1.构词法

1.英语构词法Word-formation

2017.7.15 路晓

对阅读、完形、改错、书面表达的考查无不转化为词汇的考查，为了有目的、有计划地学习单词，需要分析构词法学习词汇 一.派生法--词根+前缀后缀=新词

由派生法产生的新词称之为派生词(derivation). 派生词是英语词汇的主体.

加前缀 re+dis+cover == rediscover (再次发现)（be covered with/by, discovery and exploration ）

加后缀 act+or =actor(演员) actress take action to do – active-actively-activity

加前后缀

un+friend+ly ==unfriendly (不友好) （be friendly to,friendship,schlarship,relationship

一、常见前缀----前缀:一般只改变词义

1.否定意义的前缀

un- unable, unhappy, unlike (adj) unemployment 失业 unwillingly unfailingly

dis- appear 出现→disappear 消失 dislike, disable, discourage, disadvantage (造句) V . displaced adj. 无家可归的2017

(have an advantage over sth,take advantage of =make ful use of=make the most of ) in-, il, im, ir- possible →impossible correct →incorrect

incapable, illegal,ilrregular 不规则的 illcooked. (it is legal to do)

ne-, n- stop 停下→non-stop 不停 none, neither, never

non- nonsmoker. nonsense (make sense,sensible,be sensitive to ) mis- lead 带领→mislead 领错mistake, misunderstand ,

2.表空间位置,方向的前缀

under- =below underground,underwater ,underline--outline

sub- =under subway,subwater,subcompany , 人际关系,人际的

inter- =between internet, international, interchangeable ，interaction 交往2017 interpersonal2014 3.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀

extra- “超越，额外” extraordinary(造句)

over- “超过，过分”oversleep ,overeat,overtime 。 super- “超过” superstar,supermarket 4. pre-(准备，之前)

preview ，preschool 学龄前的prehistory 史前 predict 预报 fore (foretell. forecast) 5. re-三方面意义：

1)．"回或向后"：return （回来）recall （回忆）reward （回报报酬）

2)．"再、重复"：review ，recover 康复，reconsider ，reconstruction ，recycle reuse retire 2016recontextulization2017回归语境 3)．"相反、反对"：rebel （反叛）reverse 反转resist （抵抗）

6. a-- 形容词﹑副词 asleep, awake,abroad(出国)(go aboard 上飞机) broaden your view trans- 移上，转上 translate, transform (transform into)transplant ,transport, transportation tele- telescope,telephone (change into turn into) 二、常见后缀---后缀:一般只改变词性 1.名词后缀

(1) –er “某职业的人Employer.worker,writer,waiter, banker,某地区的人villager, Londoner. ((2) –or,“…者” actor, inventor (地位较高人是or)

(3)-ee, "动作承受者"employee 雇员,trainee 受训者, examinee,interviewee (地位低下用ee) (4)-eer, "从事于…人" engineer, volunteer(volunteer to do)

(5) –ist , artist,pianist, scientist, socialist 社会主义者(socialism) typist, violinist,-- musician, (6)er 或or 结尾的表示物品的单词----

er--cooker 炊具typewriter 打字机washer 洗衣机,,heater 加热器, shaver ，locker 带锁的柜子2017

or--tractor 拖拉机, detector 探测器(侦探.警官是detective)

7)--ment 性质,状态 arguement,agreement, acheivement(造句) agree to,disagree with,come to an agreement Acheive my goal, it is a great acheivement.

--ness 性质, 状态 Newness2017, raise awareness of ,Business,illness,wilderness,blindness,deafness

willingness, be willing to ，unwilling ，where there is a will,there is a way

--tion 动作,过程,结果 Suggestion （建—虚拟语气-should+V ）,education(造句) educated 2. 动词后缀

1)-ize, ise,"做成,变成”modernize,organize, summarize v.(summary)总结industrialize.v.(industry)(使)工业化 2)-en, "使成为,引起” quicken, shorten,loosen,fasten,broaden your view,widen2017,tighten,deepen

Strengthen-strong-strength,Sharpen-sharpener-sharp,

(giving them a closer relationship =Strengthen the family ties 2016 B)

Enable,enlarge,enjoy, encourage

(courage-encourage sb to do-encouragement--discourage sb from doing)

3)-fy, "…化, 成”beautify, terrify,horrify (造句), identify, identity, identification (UFO) (ID card) 4)-ish, "使，令” establish ,abolish 废除finish 完成distinguish 辨别 3.形容词后缀

1)-ful, “充分的” wonderful, grateful,helpful,delightful, doubtfull,stressful,powerful,peacefu l(mouthful 一口,handful 一把,量词) I will be grateful if ....=Iwould be appreciate it if...

1) -ed 结尾的形容词(如ashamed,delighted,excited,frightened,interested,moved,pleased,surprised,worried 等)通常说明人,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那也是与该事物相关的人.如：He had a pleased smile on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑.

以-ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting,exciting,frightening,interesting,moving,surprising,worrying 等)主要说明事物,表事物的性质或特征,若说明人,则此人有此性质或特征.如The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣.

2)-ous, delicious,curious(curiosity)，dangerous, cautious(caution) 谨慎obvious,precious 珍贵的serious, humorous 幽默的

harmonious 和谐previous 以前的numerous 众多nervous,

3)ly-, friendly, lively, lonely ,deadly 致命的--a deadly blow 致命一击 silly

orderly

秩序的 daily 每日的---daily work 日常工作weekly 每星期的4) -able, uncomfortable (造句), valuable ，reasonable ，adjustable, possible,5)-some,awesome,troublesome,handsome

6) -tive(能力) active,productive(2015 C 篇), attractive, ,negative 否定的作名词的：initiative 进取心,detective 侦探,n egative 否定回答,native 本地人 7) -ish, foolish, selfish,girlish childlish

8) –less homeless helpless useless selfless meaningless careless speechless 4. 副词后缀

1)-ly, regularly, possibly, simply,firmly,slowly,quickly, carefully ,hardly,rarely, 2)-ward, downward, backwards,afterwards, forward

(put forward 造句) (look forward to doing)

3)-wise, 在…位置,以…方式。如:otherwise ,clockwise(顺时针地), profitwise(从利润来看（一）. Guess the meaning

. 1.______Don’t misunderstand me, I’m only trying to help.

. 2.______ In many cases, the words “fiction” and “novel” are interchangeable. . 3.______People like to take the subway

4.______ He looks tired because he has been working overtime all week.

(1)合成名词 highway breakout, breakthrough, outcome2017 input output (2)合成形容词 hand-made ,well-known,world-famous ,hardworking, heartbreaking2017