2020考研英语:翻译精读句式解析.doc
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考研英语词汇:acquisition的翻译解析考研英语有许多题目组成,方便大家及时了解,下面由我为你精心准备了“考研英语词汇:acquisition的翻译解析”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!考研英语词汇:acquisition的翻译解析acquisition怎么翻译及发音名词1.不可数名词:(知识、技能等的)获得,得到2.可数名词:(多指贵重的)购得物3.[C,U]【商】购置物收购的公司购置的产业购置收购英语解释an ability that has been acquired by trainingsomething acquiredthe act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of somethingthe cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge例句"Cheaper, Faster, Better. Commercial Approaches to Weapons Acquisition"价格更便宜,速度更快,性能和质量更好。
武器采购的商业途径相似短语language acquisition语言习得,掌握语言acquisition cost取得成本acquisition phase采购阶段acquisition process获取过程skill acquisition技巧获取acquisition of chunks【计】知识块获取derivative acquisition【法】传来取得, 继承取得acquisition for value有偿取得means of acquisition营利手段assets acquisition资产收购简称A.A.,又称purchase of assets.指企业得以支付现金、实物、有价证券、劳务或以债务免除的方式,有选择性的收购对方公司的全部或一部资产。
2020考研英语:翻译失分原因分析八考研英语有许多题目组成,方便大家及时了解,下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语:翻译失分原因分析八”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!2020考研英语:翻译失分原因分析八不明词性误译首先,我们来看这样三个句子:(1) All members of the party were dead against the war.(2) He thought that directly directors of the company confidence in the chief executive officer declined, the financial structure would be in danger.(3)With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem but can be solved in a few hours.在第一个句子中,翻译的关键在于对dead词性的理解,如果看作是形容词,这个句子就会被误译为“全体党员都因反对战争死了”。
而在这个句子中,dead一词应该从副词词性来理解。
事实上,这里的dead是副词,修饰限定介词短语against the war,意思是“完全地”,可译为“坚决”,而be against the war 才是真正的系表结构。
因此大家可以来对比一下正确的译法:全体党员都坚决反对这场战争。
在第二个句子中,我们首先来对比一下这个翻译:(1)误译:他认为,董事对首席执行官信心的直接下降,财政结构就会出现危机。
(2)正译:他认为,一旦董事会对首席执行官的信心下降,公司的财政结构就会出现危机。
对比这两个句子的翻译,我么不难发现这个句子翻译的难点就在于directly词性的理解,如果看作副词修饰declined,也有可能。
2020年考研英语复习指导:翻译如何准备考研翻译?答:翻译总体来看,是考研英语中最难的部分。
说它最难,主要是因为翻译考察的内容和要求最多、。
该部分需考察单词、语法等基本问题,还有句子结构分析、英语背景知识和中文水平。
对考生的要求,所以翻译的分数不好拿。
翻译其实是从属于阅读理解的,因为翻译题目是从阅读理解中摘取的,而这些句子的选择通常是带有从句的长难句,通常也是理解文章大意的关键句子。
从近些年的真题中命题者有一个非常明显的趋势,就是增大了复杂句子结构和文章的考察力度。
这体现在各部分的题型当中,尤其以英译汉部分最为明显。
所以,欲得高分的考生应该把更多的精力放在文章长难句和段落逻辑结构的把握上,再加上一定的应试技巧和策略,才能在考研英语中取得高分。
翻译的过程有哪些?答:分为三个过程:一是理解。
也就是说要理解句子中的词汇、短语。
二是表达,表达是理解的结果。
影响表达的因素有译者对英语原文理解的深度、译者自身汉语修养的水准、译者对英汉两种语言文化的掌握水准,译者尽量摆脱原文束缚。
三是校对、检查。
这步要求比照英语原文和汉语译文检查句子是否准确、通顺。
翻译的核心策略:答:翻译核心策略有两个——拆分和组合。
第一,理解英语原文,拆分语法结构。
因为英语语言具有形合特点,就是说英语句子无论多么复杂,都是通过一些语法手段和逻辑手段连接起来的,翻译前要先通读句子,注意一边读一边拆分句子结构:主句和从句拆分,主干部分和修饰部分拆分。
第二,改变原文顺序,组合汉语译文。
根据汉语习惯来安排翻译顺序,确保翻译准确、通顺、流畅。
这是翻译基本的策略,另外还有一些具体的操作策略,比如语法翻译法、句法翻译法,在此就不再详述,同学们可参考唐老师课程。
翻译临场技巧:答:(1)、只分析划线部分考场上时间不充裕时,在整体理解全文意思的基础上,重点分析划线部分的结构和意义。
首先,划线部分的句子结构一般来说都比较复杂,如果搞不清楚它的语法结构,代词和所指代的意义。
考研英语精典长难句破解及翻译考研翻译的命题体系其考察的对象主要是考生的语法分析能力、词汇理解能力、中文表达能力和对上下文关联内容的定位判断能力。
另一方面,鉴于考研翻译的命题形式,考生的理解难点主要集中在对对立句式的分析、理解和翻译,而并非是对上下文关系和内容的把握。
考研翻译的评分标准和应对策略1.如果句子译文扭曲原文的意思,该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。
2.如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法,若均正确,给分;若其中一种译法错误,不给分。
3.汉语错别字不个别扣分,按整篇累计扣分。
在不影响意思的前提下,三个错别字扣0.5分。
从以上评分标准并结合考研翻译的历年大纲评分来看,考研翻译的评分主要是评价考生正确理解句子并通顺译为中文的能力,因而解题策略应是正确破解句子,往往是复杂句的句式结构,而后按照一些基本的翻译原则组织语言并完成译文。
学习目标:准确理解文章的中心思想;正确分析结构较复杂的句型。
复习方法:注重词汇在句子中的确切含义,学会词汇在具体语境中的引申义;以语句解析为指导,理清全句结构,分析并总结句子结构和含义;对照参考译文,比较自己译文与参考答案的用词差别,做到准确、通顺、完整。
一、语篇层次上遵循两大翻译原则直译意译互动原则译文必须忠实于整篇原文(直译),但同时又不完全拘泥于原文(意译)。
译者要以直译作为准确理解原文意思的前提,把原文意译出来。
转译导入原则译文必须符合汉语的正确表达习惯。
译者要准确“传达”整篇原文的内容,就须用正确、通顺、明了的汉语句式及词语把原文中的部分语义转译出来。
换言之,要丢掉洋腔洋调,利用转译导入地道、通顺的汉语表达。
根据以上两大原则,考研英译汉过程是一个动态的认知心理过程,包括一系列的问题求解步骤:心理直译----书面意译----局部转译。
第一步,直译。
顺着字面的内容向后作内省式的心理直译,把复合句或复杂句分解成简单句(simple sentences)、小句(clauses)或词组(phrases).第二步,意译。
(全)考研英语:长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结考研英语:长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结真题实战His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.结构分析这个句⼦是⼀个复合句,主句部分是His function is analogous to that of a judge。
其后who must accept the obligation 是⼀个定语从句。
obligation 后⾯的of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision的难点是in as obvious a manner as possible,这段状语的位置有点乱放,⽤改放到句末去,也就是说这段的顺序是of revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。
词汇释义function n. 作⽤,职责analogous a. 相似的,类似的judge n. 法官,裁判员obligation n. 义务,责任reveal v. 揭露,显露拆分翻译His function is analogous to that of a judge,/ /他的职责与法官相似who must accept the obligation / /必须承担这样的责任of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning/ /以⼀种尽可能清楚明⽩的⽅式来展⽰推理的过程which led him to his decision.导致他做出决定参考译⽂他的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任:⽤尽可能清楚明⽩的⽅式来展⽰⾃⼰做出决定的推理过程。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. In other words , there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.结构:•In other words , there is [谓] a conventional story line [主] in the newsroom culture [状]•定语从句:that provides [谓] a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure [宾] for otherwise confusing news [状] .单词:conventional a.传统的常见的惯例的符合习俗的Story n.叙述新闻报道情况史话Line n.方针原则方法概况思路newsroom n.新闻编辑部Backbone n.主干支柱脊骨骨气Ready-made a.现成的做好的陈旧的平凡的Narrative n.故事叙事记叙Otherwise ad.否则除此之外以不同方式相反Confuse vt.使混乱迷惑混淆困惑复杂化词组:In other words 换句话说直译:换句话说,在新闻编辑部文化中有一个传统的新闻报道方针。
它提供了一个框架和一个现成的叙事结构,给复杂的新闻解析:•There be句型是全部倒装,真正的主语在后面•that引导定语从句修饰story line 并在句子中做主语译文:换句话说,在新闻编辑部文化中有一个传统的新闻报道方针。
这个方针给复杂的新闻提供了一个主干框架和一个现成的叙事结构重点:•Story n.叙述新闻报道情况史话•Line n.方针原则方法概况思路•There be句型是全部倒装,真正的主语在后面•that引导定语从句修饰story line 并在句子中做主语2. There exists a social culture disconnect between journalists and their readers , which helps explain why the “ standard templates ”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers .结构:•There [主] exists [谓] a social and culture disconnect [宾] between journalists and their readers ,•定语从句:which helps explain [谓]•宾语从句:why the “ standard templates ”of the newsroom seem [谓] alien to many readers [表] .单词:Disconnect vt.断开切断供应是分离Alien n.外星人外国人a.外国的陌生的vt.转让词组:Alien to 不相容的与...相反陌生的直译:在新闻记者和读者之间存在社会和文化上的脱节,这也有助于解释了为什么新闻编辑部的标准模式似乎对很多读者来说是不相容的。
考研英语长难句重点难点解析含译文翻译But meals were nicer; and as for sweets, I won't tell you how cheap and good they were, because it would only make your mouth water in vain.不过,膳食要好一些;至于糖果嘛,我不想告诉你那有多便宜、多好吃,因为那只能使你白白地流口水。
--《纳尼亚传奇》"流口水"-- make your mouth water, "白白地流口水"-- make your mouth water in vain.我们来用这两个短语仿写几个句子:The smell of the cooked fish made my mouth water.做好的鱼那味道把我馋得直流口水。
Does it make your mouth water?馋得口水都留出来了吧?再来学习vain这个单词,它有"徒劳的,自负的,虚荣的"意思:I think he is shallow, vain and untrustworthy.我认为他浅薄虚荣,不可信任。
Police searched in vain for the missing gunman.警方搜寻失踪的持枪歹徒,但毫无结果。
She closed her eyes tightly in a vain attempt to hold back the tears.她紧紧地闭上眼睛,想忍住眼泪,但眼泪还是禁不住往下流。
All our efforts were in vain.我们所有的努力都白费了。
Have you been taking my name in vain again?你又在滥用我的名义吧?Are you going to take the name of the Lord in vain when you do?你这么做,打算让他们骂你吗?"Adventure is out there!" Muntz exclaimed into the camera. He lowered his goggles over his eyes and gave a thumbs-up."探险就要开始了!"蒙兹对着镜头欢呼道。
2020考研英语:名词性语法内容解析(4)考研英语有许多题目组成,方便大家及时了解,下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语:名词性语法内容解析(4)”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!2020考研英语:名词性语法内容解析(4)分析我们先看下这个句子:The notion is that people failed to detect massive changes.这句话是选自于考研英语中的2007年第三篇阅读。
我们看到一个句子后,首先要从以下方面进行思考:它的重要动词是什么?这个句子中包含了一个怎样的从句?判断依据又是什么?这个句子中是否包含了名词性的元素内容?是否具有从句的特征?在仔细分析之后,小伙伴们可以发现,就这个句子而言,is是重要动词,也是系,主语是the notion,它是“概念,观念”的意思,再加上一个表语,它们一起构成了主细表的结构。
而在表语的位置出现了that引导词和fail动词,据此我们可以判断这里是一个从句,而且它还占据了表语的位置,换句话说,这里是用从句来代替名词,充当表语,那我们可以称其为表语从句。
翻译技巧从翻译的角度讲,表语从句是在系动词之后出现,符合我们中文中从前往后表达的规则,因此我们翻译的时候顺译就可以了。
那这句话该如何翻译呢?“观念是人们失败于发现大量的变化?”这不符合中文表达习惯。
想要正确翻译,关键在于将fail to进行精准翻译。
事实上,fail和to同时出现,就等于是一个否定符号,可以理解成“不”的含义。
我们可将这句话翻译为:观念是人们没有发现大量的变化。
因此,我们可以总结出来:如果在句子的系动词之后出现了一个从句,且是“wh-/that+动词”的形式,我们就可以判断其为表语从句。
在翻译的时候,可以和名词性从句一样,采用顺译的方法。
如果是由that引导的名词性从句,由于that还可引导宾语从句和定语从句,我们就可以从三个维度:成分、含义、省略来判断。
题目:2020年考研英语(一)阅读 text 4精读精讲一、文章背景介绍2020年考研英语(一)试卷中的阅读部分包含了多篇文章,其中的text 4是考查考生阅读理解能力的重要部分。
text 4通常会涉及一些社会热点话题或者学术性较强的文章,考生在备考时需要对该文章进行精读精讲,掌握其中的语言知识和阅读技巧。
二、文章内容解析1.文章主题text 4的主题通常会涉及社会、政治、文化等方面的内容,对考生的综合能力提出了一定的要求。
考生需要通过对文章的理解和分析,把握文章的中心思想,理清文中的脉络,找出文章的主题是什么,作者想要表达的观点是什么。
2.文章结构文章的结构是文章理解的关键,它决定了考生在阅读时应该如何去理解文章的脉络和逻辑关系。
一般来说,文章的结构可以分为引子、主体和结论三部分。
引子部分主要是引出文章的主题,主体部分是对主题的展开和阐释,结论部分是对整篇文章做一个总结和概括。
在阅读text 4时,考生需要注意文章的结构,做好结构分析。
3.文章语言考研英语text 4的语言较为严谨,使用了大量的学术性表达和复杂的句型结构。
考生需要通过精读精讲,掌握文章中的重点词汇和句式,增加自己的词汇量和语言表达能力。
三、文章解读技巧1.注重细节在阅读text 4时,考生需要注重文章中的细节,通过细节提取能够更好地理解文章的主旨,加深对文章的理解。
2.善用语境在阅读时,考生需要善用语境,通过上下文的逻辑关系来理解文章中的难句,增加阅读的效率。
3.多角度分析阅读text 4时,考生需要通过多角度的分析来解读文章,从不同的角度去理解文章,找出文章中的深层含义。
四、文章解读步骤1.预读在开始阅读text 4之前,考生需要先对文章进行预读,把握文章的主题和结构,增加对文章的整体把握。
2.精读精讲考生需要对文章进行精读精讲,理清文章的逻辑思路,找出文章的重点和难点。
3.总结归纳精读完毕后,考生需要对文章进行总结归纳,把握文章的关键信息,做好笔记和归纳。
考研英语:翻译真题精讲(1)一、全真试题The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting,classifying,assigning,or promoting students,employees,and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books,magazines,the daily press,and even in Congress.(71)The target is wrong,for in attacking the tests,critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools,with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable,meaningless,or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades,research productivity,sales records,or whatever is appropriate.(72)How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned,the skills he has developed,or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has,qualitatively,the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.(73)Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both in a particular situation depends,therefore,upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.(74)In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated cannot be well defined. Properly used,they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized,but there are many things they do not do.(75)For example,they do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.二、翻译题解(71)The targetiswrong,forin attacking the tests, criticsdivertattention from the faultthatlies withill-informed or incompetent users.句子拆分:拆分点参考:标点符号,从属连词The target is wrong, //for in attacking the tests, //critics divert attention from the fault //that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.解析:(1)句子的主干为The target is wrong;后面跟了个for引导的状语从句。
2020考研英语:翻译精读句式解析
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2020考研英语:翻译精读句式解析
1. leave sb. the choice of … or … 要么…,要么… (选择类典型句)
Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.
敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠,我们要么顽强抵抗,要么屈膝投降。
The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.
年过三十,要么成婚,要么单身。
2. be the instrument of sth. 引来某事物的人或事 (使动类典型句)
If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings.
能够让你幸福,我愿意付出我的一切。
3. it was the memory / memories of 追溯到… (回忆类典型句)
Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations' development.
追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办的奥运会,可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转折点。
It was the memory of 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered from the attacks of atomic bomb, from which originated the term of "Zero Ground".
追溯到1945年广岛和长崎遭受原子弹攻击,从而形成了"零地带"这个术语。
4. on the premise / ground / prerequisite / proposition / hypothesis / presuposition that 基于一个前提… (假设类典型句) The Chinese declared to implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China.
中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时,是基于一个前提,即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国,台湾是中国的一部分。
Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall.
对投资者的建议是以利率会继续下跌为根据的。
5. be bound to 定…一定… (意愿类典型句)
The Great Western Development is bound to be a bridge between China and the rest world, promoting the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world at large.
西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁,促进中国和世界经济共同发展,共同繁荣。
Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression.
正义战争然要战胜侵略战争。
6. a matter of sth./doing sth. 与…有关的情况或问题 (描述类典型句)
Considering the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. "Eventually, being 'poor' won't be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills."
请思考一下同一个人现在及八年前说的话。
"说到底,'贫穷'与其说是生活在贫穷的国家里,还不如说是技艺不精。
"
Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.
处理这些问题全凭经验。
7. This is the similar case with/when 这恰如正如也会 (比较类典型句)
This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap our hands in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozart's musical pieces.
这恰如我们虽然看不懂莫扎特乐曲的总谱,却照样能同它的主旋律产生共鸣,击节称赞。
除此以外,老百姓的服务性消费,如教育,信息,旅游等消费也会大量增长。
Besides, this is also the case with the citizen's expenditure such as education, information, traveling.
8. be exemplified by 这一点也证明了…这点反映在以下事实:… (举例类典型句)
This American desire to keep the children's world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident.
如果父母在事故中丧生,人们总是晚些时候才告诉孩子们,这一点也证实了美国人想把儿童的世界和成人的世界隔离开的愿望。
(美国人想把儿童和成人的世界划清界限,这一愿望还反映在以下事实:如果父母在事故中丧生,人们总是设法晚点将消息告诉他们的子女。
)
9. constitute… (不用于进行式)是认为 (判断类典型句)
History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship.
历史说明,中美之间建立在平等互利基础上的劳动分工是最为合理和实用的国际关系。
My decision does not constitute a precedent.
我的决定不应视为先例。
The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy.
这一失败是我们外交上的一次较大的挫折。
10. witness… 见证… (发生类典型句)
a time or event witnesses sth./sb. in a particular situation or doing a particular thing.
经过二十多年的快速发展,中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础,社会保持稳定,市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善,为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。
The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China
在下一轮的会谈中,我们将宣布中东地区永久停火协议,对此我抱有乐观态度并充满希望。
I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East.。