. - ______, and __________. A. So he did; so did I B. So did he; so I did C. So he was; so was I D. So was he; so I was 7. -Tom, I am watching football match. What about you? - __________. A. So do I B. So am I C. So I do D. So I am 8. Last Sunday my aunt __________ at home with me. We were watching TV all day. A. was B. were C. is D. are 9.The reading room ___________ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there. A. am B. is C. are D. be 10.Everyone ________ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong. A. find B. think C. finds D. thinks 2010-2012年全国中考题组 1. Either Sam or Jane ________ TV now. A. were watching B. are watching C. is watching D. was watching 2. – It’s very hot, but quite wet today. - ____________.A. So is it B. It is so C. So it is D. So it does 3.One of my friends _______already moved to London.A. do B. does C. have D. has 4. Every student as well as some teachers who _________ to visit the museum __________ asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 in the morning.. A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are 5.The news ___________ very interesting! Tell me more!. A. is B. are C. were D .was 6.I hear one third os the books in Wuhu Library ________ new. Let's borrow some. A. is B. are C. was D. were 7. Not only my grandma but also all of us _______ looking forward to meeting my uncle . A. am B. is C. are 8. His father likes going hiking. ________. A. So does his mother B. So is his mother C. So his mother is D. So his mother does 9. Everyone except Tom and John ____________ seen the film. A. is B. has C. are D. have 10. - After reading the story about Jin jing, I was very ___________. - ____________. She's really brave.
中考英语倒装句100及答案经典 一、倒装句 1．—Peter has made great progress in English recently. — . He has been studying so hard these days. A. So have he B. So he has C. So he have D. So has he 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——彼得最近在数学反面取得重大进步。——他就是这样，这些天他一直在努力学习。在表示和上述发生相同事情时，用so+助动词+主语。对别人情况加以肯定时常用，so+主语+助动词。根据He has been studying so hard these days.可知是对上述事情的肯定。主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has，故选B。 【点评】此题考查倒装结构。主语部分倒装So+助动词+主语。和So+主语+助动词。两个句式区别。 2．—He's never been late for school. —________________. A. So have I B. So am I C. Neither have I D. Nor am I 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：—他从来没有上学迟到过。—我也没有。So+助动词+主语，表示主语也是；neither+助动词+主语，表示主语也不是这样；根据上文是现在完成时，这里用助动词have。根据题意，故选C。 【点评】考查固定句型neither+谓+主。 3．—My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow. — . Shall we go together? A. So do I B. So I do C. So will I D. So I will 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】“so＋助动词（情态动词或连系动词）＋另一主语”，此句型是主谓倒装结构，可以表示前面的情况也适用于后者，使用该句型需要注意以几个方面的问题：1．该句型只能用于肯定句，不能用于否定句：如果前句是否定句，则要用“neither ／nor ＋助动词＋主语”。2．句型中的主语与上文中的主语是不同的两个主语3．句型中助动词，包括连系动词和情态动词的时态要和上句中谓语动词的时态相一致。 句意：我的哥哥和我明天要去图书馆。根据下文，我们一起去吗？可知上文情况同样适用于后者，故用主谓倒装结构，上文是将来时态，选C。 【点评】这几个倒装句的区别比较难。“so＋助动词（情态动词或连系动词）＋另一主语”，表示前面的情况也适用于后者。So+主语+助动词（情态动词或连系动词）是对上文所说的情况加以肯定。如果上文是否定形式则要将so换成neither。
中考英语主谓一致专题练习(含答案) 一、单选题 1、A set of keys _____on the desk、 My pen and my pencil_____ in my pencil box、 A、is; is B、is; am C、is; are 2、She and I ______ in Grade Seven、 A、am B、are C、is D、be 3、 No, she _______、 A、Do; dont B、Does; doesnt C、Do; do D、Does; does 4、They ____do well in the exam、 A、can be able to B、be able to C、am able to
D、are able to 5、“ Do _______ have a soccer ball? ” “ Yes, they have two、” A、your friend B、your friends C、you friend D、you friends 6、As time goes by, the number of foreign students in our school____ growing fast、 A small number of the exchange students ____from Korea、 A、is, comes B、are, come C、are, comes D、is, come 7、________ are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time、 A、Bill as well as Dick and Lucy B、Neither Victor nor Tom C、Not only Tim but also the twins D、Either Anita or Jack 8、Here _____many great trousers in the store、 A、be
主谓一致 主谓一致必须牢记的几句话： 1)就近原则neither----nor----/ either----or----/ not----but-----/not only---but also----/ or/ there be 2)就远原则with/along with/together with/ as well as/including/apart from/besides/except/but/other than/rather than 3)特殊情况：there are one or two--- One and a half Many a/more than one/each/every/no+名词单数 4) the + adj 表一类事或一类人 主谓一致练习50题 1．When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ________ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 2．Mary is one of the girls who ________ by the headmaster at the meeting. A. is praised B. are praised C. was praised D. were praised 3．Mary is the only one of the girls who ________ by the headmaster at the meeting. A. is praised B. are praised C. was praised D. were praised 4．To tell you the truth, I, as well as the students, ________ hungry. A. sure am B. am sure C. sure are D. are sure 5．All life on our planet ________, in one way or another, upon the sun. A. depend B. depending C. depends D. depended 6．Whisky and soda ________ always my favorite drink. A. is B. was C. are D. were 7．Kate as well as her sister ________ interest in studying Chinese. A. are B. take C. takes D. is 8．More than one graduate ________ sent to the hardest place since 1979. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 9．The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often ________ with the workers. A. works B. work C. is working D. are working 10．Most of the artists will go to the United States next week. The rest ________ to visit Japan. A. has B. have C. are D. is 11．His family ________ always quarrelling among ________. A. is; itself B. are; themselves C. is; themselves D. are; itself 12．Some folk ________ never ________ with the present situation. A. is; satisfying B. are; satisfied C. are; satisfying D. is; satisfied 13．On the wall ________ two large portraits of his parents. A. hangs B. hanged C. hanging D. hang 14．As the proverb says，failure ________ the mother of success. A. are B. is C. was D. were 15．Each of the students in our class ________ great interest in English and they each ________ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. A. shows; have B. have; has C. is; have D. takes; has 16．I don’t like very hot weather. Thirty degrees ________ too warm for me. A. is B. are C. was D. were 17．A number of people ________ for the delegation，but the number of economists ________ to three. A. were selected; were limited B. selected; limited C. were selected; limited D. were selected; was limited 18．—________ your clothes? —No，mine ________ hanging over there. A. Is it; is B. Are these; are C. Is it; are D. Are these; is 19．The factory，including its machines and buildings, ________ burnt last night.