2014年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
科目代码： 850 科目名称：翻译理论与实践适用专业名称：外国语言学及应用语言学（翻译）考生注意：请将答案写在答题纸上，写在本题签及草纸上无效。考试后本题签同答题纸一并交回。
一、从翻译史的角度简述下列名词（共4题，每题5分，合计20分）
1.鲁迅
2.玄奘
3.严复
4.林则徐
二、词汇翻译（共15题，每题2分。合计30分）
将句子里的划线词汇翻译成相应的汉语，翻译时可以做相应的变化，如hesitate既可译成“犹豫”，也可以翻译成“犹犹豫豫”或“犹豫再三”等，但以现在语境中的词义为最优选择，所以，英语的名词未必翻译成汉语的名词。
1. As my own studies have advanced, I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies.
2. Furthermore, cycads removed from their native habitats —and consequently from insects native to those habitats — are usually infertile.
3. To use a computer analogy, minor rounding-off errors occur commonly and are analogous to imprecision.
4. Influenced by the view of some 20th century feminists, some historians have underestimated the significance of the woman suffrage.
5. Exercise can increase your metabolic rate.
6. The belief that art originates in intuitive rather than rational faculties was worked out historically and philosophically in the somewhat wearisome volumes of Benedetto Croce.
7. Most striking among the lots of asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement.
8. The kinship relations structured and unified tribes and clans when societies were smaller.
9. How scholars view these attempts to impart alphabetic literacy has consequently been colored by historians’ judgments of the consequences of missionary activity.
10. A cornerstone of classical empiricism has been the notion that every true generalization must be confirmable by specific observations.
11. Hardy wanted to transcend what he considered to be the banality of solely recording things exactly and to express as well his awareness of the occult and the strange.
12. If individuals on the edge of a group are more vigilant for the reason that they are at greater risk of
being captured, then individuals on average would have to be more vigilant in smaller groups.
13. Modern archaeological finds still can contribute much to the study of ancient literature.
14. Gutman emphasizes the preference for stable monogamy and points out what stable monogamy meant for the slaves’ cultural heritage.
15. Prices were volatile, fluctuating between $20 and $40.
三、英汉翻译（共1题，合计50分）
Books are the best of things, well used; abused, among the worst. What is the right use? What is the one end which all means go to effect? They are for nothing but to inspire. I had better never see a book, than to be warped by its attraction clean out of my own orbit, and made a satellite instead of a system. The one thing in the world, of value, is the active soul. This every man is entitled to; this every man contains within him, although, in almost all men, obstructed, and as yet unborn. The book, the college, the school of art, the institution of any kind, stop with some past utterance of genius. This is good, say they, let us hold by this. They pin me down. They look backward and not forward. But genius looks forward: the eyes of man are set in his forehead, not in his hind head; man hopes, genius creates.
I would not be hurried by any love of system, by any exaggeration of instincts, to underrate the Book. We all know, that, as the human body can be nourished on any food, though it were boiled grass and the broth of shoes, so the human mind can be fed by any knowledge. There is then creative reading as well as creative writing. When the mind is braced by labor and invention, the page of whatever book we read becomes luminous with manifold allusion. Every sentence is doubly significant, and the sense of our author is as broad as the world. We then see, what is always true, that, as the see r’s hour of vision is short and rare among heavy days and months, so is its record perchance, the least part of his volume.
四、汉英翻译（共1题，合计50分）
最令人怵目惊心的一件事，是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下的移动，每移动一下就是表示我们的寿命已经縮短了一部分。再看看墙上挂着的可以一张张撕下的日历，每天撕下一张就是表示我们的寿命又缩短了一天。因为时间即生命。没有人不爱惜他的生命，但很少人珍视他的时间。如果想在有生之年做一点什么事，学一点什么学问，充实自己，帮助别人，使生命成为有意义，不虚此生，那么就不可浪费光阴。这道理人人都懂,可是很少人真能积极不懈的善为利用他的时间。
我自己就是浪费了很多时间的一个人。我不打麻将，我不经常的听戏看电影，几年中难得一次，我不长时间看电视，通常只看半个小时，我也不串门子闲聊天。有人问我：“那么你大部分时间都做了些什么呢？”我痛自反省，我发现，除了职务的必须及人情上所不能免的活动之外，我的时间大部分都浪费了。我应该集中精力，读我所未读过的书。我应该利用所有时间，写我所要写的东西。但是我没能这样做。我的好多的时间都糊里糊涂的混过去了，“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。”