新闻英语语法特点与翻译

• Rescuers are searching for two others who are believed still trapped underground at Wangjialing Coal Mine, which straddles Xiangning County, of Linfen City, and Hejin City, of Yuncheng City, according to the rescue headquarters. • Altogether 261 miners were working in the shaft of the coal mine, which is under construction, when the flooding happened at about 1:40 p.m. March 28, and only 108 were lifted unharmed to the surface.
5. 根据内容灵活运用时态
• 新闻报道的绝大多数是刚刚发生或正在发生的 事情,因此记者常使用一般现在时态和现在完 成时态,以示“新”和“快”;为了把消息绘声 绘色地传达给听众,进行时态使用的也比较普 遍。 • 如新闻标题：
2、双重属性词汇大量作为动词使用。
• 既可作为名词又可作为动词使用的双重属性词 汇大量作为动词使用 (如“voice”, “target”, “brief”等词) ，从而使新闻英语生动简明，这是 新闻英语的基本特征。 • The Bush administration had no objection to a trip to China by former president Bill Clinton who was briefed by senior officials. • (据高级官员透露,前总统比尔·克林顿将出访中国, 布什政府对此未予以反对。)
出现在新闻报道标题中,使之简明、清晰、 生动。
• 例如: Center targets kids’ illness. ( China Daily) • (中心致力于儿童疾病的研究。) • • • • 对比: Co-operatives profit farmers more. (合作经营更有益于农民。) Co-operatives bring more profits to farmers
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• In a statement, Lawrence. H. Summers, Harvard's current president, indicated that he would act on the report in January. He called it a “very constructive document that outlines a promising direction.” (The New York Times) • (现任哈佛大学校长劳伦斯·H.萨默斯在一份声明 中指出, 他将于周一对报告做出决定。他称这份 报告为非常有建设性的文件,它指明了一个充满 希望的方向。”)
• 简明是新闻报道的最基本要求。在新闻标题中，被 动语态的动词be还常常被省略, 且只需讲述受动者的 行为。因此, 同一句话用被动语态表达要比用主动语 态来得精炼、简单、客观、生动。比如: • Passport procedures simplified. ( China Daily) • (护照办理程序简化。)
• About 300 people have been killed with 8,000 injured and more others buried under the toppled houses after a 7.1magnitude earthquake hit northwest China's Qinghai Province early on Wednesday, officials said.
有时也用间接引语,例如: He also said the mainland has the greatest sincerity and will exert utmost effort to achieve peaceful reunification • 宾语从句中引导词的省略新闻常常都要说明消息来源, 也就是要说明信息或消息的出处。从语法上讲,在新闻 英语中,主句常常是信息或消息的来源或出处,而它后 面的宾语从句则是信息或消息的内容。但是,在英语新 闻的报道中,引导宾语从句的that常常省略,这是一个 常见的现象。
• The strong odor, described by many people as similar to natural gas, resulted in the evacuation of some buildings and affected some subway and train lines. (Washington Post) • (这被许多人形容很像瓦斯味的腔壁气味,不仅造 成了一些大楼人员的疏散,也影响了部分地铁和火 车的营运。) • More examples see page 30-31
• 1)Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Jiantao said(...)the visit is “an unfavorable incident“ for China--Japan ties. He said(...)a sound Sino--Japanese relationship also hinges on Japan's proper handling of issues of vital interest of China. • 2)Organizers said(...)it might take at least 80 million Taiwan dollars to mobilize people in Taipei to protest against the AntiSecession Law adopted by the National People's Congress.
3. 单句多于复合句，多采用扩展的 单句多于复合句， 简单句，句子结构比较松散。 简单句，句子结构比较松散。
• 新闻英语中通常使用广泛的是结构简单的句子。 为求简明, 常常一个句子就是一个段落,而要把众 多的信息包含在里面,在确保句式不复杂的情况下, 作者只有大量使用或增加修饰限定词的数量, 其 方法就是使用定语,状语,同位语等补加成分。
4.在新闻英语中常用直接引语和间接 引语 • 直接引语放在前面,提供消息内容的消息 来源放在后面, 这是新闻英语的一个习惯 表达方式。在新闻英语中,这种安排是很 常见的,也表现出了新闻的特点,就是让读 者最早读到最重要的新闻内容。
• 1) “We take each and every death very seriously and are committed and sworn to investigating each case with the utmost professionalism and thoroughness,” said Chris Grey, spokesman for the Criminal Investigation Command. • 2)"The Chinese government and its people will not sit by if Chen Shuibian forges ahead with his proindependence timetable to change the status of Taiwan as part of China,“ Li weiyi (spokesman of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council) said.
• 简单句的使用有助于清楚地表述事情的发展,方便读者 阅读和理解,也易于作者写作。作者常须赶在截稿时间 前仓促定稿,往往想到什么事实或背景材料来不及改动 就随即增添或补插进去。所以句子结构显得松散,使看 似简单的句子变得复杂,也给翻译造成了困难。为了适 应汉语读者的阅读习惯,充分发挥汉语精炼的优势,翻 译时,可以将冗长的扩展简单句拆开来,分成几句话表 述。
• More Training for Foreign Students • By JULIA PRESTON • Immigration officials said they were extending the duration of on-the-job training for immigrant students who are recent graduates with advanced degrees in science, technology and engineering. The training period will be extended to 29 months from 12 months for immigrants on student visas employed in jobs related to their field of study. Training will also be automatically extended for students who are waiting to shift to temporary work visas known as H-1B. The measure, which officials said would benefit about 25,000 students, is designed to close visa gaps that had forced some highly skilled graduates to leave the country. New York Times •
新闻英语的句式特征
1、被动语态使用频率较高
• 新闻报道最主要的作用是向大众报道最新的,有重 大意义的事件和信息。因此,报道中强调的重点就 是新闻的精髓所在。也就是我们常说的五个W和 一个H (WHAT, WHO, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, HOW)。为了能突出重点,新闻报道中常用被动语 态强调行动或事件的结果, 这特别适用于对天灾 , 人祸的报道(如地震, 特大洪灾, 严重交通事故等) 以及有关犯罪谋杀的新闻。比如:
• WARSAW — A plane carrying the
Polish president and dozens of the country’s top political and military leaders to the site of a Soviet massacre of Polish officers in World War II crashed in western Russia on Saturday, killing everyone on board.
• Nine people were killed and seven injured in an oil tank explosion on Tuesday night in Jiangsu Province ( China Daily) • (周二夜间江苏省境内发生油车爆炸事件,造成9人死亡, 7人受伤。) • Russian officials have said 10 federal troops have been killed so far and a further 27 injured. ( China Daily) • (俄官员声称到目前为止,共有10名联邦军人被杀,另有27 人受伤。) • 使用被动态可使读者对受害者的伤亡情况一目了然。