2019-2020年高中英语阅读理解第三部分名人故事（一）练习在世界科学史上，有这样一位科学家：他不仅把自己的毕生精力全部贡献给了科学事业，而且还在身后留下遗嘱，把自己的遗产全部捐献给科学事业，用以奖掖后人，向科学的高峰努力攀登。今天，以他的名字命名的科学奖，已经成为举世瞩目的最高科学大奖。他的名字和人类在科学探索中取得的成就一道，永远地留在了人类社会发展的文明史册上。这位伟大的科学家，就是世人皆知的瑞典化学家、诺贝尔奖的创立人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔。
诺贝尔奖颁发给在物理，化学，医学，文学，和平和经济六个领域中成就最突出的人。
Some names have bee famous because they are always connected with important things. One of these names is that of Alfred Nobel, who founded the famous Nobel Prizes.
Nobel was born in Sweden in 1833. He became an engineer and an inventor. He was particularly interested in explosives. These were very dangerous in those days, and Nobel's own brother was killed in an explosion in their factory.
In 1867, Nobel invented dynamite. This was a very powerful explosive, but unlike the others it was safe to handle. The invention made Nobel a very wealthy man.
However, he was never particularly happy. He realized that his invention was being used for warlike purposes, and that thousands and perhaps hundreds of thousands of people were being killed and injured in wars with his explosives.
When he died in 1896, he left over 3 million pounds to be spent setting up five prizes each year. These prizes were to be given to people who had made outstanding contributions to peace, to science, and to literature. Originally there were five rewards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first award ceremony.
These Nobel Prizes became famous and because of them we still remember the name of Nobel.
prehension Questions:
A. it is less powerful and safe to handle.
B. it is more powerful but less safe to handle.
C. it is both powerful and safe.
D. it won't kill people.
4. Rich as he was, Alfred Nobel was never particularly happy because ______
A. his dynamite was not safe enough.
B. his explosives were being used in wars.
C. his brother was killed by the explosives invented by him.
D. he had killed hundreds of thousands of people with explosives.
5. Those who had made outstanding contributions to peace, to science and to literature ______
A. could get three million pounds.
B. were given five prizes each year.
C. could see Alfred Nobel himself.
D. could receive Nobel Prizes.
(CACBD)
About George Washington
将军和下士—乔治?华盛顿的故事
乔治·华盛顿，美国首任总统（1789～1797），美国独立战争大陆军总司令。1789年，当选为美国第一任总统，因对美国独立作出了重大贡献，被尊为美国国父。他有一句关于自由的名言：“由于剑是维护我们自由的最后手段，一旦这些自由得到确立，就应该首先将它放在一旁。” 下面这篇小故事通过一件平凡事，反映了一个伟人的博大胸襟。
George Washington was the first President of the United States. It was he who led the armies during the long war that brought the American people independence and made America a free country. He was a great man, not only in great things, but also in little ones. He was never too great to do a kindness. He was never too high to stoop to those who were lower than he and in need of help.
Then Washington ran up, and with his strong arms gave them the help they so much
needed. The big log was lifted on the breastwork, and the men looked their thanks at the stranger who had been so kind.
“Why don’t you take hold and help your men?”Washington asked the corporal.
“Why don’t I? Don’t you see that I am the corporal?”
“Oh, indeed,”said Washington, as he unbuttoned his overcoat, and showed the uniform which he wore. “Well, I am the general, and the next time you have a log too heavy for your men to lift, send for me!”
You can imagine how the little corporal felt when he saw it was General Washington who was standing before him. It was a good lesson for him, and there are little men still living who may learn a good lesson from the story.
prehension Questions:
1. ______ he was a great man, George Washington was ready to do a kindness.
A. Because
B. Though
C. If
D. As long as
2. At first the corporal and the soldiers did not know ______
A. who was the general.
B. who was Washington.
C. what the general was.
D. the man was Washington.
3. The corporal was ______
A. too little to do the heavy job.
B. too weak to help his men.
C. so great that he could not do such a small thing.
D. feeling he was such an officer that he was ashamed of giving help.
4. The little corporal felt very ______ when he knew it was General Washington who was standing before him.
A. glad
B. proud
C. sorry
D. crazy
5. When do you think the story most probably took place? ______
A. During the War of Independence.
B. During the Civil War.
C. During World War I.
D. During World War II.
(BDDCA)
生产力的发展作出了杰出贡献。他改良了蒸汽机、发明了气压表、汽动锤。后人为了纪
念他，将功率的单位称为瓦特，常用符号“W”表示。
People had known about steam power for hundreds of years, but they did not know how to apply it to machines. About 300 years ago, some mining engineers discovered that they could use steam power to force water out of deep mines. This helped miners dig deeper than ever. But little more was done with steam power until one man, James Watt, discovered how to make steam turn a wheel.
When he was a boy, James Watt's parents had scolded him for playing with mechanical things. There were few plicated machines then. And almost nobody could make a living by fixing them. So Watt's parents thought that fooling around with machines was a waste of time. But someone asked Watt to repair a steam coalmine pump. Watt fixed the pump and he began to build models of other pumps.
Once Watt had built his first steam engine, steam power was used to do many things. Machines were built that could weave, spin, grind flour, drive a boat or a train, and even make other machines. Nearly anything that needed pushing or turning could be powered by steam. Within 50 years of Watt's invention, steam engines were producing and transporting things in ways that were impossible with muscle, wind, or waterpower.
prehension Questions:
1. James Watt was the first person who ______
A. applied steam to machines.
B. discovered steam power could be used to force water out of deep mines.
C. helped miners to dig deeper than ever.
D. discovered how to make steam turn a wheel.
2. Steam power was not used to turn a wheel until ______
A. three hundred years ago.
B. some mining engineers discovered how to force water out of deep mines.
C. James Watt was born.
D. James Watt found out the way of doing so.
5. Nearly half a century had passed ______
A. since James Watt's steam engines were used widely.
B. until James Watt had invented his steam engines.
C. before steam engines could be used to produce and transport things.
D.and steam engines were doing things that were impossible to be done in the past. (DDACD)
4. Galileo, Famous Italian Astronomer
伽利略—意大利著名天文学家
伽利略·伽利雷 (1564～1642) 是意大利文艺复兴后期伟大的意大利天文学家、力学家、哲学家、物理学家和数学家。也是近代实验物理学的开拓者，被誉为“近代科学之父”。传说1590年，出生在比萨城的意大利物理学家伽利略，曾在比萨斜塔上做自由落体实验，将两个重量不同的球体从相同的高度同时扔下，结果两个铅球同时落地，由此发现了自由落体定律，推翻了此前亚里士多德认为的重的物体会先到达地面。
Galileo (1564-1642) was an Italian physicist and astronomer. He was born in Paris, where he studied medicine and later became professor of mathematics. During this period he made two important discoveries. The first was that a pendulum always wings at the same time. The second was that bodies of different weights fall with the same speed. He made the second discovery by making an experiment from the leaning tower of Pisa.
Galileo was one of the first men to look at the skies through a telescope. He discovered that the moon has mountains and valleys, that the Milky Way is made up of innumerable stars, and that Jupiter has four large satellites. He discovered sunspots and noticed that they move across the surface of the sun.
In 1632 Galileo was condemned by the Inquisition because, like Copernicus, he had stated that the earth traveled round the sun. The Church's view then was that the earth was the center of the Universe. Galileo was tried by the Inquisition and forced to say he was wrong. He lived the rest of his life under house arrest. prehension Questions:
B. the moon has mountains and valleys.
C. sunspots move across the surface of the earth.
D. there are innumerable stars in the Milky Way.
4. The Inquisition condemned Galileo because ______
A. what he said about the movement of the Earth didn't agree with the Church's view.
B. he said that the Earth was the centre of the Universe.
C. he liked Copernicus.
D. he was wrong.
5. As a result, Galileo ______
A. knew that he was wrong to say that the Earth was the centre of the Universe.
B. knew that he was wrong to say that the sun was the centre of the Universe.
C. lost his freedom.
D. changed his view.
(DDAAC)
5. Mozart, Well-known Austrian poser
莫扎特—奥地利著名作曲家
莫扎特，奥地利作曲家，维也纳古典乐派的代表人物。1756年1月27日生于萨尔茨堡，1791年12月5日卒于维也纳，享年仅35岁。1762年，6岁的莫扎特在父亲的带领下到慕尼黑、维也纳、普雷斯堡作了一次试验性的巡回演出，获得成功。莫扎特的短暂一生写出了大量的音乐作品，体裁形式涉及到各个领域，留下了许多不朽的杰作。
Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791) was born in Salzburg, Austria. He had love for music when he was only three and took daily music lessons from his father, a musical director. When he was five, he could not only play several musical instruments, but also had posed a number of short pieces of music. When he was seven he went with his family on a long music tour. Everywhere he went, he won great applause for his harpsichord, organ and violin playing. From the age of 13, he began to give concerts.
In 1781, he moved to Vienna, where he met Haydn and they became great friends. This friendship proved to be important to both men, each learning a great deal from the other. Both posed their best music during the 10 years of their friendship, which ended only at Mozart’s early death.
prehension Questions:
1. Mozart was born in ______
A. a rich family.
B. a poor family.
C. a musical family.
D. a big family.
2. Mozart was warmly weled everywhere he went because ______
A. he was very small.
B. he had posed a number of short pieces of music.
C. his father was a well-known musical director.
D. he was very good at playing several musical instruments.
3. If Mozart hadn’t made friends with Haydn ______
A. he wo uldn’t have died so early.
B. he couldn’t have posed such wonderful music as he really did.
C. his music couldn't have received so much praise.
D. his music would have bee better than that of Haydn.
4. Mozart’s health began to break because ______
A. he had worked too hard.
B. he got too little money for the music that he had posed.
C. his music was well received by the public.
D. he had to support his family.
2019-2020年高中英语阅读理解第三部分名人故事（三）练习马克·吐温，真名塞姆·朗赫恩·克列门斯（Samuel Langhorne Clemens），是美国的幽默大师、小说家、作家，亦是著名演说家。短篇小说《百万英磅》、《竞选州长》和长篇《哈克贝里·芬历险记》、《汤姆·索亚历险记》最为人们所称道。海伦·凯勒曾言：“我喜欢马克吐温——谁会不喜欢他呢？即使是上帝，亦会钟爱他，赋予其智慧，并于其心灵里绘画出一道爱与信仰的彩虹。”威廉·福克纳称马克·吐温为“第一位真正的美国作家，我们都是继承他而来”。
One of the best known American writers is Samuel Langhorne Clemens, whose pen name is Mark Twain. Born in 1855, Twain grew up in the Mississippi River town of Hannibal, Missouri. As did many other boys of his day, Twain dreamed of traveling
on riverboats and of someday being a riverboat pilot. Twain used his memories of the life of a river town in his two most famous books, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and the Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
As a young man Twain held many jobs. He was a printer, a gold miner, and for a time, he was a riverboat pilot. During his pilot days, he adopted the name Mark Twain. This was a term used by the boatmen to mean that the water measured two fathoms, or twelve feet, which was deep enough for safe passage.
Finally Twain became a successful writer. He traveled a great deal, writing and speaking, and became very popular both in the United States and in Europe.
Twain's style of writing was simple and direct. Among the things he wrote about were superstitious people and people who were easily fooled. He used his unusual gift for humor to write about many things of importance.
prehension Questions:
1. Samuel Langhorne Clemens ______
A. was as famous as Mark Twain.
B. is better known than Mark Twain.
C. grew up in the Mississippi River town of Hannibal with Mark Twain as his friend.
D. was used by Mark Twain as his pen name.
A. a term to indicate Mark Twain.
B. a depth at which boats can safely pass.
C. was used by boatmen to measure the depth of water.
D. considered to be deep enough for pilots to swim across the river.
5. Twain’s style of writing is ______
A. humorous
B. simple
C. direct
D. all of the above. (DDBBD)
查尔斯?狄更斯—英国最伟大的作家之一
查尔斯·狄更斯，是英国文学史上唯一可与莎士比亚媲美的伟大作家。1812年2月7日生于朴次茅斯市郊，1870年6月9日卒于罗切斯特附近的盖茨山庄。一生共创作长篇小说13部半，其中多数是近百万言的大部头作品，中篇小说20余部，短篇小说数百篇，以及大量演说词、书信、散文、杂诗。其中，《圣诞颂歌》、《大卫·科波菲尔》、《双城记》最为人们所称道。他多次去欧洲大陆游历、旅居，两次访问美国。
When Charles Dickens was a small boy, he was sent by his parents to work in a boot-blacking factory. His parents had other children and many debts to pay.
Charles's father was put into prison for his debts. The boy tried to raise money enough to get him out but was unsuccessful. At last, the whole family went to live with Charles's father in his room in the Marsalsea prison. This was a mon practice and, while the prisoner could not leave the grounds, the families could go in and out freely until the gate was locked at night.
For the rest of his days, Dickens was interested in prisons. Whenever he traveled through strange towns and cities, he went to visit them, as other tourists would visit museums and palaces. Almost every book he wrote has a prison and some prisoners in it.
He had been born in 1812 and had stayed busy at one kind of work or another from the time he was six years of age. He died of a sudden stroke in 1870. He provided the world with its clearest picture of the texture of English life during the 1800's, one without which readers would never know the sounds, smells, and tastes of those long-ago days.
A. the boy couldn't raise enough money.
B. he couldn't return the money he had borrowed from others.
C. the boy was unsuccessful in making enough money in the boot-blacking factory.
D. the boy was too small to save him.
3. The mon practice of those days was ______
A. the family should go to live together with the prisoner.
B. the family members should remain in prison until the prisoner was set free.
C. the family members could stay with the prisoner and have freedom to leave or enter the prison in the daytime.
D. the family members could go in and out of the prison at any time.
4. The difference between Charles Dickens and other tourists lies in that ______
A. he liked to visit prisons while others didn't.
B. he liked to visit palaces while others didn't.
C. he was not interested in prisons while others were.
D. others showed more interest in prisons than him.
5. If you read Charles Dickens’s novels, you can ______
A. see a clearest picture.
B. hear the sounds, enjoy the smells and tastes of those long-ago days.
C. know very clearly what the life of the nineteenth century England was like.
D. know clearly how he and his family lived in the prison.
(BBCAC)
13. Goethe, Germany’s Greatest Poet
歌德—德国最伟大的诗人
约翰·沃尔夫冈·歌德(1749－1832)，是18世纪中叶到19世纪初德国和欧洲最重要的作家、诗人。歌德是德国狂飙突进运动的主将，其作品充满了反叛精神，在诗歌、戏剧、散文等方面都有较高的成就。主要作品有剧本《葛兹·冯·伯里欣根》、中篇小说《少年维特的烦恼》、未完成的诗剧《普罗米修斯》和诗剧《浮士德》的雏形《原浮士德》。此外还写了许多抒情诗和评论文章。他对世界文学宝库的巨大贡献，使他成为世界文化名人，每年逢他的生日，各国文艺界都举行纪念活动。
his close friend Kestner. Brokenhearted, he returned to Frankfurt and later discovered that Kestner had killed himself. These events form the basis of his beautiful novel The Sorrow of Young Werther, the most important literary work of the early Romantic period.
In 1786 Goethe toured Italy, and this had a strong influence on his work, allowing him to join his earlier Romantic style with the Classic idea of Greece and Rome.
His masterpiece, Faust, published in 1831, was the product of fifty years of work. It is the greatest dramatic poem in the German language.
Goethe died at Weimar in 1832. He left behind him a reputation as one of Europe's foremost writers and philosophers. Today the reputation is stronger than ever. prehension Questions:
1. When we mention the town of Frankfurt we often think of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe because ______
A. Germany's greatest literary man Goethe was born there.
B. Goethe left Frankfurt many times.
C. Goethe always thought of Frankfurt as his home.
D. Goethe loved Frankfurt.
2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? ______
A. The door of the house where Goethe once lived is always open.
B. People all over the world can go and visit the house where Goethe once lived.
C. The room in the house where Goethe once lived is the Goethe Museum.
D. There are many paintings and documents about Goethe's life and work in the house where he once lived
3. The third paragraph of the passage tells us ______
A. that Goethe fell in love with his close friend Kestner's girlfriend.
B. Goethe's return to Frankfurt.
C. that Goethe was very sad over the death of his close friend Kestner.
D. what formed the basis of Goethe's beautiful novel The Sorrow of Young Werther.
14. Winston Churchill, Famous British Statesman, Orator and Writer
温斯顿?丘吉尔—英国著名政治家、演说家和作家
温斯顿·丘吉尔，英国著名政治家、演说家、作家和记者，1953年诺贝尔文学奖得主。曾于1940－1945年和1951－1955年期间两度任英国首相，被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，领导英国获得第二次世界大战的胜利。此外，他还是被公认为世界上掌握英语词汇量最多的人（约5万多）。
Winston Churchill (1874—1965) was born into a famed family. His father was a successful politician. In October 1900, Churchill was elected to Parliament for the first time. In 1939, Germany attacked Poland, and the following year, he became the Prime Minister of England.
France fell. The Germans crushed Western Europe. Britain was on the edge of plete defeat. Was it not possible to ask for peace, and make talks with Hitler? Churchill spoke, “I have nothing to offer but blood, tears and sweat…. You ask what is our aim? I can answer in one word: Victory!”
The Germans began gathering their armies on the French coast and prepared to invade Britain. The British had not enough rifles to go around. Churchill gave the answer, “We shall defend our island, whatever cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the land ground, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills, we shall never surrender.”
By his courage, hard work and faith, Churchill inspired his people. Victory finally came when the Germans were defeated at the end of World War II.
Here is a well-known story told about Churchill.
During the Second World War, Winston Churchill was the British prime minister. One day he had to go to the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) to make an important speech to the nation.
An hour before the time of his speech, he stopped a taxi in the street and asked
the driver to take him to the BBC, but the taxi driver, who did not recognize him, said he could not take him anywhere just then, because he wanted to go back to his home at the other end of London to hear Churchill make a speech on the radio.
2. “France fell.” Here the word“fell” means ______
A. fell down
B. gave up
C. was defeated
D. was surrounded
3. Facing the Germans' invasion, Churchill decided ______
A. to defend Britain with blood, tears and sweat.
B. to get more rifles to go around.
C. to give in.
D. to inspire his people.
4. The driver refused to take Churchill to the BBC because ______
A. he hated Churchill.
B. he had something important to do.
C. he wanted to go home in the opposite direction.
D. Churchill offered him too little money.
5. From the story we could learn that Churchill was ______
A. a modest man.
B. a great man.
C. a generous man.
D. fond of listening to good words.
(BCABA)
15. Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen, Discoverer of X-rays
威廉?康拉德?伦琴—X射线的发现者
X射线的发现者威廉·康拉德·伦琴，于1845年出生在德国尼普镇。发现X射线的全部功劳都应归于伦琴，他的发现是前所未料的。而且他的发现对贝克雷尔及其他研究人员都有重要的促进作用。1901年，伦琴获得诺贝尔物理奖，是获得该项奖的第一人。他于1923年在德国慕尼黑与世长辞。
If you break your arm or leg, you will be probably sent to hospital to have an X-ray photo taken to find out just where the break is and what kind of break it is. If a child swallows a hard thing, as sometimes happens, the doctor, by the help of X-rays, will be able to find out just where it has got to in the child’s body. Every hospital has an X-ray department. Dentists also take X-ray photos of people’s teeth which do not show from the outside. X-rays were first discovered by a German scientist, Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen (1845-1923), in 1895, almost by accident.
pass not only through the black paper but also wood.
prehension Questions:
1. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______
A. some uses of X-rays.
B. what we should do when one’s arm or leg is broken.
C. that every hospital has an X-ray department.
D. that X-rays were discovered in 1895.
2. The second paragraph shows ______
A. the uses of X-rays.
B. that Rontgen and other scientists once did an experiment together.
C. that X-rays could make a screen bee bright.
D. how X-rays were discovered.
3. We know that X-rays can hardly pass through ______
A. black paper
B. bones
C. wood
D. flesh
4. The word "radiation" means ______
A. glowing.
B. going through things.
C. sending out energy, heat etc. in rays.
D. shining.
高考英语阅读理解九大题型解题思路详解 [ By: 平分秋色 ] 推荐 高考英语阅读理解九大题型解题思路详解 1．细节事实题： ⑴标志： ①题干中明确提到的时间、地点、人物等细节信息 ②针对文章中的一句或几句发问 ③题干和选项之间是因果关系 ⑵做题的关键在于：返回原文 ①根据题干中的时间、地点、人物返回原文 ②根据出题顺序返回原文（60％的准度） ③根据题干中的重点词或其同义词返回原文（如名词、动词、形容词，70％的准度） ④找原文中的难句定位，一般来说，难句都是出题点。 ⑶迷惑人的手段： ①单词替换 ②颠倒因果 ③扩大范围 ④常识判断
2．例证题： ⑴标志：case example illustration demonstration exemplify demonstrate illustrate ⑵做题的关键在于：是否能找到例子支持的论点，而不在于能否看懂例子 ⑶做题的步骤： ①首先返回原文定位该例子 ②然后80％向上、20％向下搜索该例子支持的论点 ③在四个选项中寻找与找到的论点表达最一致、意思最接近的一个才是正确答案 3．词汇题： ⑴标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组，要求辨别其意思 ⑵做题的关键在于：该单词本身并不重要，重要的是该单词的上下文 ⑶如果该单词认识，并不超出大纲，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案，其正确答案是根据上下文推测的一个更加深刻的含义 ⑷做题的方法：可以使用两种方法从上下文进行推理： ①代入替换法 ②在上下文中寻找同词性的词或词组 4．句子理解题： ⑴标志：在题干中明确指出原文中的一句话，要求理解其意思 ⑵做题的关键在于：返回原文对出题的句子进行语法解析，要精确理
一段话名人读书的故事 一段话名人读书的故事要怎么写才能表达清楚呢？下面是小编整理的一段话名人读书的故事，欢迎大家阅读！ 一段话名人读书的故事伽利略是意大利伟大的物理学家、天文学家，他在力学上的贡献是建立了落体定律，发现了物体的惯性定律、摆振动的等时性、抛物运动规律，确定了伽利略原理。他在比萨大学读书期间，就非常好奇，也经常提出一些问题，比如“行星为什么不沿着直线前进？”一类的问题，有的老师嫌他问题太多了，可他从不在乎，该问还问。有一次，伽利略得知数学家利奇来比萨游历，他就准备了许多问题去请教利奇。这一次可好了，老师诲人不倦，学生就没完没了地问。伽利略很快就学会了关于平面几何、立体几何等方面的知识，并且深人地掌握阿基米德的关于杠杆、浮体比重等理论。美籍中国物理学家、诺贝尔奖获得者李政道先生说得好：“打开一切科学的钥匙毫无疑义是问号。”因此，要想在学业上有所建树，必须有好奇之心，善问之意。 一代文豪鲁迅先生也曾是写对联的好手。少年时代的鲁迅在上学塾时，先生就教他们作对。一次，塾师寿镜吾老先生出了上联“独角兽”，让学生们对下联。立时塾房活跃起夹了，有的孩子对出“九头鸟”，有的孩子对出“三脚蟾”，
有的孩子对出“百足蟹”等等，惟独周樟寿一语不发，等课堂上平静下来后，他站起对出“比目鱼”。课堂立时悄然，没有再应对的了。寿老先生在—一评论了前者之后，最后称赞周樟寿对得最好。因为“独非数字却有一”的意思，而“比”也非数字，却相当于“二”。两者虽俱无数字却都有数的含义，真是恰到好处。经老师的点拨，同伴们佩服得五体投地，樟寿虽小却语惊四座。 他读起书来，对周围的一切就理会不到了。有一次，他的几个姐妹恶作剧，用6把椅子在他身后搭了一个不稳定的三角塔，只要列宁一动，塔就会倾倒。然而，正专心读书的列宁毫未察觉，纹丝不动。直到半小时后，他读完了预定要读的一章书，才抬起头来，木塔轰然倒塌…… 毛主尤其喜欢“动笔”读书。只要是他读过的书，他都会不厌其烦地将书中错别字和点错的标点改正了。毛主席还喜欢加批注，上学时就曾批注鲍尔生著的《伦理学原理》，在10万余字的原著上，他用工整小楷写了1万多字的批注。后来这本书被一个同学借去，直到1950年，才展转还给毛主席。毛主席又高兴地批注了自己写在书中的批语。 数学家张广厚有一次看到了一篇关于亏值的论文，觉得对自己的研究工作有用处，就一遍又一遍地反复阅读。这篇论文共20多页，他反反复复地念了半年多。因为经常的反复翻摸，洁白的书页上，留下一条明显的黑印。他的妻子对
第三部分名人故事（五） 21. Albert Einstein, a Great Scientific Thinker 艾伯特?爱因斯坦—伟大的科学思想家 艾伯特?爱因斯坦，举世闻名的德裔美国科学家，现代物理学的开创者和奠基人。爱因斯坦的狭义相对论成功地揭示了能量与质量之间的关系，解决了长期存在的恒星能源来源的难题。近年来发现越来越多的高能物理现象，狭义相对论已成为解释这种现象的一种最基本的理论工具。其广义相对论也解决了一个天文学上多年的不解之谜，并推断出后来被验证了s的光线弯曲现象，还成为后来许多天文概念的理论基础。大大推动了现代天文学的发展。 Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time. Born of Jewish parents at Ulm in Germany, he completed his education in Switzerland and got his Ph. D. at the University of Zurich. He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism in Germany and Hitler’s persecution of the Jews. In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed. If two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move, a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train is moving or the other is moving, and before he finds out what is happening, he can see that one train is moving relative to the other. From this and also from other more complicated facts, Einstein came to the conclusion that all motion is relative and that there is really no such thing as absolute motion. Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light. By 1915, Einstein had made known his General Theory of Relativity. He also improved on Newton’s theory of gravity. Most o f his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange. For his important work he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. Towards the end of his life, Einstein was asked by a group of students to explain his complicated Theory of Relativity. He said, “When you sit with a pretty girl for an hour, it seems like a minute; but when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, it seems like an hour. That is relativity.” Comprehension Questions: C. still in Switzerland at the age of twenty-six. D. still at the University of Zurich at the age of thirty-six. 3. One of the conclusions drawn by Einstein is that ______ A. planes can go faster than trains and buses. B. people couldn't run as fast as vehicles.
记叙文类作者：巩穹 （I）★★ Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取) to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling. In 1849, after graduation from medical school. she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital , she also set up the first medical school for women. 1. Why couldn't Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon? A. She couldn't get admitted to medical school B. She decided to further her education in Paris C. A serious eye problem stopped her D. It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States 2. What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth's chances for becoming for a doctor? A. She was a woman. B. She wrote too many letters. C. She couldn't graduate from medical school. D. She couldn't set up her hospital. 3. How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of her hospital? A. Eight years B. Ten years C. Nineteen years D. Thirty-six years 4. According to the passage, all of the following are “firsts”in the life of Elizabeth Blacekwell except that she ______. A. became the first woman physician B. was the first woman doctor C. and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children D. set up the first medical school for women 5. Eilzabeth Blackwell spent most of her lift in _______. A. England B. Paris C. the United States D. New York City 1-5 CAABC （II）★★★ Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, having grown by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. Denmark's agriculture minister is herself an organic farmer.
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。 下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点，寻找解题的方法。 常见题型： 1．主题型： What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2．标题型： What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) ————. 3．目的型： The main purpose of this text is ————. The author’s purpose o f writing this text is to ————. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
中国名人读书故事 在中国的历史名人中，有很多的读书故事，小编收集了中国名人读书故事，欢迎阅读。 施洋搓脚夜读 二·七大罢工著名的工人领袖施洋，幼年家道贫寒，买不起灯油。村里有一座叫隆兴观的古庙，庙里点有一盏长明灯，他就在古庙里读书。冬季寒冷，脚冻得难受。起初他不时地站起来跺脚，后来觉得这样浪费时间，便削了一根圆滑的木棍，放在脚底下，一边读书一边来回用脚搓木棍，搓暖了脚，他又能安心读书了。 鲁迅卖奖章 鲁迅在南京江南水师学堂读书时，因考试成绩优异，学校奖给他一枚金质奖章。他没有戴此奖章，作为炫耀自己的凭证，而是拿到鼓楼大街把它卖了，买回几本心爱的书和一串红辣椒。每当读书读到夜深人静、天寒体困时，他就摘下一只辣椒，分成几片，放在嘴里咀嚼，直嚼得额头冒汗，眼里流泪，嘴里“唏唏”，顿时，周身发暖，困意消除，于是又捧起书攻读。 王亚南绑在柱子上读书 我国著名的马克思主义经济学家、《资本论》最早的中文翻译者王亚南，1933年乘船去欧洲。客轮行至红海，突然巨浪滔天，船摇晃得使人无法站稳。这时，戴着眼镜的王亚南，手上拿着一本书，走 ————来源网络搜集整理，仅供个人学习查参考
进餐厅，恳求服务员说：“请你把我绑在这根柱子上吧!”服务员以为他是怕自己被浪头甩到海里去，就照他的话，将王亚南牢牢地绑在柱子上。绑好后，王亚南翻开书，聚精会神地读起来。船上的外国人看见了，无不向他投来惊异的目光，连声赞叹说：“啊！中国人，真了不起！” 黄侃误把墨汁当小菜 1915 年，著名学者黄侃在北大主讲国学。他住在北京白庙胡同大同公寓，终日潜心研究“国学”，有时吃饭也不出门，准备了馒头和辣椒、酱油等佐料，摆在书桌上，饿了便啃馒头，边吃边看书，吃吃停停，看到妙处就大叫：“妙极了！”有一次，看书入迷，竟把馒头伸进了砚台、朱砂盒，啃了多时，涂成花脸，也未觉察，一位朋友来访，捧腹大笑，他还不知笑他什么？ 曹禺真读书假洗澡 抗日战争期间，曹禺在四川江安国立剧专任教。一年夏天，有一次曹禺的家属准备了澡盆和热水，要他去洗澡，此时曹禺正在看书，爱不释手，一推再推，最后在家属的再三催促下，他才一手拿着毛巾，一手拿着书步入内室。一个钟头过去了，未见人出来，房内不时传出稀落的水响声，又一个钟头过去了，情况依旧。曹禺的家属顿生疑惑，推门一看，原来曹禺坐在澡盆里，一手拿着书看，另一只手拿着毛巾在有意无意地拍水。 陶弘景菜园求学 陶弘景菜园求学:古代的时候，对自然界产生很多误区，人们相信螺赢是将螟蛉变成自己的儿子这个荒唐的传说，还把领来的儿子叫
天才少年——比尔·盖茨 美国人比尔·盖茨靠着自己的智慧和努力，在20年里，魔术般地把900美元变成139个亿，让世人大吃一惊。有人说，盖茨和他的微软公司将会改变整个世界。 盖茨天生精力旺盛，非常好动。还是在婴儿时，他就喜欢让摇篮长时间不停地晃动，这好像很有趣。直到今天，他还是喜欢不停地摇晃，这几乎成了美国妇孺皆知的盖茨特征。他七八岁时，母亲担任社区服务工作，经常带他到学校里去给学生讲解西雅图的历史，盖茨总是坐在前排极为专心地听讲，这时好动的习惯却一点儿也找不到了。 盖茨从小志向远大。上四年级时，他就对自己的好友说：“与其做一株绿洲中的小草，还不如做一棵秃丘上的橡树。” 他和许多孩子一样，梦想成为人中豪杰。对于老师布置的作业，一概认真完成，就是花很长时间，也要尽力争第一。一次，老师让每人写一篇故事，不超过20页，他却写了100页。盖茨善于思考，喜欢创新。他觉得人人都应有自己的创造发明。 盖茨生于名门世家，但父母却不过度奢华。在母亲的安排下，一家人的吃饭、出游，包括孩子们的穿衣都弄得井井有条。家庭这种严谨、精细的作风自然而然也影响了比尔·盖茨，使他养成节俭的习惯。 “时间”和“观念”是盖茨最注重的两个条件。在他的读书笔记中清楚地记下这样一句座右铭：“机会加时间等于金钱。”自从他在中学就读后，便迷上了计算机，从此盖茨与计算机结下了不解之缘。 阅读练习 1.“这几乎成了美国妇孺皆知的盖茨特征”，联系上文，盖茨特征指的是 2.读了短文，你认为比尔·盖茨取得成功的因素有哪些 3.亿万富翁盖茨，有一次和同事去开会，由于迟到了一会儿，找不到免费停车位，同事建议付12美元停到贵宾车位。你认为盖茨会怎么想怎么做为什么 厄运中的海伦 1880年6月27日，海伦?凯勒出生在美国一个叫塔斯康比亚的小镇上。她的父亲阿德?凯勒早年是一个海军军官，卸去了军职之后，从事新闻工作，开了一家报馆，自己当报纸的总编辑。海伦的母亲性格温存而善良。当海伦降生18个月之后，一场意想不到的重病使海伦变成了一个又聋又瞎的残疾人。她听不到妈妈轻声哼的摇篮曲，看不见爸爸慈祥的面孔。她的眼前是无边无际的黑暗，耳边是死一样可怕的寂静。这个幼小的生命掉进了痛苦的深渊。 当海伦长到五六岁的时候，她聪明伶俐、思想活跃，但她不懂得人们是用语言交谈的，还以为别人也跟她一样生活在黑暗之中。为了抚育海伦成人，她的父母费尽了心血。他们带她到著名的眼科大夫那儿去就诊，试图医治好她的双眼，但他们没有成功。为了能让孩子成长起来，他们不惜花费巨额开支聘请家庭教师，希望能为她寻找到“光明”。
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 A typical child plays many roles, such as friend, neighbor, son or daughter. Simply reminding children of that fact can lead to better problem-solving and more flexible thinking, according to new research from Duke University. Better problem-solving was just one positive finding of the study, said lead author Sarah Gaither, an assistant professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke. After thinking about their own various identities, children also showed more flexible thinking about race and other social groupings—a behavior that could be valuable in an increasingly diverse society. In a series of experiments, Gaither and her colleagues looked at 196 children, ages 6 and 7. In an experiment, one group of children was reminded that they had various identities, such as son, daughter, reader or helper. A second group of children was reminded of their multiple physical attributes, such as a mouth, arms and legs. All the children then needed to handle a few tasks Children who were reminded of their various identities showed stronger problem-solving and creative thinking skills. When shown pictures of a bear staring at honey-filled beehive(蜂窝)high up in a tree, these children had more creative ideas for how the bear might get the honey, such as turning over a bowl so that it became a stool(凳子). In other words, they saw a new use for the bowl. Children who were reminded of their multiple roles also showed more flexible thinking about social groupings. When asked to categorize different photos of faces, they suggested many ways to Spso. They identified smiling faces such as unsmiling ones, and old and young faces. The other children, meanwhile, primarily grouped people's faces by race and gender(性别). The-study suggests ways to promote flexible thinking for the young, which could be especially valuable for teachers." Gaither said. "We have this tendency in our society to only think about ourselves in connection with one important group at a time," Gaither said. "When kids think that they have various identities, they show greater abilities." （1）What are all the kids asked to do in the experiments? A.Play different kinds of roles. B.Remind others of their roles. C.Approach several tasks. D.Classify a group of tasks. （2）How does the author mainly clarify the conclusions of the study in paragraph 4? A.By giving examples. B.By using experts' words. C.By listing a few figures. D.By showing cause and effect. （3）What can we learn from Sarah Gaither's words? A.Improving 5 kids flexible thinking ability is important teaching. B.Kids tend to behave selflessly after thinking about their roles. C.Kids' creative thinking ability is easy to discover and develop.
精编高中英语阅读理解题型解读大全 （一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.读首段，找关键词（人名、地名、建筑、组织名、数字或but and besides howeverso therefor）。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.围绕关键词上下看一句。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.重复品味首尾段把好主题方向 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 ●比较说明文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。
篇一：名人故事大全200字 名人故事大全200字 一、名人故事：项羽欲学万人敌 秦末农民起义领袖之一的项羽，生于楚国将官世家。小时候家里请老师教他识字，没认几个他就不肯再学下去。再让他学剑术，又没学成。项羽的叔叔项梁十分生气，骂他不长进。项羽袒露心迹说：“认字，能够写自己的名字，就足够了；剑术，只能对付一个敌人，不值得去学。我要学就学对付千军万马的本领！”于是项梁就教项羽学习兵法，终于成就了项羽“西楚霸王”的大业。 成功是诸多因素综合的结果。项羽抓住了主要因素，距离成功也就不远了。 二、名人爱国故事：杨靖宇献身抗日的故事 民族抗日英雄杨靖宇曾担任“南满抗日联军”司令，从1934年一直到1940年沙场献身为止。在艰苦征战的六年中，他身先士卒地在白山黑水、林海雪原里打击日寇。面对敌人的重兵围剿，杨靖宇率部顽强战斗，使敌人坐卧不安，惶惶不可终日。日酋对他又怕又恨，调集重兵围困。 有人劝杨靖宇投降，他斩钉截铁地说：“不，我有我的信念。”最后，弹尽粮绝，杨靖宇在打完最后一颗子弹后壮烈牺牲。敌人残忍地用刺刀剖开他的肚子，杨靖宇肚里没有一粒米，有的只是树皮、草根和棉絮。 三、中国军事人物——叶挺 叶挺（1896--1946）广东惠阳人。先后毕业于广东陆军小学堂、武昌陆军第二预备学校和保定军官学校。1924年底由共青团转入中国共产党。1925年任国民革命军第4军参谋处处长，独立团团长，率团参加了北伐战争，后升任为副师长、师长。1927年参与领导南昌起义，任前敌总指挥兼第11军军长。同年底参与领导广州起义，任工农红军总司令。抗日战争爆发后，出任新四军军长。在皖南事变中被国民党军扣押。1946年以党中央营救获释。由重庆赴延安时因飞机失事遇难。篇二：关于名人读书的故事 关于名人读书的故事 施洋搓脚夜读 二·七大罢工著名的工人领袖施洋，幼年家道贫寒，买不起灯油。村里有一座叫隆兴观的古庙，庙里点有一盏长明灯，他就在古庙里读书。冬季寒冷，脚冻得难受。起初他不时地站起来跺脚，后来觉得这样浪费时间，便削了一根圆滑的木棍，放在脚底下，一边读书一边来回用脚搓木棍，搓暖了脚，他又能安心读书了。 鲁迅卖奖章 鲁迅在南京江南水师学堂读书时，因考试成绩优异，学校奖给他一枚金质奖章。他没有戴此奖章，作为炫耀自己的凭证，而是拿到鼓楼大街把它卖了，买回几本心爱的书和一串红辣椒。每当读书读到夜深人静、天寒体困时，他就摘下一只辣椒，分成几片，放在嘴里咀嚼，直嚼得额头冒汗，眼里流泪，嘴里“唏唏”，顿时，周身发暖，困意消除，于是又捧起书攻读。王亚南绑在柱子上读书 我国著名的马克思主义经济学家、《资本论》最早的中文翻译者王亚南，1933年乘船去欧洲。客轮行至红海，突然巨浪滔天，船摇晃得使人无法站稳。这时，戴着眼镜的王亚南，手上拿着一本书，走进餐厅，恳求服务员说：“请你把我绑在这根柱子上吧!”服务员以为他是怕自己被浪头甩到海里去，就照他的话，将王亚南牢牢地绑在柱子上。绑好后，王亚南翻开书，聚精会神地读起来。船上的外国人看见了，无不向他投来惊异的目光，连声赞叹说：“啊！中国人，真了不起！”黄侃误把墨汁当小菜 1915年，著名学者黄侃在北大主讲国学。他住在北京白庙胡同大同公寓，终日潜心研究“国学”，有时吃饭也不出门，准备了馒头和辣椒、酱油等佐料，摆在书桌上，饿了便啃馒头，边
精品文档 精品文档天才少年——比尔·盖茨 美国人比尔·盖茨靠着自己的智慧和努力，在20年里，魔术般地把900美元变成139个亿，让世人大吃一惊。有人说，盖茨和他的微软公司将会改变整个世界。 盖茨天生精力旺盛，非常好动。还是在婴儿时，他就喜欢让摇篮长时间不停地晃动，这好像很有趣。直到今天，他还是喜欢不停地摇晃，这几乎成了美国妇孺皆知的盖茨特征。他七八岁时，母亲担任社区服务工作，经常带他到学校里去给学生讲解西雅图的历史，盖茨总是坐在前排极为专心地听讲，这时好动的习惯却一点儿也找不到了。 盖茨从小志向远大。上四年级时，他就对自己的好友说：“与其做一株绿洲中的小草，还不如做一棵秃丘上的橡树。” 他和许多孩子一样，梦想成为人中豪杰。对于老师布置的作业，一概认真完成，就是花很长时间，也要尽力争第一。一次，老师让每人写一篇故事，不超过20页，他却写了100页。盖茨善于思考，喜欢创新。他觉得人人都应有自己的创造发明。 盖茨生于名门世家，但父母却不过度奢华。在母亲的安排下，一家人的吃饭、出游，包括孩子们的穿衣都弄得井井有条。家庭这种严谨、精细的作风自然而然也影响了比尔·盖茨，使他养成节俭的习惯。 “时间”和“观念”是盖茨最注重的两个条件。在他的读书笔记中清楚地记下这样一句座右铭：“机会加时间等于金钱。”自从他在中学就读后，便迷上了计算机，从此盖茨与计算机结下了不解之缘。 阅读练习 1.“这几乎成了美国妇孺皆知的盖茨特征”，联系上文，盖茨特征指的是 2.读了短文，你认为比尔·盖茨取得成功的因素有哪些？ 3.亿万富翁盖茨，有一次和同事去开会，由于迟到了一会儿，找不到免费停车位，同事建议付12美元停到贵宾车位。你认为盖茨会怎么想？怎么做？为什么？ 厄运中的海伦 1880年6月27日，海伦?凯勒出生在美国一个叫塔斯康比亚的小镇上。她的父亲阿德?凯勒早年是一个海军军官，卸去了军职之后，从事新闻工作，开了一家报馆，自己当报纸的总编辑。海伦的母亲性格温存而善良。当海伦降生18个月之后，一场意想不到的重病使海伦变成了一个又聋又瞎的残疾人。她听不到妈妈轻声哼的摇篮曲，看不见爸爸慈祥的面孔。她的眼前是无边无际的黑暗，耳边是死一样可怕的寂静。这个幼小的生命掉进了痛苦的深渊。 当海伦长到五六岁的时候，她聪明伶俐、思想活跃，但她不懂得人们是用语言交谈的，还以为别人也跟她一样生活在黑暗之中。为了抚育海伦成人，她的父母费尽了心血。他们带她到著名的眼科大夫那儿去就诊，试图医治好她的双眼，但他们没有成功。为了能让孩子成长起来，他们不惜花费巨额开支聘请家庭教师，希望能为她寻找到“光明”。
高中阅读理解题型解读（教师版） （一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 ●比较说明文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。 3.应用文 应用文涉及的范围比较广，包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁，省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息，并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。 阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题(是指在短文中客观存在的事实，客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的具体事实或抽象概念)和主观理解题(这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，须通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深理解，并据此进行判断和推理)。其中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给学生进行解题方法
闻一多醉书 闻一多读书成瘾，一看就“醉”，就在他结婚的那天，洞房里张灯结彩，热闹非凡。大清早亲朋好友都来登门贺喜，直到迎亲的花轿快到家时，人们还到处找不到新郎。急得大家东寻西找，结果在书房里找到了他。他仍穿着旧袍，手里捧着一本书人了迷。怪不得人家说他不能看书，一看就要“醉”。 华罗庚猜书 著名数学家华罗庚读书的方法与众不同。他拿到一本书，不是翻开从头至尾地读，而是对着书思考一会，然后闭目静思。他猜想书的谋篇布局，斟酌完毕再打开书，如果作者的思路与自己猜想的一致，他就不再读了。华罗庚这种猜读法不仅节省了读书时间，而已培养了自己的思维力和想象力，不至于使自己沦为书的奴隶。 侯宝林抄书 相声语言大师侯宝林只上过三年小学，由于他勤奋好学，使他的艺术水平达到了炉火纯青的程度，成为有名的语言专家。有一次，他为了买到自己想买的一部明代笑话书《谑浪》，跑遍了北京城所有的旧书摊也未能如愿。后来，他得知北京图书馆有这部书，就决定把书抄回来。适值冬日，他顶着狂风，冒着大雪，一连十八天都跑到图书馆里去抄书，一部十多万字的书，终于被他抄录到手。
张广厚吃书 数学家张广厚有一次看到了一篇关于亏值的论文，觉得对自己的研究工作有用处，就一遍又一遍地反复阅读。这篇论文共20多页，他反反复复地念了半年多。因为经常的反复翻摸，洁白的书页上，留下一条明显的黑印。他的妻子对他开玩笑说，这哪叫念书啊，简直是吃书。 高尔基救书 世界文豪高尔基对书感情独深，爱书如命。有一次，他的房间失火了，他首先抱起的是书籍，其它的任何东西他都不考虑。为了抢救书籍，他险些被烧死。他说：“书籍一面启示着我的智慧和心灵，一面帮助我在一片烂泥塘里站起来，如果不是书籍的话，我就沉没在这片泥塘里，我就要被愚蠢和下流淹死。”
中外名人故事阅读试题集团企业公司编码：（LL3698-KKI1269-TM2483-LUI12689-ITT289-
《中外名人故事》导读题 一、填空题： 1.孔子编写了《＿＿＿＿》一书，开创了私人修史的先例。（春秋P3） 2.商鞅第二次改革的主要内容是：一、废＿＿＿＿，升阡陌，二、建立县的组织，三、迁都＿＿＿＿。（井田，咸阳P5） 3.楚怀王在位时，屈原因奸人诬告，惨遭流放，在汉北边境处，他写下了千古绝唱《＿＿＿＿》。（离骚P9） 4.李广在凶奴军中赢得＿＿＿＿称号。（“汉之飞将军”P13） 5.汉匈友好的和平使者是＿＿＿＿，她为胡汉两族人民和睦亲善与团结，做出了巨大贡献。（王昭君P15） 6.张骞两次出使西域，开拓了＿＿＿＿，完全可以称之为中国走向世界的第一人。（丝绸之路P18） 7.＿＿＿＿的发明者是蔡伦，它与印刷术、指南针和＿＿＿＿是中国古代的“四大发明”。（造纸术、火药P20） 8.张衡对记录下来的地震现象经过细心的考察和试验，发明了一个能测地震的仪器，叫＿＿＿＿。（地动仪P22） 9.华佗是一位神医，他很重视体育煅炼对人体健康的作用，创造了一种叫“＿＿＿＿”的体育运动。（五禽戏P28） 10.被后人尊为书圣的是＿＿＿＿，他一生最好的书法，首推＿＿＿＿。（王羲之《兰亭集序》）
11.祖冲之编写了一本《缀术》，他最杰出的贡献是求得相当精确的＿＿＿＿。（圆周率P35） 12.被称为中华药王的是＿＿＿＿，他是世界上＿＿＿＿的发明者。（孙思邈、导尿术P37） 13.唐朝着名高僧、佛学家＿＿＿＿为弘扬佛教，只身一人去＿＿＿＿取经。（玄奘、印度P40） 14.唐代最伟大的浪漫主义诗人是＿＿＿＿。李白P46） 15.毕昇发明了＿＿＿＿，在这之前用的是＿＿＿＿印刷术。（活字印刷术、雕版P48） 16.“人生自古谁无死，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿”，这句话是民族英雄＿＿＿＿说的。（留取丹心照汗青，文天祥P49） 17.郑和共＿＿＿＿次下西洋，最后一次前往麦加，实现一生的宿愿。他是中国古代最伟大的＿＿＿＿。（7次、航海家） 18.李时珍几十年如一日，写成了药物学巨着＿＿＿＿，被达尔文称为“＿＿＿＿”。（《本草纲目》、中国古代医学的百科全书P59） 19.徐霞客是伟大的地理学家和旅行家，他写下的游记经过后人整理成书，即着名的《＿＿＿＿》。（徐霞客游记P62） 20.郑成功从荷兰侵略者手里收复了我国神圣领土＿＿＿＿，成为我国历史上杰出的＿＿＿＿。（台湾、民族英雄P66） 21.一代宗师齐白石被授予“＿＿＿＿”称号。（人民艺术家P71） 22.鲁迅是中国现代文学的主将是＿＿＿＿，他原名为＿＿＿＿。（周树人P72）