中医名词术语标准参考

中医名词术语标准参考

舌诊

舌诊：tongue diagnosis

望舌：inspection of tongue

舌象：tongue manifestation

舌尖：tip of the tongue

舌边：margins of the tongue

舌中；舌心：center of the tongue

舌根；舌本：root of the tongue

舌体；舌质：tongue body

舌色：tongue color

荣枯老嫩：luxuriant/ flourishing, withered, tough and tender 淡白舌：whitish tongue

淡红舌：reddish tongue

红舌：red tongue

青舌：blue tongue

紫舌：purple tongue

青紫色：bluish purple tongue

绛舌：crimson tongue

胖大舌：enlarged tongue

肿胀舌：wollen tongue

瘦薄舌：thin tongue

点刺舌：spotted tongue

芒刺舌：prickly tongue

齿痕舌：teeth-marked tongue

裂纹舌：fissured tongue

光剥舌：peeled tongue

镜面舌：mirror tongue

地图舌：geographical tongue

舌衄：spontaneous bleeding of the tongue

强硬舌：stiff tongue

萎软舌：limp wilting tongue

颤动舌：trembling tongue

歪斜舌：deviated tongue

短缩舌：contracted tongue

吐弄舌：protruded agitated tongue

舌卷：curled tongue

苔色：coating color

苔质：texture of coating

白苔：white coating

白砂苔：white sandy coating

黄苔：yellow coating

黑苔：black coating

灰苔：gray coating

绿苔：green coating

薄苔：thin coating

厚苔：thick coating

润苔：moist coating

燥苔：dry coating

燥裂苔：dry and cracked coating

滑苔：slippery coating

腻苔：greasy（世中联）/slimy coating

腐苔：curdy coating

染苔：stained coating

脉诊

浮脉类（轻取即得）

浮（举之有余，按之不足）floating pulse; superficial pulse

洪（脉体阔大，充实有力，来盛去衰）surging pulse；full and over-flowing pulse

濡（浮细无力而软）soggy pulse

散（浮取散漫而无根，伴至数或脉力不匀）scattered pulse

芤（浮大中空，如按葱管）hollow pulse; empty pulse

革（浮而搏指，中空边坚）tympanic pulse; drumskin pulse

沉脉类（重按始得）

沉（轻取不应，重按始得）sunken pulse；deep pulse

伏（重按推至筋骨始得）hidden pulse

弱（沉细无力而软）weak pulse; feeble pulse；

牢（沉按实大弦长）firm pulse; hard

迟脉类（一息不足四至）

迟（一息不足四至）slow pulse; tardy pulse

缓（一息四至，脉来怠缓）moderate pulse; relaxed pulse

涩（往来艰涩，迟滞不畅）unsmooth pulse；uneven pulse

结（迟而时一至，止无定数）knotted pulse; bound pulse（irregular intermittent pulse）数脉类（一息五至以上）

数（一息五至以上，不足七至）rapid pulse；quick pulse

疾（脉来急疾，一息七八至）racing pulse; swift pulse

促（数而时一止，止无定数）irregular-rapid pulse; skipping pulse（rapid irregular intermittent pulse）

动（脉短如豆，滑数有力）stirred pulse

虚类脉（应指无力）

虚（举按无力，应指松软）weak pulse（asthenia pulse）

细（脉细如线，应指明显）thin pulse；thready pulse；

微（极细极软，似有似无）faint pulse

代（迟而中止，止有定数）regularly intermittent pulse

短（首尾俱短，不及本部）short pulse

实脉类（应指有力）

实（举按充实有力）excess pulse

滑（往来流利，应指圆滑）slippery pulse

弦（端直以长，如按琴弦）string-like pulse; wiry pulse; taut pulse

紧（绷急弹指，状如转索）tight pulse；tense pulse

长（首尾端直，超过本位）long pulse

大（脉体宽大，无汹涌之势）large pulse

真脏脉true visceral pulse

雀啄脉 sparrow（bird）-pecking pulse

釜沸脉 seething cauldron pulse; bubble-rising pulse（世中联）

鱼翔脉fish-waving pulse; fish-swimming pulse

虾游脉 shrimp-darting pulse

屋漏脉 roof-leaking pulse

解索脉 rope-untwining pulse

弹石脉 stone-flicking pulse

偃刀脉 knife-upturned pulse

转豆脉 bean-spinning pulse

麻促脉 confused skipping pulse

离经脉 abnormally rapid or slow pulse

治则

治则：therapeutic principle/

治本：treat the root

治标：treat the tip

正治法：routine treatment

寒者热之：treat cold with heat

热者寒之：treat heat with cold

虚则补之：treat deficiency by tonification

实则泻之：treat excess by purgation

反治法：paradoxical/contrary treatment

寒因寒用：treat cold with cold

热因热用：treat heat with heat

痛因通用：treating the unstopped by unstopping(WHO); treating diarrhea with purgatives

塞因塞用：treating the stopped by stopping(WHO); treating obstructive diseases by tonification(《汉英医学大辞典》)

扶正祛邪：reinforce the healthy qi and eliminate the pathogenic factors

攻补兼施：treat with both elimination and reinforcement

误治：erroneous treatment

异病同治：treating different diseases with the same method

同病异治：treating the same disease with different methods

先急后缓(急则治其标，缓则治其本)：treating the acute before the chronic(WHO)；the acute condition should be treated prior to the chronic condition