T eam Control Number
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T2 F2
T3 Problem Chosen F3
T4 A F4
2014 Mathematical Contest in Modeling (MCM) Summary Sheet
(Attach a copy of this page to each copy of your solution paper.)
Repeaters Coordination And Distribution
February 6,2015
Abstract
In this paper, it aims to computing problem on Relay Strategy (repeaters coordination and distribution). According to advanced radio cellular coverage technology, usage of frequency attenuation and geometric mapping methods, Hata model， cellular coverage solution and FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) model were established. The algorithms used MATLAB to simulate, with the final modeling results of sensitivity analysis and improvement & promotion on models.
Question one : For a circular flat area of radius 40 miles radius, determine the minimum number of repeaters necessary to accommodate 1,000 simultaneous users. Assume that the spectrum available is 145 to 148 MHz, the transmitter frequency in a repeater is either 600 kHz above or 600 kHz below the receiver frequency, and there are 54 different PL tones available.
Answer:
1. Based on Frequency attenuation expression and calculation with MATLAB, it figured
out the eligible coverage radiuses, which are 30km for BS (base station), and 14.9km for repeater.
2. Assuming the users in a given area under uniform distribution, using advanced
cellular coverage solution, we can calculate that minimum number of required repeater is 36 under cellular features.
3. Based on the US VHF spectrum allocation standard, the minimum spacing for adjacent
channels is 30kHz. And with up to 54 different PL tones, maximum 4320 channels can be allocated to provide 1000 simultaneous users to use at the same time. Conclusion:
The minimum number of repeaters necessary to accommodate 1,000 simultaneous users is 36.
Question Two : How does your solution change if there are 10,000 users?
Answer:
1. Since the given spectrum is in a fixed range, even if 54 different PL tones can not be allocated enough channels for 10,000 simultaneous users. So the number of repeaters will be increased, meanwhile, the given area will be divided into different parts.
2. On the assumption that uniform distribution of the population in the given area, it will be divided into 3 sub-regions equally by analyzing the binding domain, frequency spectrum and PL tones three independent factors. And then the number of repeaters within each sub-region will be classified discussion.
3. The FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) model is established here to improve channel efficiency to accommodate up to 10,000 simultaneous users Conclusion:
The minimum number of repeaters necessary to accommodate 10,000 simultaneous users is 126.
Question Three : Discuss the case where there might be defects in line-of-sight propagation caused by mountainous areas. Answer:
Basically, under the same condition for question 1&2, the mountainous area will be analyzed as following:
1. The function for relationship between radio attenuation x caused by obstacles and the eligible coverage radius d for repeater is 2249
.354371.4110x d -=, which is to analyze the impact on the number of repeaters under full signal coverage. 2. For the mountain barrier, based on the different situation of mountains, the addition of repeaters on the suitable location will be discussed to achieve full coverage. This paper describes model established by using of cellular coverage technology and frequency attenuation expression, to achieve simple, fast, accurate algorithm. And also illustrated the effect takes the entire article. In the end, the sensitivity analysis and error calculation are applied for modeling, making the model practically.
Key words: Cellular Coverage technology, frequency attenuation expression, channel allocation, Matlab
Repeaters coordination and distribution
Content
1 Restatement of the Problem (1)
1.1 Introduction (1)
1.2 The Problem (1)
2 Simplifying Assumption (1)
3 Phrase explain (1)
4 Model (2)
4.1 Model I (2)
4.1.1 Analysis of the Problem (2)
4.1.2 Model Design (2)
5 Sensitivity analysis (2)
6 Model extension (2)
7 Evaluating our model (2)
7.1 The strengths of model (2)
7.2 The weaknesses of model (2)
References (3)
1 Restatement of the Problem
1.1 Introduction
The VHF radio spectrum involves line-of-sight transmission and reception. This limitation can be overcome by “repeaters,” which pick up weak signals, amplify them, and retransmit them on a different frequency. Thus, using a repeater, low-power users (such as mobile stations) can communicate with one another in situations where direct user-to-user contact would not be possible. However, repeaters can interfere with one another unless they are far enough apart or transmit on sufficiently separated frequencies.
1.2 The Problem
Your job is to:
◆Design a scheme that determines the minimum number of repeaters necessary
to accommodate 1,000 simultaneous users in a circular flat area of radius
40 miles radius.And assume that the spectrum available is 145 to 148 MHz,
the transmitter frequency in a repeater is either 600 kHz above or 600 kHz below the receiver frequency, and there are 54 different PL tones available.
◆Change your scheme to accommodate 1,0000 simultaneous users base on your
model.
◆Discuss the case where there might be defects in line-of-sight propagation
caused by mountainous areas.
2 Simplifying Assumption
3 Phrase explain
4 Model
4.1 Model I
4.1.1 Analysis of the Problem
4.1.2 Model Design
5 Sensitivity analysis
Symbol
◆N: the number of total repeaters in the circle area ◆Q: the number of the users in the circle area
◆k: the number of the red circle in figure 2
最前面最好有一个Symbol List
6 Model extension
7 Evaluating our model
7.1 The strengths of model
7.2 The weaknesses of model
References
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C和D 2015 ICM问题C 组织中的人力资本管理 构建一个组织填充好，有才华的，训练有素的人是成功的关键之一。但是这样做，组织需要做更多的招聘和雇用最好的候选人–也需要保持良好的人，让他们适当的训练并放在合适的位置，最终目标新员工来取代那些离开组织。个人发挥独特的作用，在他们的组织，正式和非正式的。因此，从组织个体离开留下重要的信息和功能组件丢失，需要更换。这是真正的运动队，商业公司，学校，政府，和几乎任何正式的团体或组织的人。 人力资源（HR）专家帮助高层领导通过改进保留和激励，管理人员协调培训，并建立良好的团队。特别是，领导人寻求建立一个有效的组织结构，人们被分配到适当的位置他们的天赋和经验，以及有效的沟通系统，以促进发展创新的理念、优质的产品（商品或服务）。这些人才管理和人力资源管理团队建设方面正在对许多现代组织。 在一个组织内人力资本的流体网络管理人员需要了解忠诚于公司和亚群；在工作场所建立信任；管理的形成，溶解和保持人与人之间的正式和非正式的关系。当人们离开其他工作或退休所取代，由此产生的湍流是统称为组织“流失”。你的团队你的人力资源经理要求在信息协同制造发展了一个理解流失的框架和模型（ICM）的370人的组织。ICM是一个高度竞争的市场，导致具有挑战性，有效地管理其人力资本的相关问题。 人力资源经理要地图人力资本在组织通过建立网络模型。这里有一些你的公司面临的问题： 1。ICM的目的是在其早期阶段的流失的风险，因为它是获得一个员工在职业生涯早期而不是提高文化一旦有了忠诚的便宜。这是更高效的开始而不是提供激励措施来阻止人们离开有一个积极的员工。 2。一个工人更容易流失，如果他或她与其他前 谁有生产员工。因此，从员工流失似乎弥漫 员工，所以识别那些可能流失是有价值的信息 防止进一步的搅动。 3。一个问题是员工人力资源匹配到正确的位置，使自己的知识和能力可以最大化。目前每个员工基于绩效的主管判断年度评估。这些评价是目前不是由人力资源办公室。
点评：航空货运问题 一、基本参数 1、货机：假设均匀分布 每天三架货机。 2、工作时间5：00—20：00设置为 t ：[0，15]？ 每天货机到达时间：5：00—20：00； 一工作组装满装卸场：6小时；一货机装满：3小时； 装卸台的容量：1.5货机； 3、费用系数： 停机费（等待装货）：15000元/小时架 一工作组：每小时9000元；二工作组：每小时12000元 4、服务原则：假设先来先服务 二、模型建立：概率计算模型 （一）概率分布 1、三架货机到达的时刻3,2,1,=i t i 服从[0，15]上的均匀分布，则： 密度函数：()1 ,01515 f t t = ≤≤ 分布函数：(),01515 t F t t = ≤≤ 2、设τ,δ,ε分别是首架货机到达时刻、第一架与第二架间隔、第二架与第三架间隔，
（1）τ的分布函数 3 31321321321321321))(1(1))(1(1)()()(1),,(1) ()()},,(min{) ()(1t F t t P t t P t t P t t P t t t t t t P t t t t t t P t t t t t t P t t t t P t P t F t --=≤--=>>>-=>>>-=≤?≤?≤-Ω=≤?≤?≤=≤=≤=ττ τ 的密度函数： ()()()1125 15151)151(3]1[3)(')(2 22 11-=-=-==t t t f t F t F t f t t ττ ]15,0[∈t （2）其余两货机到达与第一个到达的货机的间隔21,t t ??在0到15-τ之间是均匀分布的 于是： τ -=?151)(t f i t , τ-≤≤150t ；τ-=?15)(t t F i t , τ-≤≤150t ，i =1,2 δ 的密度函数 /121212()()()1() 1()() F t P t P t t t t P t t t t P t t P t t δτδ=≤=?≤?≤=-?>?>=-?>?> 221)](1[1)](1[11t F t t P t ?--=≤?--= ()()2//15152)()](1[2)(')(11---= -==??τττδτδt t f t F t F t f t t （3）第三架货机到达与第二个到达的货机的间隔ε在0和15-δ-τ之间是均匀分布的， 于是： ε 的密度函数
摘要 第一段：写论文解决什么问题 1．问题的重述 a. 介绍重点词开头： 例1：“Hand move” irrigation, a cheap but labor-intensive system used on small farms, consists of a movable pipe with sprinkler on top that can be attached to a stationary main. 例2:……is a real-life common phenomenon with many complexities. 例3：An (effective plan) is crucial to……… b. 直接指出问题： 例1：We find the optimal number of tollbooths in a highway toll-plaza for a given number of highway lanes: the number of tollbooths that minimizes average delay experienced by cars. 例2：A brand-new university needs to balance the cost of information technology security measures with the potential cost of attacks on its systems. 例3：We determine the number of sprinklers to use by analyzing the energy and motion of water in the pipe and examining the engineering parameters of sprinklers available in the market. 例4: After mathematically analyzing the ……problem, our modeling group would like to present our conclusions, strategies, (and recommendations )to the ……. 例5：Our goal is... that (minimizes the time )………. 2．解决这个问题的伟大意义 反面说明。如果没有…… Without implementing defensive measure, the university is exposed to an expected loss of $8.9 million per year. 3．总的解决概述 a．通过什么方法解决什么问题 例：We address the problem of optimizing amusement park enjoyment through distributing Quick Passes (QP), reservation slips that ideally allow an individual to spend less time waiting in line. b．实际问题转化为数学模型 例1 We formulate the problem as a network flow in which vertices are the locations of escorts and wheelchair passengers. 例2 : A na?ve strategy would be to employ the minimum number of escorts to guarantee that all passengers reach their gates on time. c.将问题分阶段考虑 例3：We divide the jump into three phases: flying through the air, punching through the stack, and landing on the ground. 第二、三段：具体分析 1．在什么模型中/ 建立了什么模型 a. 主流模型 例1：We formulate a differential model to account for the rates of change of these uses, and how this change would affect the overall consumption of water within the studied region.
2019 MCM/ICM Summary Sheet (Your team's summary should be included as the first page of your electronic submission.) Type a summary of your results on this page. Do not include the name of your school, advisor , or team members on this page. Ecosystems provide many natural processes to maintain a healthy and sustainable environment after human life. However, over the past decades, rapid industrial development and other anthropogenic activities have been limiting or removing ecosystem services. It is necessary to access the impact of human activities on biodiversity and environmental degradation. The main purpose of this work is to understand the true economic costs of land use projects when ecosystem services are considered. To this end, we propose an ecological service assessment model to perform a cost benefit analysis of land use development projects of varying sites, from small-scale community projects to large national projects. We mainly focus on the treatment cost of environmental pollution in land use from three aspects: air pollution, solid waste and water pollution. We collect pollution data nationwide from 2010 to 2015 to estimate economic costs. We visually analyze the change in economic costs over time via some charts. We also analyze how the economic cost changes with time by using linear regression method. We divide the data into small community projects data (living pollution data) and large natural data (industrial pollution data). Our results indicate that the economic costs of restoring economical services for different scales of land use are different. For small-scale land, according to our analysis, the treatment cost of living pollution is about 30 million every year in China. With the rapid development of technology, the cost is lower than past years. For large-scale land, according to our analysis, the treatment cost of industrial pollution is about 8 million, which is lower than cost of living pollution. Meanwhile the cost is trending down due to technology development. The theory developed here provides a sound foundation for effective decision making policies on land use projects. Key words: economic cost , ecosystem service, ecological service assesment model, pollution. Team Control Number For office use only For office use only T1 ________________ F1 ________________ T2 ________________ F2 ________________ T3 ________________ Problem Chosen F3 ________________ T4 ________________ F4 ________________ E
你的论文需要从此开始 请居中 使用Arial14字体 第一作者，第二作者和其他（使用Arial14字体） 1.第一作者的详细地址，包括国籍和email(使用Arial11) 2.第二作者的详细地址，包括国籍和email(使用Arial11) 3.将所有的详细信息标记为相同格式 关键词 列出文章的关键词。这些关键词会被出版方用作关键词索引(使用Arial11字体） 论文正文使用Times New Roman12字体 摘要 这一部分阐述说明了如何为TransTechPublications.准备手稿。最好阅读这些用法说明并且整篇论文都是遵照这个提纲。手稿的正文部分应该是17cm*25cm（宽*高）的格式（或者是6.7*9.8英尺）。请不要在这个区域以外书写。请使用21*29厘米或8*11英尺的质量较好的白纸。你的手稿可能会被出版商缩减20%。在制图和绘表格时候请特别注意这些准则。 引言 所有的语言都应该是英语。请备份你的手稿（以防在邮寄过程中丢失）我们收到手稿即默认为原作者允许我们在期刊和书报出版。如果作者在论文中使用了其他刊物中的图表，他们需要联系原作者，获取使用权。将单词或词组倾斜以示强调。除了每一部分的标题（标记部分的标题），不要加粗正文或大写首字母。使用激光打印机，而不是点阵打印机 正文的组织： 小标题 小标题应该加粗并注意字母的大小写。第二等级的小标题被视为后面段落的一部分（就像这一大段的一小部分的开头） 页码 不要打印页码。请用淡蓝色铅笔在每一张纸的左下角（在打印区域以外）标注数字。 脚注 脚注应该单独放置并且和正文分开理想地情况下，脚注应该出现在参考文献页，并且放在文章的末尾，和正文用分割线分开。 表格 表格（如表一，表二，...）应该放在正文当中，是正文的一部分，但是，要避免文本混乱。一个描述性的表格标题要放在图表的下方。标题应该独立的放在表格的下方或旁边。 表中的单位应放在中括号中[兆伏]如果中括号不可用，需使用大括号{兆}或小括号（兆)。1.这就是脚注