大学英语四级讲义 reading in depth

在确定一篇文章的主题思想时，我们通常用 快读的方法，从头到尾将文章浏览一遍，注 意不要被个别词、句难住而停下来。要从上 下文的连贯意思上来理解文章阐述的内容， 以及有关这个主题我们了解了什么。这样， 就可以比较有把握的概括出主题思想了。
细节事实题

从微观上了解短文透露的具体信息，如时间、 地点、人物、物体、性格、特征、长度、距 离、过程、原因、条件、结果等。反映在考 题上，就是具体情境题，即对文中具体事实 和细节（fact and details）进行提问。有时候， 这类题目会进一步演化为是非判断题（true or false），考察学生一定的判别、排除以及 记忆能力。
细节事实题 命题规律

（1）列举处常考 列举处指的是 First,..., Second,..., Third,..., 等并列关系词出现的部分。要求考生从列举 出的内容中,选出符合题干要求的答案项。列 举方式有时不用数字排序, 而是采取句式排比 的方式进行。
细节事实题 命题规律

（2）举例与打比方的地方常考 为了使自己的观点更具有说服力，更加明 确，作者常以具体的例子来佐证。这些例子 或比喻常会成为考点，因此考生应对那些引 出这些例子或比喻的标志词加以注意。这类 词很多，常见的有as, such, for example, for instance, in a case, in point 等。

Reading in Depth
题型： 主旨大意题 细节事实题 词汇题 推理判断题 观点态度题
主旨大意题
主旨就是主题思想，主旨大意题的目的在于 考查考生对所给材料全文或某个段落中心思 想的理解、概括能力。 主旨大意题主要包括： 确定文章的主题（theme或topic）； 总结文章或段落大意（main idea）； 以及给出适合的标题（title）。
细节事实题 命题规律
（3）（指示）代词出现处常考 这类考题，常用来考查考生是否真正理解 上下文之间的句际关系和意义。 （4）引用人物论断处常考 作者为正确表达自己观点或使论点更有依 据,常会引用某些权威人士的论断或采纳其重 要发现等。命题者常在此处做文章。

细节事实题 命题规律

（5）特殊标点符号后的内容常考 由于特殊标点符号后的内容常是对前面内 容的进一步解释和说明， 因此命题者常对标 点符号后的内容进行提问。具体说，特殊标 点符号包括：破折号（表解释），括号（表 解释），冒号（表解释），引号（表引用）。

For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention.




There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then the price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A. Economic Principles B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices
解题关键
（1）找出具有归纳、概括的信息 Directions: Choose the most general word.

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A. chemist B. physicist C. scientist D. biologist
解题关键
（1）找出具有归纳、概括的信息 Directions: Choose the most general sentence. A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. B. There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Golden Bay Inn. C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D. There are a number of extra services at the Golden Bay Inn including babysitting.
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Reading
解题步骤
（1）快速阅读文章后的4-5道题目，并将题 目中的关键词（一般为实词，并且含有重要 信息）用笔标注下来。这样做的目的有两个： 一是以获得奖要阅读的文章的大概意思，二 是为解题做好准备。 （2）一边阅读一边划出文章中的含有重要信 息的词、短语或句子。 （3）解题时首先根据其提问方式判断当前的 题目属于那种题型，然后用不同的方法解不 同的题目。

Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. Not one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.
解题关键
（2）主题思想应能恰如其分的概括文中所阐述 的内容。 主题思想的涵盖面不能太窄，即：不足以概括 全部内容；但是主题思想的涵盖面也不能太 宽，即：包含了文中没有阐述的内容。 主旨大意题的另一种形式是为短文选择合适的 标题 。



According to legend, the gods of the ancient Greeks lived in the clouds on the top of Mount Olympus. Zeus, the father of the gods, carried a bolt of lightning in his hand and ruled like an earthly king. Apollo was the sun god and his beams were golden arrows; he shielded the flocks of sheep and the fields of grain. Athena was the warrior goddess, standing in shining armor ready to protect the Greek cities. There were other gods as well, all with familiar human characteristics, but these were the leading gods. A. The Gods of the Ancient Greeks B. The Legend of the Sky God Zeus C. Beliefs of the Ancient Greeks D. Religions of the Past
细节事实题 出题类型
（3）填空题 通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节，但涉及 的范围比错误判断题要广。 The real cause is __________. According to the author, the techniques can be used to __________. The author states that __________. The experiment shows that Mr. X expects (hopes, wishes) __________. Mr. X expects (hopes, wishes) __________
解题关键
（3）注意文章的开头和结尾 一段文章的主题思想常常由主题句（Topic Sentence）表达。主题句常常位于段首或段 尾处，间或出现在段落中间。同样，一篇文 章的主题思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。


English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world‟s radio programs are in English.
细节事实题 出题类型
（1）特殊疑问句 以what, who, when, how, where等引导的问题 A. What do we know about...? B. Why is (are)…? C. How many (much)…in this article? D. In what year…? E. In what way…? F. According to the passage, who (what, where, when)…?

主旨大意题 解题技巧
（1）所选的选项应能概括全文的中心思想，不 能只是概括某一段或某几段的主题的选项。 （2）所选的选项应准确，即：不能有任何违背 原文的地方。 （3）尽量避免选择有绝对词的选项。 如all, completely, only, almost, absolutely, definitely等 （4）仔细比较意义相近的选项中词义的细微差 别。
细节事实题 出题类型
（2）正误判断题 通常询问文章中所述的事情是否真实，某种提法是否正确 或文章（作者）是否提及某事。 Which of the following statements is (not) true? Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the article? Which of the following does not explain…? Which of the following statements is wrong according to the author? Which of the following is NOT listed as…? All of the following are true except…? The author mentions all of the items listed below except…? The author (passage) does not tell us…?