诗词中的地理风光
The Natural Scenery in Chinese Poetry 中华大地，幅员辽阔，各处地理风光不同、气候不一。中国有一句俗语：一方水土养一方人。意思是说：不同地域上的人，由于生存环境不同，思想观念、人文历史、文化性格特征也不同。北方四季鲜明气候干燥，南方四季如春温暖湿润，北方人高大结实性格豪爽，南方人矮小秀气性格细腻……在信息和交通技术尚不发达的古代，诗人们用他们最真切的感受表达了对自然界的敬意和赞美。
With a vast territory, China has different styles of scenery and climates. As the saying goes, “Each place has its streams in from all over the country; each place has its own way of supporting its own inhabitants.”It means that the people from different areas have different thoughts and ideas, different cultures and histories, and different characters, which are all because of the different living environment. In the north, we have distinct four seasons and it is always dry in these areas, while in the south, we can enjoy the warm and moist spring in every season. The northerners are tall and strong with a straightforward character, while the southerners are short and delicate with a tender character. In the ancient time when communication and technology was underdeveloped, poets preferred to express their admiration and praise for nature through their poems.
（一）地域风景
Part One: Regional Scenery
一、江南风光
The scenery of Jiangnan
江南地区一般是指长江以南的鱼米之乡，它气候湿润，物产丰富，风景怡人。很多诗人在中国古代诗词中写下了江南美丽宜人的风景。我们打开P1P4，前两首词写的都是江南风光。
Generally, Jiangnan region refers to the area south of the Changjiang River. The climate there is moist and this area is rich in products. The scenery there is quite pleasant. Many poets had ever created poems describing the beautiful scenery there. Let’s open the book 《唐宋词欣赏》. And turn to Page One and Page Four. The first two poems are about the scenery of Jiangnan.
西塞山前白鹭飞，桃花流水鳜鱼肥。青箬笠，绿蓑衣，斜风细雨不须归。
In front of western hills white egrets fly up and down
Over peach-mirrored stream, where perches are full grown.
In a broad-brimmed blue hat and green straw cloak,
I’d fain go fishing careless of the slanting wind and rain.
【唐】张志和《渔歌子》
(Tang Dynasty) A Fisherman’s Song Zhang Zhihe
译文：白鹭在山前自在飞翔，桃花盛开，鳜鱼正肥。渔父戴着青箬笠，穿着绿蓑衣，雨中垂钓，乐而忘归，多么悠闲自在！
Version: white egrets freely over the mountains. The peach blossoms are in full bloom. The mandarin fish are very fat. The fisherman, wearing a hat and green straw rain cape, is fishing freely. He is so happy that he forgets to go back home.
日出江花红胜火，春来江水绿如蓝。
The sunrise river Chinese pear-leaf crabapple victory fire, spring comes the river duck like blue.
【唐】白居易《忆江南》
• (Tang Dynasty) Recalled Chiangnan by Bai Juyi
江南风景美到什么程度呢？太阳出来映得江边的花比火还要红，春天来了，江水像蓝草一样绿。
How beautiful on earth is the scenery in Jiangnan? When the sun rises, the flowers on the bank seem to be redder than fire. When spring comes, the water in the Changjiang River is as green as grass.
这种红绿映衬的色彩既形象又生动,展现了江南色彩斑斓的画面！
This combination of the color red and green is quite bright and vivid, which shows a colorful picture of Jiangnan scenery.
二、北方风光
Northern scenes
我们这里说的北方，是指中国长城以北的地区。由于气候寒冷，那里的风光呈现出和江南截然相反的景象。辽阔的草原、旷远的大漠、凛冽的寒风、大片的雪花……在古代，那里多有征战之事，国家每年征派男丁去戍守边防，很多诗歌反映了戍边将士思念家乡的情绪。
The north often mentioned refers to the area which is to the north of the Great Wall. Because of the cold weather, the scenery there is just opposite to that in Jiangnan. In the north, you can see vast grasslands and deserts, and experience the brisk wind and heavy snow. In the ancient time, quite a lot of wars broke out in the north. Every year, the country would send some men to defend the border. So during that period, many poems describing the soldiers’ homesickness appeared. 1．北方草原
The northern grasslands
天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊。
The sky is so blue and the steppe is so wide,
As wind lowers grass livestock cannot hide.
——北朝民歌《敕勒川》
(Northern Dynasties) Chi Le Song
译文：天空是青苍蔚蓝的颜色，草原无边无际，一片茫茫。清风吹过，草浪动荡起伏，在牧草低伏下去的地方，才有牛羊闪现出来。
Version: the sky is blue and the grassland is boundless. With the breeze blowing, the grass is waving. While the wind lowers the grass, all the livestock turn up.
诗的题目叫《敕勒川》，敕勒是古代一个游牧民族，活动在今天中国甘肃、内蒙一带。这首古代民歌，歌咏了北国草原壮丽富饶的风光，抒写敕勒人热爱家乡热爱生活的豪情。
The name of the poem is Chi Le Song. Chi Le was nomadic people in the ancient time. And the people now mainly live in Gangsu Province and Inner Mongolia of China. This poem praised the scenery of magnificent and fertile grasslands in the north, and expressed Che le people’s love for their hometown and their free life.
2.北方大漠
The desert in the north
