【新教材】Unit 1 People of achievement 单元语法精讲练(解析版)

【新教材】2020学年高一英语新教材选择性必修第一册核心知识夯实全攻略(人教版)

Unit1 A woman of achievement

Discovering Useful Structures非限制性定语从句

一：非限制性定语从句基本概念

非限制性定语从句跟先行词的关系并不十分密切,只是做一些附加说明,不起限制作用,这类从句往往用逗号与主句分开。

John, who sells ancient vases, is an old friend of my father’s.

卖古代花瓶的约翰是我父亲的一位老朋友。

We walked down the village street, which led to the temple.

我们沿着村子的大街走去,大街通向庙宇。

有时这类从句所修饰的不是前面某一个词,而是代表整个主句所讲的内容,通常用逗号与主句分开。

He bought his mother a painting for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.

他买了一幅画作为生日礼物送给母亲,这使她非常高兴。

They are coming back to us, which means that they have got the copper sword.

他们要回到我们这儿来了,这意味着他们得到了铜剑。

二：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

(1)形式不同

限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般有逗号隔开。

She heard a terrible noise coming from the ancient tower, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到古塔里面传来一个可怕的声音,这把她的心提到了嗓子眼上。

I will never forget the days which we spent together visiting the Summer Palace.

我永远不会忘记我们一起参观颐和园的那些日子。

(2)意义不同

限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切,如果去掉从句,剩余的部分意思往往不完整,甚至失去意义;非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明,如去掉,句子剩余部分意思仍然完整。We will never forget the happy days when we rebuilt the wooden tower.

我们永远忘不了我们重修木塔的那段快乐日子。

His sister, who works in an antique shop, is coming to see him tomorrow.

他在古董店工作的姐姐明天来看他。

(3)翻译不同

翻译限制性定语从句时,一般先翻译从句,后翻译先行词;翻译非限制性定语从句时,一般先翻译先行词,后翻译从句,形成两个并列分句或其他类型的分句。

I have a son who is now studying in the USA.我有一个现在在美国学习的儿子。(可能还有儿子在别处)

I have a son, who is now studying archaeology in the university.我有一个儿子,他现在在大学学习考古学。(含有“我只有一个儿子”之意)

She is going to spend the holiday in Macao, where she will visit some places of interest.

她要到澳门去度假,在那里她将游览几处名胜。

(4)先行词不同

限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词;非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词,也可以是整个句子。

Mike sold the old house which came down from his father.(先行词是house)

迈克卖掉了从他父亲手里传下来的老房子。

Mike sold the old house, which made his father very angry.(先行词为逗号前的整个句子,即:卖房子这件事)迈克把老房子卖了,这使得他的父亲很生气。

(5)引导词不同

能引导限制性定语从句的引导词一般都能引导非限制性定语从句。但请注意:that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。

【误】They look very happy, that means that they have won the match.

【正】They look very happy, which means that they have won the match.

他们看上去很高兴,这意味着他们赢得了比赛。

(6)省略不同

引导限制性定语从句的引导词,在从句中作宾语时,在口语中常可以省略;引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省略。

Having a black hat on, Chaplin carried a stick, which he used to swing in the air.

卓别林戴着黑帽子,拿着手杖,这手杖常常在空中挥舞。

The stick (which/that) Chaplin used to swing in the air is now kept in the museum.

卓别林常常在空中挥舞的手杖现在保存在博物馆里了。

二、非限制性定语从句注意事项

1、非限制性定语从句不能用关系副词why引导,要用for which代替why

I had told the manager the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了经理，为此我没有去开会。

I had told the manager the reason why I didn't attend the meeting.我告诉了经理我不去开会的理由。（限制性性定语从句）

2非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，句中，也可以放主句后；as是“正如”之意，“which”是“这，那”之意。

As you expected, he didn't believe me. 正如你所预料的，他不相信我。

He heard a terrible noise, which brought his heart into his mouth.

他听到一个可怕的声音，这让他的心都提到嗓子眼了。

3、非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用which或whom。

He bought the car for more than $30,000, with which his mother was angry.

他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他母亲对此很生气。

There was nobody in the street, to whom she could turn for help.

街上没有一个她能寻求帮助的人。

语法配套练习

I：用适当的关系词填空。

1. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.

2. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.

3. The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.

4. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

5. The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

6. I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.