新闻英语的分类: 软新闻硬新闻
硬新闻（Hard News）和软新闻（Soft News）是西方新闻界新闻业务中老生常谈的两个基本概念。在英、美及澳大利亚大学新闻系的新闻写作教材中，硬、软新闻的分类之所以成为喋喋不休的话题，是因为对这两种新闻形式的科学区分直接涉及对新闻报道类别和写作方法的确认。对此问题的宏观把握有着重大的理论和实践意义。它们的主要分法是：将硬新闻和软新闻一分为二，在这两个巨大的框架之下对新闻文体进行分类，然后再研究导语和主干的关系。这种两分法似乎可以这样概括：
硬新闻：一种强调时间性和重大性的动态新闻形式，重在迅速传递消息。
软新闻：一种注重引起读者兴趣的新闻形式，重在引起受众的情感呼应。比如愉悦或深思等，更多地强调人类兴趣。
二者之间的联系：都是新闻；新闻价值的诸种要素（如时间性、重要性、接近性等）都起作用。
二者之间的区别：
1．要求重点不同：硬新闻重在迅速传递信息，强调时间性，多为动态新闻和现场报道。软新闻重在引起读者兴趣和情感呼应。
2．尽管新闻价值和诸种要素都起作用（特别是时间和重大性），但硬新闻要求的程度较高，软新闻要求的程度相对较低。
3．写作方面：硬新闻有一定之规（在大多数情况下沿用倒金字塔结构）；软新闻则不拘一格。硬新闻直接了当，简明扼要，形式简练，具有直接性；软新闻样式复杂，细节描写和记者感情色彩占据重要地拉，具有间接性。硬新闻形式上基本是动态新闻，软新闻则有软消息和特写之分。
4．在新闻导语方面，硬新闻将最重要的事实放在最前面，要求开门见山，一语中的，概括新闻的中心。软新闻导语则不拘一格，有较大的宽容性。
概而言之，新闻的基本形式是硬新闻和软新闻；它们的侧重点不同，导语和文体写作要求也不同。
由此出发，可以这样认为，硬新闻即动态新闻。除动态新闻以外的新闻都可以划入软新闻。软新闻是一个大类，其中包括不少品种，在西方新闻学中，它基本包括“软消息”（Brief soft news）和“特写”（Feature story）。尽管国内的报刊实践形成了许多有特色的新闻文体（例如：新闻素描，评述性消息，经验性消息，综合消息，人物消息，典型报道和通讯等除动态新闻以外的新闻体裁），但它们仍可以被软新闻囊括。区分硬软新闻的关键依据在于时间性和重要性。硬新闻强调时效性，时效性是第一位的。软新闻的“软”不是指“软绵绵的故事”，而是指在时效性、重要性方面不如动态新闻那样“过硬”。
短文填词 A Father and I left early．These shopping trips used to be．Mother’s business，so it was (不寻常的)for us to go into town 1．together．We waited for over an hour before the bus d up 2 finally．Father was polite and stood (旁边)while others 3． all climbed ohto it，so the time we got on，there were no 4．seats．We had to all the way into town．At last we arrived，5． cold and (疲惫)．“I’m hungry，”I said．Father took me to 6． a r for lunch．We were preparing to visit my grandmother，7． who lived in a cold (北方的)province．So we decided 8 ． to get some clothes．We’went from shop to shop，b shoes．9． It was very late we visited the last shop for my coat．10． B With the social development and progress, TV has become a necessity for people at home Nowadays，almost every family has a TV set，and a______ 1. ____________ everyone likes watching TV．TV has become ________ of our life． 2 ____________ TV has many _______，for example，it informs us of the 3. ____________ _____(最新的) news that is happening in the world；it can open our 4. ____________ eyes，e _____ our knowledge and also help us to see more 5. ____________ about the world．____ (然而) ，it also has some disadvantages．People 6. ____________ waste too much time _______ watching TV and their normal life 7. ____________ and work are _______(影响)．To the children who spend too 8. ____________ much time in watching TV，it can do ______ to their sight 9 ____________ and health．So we should ______ (控制) the time of watching TV．10.______________ C. At 3:00 this afternoon, the teachers and students in Senior Three as well as our parents a_______ the grown-up ceremony 56. ___ __ held in the school hall, ____ theme is “Growth and responsibility”. 57. ___ ___ ____, we made an oath(宣誓), and then a student, representing all of us, 58. ___ made a speech, ____(表达)our thanks to not only our parents but also 59. ____ __ our teachers and talking about our g____ ideals. After that, 60. ___ some teachers and parents offered us their_______(祝贺) and 61. ______ expressed their expectations for our f_____. Finally, we watched 62. _____ wonderful performances p__ on by students from different classes. 63. _______ The ceremony was over, but it has made me _____ that I 64. __ __ have ______（成长）up and I am supposed to shoulder the responsibility 65. ___ ___ D With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more people are pouring into big cities, ________ causes so much 56．___________ trouble.__________the growth of the population, city problems 57．___________
英语新闻词汇大全 accredited journalist n. 特派记者advertisement n．广告． advance n．预发消息；预写消息 affair n．桃色新闻；绯闻 anecdote n．趣闻轶事 assignment n．采写任务 attribution n. 消息出处，消息来源 back alley news n. 小道消息backgrounding n．新闻背景 Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。banner n．通栏标题 beat n．采写范围 blank vt. "开天窗" body n. 新闻正文 boil vt．压缩(篇幅) box n. 花边新闻 brief n. 简讯 bulletin n．新闻简报 byline n. 署名文章 caption n．图片说明 caricature n．漫画 carry vt．刊登 cartoon n．漫画 censor vt. 审查(新闻稿件)，新闻审查chart n．每周流行音乐排行版 clipping n．剪报 column n．专栏；栏目 columnist n．专栏作家
continued story 连载故事;连载小说contributing editor 特约编辑 contribution n．(投给报刊的)稿件;投稿contributor n．投稿人 copy desk n．新闻编辑部 copy editor n．文字编辑 correction n．更正(启事) correspondence column读者来信专栏correspondent n.驻外记者；常驻外埠记者cover vt．采访;采写 cover girl n. 封面女郎 covert coverage 隐性采访;秘密采访 crop vt．剪辑(图片) crusade n．宣传攻势 cut n．插图vt．删减(字数) cut line n．插图说明 daily n．日报 dateline n．新闻电头 deadline n．截稿时间 dig vt．深入采访；追踪(新闻线索)；“挖”(新闻) digest n．文摘 editorial n．社论 editorial office 编辑部 daily 日报 morning edition 晨报 evening edition 晚报 quality paper 高级报纸 popular paper 大众报纸 evening paper 晚报
（课外）高中英语阅读短文之《高考》 阅读短文并回答问题 The air crackles with expectation in China’s tiny eastern town of Maotanchang ahead of the“gaokao”,the annual national college entrance exam.More than9million students are taking this year. The town is famous for a middle school that puts students through strict14-hour days in preparation for the exam,which is usually spread over two days. This year about9.4million students will appear,the Xinhua state news agency said,roughly the same number since2014and down from a peak of10.5million in2010.The fiercely competitive test is seen as a key to social mobility and the best chance for school leavers to land a white-collar job. Just40percent of students are expected to enrol in undergraduate degrees subsequently,however,Xinhua said,citing the 2017enrolment plan of the education ministry. But the exception is Maotanchang Middle School,whose website says80percent to90percent of its students have won college acceptances since2010. “My mother gave up her job and came here to keep me company,”said Xiang Licheng,a20-year-old who came to Maotanchang to prepare for a second attempt at the exam.He said the school had taught him endurance,among other life skills.“Every time I don’t feel like studying,I will not relax,as I see the hardship my mother goes through in caring for me,”Xiang said. Restaurant owner Zhang Xunze said he moved to Maotanchang three years ago so his son could attend the school.“We thought life was too boring and had nothing to do.So we gathered some money and started this restaurant,”said49-year-old Zhang,whose business is a short walk from the school gate. In the lead-up to the exams,students took part in incense-burning ceremonies to pray for good luck.They also released into the sky floating lanterns with“gaokao”messages.
Into a world of dreams WHETHER we admit it or not, once we hid a dream in our hearts: to discover a new world, whether inside a wardrobe (衣橱) or on the other side of a mirror, and have an exciting adventure there. A girl called Alice does just this in Alice in Wonderland, a 3D film which comes out on March 5. The movie is more than a *remake of the children’s literary classic (文学经典). It features an imaginative twist (改编) on English writer Lewis Carroll’s beloved 1865 story. Carroll’s Alic e follows a talking white rabbit underground. There she jumps through a mirror to find a garden and meets many strange characters. But in the new film, Alice is 17 and is attending a party, at which she is proposed (求婚) to by a wealthy suitor (追求者). She runs away, following a rabbit into a hole and ends up in Wonderland, a place she visited many years before, but doesn’t remember. The rabbit says that she has returned because she is the only one who can save Wonderland from the Red Queen’s reign (统治) of terror. The new Alice story is as profound (深刻的) as the original. Many people believe it is a story about the existence (存在) of non-existence –something that is immaterial but existent. This piece of dialogue between Alice and the Red Queen illustrates (解释) the point: “Take a bone from a dog. What remains?”, asked the Red Queen. Alice considered: “The bone wouldn’t remain. And the dog wouldn’t remain; it would come to bite (咬) me –and I’m sure I shouldn’t remain!” “Then you think nothing would remain?” said the Red Queen. “I think that’s the answer”. “Wrong,” said the Red Queen: “the dog’s temper (脾气) would remain.” Thus, Alice’s journey down the hole turns out to be a philosopher’s quest (追寻) for true knowledge. In Sophie’s World by Norwegian author Jostein Gaarder, the philosopher tells Sophie she must think like a child to be a true philosopher. Wonderland is the place to do this, to release your inhibitions (压抑), let go of pre-conceptions (偏见) and really get to grips (掌握) with reality. I had fun with ... T HIS winter break I haven’t spent much time with my parents. Today, I felt I should make it up to them. This morning, I went with them to the gym and while my mom exercised, I played basketball with my dad. Even though he’s middle-aged, he still has some juice in him. He actually beat (打败) me. After that, we went to eat lunch at a local dim sum (点心) restaurant. It was full. We decided that it wasn’t worth it and we went to an American restaurant that my parents went to when they were young. The food was really good. I was surprised at the fact that my parents liked food other than Chinese. As for me, I get a little bored with Chinese food since I eat it every day. I wanted to explore. We ended up eating a load of food, including chicken wings, clam chowder (a kind of soup that came from England), and even New York steak (牛排) with a steamed (蒸) potato. Stuffed (塞满的) with food, we decided to take a walk in a mall. We looked through a lot of clothes stores. This part of the day was my least favorite because my parents didn’t let me buy anything. But it was still nice to look through some cool clothes and more. Later, we found a movie theater. My mom wanted to see a movie called It’s Complicated. But there were no tickets left so we went to see Up in the Air. It was a pretty good film. It’s a movie about the importance of famil y life. This day has taught me that once in a while, it is OK to spend time with your family. Parents can be fun when they are not pressuring (施压) you about homework or school.
英语新闻词汇大全accreditedjournalistn.特派记者advertisementn．广告．advancen．预发消息；预写消息affairn．桃色新闻；绯闻anecdoten．趣闻轶事assignmentn．采写任务attributionn.消息出处，消息来源backalleynewsn.小道消息backgroundingn．新闻背景Badnewstravelsquickly.坏事传千里。bannern．通栏标题 beatn．采写范围 blankvt."开天窗"bodyn.新闻正文boilvt．压缩(篇幅) boxn.花边新闻 briefn.简讯 bulletinn．新闻简报 bylinen.署名文章 captionn．图片说明caricaturen．漫画 carryvt．刊登 cartoonn．漫画 censorvt.审查(新闻稿件)，新闻审查
chartn．每周流行音乐排行版 clippingn．剪报 columnn．专栏；栏目 columnistn．专栏作家continuedstory连载故事;连载小说contributingeditor特约编辑 contributionn．(投给报刊的)稿件;投稿contributorn．投稿人 copydeskn．新闻编辑部 copyeditorn．文字编辑 correctionn．更正(启事) correspondencecolumn读者来信专栏correspondentn.驻外记者；常驻外埠记者 covervt．采访;采写 covergirln.封面女郎 covertcoverage隐性采访;秘密采访 cropvt．剪辑(图片) crusaden．宣传攻势 cutn．插图vt．删减(字数)cutlinen．插图说明dailyn．日报 datelinen．新闻电头 deadlinen．截稿时间 digvt．深入采访；追踪(新闻线索)；“挖”(新 闻) digestn．文摘
政治 常见政治问题新闻词汇 ●Sanction制裁 ●Anarchy无政府状态 ●Ballot选票 ●Boycott联合抵制 ●Truce休战 ●Activist激进分子 ●Asylum政治庇护 ●Bill议案 ●Violate违反 ●Treaty协定 ●Parliament国会 ●House of commons下议院 ●Senate参议院 ●Congressman国会/众议院议员 ●Court法庭[院] ●House of lords上议院 ●Congress（美国等国的）国会、议会●Senator参议员 ●Legislature立法机关、立法机构 ●Procurator检察官 ●Security forces安全部队 ●Campaign运动选举 ●Cease-fire停火●Armed forces武装部队 ●Expel驱逐，放逐 ●Cabinet内阁 ●Casualty伤亡 ●Diplomatic tie外交关系 ●Ambassador大使，使节 ●Inflation通话膨胀 ●Reject否决 ●Statement声明 ●Interfere干涉 ●Unseat罢免 ●Protest示威 ●Democracy民主 ●Proposal提议 ●Domestic affairs内政 ●Resignation辞职 ●Impeach弹劾 ●Insurgent造反者，反抗国内政权的人●Multi-party elections多党选举 ●Amnesty特赦 ●Curfew宵禁 ●Anarchism无政府主义 ●Ballot选举票，投票，票数，投票 常见政治头衔新闻词汇 ●President总统 ●Premier总理 ●Secretary of state国务卿●Prime minister首相 ●Chief executive行政长官●Deputy president副总统●Foreign minister外长 ●Finance minister财长 ●Secretary-general秘书长●Chairman主席 新闻中出现的中国时政的词汇 ●Rapid economic growth快速经济增长 ●Disparate development发展不平衡 ●Flood-prevention project防洪工程 ●Building redundant project重复建设 ●Work contracted to households包干到户 ●Strive for a relatively comfortable life奔小康 ●Lighten the burden on the peasant（farmers）减轻农民负担●A constructive strategic partnership建设性战略伙伴关系 外交用词 ●Ambassador大使●Diplomacy外交●Consulate领事馆，领事任期，领事 的职位
Agriculture 农业 General term 一般词汇 land, soil 土壤 arable land, tilled land 耕地 dry soil 旱田 fertile soil 沃土,肥沃的土壤 humus 腐殖质 irrigable land 水浇地 lean soil, poor soil 贫瘠土壤 wasteland, barren land 荒地 grass 草 grassland 草地 meadow 草甸 prairie 大草原 pasture land 牧场 to lie fallow 休闲 fallow 休闲地 stubble, stubble field 亩茬地 straw, hay 稿杆 rural population 农村人口 rural exodus 农村迁徙 land reform, agrarian reform 土地改革 mechanization of farming 农业机械化 mechanized farming 机械化耕作 farm 农场 cattle farm 奶牛场 ranch 大农场,牧场 hacienda 庄园 holding 田产 plot, parcel, lot 地块 cooperative farm 合作农场 collective farm 集体农场 country, countryside 农村 countryman 农民,农夫 countrywoman 农民,农妇 agronomist 农学家 latifundium, large landed estate 大农场主 farmer 农户 producer 农业工人 settle 佃户 landowner 地主,土地拥有者 absentee landlord 外居地主 smallholder, small farmer 小农 rancher 牧场主 tenant farmer, leaseholder 土地租用人 sharecropper 佃农 ploughman 农夫,犁田者 farm labourers 农场工人,农业工人 (美作:farm laborers)
11.常用新闻英语词汇. 政治、法律、外交 1. Abortive coup attempt流产政变 2. Absent trial缺席审判 3. Absentee voting缺席投票 1 4. Absolute majority绝对多数 5. Absolute monarchy君主专制政体 6. Abstain from voting放弃,不投票 7. Abstention弃权 8. Accord协定,一致 9. Accredited journalist特记者 10. Acting president代总统 11. Action platform行动纲领 12. Action policy行动方针,实施方针 13. Administration party执政党 14. Administrative authorities行政当局 15. Administrative injunction行政命令 16. Administrative policy speech施政演 17. Advanced countries发达国家 18. Advisory body顾问团 19. Advisory committee咨询委员会 20. Agenda会议事项,议事日程 21. Agreed formula商定的方安 22. Aid-giving agency援助机构 23. Alien domination外国统治 24. Allied powers同盟国 25. All-out ban全面禁止 26. Ambassador-at-large巡回大使 27. Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary特命全权大使 28. Amendment修正案,附加条款 29. Amicable relation友好关系 30. Amnesty 31. Anarchy大赦 32. Annex(领土)合并,兼并 33. Anxious澳、新、美三国防御体系 34. Appeasement policy绥靖政策 35. Appropriate authorities有关当局
新闻报道类 （I）★★★ MONTREAL (Reuters) – Crossing the US-Canada border（边界）to go to church on a Sunday （安全）rules. cost a US citizen ＄10,000 for breaking Washington’s strict new security The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they shop, eat and go to church. There are many such situations in these areas along the largely unguarded 5,530-mile border between Canada and the US-which in some cases actually runs down the middle of streets or through buildings. As a result, Albert says he did not expect any problems three weeks ago when he returned home to the US after attending church in Canada, as usual. The US customs（海关）station in this are is closed on Sundays, so be just drove around the locked gate, as he had done every weekend since the gate appeared last May, following a tightening of border security. Two days later. Albert was told to go to the customs office, where an officer told him he had been caught on camera crossing the border illegally（非法）. Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed, but the US stopped a similar program last May. That forces the people to a 200-mile detour along hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint. Albert has requested that the customs office change their decisions on the fine, but he has not attended a Sunday church since. “I feel like I’m living in a prison,” he said. 1．We learn from the text that Richard Albert is . A．an American living in Township 15 B．a Canadian living in a Quebec village C．a Canadian working in a customs station D．an American working in a Canadian church 2．Albert was fined because he . A．failed to obey traffic rules B．broke the American security rules C．worked in St. Pamphile without a pass D．damaged the gate of the customs office 3．The underlined word “detour” in paragraph 5 means . A．a drive through the town B．a race across the fields C．a roundabout way of travelling D．a journey in the mountain area 4．What would be the best title for the text? A．A Cross-country Trip B．A Special Border Pass C．An Unguarded Border D．An Expensive Church Visit 1-4 ABCD （II）★★ A young British sailor was missing at sea yesterday in similar circumstances(情况)to the way his father died five years ago．
新闻听力常见词汇总结（一） 一．国际事务：- negotiations，delegate，delegation，summit 峰会- charter n. 特许状，执照，宪章- pledge n. 诺言，保证，誓言，抵押，信物，保人，祝愿- vt. 许诺，保证，使发誓，抵押，典当，举杯祝……健康- vt. 特许，发给特许执照- promote peace 促进和平- boost economic co-op 加强经济合作- make concession/compromise 作出妥协- pass a resolution 通过决议- sanction n. 核准，制裁，处罚，约束力- vt. 制定制裁规则，认可，核准，同意- default n. 违约，不履行责任，缺席，默认值- vt. 疏怠职责，缺席，拖欠，默认- vi. 疏怠职责，缺席，拖欠，默认- veto a bill 否决议案- break the deadlock 打破僵局- a scientific breakthrough 科学突破- an unexpected outcome 出乎意料的结果- sign/ratify an accord/deal/treaty/pact/agreement 签署协议-diplomatically isolated country 在外交上被孤立的国家- diplomatic solutions 外交解决方案-
hot spot 热点- take hostilities toward..... 对……采取敌对态度-ethnic cleansing 种族排斥- refugee，illegal aliens 非法移民- mediator 调解员- national convention 国民大会- fight corruption 反腐败- corrupted election 腐败的选举- peace process 和平进程- give a boost to... 促进- booming economy 促进经济发展- mutual benefits/interests 双赢- Defense Minister，evacuate，flee from Pentagon 五角大楼-impose/break a deadline 规定/打破最后期限- retaliate 报复- banking reform 金融改革- commissioner 代表- go bankrupt 破产- file for bankruptcy 提出破产- deputy 代表- external forces 外部力量- speculate，disarmament agreement 裁军协议-
英语专业与非英语专业学生选用词典的差异 厦门大学外文学院08级英专四班，翁凡茸 学号：12020082203202 摘要：有效使用英语工具书是当今英语学习的趋势。本文通过比较分析市面上主流词典的收词、释义风格、例证与编排，来区分英语专业与非英语专业选用词典的差异，以期为各类人群选择合适自己的英语工具书提出建设性意见。 关键词：词典，英语专业，非英语专业 一、引言 由于英语专业学生与非英语专业学生在英语基础、学习进程与就业方向等方面有着较大的差异，故在挑选适合自己的英语工具书时，标准也有明显的不同。目前，市场上的各大词典有的专为英语专业学习者量身定做，有的则为非专业的英语爱好者打造。如何选择适合自己的英语工具书，则是一门重要的学问。以下我们将对各种工具书的功能与特点进行介绍与分析，以明确区分英语专业与非英语专业学生选用词典的差异。 二、正文
1.浅谈英语专业学生应当如何选用词典 根据调查研究，每两种语言互译之后，在整体含义上至少存在70%的差异。所以对于英语专业的学生来说，英汉词典甚至有可能成为学习途中的绊脚石。比如：breakfast在英语词典中是这样解释的：the first meal of the day，它的准确意思是“一天的第一顿饭”而不是“早餐”的意思。因此，学习英语过程中，对于每个单词的认识，应当在其语言本身中认识，而不是运用汉语来解释，这样读者才能体会到词与词之间细微的差异。由此可见，要想真正学好英语，英语专业学生应当开始跳出汉英词典的窠臼，开始接触英英词典 英英词典最大的好处就是提供了一个纯英语的环境。通过查词典可以增加英语的阅读量，而看懂英语释义的过程就是学习用英语思考、用英语理解的过程，这可以帮助你跳过中文的中间环节，直接理解单词的含义。从而提高你的英语反应速度。如果要真正学好英语，至少一定要有一本英英词典。另外，使用英英词典能够增加语感，准确理解英语单词的词义及用法，有助于培养英语学习者书面语和口语的准确表达及语言技能的恰当运用。（陈玉珍，2003：2） 以下介绍几部适合英语专业学生使用的英英词典： （1）《柯林斯高级英语学习词典》（Collins Cobuild Advanced learner's Dictionary）
传播学英语专业词汇 传播 Communication 内向/自我传播 Intrapersonal Communication 人际传播 Interpersonal Communication 群体传播 Group Communication 组织传播 Organization Communication 大众传播 Mass Communication 单向传播 One-Sided Communication 双向传播 Two-Sided Communication 互动传播 Interactive Communication 媒介 Media 大众传播媒介 Mass Media 新媒介 New Media 新闻洞 News Hold 新闻价值 News Value 传播者 Communicator 主动传播者 Active Communicator 受传者/受众/阅听大众 Audience 受众兴趣 Audience Interest 受众行为 Audience Activity 信息 Information 信号 Signal 讯息 Message 信息熵 Entropy 冗余/冗余信息 Redundancy 传播单位 Communication Unit 奥斯古德模式 Osgood Model 编码 Encode 解码 Decode 信源 Source 传播的数学理论 Mathematical Theory of Communication 传播渠道 Communication Channel 有效传播 Effective Communication 传播效果 Effects 知识沟 Knowledge-Gap 使用与满足模式 Uses and Gratifications Model 使用与依从模式 Uses and Dependencys Model 口传系统 System of Oral Communication 地球村 Global Village 内爆 Implosion 全球化 Globalization 本土化 Localization 数字化 Digitalization 电子空间 Cyber Space