当前位置：文档之家 › 英汉对比与翻译(全)

英汉对比与翻译(全)

  • 格式：ppt
  • 大小：4.60 MB
  • 文档页数：82

下载文档原格式

  / 82

合集下载

英汉语言对比与翻译

英汉语言对比与翻译

9
第二小点：‘有人就提前’
Unfortunately, the grey and blue cotton pieces reached us whereas our order was for a selection of the green and orange ones. 很遗憾，我们收到的棉制品是灰色的和蓝色的，而 我们订货时选的是绿色的和桔黄色的。 A fair comparison of quality between our products and similar articles from other sources will convince you of the reasonableness of our quotation. 贵方只要把我们的产品质量与别处的同类产品质量 比一比，就会知道我们的报价是合理的。
12
第五小点：抽象变火人
If understanding prevails, WTO is in a position to replace confrontation with agreement; it cannot be pull off. 如果大家能普遍接受的话，WTO就能用协议 取代对抗，而这项工作不能在拖延下去了。
10
第三小点：人多挑一个
Spectacular economic results ultimately won impressive staff support for the reformer manager. A.惊人的经济成果最终赢得了职工对这位改革派经 理的热情支持。 B. 到头来，职工们对这位改革派经理取得的惊人的 经济成果给予了热情的支持。 C. 这位改革派经理取得了惊人的经济成果，最终赢 得了职工们热情的支持。 D.这位改革派经理取得了惊人的经济成果，职工们 给予了热情的支持。

左彪-英汉对比与翻译(全)

左彪-英汉对比与翻译(全)

Two Types of Transfer
• Negative Transfer (负迁移) Errors arise from analogy. 类推会产生错误。 • Positive Transfer （正迁移） Errors decrease by analysis. 分析能减少错误。
We could turn negative transfer (interference) into positive (facilitation) by making analysis on differences between the two languages and arouse the learner‟s awareness of avoiding or reducing errors from analogy. 我们可以通过分析两种语言的差异，提高学生避免 或减少类推错误的意识，把负迁移（干扰）转化为正迁 移（促进）。
人在阵地在。 The position will not be given up so long as we are still living. 人无远虑， If one has no long-term considerations, 必有近忧。 he will find trouble at his doorstep.
English-Chinese Contrast and Translation 左飚
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
English-Chinese Contrast and Translation
左 飚
上海建桥学院 上海海事大学 zuobiao212@
欢迎光临
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
Chinese
Lacking inflection in the strict sense 缺少严格意义的 形态变化 老师们、同学们 我的爸爸、你的妈妈 认真的态度、 认真地学习

汉英比较与翻译chapter 4

汉英比较与翻译chapter 4
如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的、花儿般的魅力， 也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种玉洁冰清、苗条多姿的 气质和那苹果花似的颜色——二十六年前这种花容月 貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特——那么在四 十三岁的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣，不过 两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳，而灰蓝色的眼睛也有了岁月 的沉淀。
17
English: right-extending heavy-tailed like a peacock
This is the cat. This is the cat that killed the rat. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt（麦芽）. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that was built by Jack. …
英语国家沿袭了古代希腊人非常严格和规 范的语词系统。古代希腊人认为,语词系统 与思维系统是相一致的,要表达一个清晰合 理的思想就离不开清晰合理的词形和句法。 而在一个毫无条理的陈述结构中,思想肯定 也是杂乱无章的,而杂乱无章的思想是没有 意义的。英语形合的特征正是在这样一种 背景之下形成的。
与之相反,中国人重直觉,强调意念流, 只要能够达意,词的形式是无关紧要的, 词语之间的关系常在不言中,语法意义 和逻辑关系常隐藏在字里行间。正所 谓‚子曰:辞,达而已矣‛(《论语.卫灵 公》)。(The master said, in official speeches, all that matters is to get one’s meaning through.)

英汉对比与翻译(全)

英汉对比与翻译(全)

Examples of Negative Transfer
5、他建议我接受这个报价。 He suggested me to accept this offer . He suggested that I (should) accept this offer . He suggested my (me) accepting this offer .
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
English-Chinese Contrast and Translation
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
Three Parts
1. Language transfer 2. Linguistic contrast 欢迎光临 3. Contrast and translation
Causes: • analogical use of one‟s prior knowledge of the mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用 • scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少 • unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。
Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰)
Please translate the following:

英汉修辞对比与翻译

英汉修辞对比与翻译

第七讲 英汉修辞对比与翻译
5. 英语多用长句和复合句。 With the gaining of our political freedom you will remember that there came a conflict between the
point of view of Alexander Hamilton, sincerely believing in the superiority of government by a small group of public-spirited and usually wealthy citizens, and, on the other hand, the point of view of Thomas Jefferson, and advocate of government by representatives chosen by all the people, and advocate of the universal right of free thought and free personal living and free religion and free expression of opinion and, above all, the right of free universal suffrage.
第七讲 英汉修辞对比与翻译
修辞是提高语言表达效果的手段。翻译工作既注意一般修辞又要注意特殊修 辞。 1）用词要贴切
翻译中应特别重视选词，要对原文和译文所用词语在词义的范围、轻重、分 寸及色彩方面仔细琢磨，反复推敲，以求译文用词精当、贴切。例如：
“修辞”是语言表达的艺术。使用修辞格的目的是为了使语言更加生动形象、鲜明突出,或者 使语言更加整齐匀称,音调铿锵,加强语言表现力和感染力,引起读者丰富联想的效果。修辞方式 （格）的本质就是所要解决怎样艺术而有效地运用语言形式来恰当地表达思想内容。

英汉思维对比与翻译(最全版)PTT文档

英汉思维对比与翻译(最全版)PTT文档

英语在表现方译式上文则常常：以主它体为重论述中新心。张开双翅飞向高空。起初，它
英语重直观思维，汉语重曲线思维
谨慎而尝试地飞翔着，但很快胆子就大了，更有 英语常常使用大量的涵义概括、指称笼统的抽象名词来表达复杂的理性概念。
而汉语则习惯用具体、形象的词语来表达虚的概念。 在语思维，汉语重曲线思维
同一事物，不同表达
中西方因思维概念不同，对同一事物，便产 生不同的语言表达方式，这直接影响到翻译的正 确性。
比如： 汉语“红茶”，不能翻译为“red tea”;
正确的英语为 “black tea”； 英语的 “black coffee”, 也不能翻
译为”黑咖啡“；正确的汉语为 “浓咖啡”； 汉语 “黑眼睛 ”，不能翻译为“black
车子朝前行驶着，路两旁一边是青翠的公 园，一边是死板乏味的豪华旅馆和公寓大楼…
这里的green, elegance 都是抽象名词， 在翻译时就需要特别注意其对应的汉语翻译词 语。
英语偏好直观思维，汉语偏好曲线思维。
通过对英语文章和汉语文章的比较不难看到， 英语文章通常直截了当地陈述主题，进行论述， 习惯首先把要点表达出来，然后再把各种修饰语 和其他次要成分一一补充进来。正是由于中西思 维的这种差异，在翻译过程中误译错译的现象时 有发生。
比较下面的句子：
It spread its wings anew and soared upward, at first carefully and tentatively, soon with greater boldness and assurance, until at last with a wild scream of joy it swung itself high up in the air and made a great circle.

英汉句法的对比与翻译


The statement declared that the international economic order must be changed or the gap between developed and developing countries would continue to widen. 声明宣称：国际经济秩序必须改变，否则发达国家与发展 中国家之间的差距将继续加大。 The global economy that boomed in the 1960s, growing at an average of 5.5 percent a year, and pushed ahead at a 4.5 percent-a-year rate in the mid-1970s, simply stopped growing in 1981-1982. 世界经济于20世纪60年代十分繁荣，每年平均以5.5%的 比率增长，到了70年代中期仍以平均每年4.5%的比率增 长，但在1981年至1982年期间完全停止了增长。
英语 显性 形摄 语法型
汉语 隐性 神摄 语用型
树形
形合 空间架 主语突出
竹形
神合 时间架 主题突出
立体性
聚集型
平面性
流散型
It’s raining at 5:30 p.m., on a dark, wintry day in northern California, where Karen, tired after her five-hour drive, is planning to check into her hotel before a business dinner meeting scheduled for 7:30. 加州北部，冬日的雨天，已是傍晚5:30，卡 伦已驱车5小时，感到疲惫不堪，她打算在 定于7:30开始的商务晚宴前赶到宾馆办理完 入住手续。

张春柏英汉对比与翻译


4) 幽幽岁月，苍海桑田． 5) 门铃一响，来了客人，从不谢客，礼当 接待． 5) Suddenly the bell rang, announcing the arrival of a visitor. As I had never rejected any guest, I thought I should this one as well.
五四运动的杰出的历史意义在于它带着为辛亥革命还不曾有的姿态这就是彻底地不妥协地反帝国主义和彻底地不妥协地反封建主义
汉英对比与翻译教学
华东师范大学 张春柏
I. 为什么要对比 (why): to help improve the teaching/learning of translation, composition, and grammar
II. 比什么 比什么(What): From words to sentences and discourse, as well as ways of thinking.
My purpose here: to call our attention to the importance of form in the teaching/learning of translation 1) word form: morphology (as well as sounds, esp. in poetry) 2) sentence form: structure 3) cohesion: how sentences are connected to each other to form a coherent piece of discourse
3) 五四运动是反帝国主义的运动，又是反封
建的运动。五四运动的杰出的历史意义，在 于它带着为辛亥革命还不曾有的姿态，这就 是彻底地不妥协地反帝国主义和彻底地不妥 协地反封建主义。五四运动所以具有这种性 质，是……五四运动是在当时世界革命号召 之下，是在俄国革命号召之下，是在列宁号 召之下发生的。五四运动是当时无产阶级世 界革命的一部分。……

英汉句式对比与翻译


of the total population of the earth, China plays in world
affairs a role that can only grow more important in the
years ahead.
-- Jimmy Carter
Trunk line: S + V + (O) Branches and sub-branches : Adverbials and attributes
• 这样的英语句子，结构显得过于松散了，变成汉式英语而非典型地道的英语句子了。
为什么会这样呢？
• 英汉句子的差异：形合与意合 • 这种差异在翻译中给译者带来一定的障碍。将一个重形合的
语篇译成重意合的语篇，最常见的错误就是将形合的特点迁 移（transfer）到重意合的语言中。 • 翻译中译者面临的困难很多，但句型结构的迁移是最大的障 碍。现在不少译者的译文充斥着英语的句法结构，甚至还美 其名曰“忠实于原文”，这种观念实在有害。
• 英语的结构性就很明显，如：
• It is a curious fact, of which I can think of no satisfactory
explanation, that enthusiasm for country life and love of
• Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media.

英汉对比与翻译(全)


语义型与形态型
Please translate the following:
不要人云亦云。 Don‟t say what others have said. 这件事，你做也好，他做也罢，我看谁都做不好。 Whether you do the matter or he does it, I‟m afraid neither will do it well. 支农惠农政策不断加强。 Policies were constantly strengthened to support and benefit agriculture. 必须采取措施在石油资源耗尽之前开发新能源。 Measures must be taken to develop new energy resources before petroleum resources are used up.
Zuo Biao
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
Three Parts
1. Language transfer （语言迁移） 2. Linguistic contrast（语言对比） 欢迎光临 （对比与翻译） 3. Contrast and translation
Part One
Language Transfer in FL Learning: Interference or Facilitation?
Two Typesnsfer • Positive Transfer (负迁移) （正迁移） Errors arise from Errors decrease by analogy. analysis. 类推会产生错误。 分析能减少错误。
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

他不怕死。 He does not hear to die. fear
Examples of Negative Transfer
2、他一天只吃两顿饭。 He only eat two meal a day. eats meals 我去年到北京去了三次。 I go to Beijing 3 time last year. Went times Morphological transfer （词形迁移） 词形迁移） Neither nouns nor verbs have inflections in Chinese. 在汉语中，名词和动词都没有形态变化。
人到齐就开会。 The meeting will begin when all are here. 不要人云亦云。 Don’t say what others have said. Tense （时态） 帐单撕碎了。 The bill was torn to pieces. 问题解决了。 The problem was solved. Voice （语 态） 你再说一个字， If you should say one more 我马上走。 word, I would go at once. 你死了， If you should die, I would go and 我去当和尚。 be a monk. Mood （语气）
人在阵地在。 The position will not be given up so long as we are still living. 人无远虑， If one has no long-term considerations, 必有近忧。 he will find trouble at his doorstep.
Part One
Language Transfer in FL Learning: Interference or Facilitation?
外语学习中的语言迁移： 外语学习中的语言迁移： 干扰还是促进？ 干扰还是促进？
What Is Language Transfer?
Transfer is the influence resulting from the similarities and differences between the target language and any other language that has been previously acquired . Odlin (1989: 27) 迁移是由于目标语与已经习得的语言之 间的相似和差异而产生的 影响。 奥德林
Examples of Negative Transfer
5、他建议我接受这个报价。 He suggested me to accept this offer . He suggested that I (should) accept this offer . He suggested my (me) accepting this offer . Syntactical transfer (句型迁移) The verb jianyi, the Chinese equivalent of ‘suggest’, can be used in VOC pattern in Chinese. Suggest的汉语对应词“建议”在汉语中可以用 “动词+宾语+补语”的结构。
Native Language Transfer Does Exist.
• The age of the learner: adulthood • The socio-cultural context
Two Types of Transfer
• Negative Transfer • Positive Transfer (负迁移) （正迁移） Errors arise from Errors decrease by analogy. analysis. 类推会产生错误。 分析能减少错误。
Please translate the following:
你再说一个字，我马上走。 If you should say one more word, I would go at once. 你死了，我去当和尚。 If you should die, I would go and be a monk.
Collocation transfer (搭配迁移) 搭配迁移) The noun renkou, the Chinese equivalent of ‘population’, can have a numerical pre-modifier. Population的汉语对应词“人口”在汉语中可以 用前置数词来修饰。
Two Types of Transfer
• Negative Transfer (负迁移) Errors arise from analogy. 类推会产生错误。 • Positive Transfer （正迁移） Errors decrease by analysis. 分析能减少错误。
We could turn negative transfer (interference) into positive (facilitation) by making analysis on differences between the two languages and arouse the learner’s awareness of avoiding or reducing errors from analogy. 我们可以通过分析两种语言的差异，提高学生避免 或减少类推错误的意识，把负迁移（干扰）转化为正迁 移（促进）。
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
English-Chinese Contrast and Translation
左 飚
上海海事大学 zuobiao212@
欢迎光临
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
Three Parts
1. Language transfer 2. Linguistic contrast 欢迎光临 3. Contrast and translation
Causes: • analogical use of one’s prior knowledge of the mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用 • scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少 • unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯
Please translate the following:
人到齐就开会。 The meeting will begin when all are here. 不要人云亦云。 Don’t say what others have said. 帐单撕碎了。 The bill was torn to pieces. 问题解决了。 The problem was solved.
(Condition 条件 条件)
病来如山倒， Sickness comes like an avalanche, 病去如抽丝。 but goes like reeling silk.
(Contrast, Opposition 对照、转折 对照、转折)
我来他已去。 He had left when I arrived.
Examples of Negative Transfer
1、这位作家喜欢晚上写作。 The writer likes writing at light. night
Phonological transfer (语音迁移) 语音迁移) The sound /n/ does not exist in some Chinese dialects and /l/ serves as a substitute. 在有些中国方言（如南京方言）中没有/n/这个辅音，而 用/l/来替代。
Examples of Negative Transfer
6. -- Your English is wonderful. -- No, no. My English is still poor. -- Your English is wonderful. -- Thank you, but I still need to improve my English. Pragmatic transfer (语用迁移) The negative reply to a compliment is considered in Chinese as modest and courteous. 对赞扬的否定回答在汉语中被视为谦虚有礼貌。
Chinese
Lacking inflection in the strict sense 缺少严格意义的 形态变化 老师们、同学们 我的爸爸、你的妈妈 认真的态度、 认真地学习
English
Retaining some inflections 保留一些形态变化 v.（动词）: tense, aspect, voice, mood n.（名词）: number, case, gender pron.（代词）: person, gender, case, number adj.（形容词）: degree ad.（副词） : degree
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。
Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰)
Examples of Negative Transfer