浅谈电动机保护器的保护原理及应用
摘要：电动机保护器作为拖动系统中的重要组成部分，对电动机的起动和运行中保护起着至关重要的作用。本文分析了电动机保护器保护及构成原理，并阐述了电动机保护器在发展过程中的应用及选择原则。
Abstract: the motor protector as an important part of drag system, starting and running of motor protection plays an important role. Motor protector to protect and composition principle are analyzed in this paper, and expounds the motor protector the application and selection principles in the development process.
关键词：电动机；保护器；保护原理；应用
Key words: electric motor; The protector; Protection principle; application
一、引言
First, the introduction
电动机是当前应用最广泛的动力设备，是其他机电设备的动力源泉，电动机正常的输出是其驱动的机电设备正常工作的前提，如今已被广泛应用于工农业、交通运输、国防等领域。电动机所带的负载种类繁多，且往往是整个设备中的关键部分，因而确保电动机的正常运行就显得十分重要。电动机保护器（电机保护器）是发电、供电、用电系统的重要器件，是跨行业、量大面广、节能效果显著的节能机电产品
//
[1]。电动机保护器的作用是给电机全面的保护控制，在电机出现过流、欠流、断相、堵转、短路、过压、欠压、漏电、三相不平衡、过热、接地、轴承磨损、定转子偏心时、绕组老化予以报警或保护控制。如今电动机保护器几乎渗透到所有用电领域，在国民经济和节能事业中有着不可替代的重要地位和作用。
Is currently the most widely used electric motor power equipment, is other mechanical and electrical equipment power source, the output of the motor is normal is the precondition of its driving mechanical and electrical equipment normal work, now has been widely used in industry and agriculture, transportation, national defense and other fields. Motor with the load range, and is often a key part of the entire device, thus ensure the normal running of electric motor becomes very important. Motor protector, motor protector) is one of the important device, power generation, power supply and utilization system, is a cross-industry, enormous quantity wide, energy-saving effect is remarkable energy-saving mechanical and electrical products [1]. Motor protector role is of comprehensive protection for motor control, the motor show flow, owe flow, phase failure, locked-rotor, short circuit, overvoltage, undervoltage, electric leakage, three-phase unbalance, overheating, grounding, bearing wear, or when the rotor eccentricity, winding aging give alarm or protection control. Motor protector now
/ /
permeates nearly all areas of electricity in the national economy and energy saving has irreplaceable important position and role. 二、电动机保护器的保护原理与构成
Second, the protection principle and the composing of the motor protector
对电动机来说，其故障形式从机械角度可以分为绕组损坏和轴承损坏两方面。造成绕组损坏的主要原因有：1.电动机长时间的电、热、机械和化学作用下，绕组的绝缘老化损坏，定转子绕组匝间短路或是对地短路。2.电网供电质量差，电源电压三相不平衡、电压波动大、电网电压波形畸变、高次谐波严重或者电动机断相运行。3.电源电压过低使得电动机启动转矩不够，电动机不能顺利启动或者是在短时间内重复启动，电动机长时间承受过大的启动电流导致电机过热。4.因机械故障或其它原因造成电动机转子堵转。5.某些大型电机冷却系统故障或是长时间工作在高温高湿环境下造成电机故障。
For motor, the fault forms from the mechanical point of view can be divided into two aspects of winding damage and bearing damage. Winding damage of the main reasons are: 1. The electric machine long time under the action of electrical, thermal, mechanical and chemical, winding insulation aging damage of stator winding interturn short circuit or to ground short circuit. 2. Poor quality of power supply, three-phase voltage unbalance, voltage fluctuation, voltage waveform distortion, high order harmonic serious or motor
