[0174]《欧洲文化入门》第一批
[判断题]2. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.
参考答案：正确
[论述题]
1.The Bible
2. Renaissance
参考答案：
1. The Bible is the various collections of sacred scripture of the various branches
of Judaism and Christianity. The Bible, in its various editions, is the best-selling book in history. he Christian Bible (sometimes known as the Holy Bible) is divided into two parts. The first is called the Old Testament, containing the 39 books of Hebrew Scripture, and the second portion is called the New Testament, containing a set of 27 books. The first four books of the New Testament form the Canonical gospels which recount the life of Christ and are central to the Christian faith.
2. The Renaissance is acultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence in the Late Middle Agesand later spreading to the rest of Europe. The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historic era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not uniform across Europe, this is a general use of the term. As a cultural movement, it encompassed a resurgence of learning based on classical sources, the development of linear perspectivein painting, and gradual but
widespread educational reform. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that profoundly affected European intellectual life in the early modern period. Beginning in Italy, and spreading to the rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influence
affected literature, philosophy, art, politics, science,religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry. Renaissance scholars employed thehumanist method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art.
[判断题]6. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned " Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]7. The Gothic style started in France, quickly spread through all parts of western Europe and flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 17th .
参考答案：错误
[判断题]14. Black Humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man's fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can't do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]15. Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality by means of distortion to communicate one's inner vision. The artists of this school used bright colors to bring out their pessimistic views on life.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]1. Homer's epics described the events of Homer's own time.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]8. In the period of Renaissance, where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]10. Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by Dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]3. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]4. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]9. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England and with RenéDescartes in France.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]11. Christopher Columbus was discoverer of the New World and the American continent was named after him.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]12. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]13. Marxism was linked to a great intellectual tradition extending into the 18th century French Enlightenment, German post-Kantian philosophy, English classical political economy, and early 18th century European socialism.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]5. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds.
参考答案：正确
第二批
[单选题]2. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy. A：Uripides
B：Aristophanes
C：Sophocles
D：Aeschylus
参考答案：B
[论述题]
1.Aristotle
2.Barogue Art
3. Church of England
4. Beowulf
5. the Lost Generation
参考答案：
1. reference to text-book, p 27--28. Aristotle (384 BC ? 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics.
2. reference to text-book, p 225 Baroque Art is an artistic style prevalent from the late 16th century to the early 18th century in Europe. It is most often defined as "the dominant style of art in Europe between the Mannerist and Rococo eras, a style characterized by dynamic movement, overt emotion and self-confident rhetoric".
3. reference to text-book, p 147 The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The Church of England separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 with the Act of Supremacy and understands itself to be both Catholic and Reformed. The British monarch, at present Queen Elizabeth II, has the constitutional title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
4. reference to text-book, p 105 Beowulf is the conventional title of an Old English heroic epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative long lines, set in Scandinavia, commonly cited as one of the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature.
5. reference to text-book, p 471 The "Lost Generation" is a term used to refer to the generation that came of age during World War I. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel, "The Sun Also Rises." In that volume Hemingway credits the phrase to Gertrude Stein, who was then his mentor and patron.
[单选题]10.Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, _____ , written between 1925 and 1940.
A： My Apprenticeship
B： The Stranger
C：The Quiet Don
D：Remembrance of Things Past
参考答案：C
[单选题]4. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1611. A：The Septuagint
B：The Vulgate
C：Wycliff’s version
D：Authorized version
参考答案：D
[单选题]1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.
A：the Greek and Roman
B：the Judaism and Christianity
C：the Greco-Roman
D：both A and B
参考答案：D
[单选题]3. In _____ the West Roman Empire ended when the last emperor of the West was deposed by the Goths.
A：27 B.C
B：395
C：476
D：1453
参考答案：C
[单选题]6. Dante Alighieri's masterpiece , _____, is one of the landmarks of world literature. A： Song of Roland
B：the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.
C：Beowulf
D： the Divine Comedy
参考答案：D
[单选题]7. After the 16-century Reformation, _____ came into being.
A：Christianity
B：Calvin
C：Lutheran
D：Protestantism
参考答案：D
[单选题]8. ____ was the first Russian author to gain recognition in the West.
A：Nikolai Gogol
B：Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev
C：Fyodor Dostoyevsky
D： Count Leo Tolstoy
参考答案：B
[单选题]9. _____ was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.
A：Realism
B：Naturalism
C：Modernism
D：Impressionism
参考答案：C
[单选题]12. ____ was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory.
A： Home
B： Heracleitue
C：Democritus
D：Socrates
参考答案：C
[单选题]13. The theory of ____ is that one should endure hardship and misfortune with courage.
A：the Epicurans
B：the Stoics
C： the Sceptics
D：the Cynics
参考答案：B
[单选题]14. In ____, Emperor ____ made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions.
A： 313, Constantine
B：305, Diocletian
C：64 A. D., Nero Caesar
D：392, Theodosius
参考答案：D
[单选题]15. With ____ by Boccaccio the courtly themes of medieval literature began to give way to the voice and mores of early modern society.
A： the Decameron
B：Canzoniers
C：David
D：Sleeping Venus
参考答案：A
[单选题]11. ____ deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy ).
A： The Odyssey
B：The Iliad
C： Prometheus Bound
D： Persians
参考答案：B
[单选题]5. ____ in a few hundred years were to grow into the nations known as England, France, Spain, Italy and Germany.
A：Germanic tribes
B：The Huns
C：The Anglo-Saxons
D： The Visigoths
参考答案：A
第三批
[判断题]2. Zola defined the theory of realism and illustrated it in his great work entitled the Human Comedy
参考答案：错误
[判断题]4. Romanticism, which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, started from the ideas of Rousseau, in France and from the Storm and Stress movement in Germany. 参考答案：正确
[判断题]7. The publication of Mickiewicz's Sonnets from the Crimea _____ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature.
参考答案：错误
[论述题]
1.Dadaism
2. The Human Comedy
3. The Spirit of Laws
4. The Authorized King James Version
参考答案：
1. Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.
2. The Human Comedy is the title of Honoré de Balzac's (1799?1850) multi-volume collection of interlinked novels and stories depicting French society in the period of the Restoration and the July Monarchy (1815?1848).
3. The Spirit of the Laws is a treatise on political theory first published anonymously by Baron de Montesquieu in 1748. In this political treatise Montesquieu advocates constitutionalism and the separation of powers, the abolition of slavery, the preservation of civil liberties and the rule
of law, and the idea that political and legal institutions ought to reflect the social and geographical character of each particular community. 4.The Authorized King James Version is an English translation by the Church of England of the Christian Bible begun in 1604 and completed in 1611.
[判断题]1. In Europe, the realist movement arose in the 50s of the 19th century and had its origin in France.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]10. Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller's Ode to Joy.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]5. In 1798, Songs of Experience , a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]6. Pushkin stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, Eugene Onegin is generally recognized as his masterpiece.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]8. Goya was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]9. Delacroix was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]3. Nikolai Gogol was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.
参考答案：正确
第四批
[判断题]16. The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozart are known as the Viennese School.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]
9. In European Renaissance, where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]20. Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality by means of distortion to communicate one's inner vision. The artists of this school used bright colors to bring out their pessimistic views on life.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]2. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920.
参考答案：正确
[论述题]
1. Francesco Petrarch （彼特拉克）
2. John Locke （洛克）
3. Black Humour（黑色幽默）
4. Cubism （立体派）
参考答案：
1. Francesco Petrarca (July 20, 1304 ? July 19, 1374), known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar, poet and one of the earliest Renaissance humanists. Petrarch is often called the "Father of Humanism".
2. John Locke(29 August 1632 ? 28 October 1704), widely known as the Father of Liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work had a great impact upon the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the American Declaration of Independence.
3. Black Humor,, a kind of drama (or, by extension, a non?dramatic work) in which disturbing or sinister subjects like death, disease, or warfare, are treated with bitter amusement, usually in a manner calculated to offend and shock. Prominent in the theatre of the absurd, black comedy is also a feature of Joe Orton's Loot (1965). A similar black humour is strongly evident in modern American fiction from Nathanael West's A Cool Million (1934) to Joseph Heller's Catch?22 (1961) and Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse?Five (1969).
4. Cubism was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. The first branch of cubism, known as Analytic Cubism, was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between 1907 and 1911 in France. In its second phase, Synthetic Cubism, the movement spread and remained vital until around 1919, when the Surrealist movement gained popularity.
[判断题]14. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]15. The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were two 17th century Englishmen Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]17. Marxism was linked to a great intellectual tradition extending into the 18th century French Enlightenment,
参考答案：错误
[判断题]4. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned " Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]
5. The oldest and most important of the Old Testament are the first five books about the laws of Moses, called Pentateuch or Torah.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]18. As Isaac Newton dominated 17th-century science with his discovery of the laws governing the bodies of the universe, so Charles Darwin dominated 18th-centuryscience, for he discovered the laws governing the evolution of man himself.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]
7. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned " Emperor of the Roman s” by himself in 800.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]8. The Gothic style started in France, quickly spread through all parts of western Europe and flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 17th century.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]1. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]10. The Cartesian doubt is summarized in his motto: " I doubt, therefore I think: I think , therefore I am.”
参考答案：正确
[判断题]11. Christopher Columbus was discoverer of the New World and the American continent was named after him.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]12. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England and with RenéDescartes in France.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]13. The designing and building of St. Paul's Cathedral is the landmark in French architecture.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]3. Some of the hermits were great scholars known as " Father of the Church”, whose work is generally considered orthodox.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]
6. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]19. Black Humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man's fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can't do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh.
参考答案：错误
第五批
[判断题]10. The term " Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger (1956).
参考答案：正确
[判断题]15. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]8. Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, The Quiet Don, written between 1925 and 1940.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]4. Realism was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.
参考答案：错误
[论述题]Marxism
参考答案：
Marxism is an economic and socio-political worldview that contains within it a political ideology for how to change and improve society by implementing socialism. Originally developed in the early to mid 19th century by two German émigrés living in Britain, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Marxism is based upon a materialist interpretation of history. Taking the idea that social change occurs because of the struggle between different classes within society who are under contradiction one against the other, the Marxist analysis leads to the conclusion that capitalism, the currently dominant form of economic management, leads to the oppression of the proletariat, who not only make up the majority of the world's populace but who also spend their lives working for the benefit of the bourgeoisie, or the wealthy ruling class in society.
[判断题]1. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]2.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that " man is the measure of all things.”
参考答案：错误
[判断题]7. T.S. Eliot's long poem the Waste Land is his major contribution to English poetry. 参考答案：正确
[判断题]6. Dubliners by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]5. In Freudian system, Id is the container of the instinctual urges.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]3. The term " impressionism” was taken directly from the title of Manet's Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).
参考答案：错误
[判断题]11. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]12. Some of the hermits were great scholars known as " Father of the Church”, whose work is generally considered orthodox.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]13. The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozart are known as the Viennese School.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]14. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920.
参考答案：错误
[判断题]9. Samuel Beckett's masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was remembered as one of the most famous Absurd Drama.
参考答案：正确。
