2020高考英语 第三部分 写作层级训练 第二步第四讲 以“纲”悟“意”,洞察提纲类写作(讲解)
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2020届浙江省新高考高三英语作文“内容概要”模拟练习(九)写作指导一、概写原文二、概写步骤第一步:通读理解全文,了解文章结构,明确各段落之间的逻辑关系,提取全文中心词(尤其是名词与动词)。
第二步:细读原文,划出各段的主题句与关键词,关键词以动词与名词为主,涵盖段落全部要点与次要点。
第三步:根据所划内容,结合理解,重新组织语言。
可用中文概括出段落大意,然后用一句话翻译出来。
第四步:通读修改。
修改是一个重要的环节,要考虑连接词的使用;高级词汇的替换;句式的多样;语法是否正确以及字数的多少。
第五步:用自信衡水体抄到试卷上,力求清楚美观。
三、分段概括关键词句已在原文标出,结合理解,用中文概括出一句话并译成英文。
❶如今,美国青少年更喜欢与同龄人交往而不是与年少的儿童或者是成年人交往。
Nowadays, adolescents in America prefer to interact with their peers rather than younger children or adults.❷这一趋势主要有三个原因:首先,工业化导致了职业的变化以及更多的职业女性,这使得该现象不可避免。
This trend is mainly due to three factors. Firstly, industrialization led to changes in the workplace and more working mothers, which made the phenomenon inevitable.❸其二,学校改革也导致了他们很少与儿童交往。
Secondly, school reform has resulted in little contact with younger children.❹此外,青少年人数的增长导致同龄文化的出现。
Additionally, the growing adolescent population accounts for the appearance of peer culture.❺然而,研究对青少年花更多时间与同龄人在一起持积极的态度。
第一步循序渐进,提升写作技能李仕才第一讲短小精悍的简单句英语中最重要、最基本的句式有五种,复杂的句子结构都是这些基本句型的扩展和延伸。
因此,加强对五种基本句型的学习是写作的基础,也是提高英语写作水平的前提。
除了系动词be外,还有一些动词是系动词:表感官的动词(feel,smell,taste,sound等),表“像”的动词(look,appear,seem等),表状态变化的动词(become,get,grow,turn,go等),表延续的动词(remain,keep,hold,stay等)。
作表语的通常是名词、形容词、不定式、介词短语或从句。
1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词作表语)2.Gradually he became silent.(形容词作表语)3.She remained standing for an hour.(现在分词作表语)4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词作表语)5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语作表语)6.The television was on.(副词作表语)7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式作表语)8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词作表语)9.The question is what you want to do.(从句作表语,即:表语从句)[名师点津] 在下面的句子中,形容词作表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。
1.I’m happy to meet you.2.They are willing to help.3.We are determined to follow his example.这种句型中的动词(短语)大多是不及物动词,这类动词(短语)常见的有:take place,happen,break out,appear,disappear,apologize,arrive,go,come,die,count,matter,fall,rise等。
2020高考英语作文高分技巧:议论文三段式随着越来越多的省市进行自主命题,开放式、半开放式愈加受到青睐。
因为此种题型可以更准确地考查考生是否能使用英语准确表达自己的观点,充分体现了对实际解决问题的能力的考查。
此类作文多为议论文性质,所以议论文的写作显得愈加重要根据议论文的特点,最好采用三段式论证法,第一段提出问题(总写),即主题段,陈述自己的观点;第二段用论据进行正反两个方面的论证(分写),即拓展段,摆出支撑论点的论据;第三段得出相应的结论(总写),为总结段,总结自己的观点。
类似中文里(总——分——总)的写法。
这种写法可以使文章层次分明,结构清晰。
1.在议论文三段式里,首先要写好开头,好的开头是成功的一半。
开头写得好,会给阅卷者留下美好的印象,有吸引力。
任何一篇文章都应该做到主题鲜明,中心突出,提出论点要开门见山,紧扣题目。
高考作文篇幅短小,因此开头不能冗长拖沓,务必要点题,即说清楚文章的人物、事件和作者的观点。
2.要深化中间段。
中意部分是文章的主体,需要用具体的事例、细节来阐释主题句,因此中意的部分应该是具体的、详细的,不可泛泛而谈或点到即止,安需要围绕主题句的内容而展开,不能谈论与之无关的东西,即论述主题要具体而又有说服力。
常用方法有:比较法、举例法、归纳法、推理法、对照法和驳论法。
3.把好结尾关,避免虎头蛇尾,使结尾缺乏力量。
好的结尾会深化主题,进一步强化阅卷老师的良好印象。
文章最后可以回到开头提出的中心思想上,达到再次肯定强调的效果;或者引用或总结全文,即言简赅又有较强的说明力;也可用几句话概括全文的内容,并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。
4.注意一些关联词的使用,使文章更连贯顺畅、条理清晰。
表因果的:as, as a result, because of, for, due to, owing to, thanks to, etc.表意思的:in one’s opinion, have different ideas on, myidea/view is, it strikes me that, etc.表比较的:unlike, in the same way, on the contrary, etc.表结论的:in brief, to end/ sum up, in other words, in conclusion, in short, in summary, etc.5.注意文章的层次和段落。
2020高中英语新高考读后续写的升华:删繁就简三秋树,领异标新二月花引言我在近日提出读后续写的两个概念。
读后续写的内容可以分为:Be a story; Beyond a story.所谓Be a story,就是把故事说完整即可,不一定要突出一定的道理,类似于情景剧《老友记》,娱乐一下;而Beyond a story是基于一定的主旨(theme)去挖掘人物的内心情感,所有情节的拓展都是服务于主旨。
从浙江的历年读后续写材料和提供的范文看,文章并没有突出一定的主旨,纯粹的Be a story。
譬如2016年的妻子赌气和丈夫旅游中分开,然后迷路。
续写也是最后两人又和好。
包括今年的儿子上学,父母给家里的狗又添了一个伙伴,然后儿子回家。
这里面的故事就是单纯地围绕人物线展开,把故事讲完了,就结束了。
我认为无论是be a story还是beyond a story,只要把人物形象刻画出来了,并且续写部分的想象合情合理,都是达到了高考的写作要求。
但有人说,beyond a story对学生来说,太难了。
其实这就误解了我的意思。
就具体写而言,要想写好,都不容易。
甚至be a story 对学生的遣词造句要求更高。
因为你完全靠情节胜出,就要在用词上卯足劲,否则这篇文章就干巴巴的。
不仅仅没有思想,而且语言平庸,味同嚼蜡。
而beyond a story,你虽然语言平庸一点,但是你的思想非常动人,这就弥补了语言表达的匮乏。
以浙江作文题为例材料大致是:丈夫和妻子去旅游,来到森林里,二人意见不合,妻子赌气跑开了。
然后突然发现迷路了。
此时看到头上的飞机,估计是找她,但无法让它看到。
续写部分的范文是:天黑了,妻子找了写果实吃了后睡去;天亮,又和丈夫重逢。
我的想法:这几年的续写材料说实话,不知道是不是命题人觉得学生水平有限,选材都没有一定的思想深度,即使和完形填空比都差一截。
作为考生,如果要从思想上拔高,就要如此考虑,由于文章主要写妻子的活动,人物此时就一个:妻子。
第二步通览全局,写作分类突破李仕才第一讲如何写概要一、题型特点读写任务型作文的写作内容一般分为两个部分,即写作内容一为概括短文大意,以及写作内容二,就某个主题发表看法。
“读写任务”是“读”和“写”的有机结合,“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景;同样,“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。
二、写作技巧1.写作步骤摘要通常要求写30词左右,一般由“主题句+支撑句”构成。
写作时可按以下步骤进行。
(1)寻找关键词。
文章的关键词可结合写作内容中的“就……”主题发表自己的看法的要求来确定。
如,要求你“以约120词讲述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的经历”,那么所阅读的文章的主题词就应是homesick。
(2)确定主题句。
文章的主题句首先可通过所给阅读材料的标题来确定,阅读材料的标题即是文章的论点或主题句。
没有标题的文章,我们就应注意第一段(总起段)和最后一段(总结段),或每一段的第一句或第二句(总起句)和最后一句(总结句)。
没有主题句的需要自己根据段落大意进行总结。
(3)重构主题句。
主题句要能概括全文中心,并能涵盖后面支撑句的所有内容。
(4)重组支撑句。
支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句,对主题句进行补充或者提供证据。
2.概括的形式:“主题句+支撑句”即“主题+主题的什么”[名师点津] 写概要时不要照搬原文中的句子,而必须用自己的话来转述。
概括可采用总→分的形式,即第一句话是主题句,清楚明白地告诉读者文章的主要内容(这句话举足轻重),后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑,主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地予以剔除。
【典例示范】请阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
(江苏卷)When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as“AIDS” and “PK.”When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5.” When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye.” English words and expres sions like these are getting popular. They have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life.[写作内容]1.用约 30 个单词写出上文概要;2.用约 120 个单词发表你的观点,内容包括:(1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇;(2)用 2~3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
第1讲每年必考的提纲作文提纲作文是高考试题中最常见的书面表达命题方式之一,命题常以短文提示、要点提示和表格提示三种形式出现。
它要求考生根据所给出的提示性文字,首先确定文章的中心思想,然后紧紧围绕中心思想展开论述,表达主旨。
它的特点是:提纲既体现了文章的层次,又规定了各段大致的内容,为考生提供了写作思路。
写作时要注意以下几点:1.按照提纲的思路写,既不能偏离,也不能随意增减;2.有时所提供的要点顺序并非就是写作时的顺序,写作前先将要点标出,并按照一定的逻辑关系把这些要点排列并整理好,要考虑各要点之间该用什么样的连接词或连接句进行有效的衔接过渡;3.提纲只是对文章的提示或概括,不是主题句。
考生需要根据提纲的性质,写出体现提纲主旨的句子作为主题句,然后围绕主题句进行扩展。
[典题示例](2019·江西省重点中学联考)假定你是高三学生李华。
去年你作为交换生去了美国新泽西州布莱尔中学(Blair Academy)游学。
回国后给你的host family的小伙伴Bill写一封感谢信,要点如下:1.写信的目的;2.分享游学体会;3.寄上答谢礼物并邀请他们一家来中国游玩。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Bill,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua [审题谋篇]1.词汇①你们的善意和体谅使我非常愉快。
2020高考英语作文写作模板:三段式作文法重点诠释:所谓三段式就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式谋篇布局。
就整体篇章结构而言,如何把握较大的写作空间,三段式的写作模式为最佳选择。
三段式的模式写法通常为:1.第一段开门见山,提出要解决的问题或观点,或者把时间,地点,人物和主要事件及时点出。
2.第二段要摆出事实或提出论据,或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。
3.最后一段,得出结论或理由。
注意:要学会使用过渡词。
过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“粘合剂”。
恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散,层次分明,表意不清等弊端,使文章条理清楚,文字连贯流畅。
常用的过渡词有:递进型:also, (and)besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, even, what’s worse, worse still, to make matters worse, for the worse, not only…but also等;解释型:that is (to say), in other words, or, namely, if fact, in reality, as a matter of fact等;转折型:however, but, yet, nevertheless, instead, on the contrary,on the other hand 等;列举型:firstly…secondly…finally, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another 等举例型:for example, for instance, such as, that is, like, take… for example 等;注意:1. 词数:100左右;2.参考词汇:推荐recommend; 英汉词典The English-Chinese Dictionary (ECE);新华字典Xinhua Dictionary (XD)Dear Steve,__________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursLi Yue分析:此篇书面表达属于实物说明文,其篇章结构可按三段式进行写作。
第二讲书面表达“三步曲”[典题示例]请根据以下提示,结合你校园学习生活中的一个事例,用英语写一篇短文。
Being real friends means helping you out when you are in trouble.注意:①无须写标题,不得照抄英语提示语;③除诗歌外,文体不限;③内容必须结合你校园生活中的一个事例;④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称;⑤词数为100左右。
第一步:审题审题包括仔细阅读题中汉语和英语以及其他信息,以便弄清写作要求。
保证写作不偏题。
审题过程:1.根据汉语提示可知,考生需要提供校园学习生活的一个事例。
2.根据英语提示可知,真正的朋友总会在你困难之时向你伸出援助之手,所举事例必须围绕这一主题来写。
第二步:构思在审题的同时,除考虑事例外,要积极构思,在头脑中搜索可以使用的词语和句式。
构思过程:1.写好topic sentence①It's true that real friends are those who help us when we get into trouble.②As an old saying goes, a good friend in need is a friend indeed.③Besides our teachers and parents, who are most likely to help us when we meet with difficulty in studies? Of course, it is our friends.④Real friends not only share our happiness and sorrows but also help each other sincerely.2.写好example①I had trouble with my English.(details…)②I found it difficult for me to remember all those new words.③I daren't read English aloud because I was afraid of being laughed at by my classmates.④Gradually I lost heart in the subject,which made my English worse.3.写好details①He helped me with my English.(details…)②He encouraged me to read aloud the English texts in the morning.③He offered to practice English with me.④He gave me some useful advice on how to learn English.4.写好summary/result①Finally I realize it is Li Hua who is my real friend.②As a result,my English has improved a lot.③With his selfless help,I have made great progress in my English.第三步:撰写在写短文时,要反复默读所写内容,保证句子之间的逻辑衔接到位,同时注意长短句的分配和不同句式的使用。
第四讲以“纲”悟“意”,洞察提纲类写作李仕才一、题型特点提纲作文要求考生根据所给出的提示性文字,首先确定文章的中心思想,然后紧紧围绕中心思想展开论述,表达主旨。
它的特点是提纲既体现了文章的层次,又规定了各段大致的内容,为考生提供了写作思路。
二、写作技巧1.仔细研读题目。
做到三定:定体裁,定人称,定时态。
2.分析整合要点。
对所给的要点进行分析及重新整合,并适当进行细节扩展。
3.斟酌具体表达。
结合文章要点及关键词确定选用的具体词汇及句式。
【典例示范】 (江苏卷)生活中冲突时有发生。
假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执,导致关系紧张,请你结合此事,并根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文,向学校英文报” Happy Teens”专栏投稿。
注意:1.对所有要点逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译。
2.词数150左右。
开头已经写好,不计入总词数。
3.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。
[参考范文]Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then they started shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel.To be honest, it was Su’s fault but Li was also to blame—they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing. As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put o urselves in others’ place.Don’t be self-centered and try to be considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.能力提升练1(2018·常州一中质检)假如你是新华中学的学生李华,偶然看到在你市求学的美国学生Tom 在网上发帖,要大家给他推荐一本学习汉语的书。
你手头正好有一本合适的书可以借给他。
请你给他发一封电子邮件,要点如下:1.说明写信原因;2.描述书的情况;3.约定见面时间和地点。
注意:1.词数150左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,I’m Li Hua, a student of Xinhua Middle School.Best wishes.Yours,Li Hua[参考范文]Dear__Tom,I’m__Li__Hua,__a__student__of__Xinhua__Middle__School. The other day, I learned quite by chance that you were in need of a book to help you improve your Chinese.I happen to have one, which I think might help you.The book is entitled New Practical Chinese and it is intended for beginners at your level.Not only does it include the basic conversations in our daily life, but it is also a window through which you can get to know Chinese culture and customs. Edited by three language experts, it has been popular with the readers ever since it came out two years ago.If it is convenient to you, let’s meet at 3 pm, this Sunday at the entrance to the People’s Park, where I can give you the book face to face.If not, try to find another time that is suitable for both of us.Best__wishes.Yours,Li__Hua能力提升练2(2018·苏北四市(淮安、宿迁、连云港、徐州)高三年级摸底考试)人们对待机遇有不同的态度,请以“Opportunities favour the prepared mind”为题,按要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章,要点如下:注意:1.可参照以上内容适当发挥;2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[参考范文]Opportunities favour the prepared mindThere are two kinds of people taking completely different attitudes to building a bright future.One is dreaming of opportunities for a promising future,but without any action,while the other devotes himself earnestly to his work to get fullyprepared.The message conveyed above is crystal clear: Opportunities favour the prepared mind.The difference between the two lies only in the way each treats opportunities.Successful people always make adequate preparations to seize opportunities.Unsuccessful people,on the other hand,work little and just wait,seeing them pass by.To further highlight the importance of our attitude towards opportunities,let’s take the Chinese diver Wu Minxia for example.In order to win the gold medal in the Olympics,she trained hard day after day and eventually made it. Therefore,we should make efforts to make our dreams come true.It’s universally acknowledged that we would accomplish nothing without actions and efforts.能力提升练3(2018·江苏启东中学高三检测)假如你是李华,请根据下图中围绕“拒为低头族”(stop phubbing)这个话题写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
词汇:phubbing(低头族)=phone(手机)+snubbing(snub冷落的进行时态)内容包括:1.你身边有“低头族”吗?他们的表现;2.“低头族”给学习和生活带来的影响;3.就如何“拒为低头族”提1~2点建议。
要求:1.文章开头已给出,不计入总词数;2.可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事;3.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
Nowadays, many people are addicted to their phones.[参考范文]Nowadays,__many__people__are__addicted__to__their__phones. They look at their phones everywhere all the time, ignoring the people around them. In recent years, many activities have been organized to appeal to people to stop phubbing.There is a lot of phubbing around me. My cousin likes playing with mobile phones very much. He can’t stop sending text messages, surfing the Internet, playing mobile games and even taking photos with mobile phones.However, phubbing disturbs not only our studies, but also our life. Phubbing, whether playing phone games or sending text message, particularly in class or at work, is a big waste of time. What’s more, it can lead to health problems. For instance, using a mobile phone too much can cause eyes or back and neck pain.In my opinion, it is high time we threw away our phones and raised our heads. We should do more exercise and take part in real-life activities. Only when we use phones reasonably can we lead a happy life.。