2019届呼和浩特市高三英语二模试题

2019届上海市静安区高三二模考试英语学科试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

I Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When Jennifer Lawrence tripped on her way to accept her best actress Oscar one year, her pink princess-like Dior dress ____21____(capture) in all its glory. The unscripted moment became hot topic throughout social media.That bonus air-time for a single dress at one of the worlds global events is priceless for the likes of Dior, one of the ____22____(influential) fashion houses in the luxury marketplace.Success on the red carpet can earn exposure and profits for luxury brands for years____23____(come). The red carpet, which will be televised live before Academy Award ceremony, presents a great opportunity for a designer to reach an audience that expands ____24____the fashion setting. The Lawrence dress received about 40 million mentions on various social media.One way of estimating the monetary benefits of having a standout dress on the red carpet is to compare how much a brand would otherwise spend on commercial advertising during the same time. ____25____Lawrence had only 75 seconds of solo camera time for her Oscar acceptance speech, Dior had to pay more than $4 million for a commercial spot of the same duration on similar occasions. And this didn't include the time ____26____(devote) to Lawrence and her dress on the pre-show televised red carpet. Lawrence, 23, had an advertising contract with Dior. ____27____the group’s deal with Lawrence affected its sales was clearly stated in its annual financial report. That year, the group clothing section’s profits ____28____(total) 165 million euros, up 26 percent from the previous year.Heston, the founder of a publicity firm, ____29____success stories include introducing Jimmy Choo shoes and designer Saab to Hollywood, believes that the Oscar red carpet is today dominated by established luxury brands. Finding it much more difficult to compete with big brand names to dress super stars on big events, many young designers turn to _____30_____(bet) on promising rising stars, expecting an overnight success if the young stars rise to sudden fame.【答案】21. was captured22. most influential23. to come24. beyond 25. Although26. devoted27. How 28. totaled29. whose 30. bettingSection B.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.For several decades, various types of artificial intelligence kept shocking the world. Robots could ____31____ people in highly competitive games and then quickly destroyed their human competitors.AI long ago mastered chess, the Chinese board game Go and even the Rubik's cube, which it managed to solve in just 0.38 second.Now machines have a new game that will allow them to ____32____ humans: Jenga, the popular game in which players ____33____remove pieces from an increasingly unstable tower of 54 blocks, placing each one on top until the entire structure would ____34____.A newly released video from MIT shows a robot developed by the school’s engineers playing the game with surprising accuracy. The machine is equipped with a soft gripper(夹子), a force-sensing wrist and an external camera, allowing the robot to detect the tower’s ____35____ the way a human might doUnlike in purely recognitive tasks or games such as chess or Go, playing the game of Jenga also requires mastery of physical acts such as pushing, pulling, placing, and arranging pieces. It must ____36____ interactive physical operation, where you have to touch the tower to learnhow and when to move blocks.Imitating it is rather difficult, so the robot has to learn in the real world, by working with the real Jenga tower. Recently, a relevant research was published in the journal Science Robotics. Researchers say the robot demonstrates that machines can learn how to perform certain tasks through actual touching instead of relying heavily on visual ____37____. That physical ____38____ is significant, researchers say, because it provides further proof that robots can be used to perform ____39____ tasks, such as separating recyclable objects from landfill trash and assembling consumer products.In a cellphone assembly line, the felling of any component is coming from force and touch rather than vision. To become an accomplished Jenga player, the robot did not require as much repetitive practice as you might imagine. Hoping to avoid reconstructing a Jenga tower thousands of times, researchers developed a method that allowed the robot to be trained on about 300 games. Researchers say the robot has already begun facing off against humans, who remain _____40_____ players—for now.【答案】31. I. 32. D33. B 34. K35. E 36. A37. J 38. F39. C 40. GIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A(15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly ___41___ in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic ___42___ such as hard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the ___43___ to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in the country’s economy.The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have ___44___ prices. When the government have to step in and ___45___ the worst of these events.American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under ___46___ natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world. Rainfall is ___47___ over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.Increasing use of high-quality ___48___ also have contributed to the success of American agriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers ___49___ plows or harvesters. One farmer can manage large lands of farms. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists _____50_____ it. Computers track farm operations, and even _____51_____ technology is utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control, _____52_____. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often _____53_____ the general economy. When negative factors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to push farms over the edge into a(n) _____54_____ situation. The government responded with _____55_____ agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.41. A. valued B. accessed C. implemented D. illustrated42. A. regulations B. virtues C. obligations D. requirements43. A. shortcut B. implication C. reward D. substitute44. A. maintained B. margined C. depressed D. refunded45. A. take over B. cover up for C. come up with D. smooth out46. A. varied B. favorable C. extreme D. visible47. A. moderate B. predictable C. timely D. acid48. A. labor B. investment C. chemical D. landscape49. A. complicated B. flexible C. accessible D. executive50. A. criticize B. recall C. evaluate D. identify51. A. medical B. mobile C. space D. process52. A. for example B. in all C. however D. additionally53. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. reduced to D. applied to54. A. vague B. desperate C. isolated D. feasible55. A. struggling B. traditional C. sweeping D. permanent【答案】41. A 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. A 49. A 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. B 54. B 55. CSection B(24分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)After some blood tests, Dr Stubs stood before me, a tall man, but short on personality and sporting a cold expression. You have systemic lupus. he said matter-of-factly."Lupus, "he continued, "is an auto-immune disease and ….” I remember certain details but mostly I remember him talking about children. “Children are no harm. But c hildbirth would jumpstart additional symptoms that could be life threatening. You already have two kids anyway.”As I got up to leave, shaken and drained, he said his parting words, “I would discourage any further research. There is no cure and nothing can prevent its progression.”Still, I did research lupus and its symptoms tiredness and joint pain—were both consistent with what I was experiencing. And eventually some major organs could be affected, causing shutdown and possibly death.I studied and found out that echinacea had a record in making immune system stronger. I decided that along with the plant I would strengthen my mindset by immersing myself in my family with my one-year-old son and three-year-old daughter.After another visit, I decided never to go back to Dr. Stubs. How could one endure repeatedly hear desperately words coming from an emotionless mouth even though they were truth? The years passed. When I would feel tired and achy I pulled support from my children and their laughter.Finally, after eight years, I went to Dr. Kirstein who was recommended by a friend. She stood there holding my hand and looking into my eyes warmly."So, let’s talk a little.”Instantly my defenses were down. Before I knew it, she had me running on and on about my children, my husband, my life and dreams. I told her about all the meaningful activities I was involved in, those things I might have never done without the disease.After several follow-up tests, and greater research into my family history, Dr. Kirstein came to conclusive answer. I did not have systemic lupus. There must be something wrong with the initial tests 8 years before.I didn't know whether I should jump for joy or scream because I had been living the last eight years in fear of a fatal disease. But then I realized that I had been living every day, not so much in fear, but happiness Even day was a gift and I knew it.56. Dr. Strubs warned the author against having more children because _____.A. The process of giving birth put her life in danger.B. Taking care of children will gradually worsen her disease.C. Her disease will threaten the health of her children.D. She already has enough children.57. Why did the author stop seeing doctor Strubs after two visits? .A. Because she not qualified to treat her disease.B. Because he recommended Dr.Kirkstein to her.C. Because his cold attitude upset the author.D. Because she suspected his diagnosis about her disease.58. How did the author deal with the disease?A. She calmly waited for major organs to shut down.B. she took effective medicine regularly to fight the disease.C. She turned to Dr. Kirstein to get cure for the diseaseD. She tried to strengthen immune system and drew strength from family.59. Why did the author think every day in the past 8 years was a gift?A. Because systemic lupus was no longer a deadly disease.B. Because she made every day valuable in spite of diseaseC. Because she received a gift every day from her familyD. Because she only occasionally felt pain and tiredness.【答案】56. A 57. C 58. D 59. B(B)While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink(臭气)too.Vulture(秃鸳)Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomited-on dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quickly-and the vomit can hurt the aggressor's eyes and face.Opossum(负鼠)In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to become “dead", they don’t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won't move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed.Hoatzin(磨雉)Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it's the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the “stink birdMillipedes (千足虫)Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.Sea Hare(海兔)The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it's not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smell-related defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly companions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.Researchers using lobsters(2-f)as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobstersreceptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don't know how appealing it is.60. The sea hare defends itself from predators by ____.A. becoming plain in taste at the discovery of a predatorB. giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predatorsC. releasing substance to make predators unable to smell itD. giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away.61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The vulture carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.B. The opossum fakes its death to avoid being targeted by predators.C. The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nick-named as “stink birdD. The gas released by millipede was basically harmless62. The species that enjoys more than one defense mechanism is____.A. vultureB. opossumC. millipedeD. sea hare【答案】60. C 61. B 62. C(C)ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家) GUIDED BY laser images of a remote region of northern Guatemala have discovered 20-foot-high walls, watchtowers, and other evidence that ancient Maya societies had been annoyed by warfare threat over many years. The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities,then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.Among the most surprising discoveries was a large stone complex now called La Cuemavilla. Built on a steep ridge, the heavily fortified site included high walls. Moats which serves as the largest defensive system ever discovered in the region.This was surprising says an archaeologist, "because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized. But the fortifications were seeing suggest an elevated level of antagonism over centuries. Rulers were so deeply alarmed that they felt the need to invest in all these hilltop fortifications. There is an almost visible sense of fear inthis landscape.All these findings owe credit to PACUNAM LIDAR Initiative, a laser survey of some 800 square miles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern Guatemala. Using revolutionary Laser technology, the survey revealed the long-hidden ruins of a sprawling pre-Columbian civilization that was far more complex and interconnected than most Maya specialists had supposed.Guided by the new Laser treasure maps, the LIDAR team deployed through the jungle over the past year to conduct hands-on investigations of more than a dozen of the most promising sites-most of which would have been imperceptible without LIDAR."You could walk over the top of a major ruin and miss it, "says an archaeologist who's part of the PACUNA project. But LIDAR picks up the patterns and makes the features pop out with surprising clarity.Three-dimensional maps generated by the survey yielded surprises even at Tikal, the largest and most extensively explored archaeological site in Guatemala. The ancient city was at least four times bigger than previously thought, and surrounded by a massive ditch and fortified base stretching for miles.Archaeologists stress that LIDAR, for all its utility, will never see below the ground or yield d irect dates of occupation. “we still need to dig and hack our way through the jungle, but now we have a very accurate map to guide us.63. How did people think of Maya before the discovery of the defense ruins?A. It was the most advanced civilization in the history of mankind.B. It was long under the threat of large-scale warsC. Its rise and decline were under way peacefullyD. It was finally destroyed by a large-scale war64. The underlined word antagonism is closest in meaning to ____.A. miseryB. revolutionC. population decreaseD. opposition65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The military mechanism found in La Cuemavilla was intended for occupying more lands.B. The new laser technology was mainly used to enlarge the original site size.C. The LIDAR helps to avoid the traditional digging task in site exploration.D. The Tikal site was found to be protected by certain defense works66. The passage is mainly about ____.A. people' s long-time misunderstanding of Maya civilization.B. discovery of Maya military works aided by new explore technologyC. the finding of a big warfare resulting in the disappearance of Maya civilizationD. The various advantages of new technologies in the field of archaeology.【答案】63. C 64. D 65. D 66. BSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Recently, in the quest for a selfie(自拍), a woman climbed over the concrete barrier of a Jaguar(美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She's fine-so is the jaguar.This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. ___67___Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.It's common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It's why zoos have barriers -sometimes multiple walls-to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage."Yet animals have become less real to us, " says an environmentalist. We see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. ___68___ People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like "Lion Whisperer" Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the message that these animals aren't so dangerous after all.Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Getting likes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Your self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most excitingversions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. ___69___People' s careless approach can put the animal's safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must b e killed to protect the person who’s entered their space. In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. ___70___with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.A. The animals, to some extent, become tools to us.B. Although violence against zoo animals is often reported, the issue of animal welfare has aroused little attention recently.C. By taking a selfie, you show that you're part of that experience.D. The comparison between caged animals and wild ones are appealing to people.E. Similar incidents are a regular occurrence in natural settings.F. The common factor is that some people are not respecting animal.【答案】67. E 68. A69. C 70. FIV Summary Writing71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words, Use your own words as far as possible.Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeism and doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won't do much to stop people from presenteeism.The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worriedthat they will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days' rest at home.There is not much to be said for "silly things" like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swifly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly---putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee's concern about his job prospect thereof.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________【答案】Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. The responsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about ad ditional workload on colleagues.The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.第Ⅱ卷(共40分)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 暴饮暴食被一些人认为是缓解工作压力的手段。

2019届高三英语二模汇编——概要写作1、2019黄浦二模Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.DesertificationDesertification is one of the world’s most alarming processes of environmental degradation（退化）. The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it’s a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world on a safer, more sustainable path of development.”The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also celebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world’s deserts.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________2、2019普陀二模China’s National TreasurePandas are in danger of extinction at present, with only 1,900 remaining in the world. The scientific name of the giant panda is actually called the cat bear, the number of which is very scarce. It is one of the most precious animals in the world and belongs to the protected animals at the national level. Its body color is black and white.Giant pandas are unique to China, very cute. The existing major habitats are inthe surrounding mountainous areas such as Sichuan and Shanxi in China. Thegiant panda has a very powerful function: digesting bamboo. We all know thatbamboo is mainly cellulose (纤维素), and most animals can’t digest it exceptgiant pandas. The giant panda’s hometown is in the mountains southwest ofChina, green bamboos and springs everywhere. Therefore, the giant panda’s main food consists of bamboo and spring water.Giant pandas are often referred to as living fossils. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, it was the peak period of giant pandas. This is of great scientific value for studying and protecting biodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Long, long ago, the climate of the earth became colder and colder, many ice cubes formed on the earth; plants could not grow, and many animals were frozen or starved to death. The giant panda alone survived in the deep valleys of the mountains and became a treasure of the animal world. The giant panda still retains the characteristics of ancient animals. Therefore, the giant panda is not only popular with adults and children in terms of appearance, but also becomes a living fossil for biologists to study ancient creatures.The status of giant pandas has been politicized. Giant pandas can be seen in almost all the major countries in the world. The giant panda has become a witness of friendship between China and foreign countries. For decades, wherever the giant panda goes, a panda whirlwind will blow. With its charmed figure and natural cuteness, the Chinese giant panda attracts numerous fans around the world, and at the same time plays the role of friendship ambassador in China’s foreign exchanges, becoming one of the most famous symbols in China.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________3、2019徐汇二模Should some books be banned from school libraries?Are there Harry Potter books in your school library? Many kids all over the world are reading J. K. Rowling's books in school. But some parents think their children shouldn't be able to find those and other books in school libraries. Should school libraries keep books that some parents don't approve of? Should they take those books off the shelves? All over the country, schools are wrestling with those questions.It’s true that some hold their argument that some books should be banned from school libraries! "We need certain limits," said one student in Denver, Colorado. He said some books have no place in school libraries. Many people believe that books that contain violence or bad words shouldn't be in schools. Some people want the Harry Potter books removed because they contain talk about wizards and magic.Most parents know what's good for kids. They have a right to decide which books should or should not be in school libraries.Books should meet certain standards before they are put in schools. Is this a good book for kids to read? Is it full of violence? Does it contain bad words or ideas kids shouldn't learn about? If a book is not good for all kids, it should not be in a school library. Most parents don't have time to find out everything their kids read. They should be able to trust schools to do that for them.On the other hand, some believe that books should not be banned from school libraries! "Parents should decide what their own kids read," said Natalie Nicol, of Denver, Colorado. But other parents shouldn't make that choice for them. Many experts say that it's the parents' job, not the school's job, to check out what their kids are reading. If they don't like a book, they should not let their kids read it.Why should a few parents stop kids from reading stories like the Harry Potter series? Kids should be able to check out books their parents think are OK to read. Many schools let kids borrow certain books if they have a signedpaper from a parent. That works fine. A parent doesn't sign the paper if he or she doesn't want the child to read the book. Other kids can read the books if they have permission.Some books are not OK for all kids to read. But if more adults were careful about what their own kids read, they wouldn't have to ban books from the library.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________4、2019杨浦二模After you have a long day at school or work, getting a bit of shut-eye on the way home is sometimes just what the doctor ordered. But sleeping too long and ending up way past your destination is a real possibility. According to research from sleep specialists in the US, there are several possible explanations for being able to nap during a train or bus ride and still get off at the right stop.One theory states that some people have established sleep pattern that allow them to sleep and wake up at precisely the same time each day. That means their body knows when to wake up and get off the train. Another theory is that people are more likely to recognize the name of their stop, so their brain wakes them up when they hear it announced. Alternatively, those who can effectively sleep on the train might actually be waking up at every stop, but not long enough to become conscious until they know they've reached the right place.These short naps might work for those who are really exhausted, for even a brief rest has the benefit of reducing stress and helping you relax a little. But if you are travelling really far each day, chances are that you will reach rapid eye movement (REM) sleep cycles. According to Dr. Marc Leavey, who has studied this skill, "You're more likely to be tired or disoriented when you wake up from these dreams, so if you're sleeping for longer than 20 minutes, you may find it harder to wake up out of this dream state. If you're in a deep REM sleep, you're more likely to miss your stop or sleep through it.” Not everyone can do it, but some people can run their sleep cycle like clockwork and take a nap on public transportation.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________5、2019崇明二模Fujian Puppetry (木偶剧) in Need of Urgent SafeguardingAs one of the contributions of Chinese performing art to the world’s cultural heritage (遗产), Fujian puppetry has a long history. It has developed a set of characteristic techniques of performance and puppet making, as well as plays and music.No final conclusions have yet been reached on the origins and evolution of Chinese puppetry. Dating from Shang dynasty, pottery figurines (陶俑) used as burial objects have been discovered at the Yin Ruins. In a WesternHan tomb at Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan Province, a number of wooden figurines have been unearthed. These were a great improvement on those from previous dynasties in terms of craftsmanship, variety and modeling. Over time, figurines as burial objects evolved into puppets for entertainment on festive occasions.Chinese puppetry further developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, with a bunch of schools spreading across the country. Puppet shows from various places had their own characteristics in terms of figure modeling.In the past few decades, many traditional forms of art have seen a decline in popularity. In particular, Fujian puppetry finds itself in hot water. The number of young people learning puppetry has decreased due to socioeconomic changes to their lifestyles. The long period of training required to master the complicated performing techniques has also been a factor in the fall.In response, concerned communities, groups and bearers laid down the 2008-2020 Strategy for the Training of Coming Generations of Fujian Puppetry Practitioners. The key objectives are to safeguard the promotion of Fujian Puppetry and to increase its sustainability through professional training to cultivate a new generation of puppetry practitioners; creation of teaching materials; construction of training institutes and exhibition halls; regional and international cooperation; and artistic exchange.In 2012, the strategy was added to the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices by the UNESCO. With great efforts made by practitioners, local people and education institutions, Fujian Puppetry can expect a brighter future.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________6、2019长宁二模Holding Parents Responsible—An Unfair PunishmentThe rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at their parental tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time. They hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.Despite public support for parental responsibility laws, many people think that the laws are unfair. They suggest that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a related fault on the parents’ part. For example, if young teenagers are arrested for drinking alcohol supplied by parents, then parents should be held responsible because they helped the teenagers break the law. People who oppose parental responsibility laws also believe that punishing parents is unlikely to create a change in the kids’ behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. That lack of control may then lead to more crime.The unfortunate fact is that jailing a mom or dad punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help feed the family or pay the rent. A parent who is sent to jail for the crimes of a teenager may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, little evidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parents’ ability to control a teenager. The problem is that some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, even if the parents try hard to control them. These struggling parents are not ignoring their parental responsibilities. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not ajail sentence.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________7&10、2019松江闵行二模Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover? Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from? What can we do to deal with this problem?Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution (高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light，are available.Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute “mini-breaks” throughout their workday.Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________8、2019宝山二模Small businesses hold the key to employee happiness. As the calendar flips to another year, many employees will consider starting the new year on the hunt for a new job.In today's changing workforce, it is more important than ever for companies to realize that a salary alone is no longer enough to attract or retain strong employees.According to a survey by Aflac, small businesses deserve a round of applause for their ability to keepemployees happy. The report found that 85 percent of small-business employees are happy in their current job, and more than half (51 percent) agree that most of or all of their happiness in their current job is a result of working for a small business.Nearly a quarter of participants (23 percent) stated that the feeling of importance was the best part of working for a small business. Small businesses have the unique ability to make employees feel appreciated, respected and valued on a personal and professional level.In a small-business environment, there are typically fewer layers between newcomers and leadership. This tight-knit structure can create a family-like atmosphere that allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the business's mission.Flexibility is also vital in creating employee happiness. According to the report, 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible scheduling was the best part of working for a small business. A workplace that promotes healthy work-life balance can create happier, less stressed employees and can also increase productivity.Although small businesses excel at keeping employees happy, there is always room for improvement. In a small-business community, money does not seem to be the only motivator. In fact, 65 percent of small-business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make them happier.By offering a great benefits plan that includes voluntary benefits, small businesses can ensure that their employees are able to find the right benefits to meet their individual needs.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________9、2019奉贤二模Gardening can have many positive effects on your physical and mental health. Whether you’re growing fruit and veggies, flowers or succulents, getting your green thumb on can have a surprising number of health benefits for you and your family.Depending on the size of your garden, maintaining it can be a great way to be physically active. This could be as tough as mowing the lawn, or as gentle as getting a good stretch and practice stabilizing yourself while kneeling, sitting or reaching. In fact, gardening is a recommended activity as it can encourage the use of many motor skills, improve endurance and strength and keep you moving.These days, we can buy pretty much any fruit and vegetable we want from the supermarket, at any time of year. But gardening enables us to eat seasonally, which has important benefits for our bodies. For example, asparagus and apricots grow in spring and summer, while Brussels sprouts get going in winter. Eating seasonally can keep healthy eating exciting by encouraging you to try new recipes using in-season produce. You will also get a wider variety of different coloured produce, providing nutritious vitamins and minerals in your diet throughout the year as the produce you eat changes with the seasons.Gardening is also a great way to relax, providing opportunities to still the mind and get away from the busyness of everyday life. There is even evidence to suggest that gardening can help ease symptoms of mental illnesses like depression and anxiety. Whether you’re gardening by yourself, or getting the whole family involved, it’s a great way to spend some time outdoors, away from screens and to-do lists, and engage with nature. From repetitive tasks like weeding that provide opportunities for meditation, to practising patience while waiting for plants to grow, gardening is a great exercise for your mind as well as your body.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________11、2019浦东二模Loneliness PeaksFor years America has been talking about obesity, but a new study points to a more serious health issue: isolation and loneliness.Being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need — crucial to both well-being and survival. Extreme examples show infants who lack human contact in care fail to grow and often die. Indeed, social isolation has been used as a form of punishment. According to Julianne Holt-Lunstad, the lead author of the study, an increasing portion of the U.S. population now experiences isolation regularly. Over 42 million adults above age 45 in the U.S. are estimated to be suffering from chronic(长期的) loneliness.The study of 340 adults between the ages of 27 and 101 living in San Diego identified three key age ranges when people felt the loneliest. Participants who had the highest levels of loneliness were in their late-20s, mid-50s and late-80s.While it may come as a surprise that people in their late-20s suffered from loneliness, a larger survey shows they actually may suffer the hardest.With an increasing number of people working from home, watching television, getting into an addiction to electronic devices, it has become too easy to be alone, even if that’s not a person’s intention. Modern day conveniences like having anything we want delivered make it possible to never need to leave the house. So, not surprisingly, those with frequent social contact usually feel less lonely than those with few social ties.Mounting evidence suggests social isolation and loneliness significantly impact our health, and even shorten our lives, just like obesity. This study isn’t the first time loneliness has been flagged as an emerging health issue. Therefore, reducing both isolation and loneliness is important for quality of life and well-being.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________12、2019静安二模Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeismand doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. Of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won’t do much to stop people from presenteeism.The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worried that they will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days’ rest at home！There is not much to be said for “silly things” like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swiftly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly — putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee’s concern about his job prospect thereof.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________13、2019青浦二模Could you be flexitarian?What kind of food do you eat? Are you conscious of the types of food you consume? Although there is research on the right diet to follow to help us maintain a healthy lifestyle — but it’s hard to know which one to pick and, once chosen, it’s harder still to stick to it. And now there’s another choice for you.A flexitarian diet involves eating plant-based foods and only occasionally eating meat and fish. This is a lovely alternative to being a vegetarian by not completely resisting meat.This eating style allows you to supplement some ingredients that you wouldn’t get in a stricter vegan (纯素) diet. And like veganism, flexitarianism isn’t about eating carefully to help you lose a few pounds — it’s something people choose for ethical reasons, to help the planet. And a study into the global food system and how it affects the climate, has found that eating mainly plant-based foods is one of three key steps towards a sustainable future for all.This research found that food waste will need to be halved and farming practices will also have to improve to achieve this. But without a single solution, a combined approach is needed. Dr. Marco Springmann, one of the lead authors of the report argued “We really found that a combination of measures would be needed to stay within environmental limits and those include changes towards healthier more plant-based diets.”While vegans think it’s wrong for animals to be killed for food, flexitarians believe eating meat once in a while is acceptable. And Dr. Springmann agrees — as long as we “treat it as a luxury, it’s probably acceptable but you shouldn’t have more than one serving of red meat, which includes beef and pork, per week.” And here’s another fact to digest: If we moved to this type of diet, the study found that greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture would be cut by more than half.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________。

2019年“江南十校”高三学生冲剌联考(二模）英语本试卷共8页;全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

考生注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话s每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the woman mean about the documentary?A. It's wonderfulB.It sounds boring.C.It's about a film.2. What is the man going to do?A. Visit Mr. Yang,B. Make a call to Mr. Yang.C. Look for a telephone for Mr. Yang,3. When does the conversation probably take place?A.In the morning.B.In the afternoon.C.In the evening.4. What do we know about Emily?A. She didn’t come to school due to her illness.B. Kathy is worried about the absence of Emily.C. She was permitted to go home ahead of time.5.What is the woman doing?A. Asking the man to hand in the work.B. Trying to work out a travel leaflet*C.Checking the man’s understanding.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白e每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

2019届上海市松江区⾼三英语⼆模试题和答案详细解析松江区2018学年度第⼆学期模拟考质量监控试卷⾼三英语(满分140分，完卷时间120分钟)考⽣注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷共12页。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(⾮选择题) 在答题纸上，做在试卷上⼀律不得分。

2.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名和考⽣号。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. Ar the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on you paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. an airport. B. At a hotel.C. At a bus stop.D. At a post office.2. A. $15. B. $30. C. $45. D. $ 60.3. A. Food for a picnic. B. Drinks to be delivered.C. Shopping list for drinks.D. Preparations for a party.4. a photo. B. Enjoying an exhibitC. Practicing riding a car.D. Hanging a picture.5. A. Give up the course. B. Make a little progress.C. Change for another course.D. Stick to the course.6. A. Convincing. B. PointlessC. Unbelievable.D. Time consuming.7. A. It's more than satisfactory. B. It's better than expected,C. It's not satisfactory at allD. It's beyond expectation.8. man is late for the meeting because he is too busy.B. The woman is glad to meet Mr Brown in person.C. The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.D. The woman feels sorry that Mr Brown is unable to come.9. A. She can't concentrate herself.B. She is fully enjoying herself.C. She doesn't like the atmosphere.D. She is not familiar with the songs.10. will revise his project as the man told him to.B. The man should give Tom more influence.C. Tom's project doesn’t need to be revised at all.D. It's unlikely that Tom will revise his project.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard,Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The quality of the food.B. The direction to the food.C. The distance to the food.D. The smell of the food.12. A. Appreciative. B. Believable.C. Doubtful.D. Supportive.13 A. His winning the Nobel Prize.B. The British scientists' study.C. The videos of bees life.D. The invention of radar.'Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Several people were seriouslyB. No injuries were yet reported.C. Nobody was in the building when it broke out.'D. The fire had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.15. A. Planning a new manned landing on the moon in 2019.B. Testing the possibility of SG mobile signal coverage on the moon.C. Establishing mobile communication between the moon and the earth.D. Sending high definition streaming video and data from the moon.16. A. Shrinking potato farming.B. Heavy reliance on import.C. Widespread plant disease.D. Insufficient potato supply.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The hotel put his reservation under another name.B. The man made a mistake of the date.C. The hotel had canceled his reservation.D. The man was in the wrong hotel.18. A. Some VIP people have rented all the rooms in advance.B. There was a conference going on in the city.C. The hotel was undergoing major repairs.D. It was a busy season for holiday-makers.19 A. It was free of charge on weekends.B. It had discount on weekdays.C. It was offered to VIP ,guests only.D. It was cheaper than usual20. A. Cancel the reservation. B. Ask for a free breakfast.C. Complain to the manager.D. Demand to be refunded.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper, form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best, fits each blank.Rhiannon Lambert, who treats about 180 clients a year with. various kinds of eating disorders, says the number of those caused by clean eating (21)________ (double) in the past three years. They develop particular habits, or won't eat food when walking. because they think that food can only be eaten when they (22)________ (seat),. she said.Clean eating is promoted by some food bloggers, who are increasingly thought by a number of medical experts to be having a bad influence on young people today. Young people lose this and cannot, afford the lifestyle needed. to follow it,"" Lambert said. Health bloggers (23)________ not have enough knowledge but offer dangerous advice. These people are now role models (24)________ word will inspire young people. I have clients who think they have to be a strict vegetarian to be successful. The extreme form of this is known as orthorexia nervosa健康⾷品强迫症).Ursula Philpot, a dietitian at the British Dietetic Association, said, It is difficult to blame them completely. If it weren't the bloggers, then it could be (25)________ else. Orthorexia affects more girls than boys, although boys are much more affected than girls." Philpot said,At the top of most people's lists of bad foods includes gluten and dairy. (26) ________ you talk to young people more, you will find some of them worry all day about eating a biscuit.The condition starts out as an attempt (27)________ (eat) more healthily, but those who experience it fully focus on quality and purity. “There many be several reasons for someone to take up clean eating." Philpot said. Eatingdisorders are serious mental illnesses and their causes are complex. Research is telling us that they may be more biologically based than we thought, (28)________ social and environmental factors also play a part in their development. Deanne Jade, the founder of the National Centre for Eating Disorders, said, A lot of young people don't think they need-treatment and there are too many messages in the worries me is that a lot of people (29)________ (promote) these ideas have no knowledge of nutrition. I don't know what the solution is, but in many cases, getting people to recover from an eating disorder means (30)________ (get) them to relax their ideas about clean eating.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.'A recent troubling study showed that fake news spread significantly faster, deeper and more broadly than the truth, and the effect is even more remarkable when regarding news as opposed to reporting on natural disasters, finance or science. So how can we encourage individuals to seek (31)________ online content Leading scholars are trying hard to deal with this question.Processing new information requires a considerable mental effort, especially when that information seems to conflict with your (32)________ worldview. It takes the (33)________ to admit you may be wrong. But with a great amount of conflicting information available, who's to say what's actually true and what's false If you cant tell, why not just make life easy and go with whatsupports your current beliefsSo what (34)________ do we have Many suggest that we can (35)________ the issue by reforming adult behavior, but this is aiming too far from source. An alternative solution is using early education to help individuals recognize these problems and (36)________ critical thinking to the information they deal with. Currently, there is a push in the US to include Internet information classes into primary and secondary school curriculums. The movement,which has received some support, aims to make fact-checking seem like second (37)________ to individuals at an early age.Primary and secondary school are (38)________ to be supplying students with the skills they need to develop into productive and informed members of our society. As our society develops. the curiculum we are teaching our students needs to develop as well.The Internet is an amazing tool, but to use it most effectively we have to accept its benefits while also understanding the ways in which it makes us dangerously (39)________. If students are still learning the practices such as writing in school, shouldn't they be learning how to (40)________ the Internet responsibly as wellIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People hold different views on almost anything. mainly because of the. culture we are familiar with or the education we have received. We live in a(41)________ world where people are quick to point out. the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their , misguided souls believe they have a duty to help you to be .a better person by telling you what a' failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.So what is the possible solution to (42)________ If you are the one forcing others to feel (43)________ themselves, STOP. Make a conscious 'decision rather than (44)________ the negative aspect of a person's performance or attitudes. You'll offer' helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and (45)________ in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, This is a tough job: Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for yourather than have him point out what a (46)________ painter I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.If you are on the (47)________ end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a(n) (48)________ response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the(49)________. Instead, simply reply with OK. This brief one-word response(50)________ the other person's comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen without feeling, to be a(n)(51)________ observer. In fact, there is' much that one can learn from a (52)________ review. You can ask yourself. Did I make a mistake Could I have done better Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand If so, how can I improve myself As for chronic 习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their (53)________when necessary.,(54)________, one can learn to be OK with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with the other party. Examine it for any potential (55)________, and then let it go and just be OK".41.A. dependentB. judgmentalC. selfishD. creative42.A. criticismB. imperfection C, failure D. unawareness43.A. devoted toB. connected withC. ashamed ofD. concerned about44.A. turn downB. get rid ofC. cover upD. focus on45 .A. making a mess B. asking fortroubleC. having funD. offering a helpfulhand46A. considerateB. carelessC. humbleD. modest47.A. forcingB. receivingC. criticizingD. advising48.A. avoidableB. meaninglessC. extremeD. natural49.A. impoliteB. dangerousC. defensiveD. regretful 50.A. ignoresB. acknowledgesC. eliminatesD. declines51.A. activeB. initiativeC. creativeD. objective52 A reasonable B. agreeable C. negative D. instructive53.A. praiseB. presenceC. commentD. help54 .A. In any case B. On the contrary C. To beginwithD. For instance55.A. harm B conflict C. obstacle D. truthSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, c and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have. Just read.(A)Being able to land safely is a critically important skill for all flying speaking, ground living animals face no particular challenge when they need to stop running or crawling, while flying animals move at much higher speed, and they must be careful about how they land. Hitting the ground, or even water, at full flight speed would be quite dangerous. Before touching down, they must decrease their speed in order to land safely. Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently. In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, ,because for years nobody had actually studied. in detail how bats move their wings. In recent years. though,researchers have discovered a number of interesting facts -about bat flight. Bats are built differently from birds, andtheir wings are made up of both their front and hind limbs (肢体). This makes coordinating (协调) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances. However, they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do, Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land- upside down!Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from. an object overhead. One downside to this landing routine is that the bats often land with some force, which probably causes pain. However, not all bats hit their landing spots with the same speed and force; these will vary depending on the area where a bat species makes its home. For example, a cave bat, which regularly lives on a hard stone ceiling, is more careful about its landing preparation than a bat more accustomed to landing in leafy treetops.56. Which of the following is the topic of the passageA. Places where flying animals choose to land.B. Why scientists have difficulty observing bats.C. Differences in the eating habits of bats and birds.D. Ways. in which bats move differently from birds.57. Which of the following is a false assumption about bats that was recently correctedA. They cannot hear any sound.B. They' sleep upside down.C. They fly similarly to birds.hide in tree branches.58. The word it (in 2nd paragraph) probably refers to ________.A the distance to the netsB. the sense of flying heightC. the flying directionD. the ability to change the speed59. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT trueA Bats might hurt themselves when landing.B. Bats can hang upside down like birds.C. Bats can adjust speed before landing.D. Bats and birds land in different ways.(B)60. What do we know from the first part of the passageA. TED organization is not responsible for TEDx events.B. TEDx but ?t is operated independently.C. People can give TEDx speeches under no conditionsD, TEDx speeches should follow a single topic principle.61.According to the General rules, a TEDx event organizer should ________.A. extend the event to one dayB. hold a TED event firstC. name the event after locationsD, host the event in different cities62. Which of the following people may be allowed to make a TEDx speechA. A member of a volunteer group who wants to collect money for the war victims.B. A college student who wants to advocate the use of green and renewable energy.C. A CEO in a high-tech industry who wants to popularize its newest product.D. A professional speaker who wants to motivate people with successful stories.(C)In an industry with low margins (利润) where the traditional wisdom is led by Walmart, the key to success is lowering operating costs. A big part of those costs are in labor, so it is no surprise that the retail industry has been a leader in using more part-time workers to keep labor costs down, holding the line on wages, not training, and with few exceptions, seeing employees as a cost to be minimized, There is no doubt that these businesses fight for every dollar of margin. Unlike trend-leading hi-tech companies which spend a lot of money on employees to get them innovated, retail industry can spend very limited money on their employees.What researchers found was that companies were often staffing their stores far too low,and that many stores tended to perform better with higher staffing levels and were more profitable. Let's let that sink in for a minute. The stores were making more money (with all other things being equal) when they spent more on employees.They also found that retailers didn't do a very good job when staffing levels are just the actual demand in those stores. In fact, they set staffing levels identically across stores, even when the needs of the. stores varied considerably. The average store did not appear to be understaffed, but there were enough that were understaffed and effect on overall company profitability was substantial.Interestingly, the same researchers persuaded the retail chain to run an experiment with them and slightly raise staffinglevels to the amount that their analysis of historical data suggests would be ideal. Yes, labor costs obviously jumped when they did that, but so did profits.' In retail, labor is. a small- percentage of costs the. biggest part is the cost of the products they sell. So,the net effect was an increase in profits of $ million across 168stores on an annual basis.What can. we learn from this One question worth thinking of is: How can traditional retail industry survive the increasingly severe market Especially now with the growth of online retail, the one thing stores still have going for them is one to one customer contact with sales people. If retailers cut that down to almost nothing. then they have effectively eliminated their competitive advantage against online stores.63. In the first paragraph, Walmart is mentioned to indicate that ________.A. Walmart is suffering a low return on investmentsB. Walmart is followed by companies in controlling costsC. Walmart well balances investments and profitsD. Walmart should considerably cut costs on its employees64. According to the passage. which of the following is true about retail industryA. It focuses on lowering costs of employees..B. It intends to over staff employees in the stores.C. It attempts to maintain high income for the employees.D It invents a large sum of money on staff training.65. What can we learn from the researchers experimentA. It's acceptable to have equal staffing levels across stores.B. Understaffing helps the stores to operate profitably.C. Profitability has nothing to do with staffing.D. A little over the standard staffing proved to be profitable.66. Which of the following would the author probably agree withA. For retail industry, cutting product costs is the priorityB. Online retail industry should staff more precisely to be competitive.C. Investment on employees is potentially profitable for retail industry,D. Staffing control is an effective way for retail industry to make profits.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.College graduation eventually means taking much of your attention in your first job search. This process. can be challenging. especially for those students who had thought very carefully about their chosen major and their potential career path or those who majored in afield not directly connected toa specific career he eventually got. If you are in one of these groups, fear not!(67)__________.Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for a licensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an acceptable nursing program, you won't be able to take the nursing licensing exam. (68)__________Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don't necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant.Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes and read your course books. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. Did you work during college, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization (69)__________. If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or victim advocacy. You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn't the case. (70)__________. If you don't know what career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or' academic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) ofthe passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light If your answer is a yes, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from What can we do to deal with this problemEyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices ,today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result .in interrupted sleep patterns at night.Years of scientific researches indicate, that eyestrain isn't necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution (B 3t 9HF # ), at least 50 centimeters wide. diagonally and may requirea screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that computer glasses", which cut down glare and blue light, are available.'Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute mini-breaks throughout their workday.Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsenthe effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to。

第二次模拟测试卷英语注意事项:1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考试号写在答题卡相应的位置。

2. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，用2B铅笔涂满涂黑，答在试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将答题卡上交。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What will the man do tonight?A. Have a drink.B. Write a paper.C. Watch a film. 【答案】B【解析】【详解】W: Hey, let’s go out to have a drink first and see the movie The Wandering Earth tonight!M: Count me out. I have to finish my term paper.2.Where are the speakers?A. In a library.B. In a garden.C. In a bookstore. 【答案】C【解析】【详解】M: Excuse me, have you got a coloring book called The Secret Garden?W: You’re late. We’ve just sold out the last one.3.What are the speakers talking about?A. A dog.B. A lecture.C. A professor. 【答案】B【解析】【详解】W: Hi, Andy. Have you attended Professor Smith’s lecture yesterday? It was really a hit.M: Of course! I enjoyed it except his dog mentioned in the last part.4.How do the speakers go to work?A. By bus.B. By taxi.C. By bike.【答案】A【解析】【详解】W: Gosh, another stop. It seems the taxis ahead of us have to stop every two minutes. It’s no quicker than our bus.M: That’s true. During rush hours, riding a bike to work is the best choice.5.What does the woman look like?A. She’s slim.B. She wears glasses.C. She has short hair.【答案】C【解析】【详解】M: Hey, Mary. A small world! You’ve changed your hair style. You used to be slim and have long hair. And where are your glasses?W: Oh, they were terrible. I can’t believe you still remember them!第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

绝密★启用前嘉兴市2024年高三教学测试英语2024年4月注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。

1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a café.B. In a store.C. In a kitchen.2. What may cause the man trouble?A. Missing a class.B. Having dinner outside.C. Getting back home too late.3. Why does the man come to talk to the woman?A. To seek advice.B. To offer information.C. To give support.4. How does the woman keep fit now?A. By going climbing.B. By playing basketball.C. By working out at a gym.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. TV ads.B. TV series.C. TV stations.第二节（共15 小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

2019届高三英语二模汇编——概要写作1、2019黄浦二模Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.DesertificationDesertification is one of the world’s most alarming processes of environmental degradation（退化）. The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it’s a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world on a safer, more sustainable path of development.”The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also celebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world’s deserts.参考答案：Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was stated to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beauty and civilization/inheritance of the deserts.难度：偏难解析：首先细读原文。

长宁区2018学年第二学期教学质量检测高三英语试卷2019.04 考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写( 非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and' the questions will be spoken only once, After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Teacher and student.B. Father and daughter.C. Manager and secretary.D. Customer and shop assistant.2. A. In a museum. B. In a taxi.C. On a bus.D. On a bridge.3. A. Get into the car.B. Carry the bags.C. Hurry to drive the car.D. Search for the bags.4. A. Reading newspapers.B. Writing up local news.C. Talking about sports.D. Putting up advertisements.5. A. She will have coffee at school.B. She will stay for breakfast.C. She loves to grab a coffee on the way.D. She needs to eat before school.6. A. He partly agrees with the woman.B. He's missed an important point.C. He considers the woman competitive.D. He's wholly been lost in a colorful life.7. A. Mary must be caught in heavy traffic.B. Mary probably will not come.C. The woman was obviously not fond of Mary.D. The woman forgot to tell Mary to come.8. A.The tennis game won't last 1ong.B. Weather forecasts are not reliable.C. They could stick to their plan.D. They'd better change their mind.9. A. Stay till tomorrow evening.B. Leave for Beijing with Jack.C. Go to the airport after work.D. Ask someone else for help.10.A. The man doesn't like his new suit.B. The new suit is a reminder for the man.C. The new suit doesn't fit the man.D. The man forgets to wear his new suit.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following speech.11. A. Educators from South Africa.B. Teenagers fond of cooking.C. Students eager to make friends.D. Photographers around the world.12. A. Brainstorming ideas in one s group first.B. Avoiding using cooking oil.C. Sending a sample dish before May.D. Creating one's own dish.,13. A. To announce a cook competition.B. To start a cook festival on campus.C. To advertise a local cook course.D. To organize a cook show in South Africa.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14. A. Guitarists are vital to a pop group.B. Guitar tutors aren't difficult to find.C. Guitar players have more chances to travel.D. Beginners don' t make noise with the guitar.15.A. About 60 years.B. About 500 years.C. About 1000 years.D. About 2000 years.16.A. Indians played the lute with a bowB. The guitar originated in Spain.C. The sitar took root in British music.D. The Beatles relied a lot on the brass.17.A. Reasons for the popularity of the guitar.B. Some interesting facts about the guitar.C. Various kinds of guitars in the world.D. Stories of some famous guitar players.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18.A. It sells things from ancient Egypt.B. It looks like an Egyptian giant.C. It brings a feel of a different world.D. It offers a wide range of cheeses.19.A. Produced by the department store itself.B. Supplied by a nearby small town.C. Collected from the outside of the building.D. Obtained from the numerous light bulbs.20.A. Customers spend €1.5 m illion or so per day.B. Around 30.000 customers come per day.C. There is a big increase in customers and sales.D. Customer flow and sales are quite unsteady.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After I reading the I passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.To any soldierI served as a second lieutenant (少尉) in a war thirty years ago. Married for only a year and a half, I missed my wife and baby daughter a lot. In the years before cell phones and Wi-Fi, we had limited opportunities (21)________(communicate) with loved ones.One night while sitting by myself, I investigated the Any Soldier mailbox, a cardboard box with letters and packages from Americans. I chose one shoebox-size package. Inside I found about 20 greeting cards (22)________ children. At the bottom was a letter written by their teacher (23)________(explain) how her kids had put the box together and how they supported our efforts in the war. Truly touched at that very moment by this gesture, I decided to write a letter of gratitude. I thanked the teacher for (24)________ her children had done its impact on my patriotism, my morale, and, (25)________ (significantly), my uplifted faith. For security reasons, I was able to sign only my name.Around 2013, I received a Facebook friend request from a woman with (26)________ I shared no contacts.I replied that (27)________ we were friends, I could not accept her request. She responded with one question: Are you Second Lieutenant Bartholomew?" I replied that I had been at one time.“Dear sir, she wrote. We have never met. but thir ty years ago I was a second-grade teacher at a school in Ohio and our classroom sent a care package (28)________ (address) to ‘Any Service Member.' The thank-you letter you composed was framed and it (29)________ (post) on the wall of the school for more thans20 years. I wanted to again thank you for your service to our country.”We never spoke again, but this gracious teacher strengthened my belief in doing what my mother always taught me: Write thank. you notes (30)________ never know how many people your kindness can touch.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accountedB. commonlyC. definedD. determineE. eliminationF. emergencyG. infectiousH. potentialI. previously J. suspected K. symptomsMeasles (麻疹) breaks out in the NorthwestThe U.S. is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared eliminated years ago, largely due to a drop in vaccination (接种疫苗) rates in some communities.An outbreak in Washington state has sickened 23 people this month, mostly children under 10. Local health officials in Clark County, declared a public-health (31)________ on Friday. They also urged residents to track (32)________ symptoms and call ahead before heading to medical centers.State officials announced the (33)________ of measles from. the U.$. in 2000 thanks to a widespread vaccination program. But travelers entering the country with measles, as well asdropping vaccination rates in some states in recent years, has led to a rise in infection. Last year, there were a total of 17 outbreaks, (34)________, as three or more cases linked together, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New York and New Jersey (35)________ for roughly half of the 2018 cases. The Clark County outbreak began early last week with three confirmed cases and has since grown to 23 confirmed and two more_ 36_. Of those cases, 20 were unvaccinated and the others are unconfirmed.Measles is highly (37)________ the virus spreads through the ,air by coughing or sneezing, the CDC says. Early (38)________ include a high fever, cough, runny nose and red, watery eyes, followed by tiny, white spots inside the mouth and the red, bumpy rash (疹子) that people (39)________ associate with the infection. Children younger than 5 or adults older than 20 are more likely to suffer from complications, according to the CDC.In order to prevent the further spread of the outbreak, local health officials are posting times and places where residents may have been exposed. They are urging residents who. haven 't been vaccinated to (40)________ whether they have been exposed and to take appropriate action.II. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping it in the familyYou understand grandmother when she talks to you, don't you, darling? The girl nods. I met her, her Japanese mother and English father on a plane to Japan. The parents were eager to (41)________ their experience of bringing up their daughter bilingually (使用双语地) in London It isn't easy: the husband does not speak Japanese, so the child hears the language only from her mother, who has come to (42)________ that the girl will reply in English. This can be painful! Not sharing your first language with loved ones is hard. Not passing it onto your own child can be especially tough. Many immigrant parents feel a sense of (43)________Children learn languages easily, but this doesn't mean that (44)________ exposure is enough. They must hear a language quite a bit to understand it- -and use it often to be able to speak it comfortably. This is mental work,and a child who doesn’t have an intention to speak a language will often avoid it. So languages often die when parents move abroad. In the past, governments discouraged immigrant families from keeping their languages.These days, officials tend to be (45)________: some even see a valuable resource in immigrants language abilities.Yet many factors ensure that children still lose their parents languages, or never learn them. A big one is institutional (46)________. A child's time spent with a second language is time not spent on their first. So teachers often discourage parents from speaking their languages to their children. Parents often (47)________ obey, worried about their children education. This is a(n) (48)________ for children really can master two languages or even more. Research does indeed suggest their vocabulary in each language may be somewhat smaller for a while,but other studies hint at intellectual advantages among bilinguals. They may be more skillful at complex tasks,better at maintaining attention.Even without those side effects, (49)________,a bilingual child's connection to another culture is a good thing in itself. How to (50)________? When both parents share the nativelanguage, the strategy is often to speak that at home,' and the national language outside. But when they have (51)________ languages. perhaps the most common approach is “one parent, one language”. Francois Grosjean, a language ex pert from Switzerland, (52)________ the necessity. He recommends reserving occasions on which the only language that may be spoken is the one that needs (53)________. Sabine Little, a language expert at the University of Sheffield, puts the emphasis elsewhere.Making the native language yet another task (54)________ by parents can lead to rejection, she argues. She recommends letting the child form their own (55)________ I connection to the language, for languages are not just another thing to be drilled into a young mind, but a matter of the heart.41. A. conceal B. publicize C.discuss D.imagine42. A. accept B. argue C. decide D. ensure43. A. excitement B. inferiority C. failure D. injustice44. A. momentary B. maximum C. repeated D. continued45. A less stimulated B. less controlling C. more relieved D. more discouraging46. A. engagement B. feature C. prejudice D. pressure47. A. cheerfully B. faithfully C. immediately D. reluctantly48. A. instance B. shame C. ambition D. suggestion49. A. though B. hence C. besides D. otherwise50. A. keep it up B. carry it on C. figure it out D. bring it about51. A. multiple B. different C. foreign D. target52. A. removes B. challenges C. emphasizes D. ignores53. A. preservation B. restriction C. rejection D. connection54. A. performed B. imposed C. shared D. recommended55. A. skillful B. powerful C. apparent D. emotionalSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements., For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.-(A)The bus screamed to_ a stop in Nazareth. Israel. Five Australian backpackers boarded and struck up a conversation with me. They asked typical travelers questions -where was I going and why was I traveling alone? My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn't pick up and I had no other way to reach her. My stomach was in knots, but I decided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius, where we had planned to go together.Why don't you travel with us?" one of the backpackers offered. They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then travel for as long as they could. Their current plan was to explore the Middle East and Europe in three months while working in London.It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes. For the next two weeks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations. When they hook a ride, I took the bus, but when they wanted to steal intothe King David Hotel's swimming pool, I led the way. The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone. I joined complete strangers, who become close friends. Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special experience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, I've backpacked alone across South Africa, sky-dived from 12,000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U.S. with no job Lined up.On my third day wandering in Israel with my new friends, I bumped into the woman I was supposed to meet. Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn't picked up the phone.56. By "My stomach was in knots" (in paragraph 1), the author most likely means that she was________.A. sick of riding on a bumpy busB. nervous of meeting strangersC. upset about the sudden changeD. sorry 'about the impractical plan57. Which of the following best describes the backpackers the author met?A. Courageous but disrespectful.B. Jobless and poorly educated.C. Warmhearted and trustworthy..D. Homeless but lighthearted.58. The author's sixth sense told her that ________.A. she would get along with the backpackersB. it might cause trouble to have a swimC. she ought to stay away from the backpackersD. it could add excitement to get a free ride59. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Most of the backpackers became the author's lifelong friends.B. The author gathered the courage to be a full time backpack traveler.C. The woman missed the phone call with the purpose of traveling alone.D. The author considered it the best decision of her life to travel on her own.(B)60. Alex wants to know how to ________.A. avoid uncertain terms in writingB. use tenses properly in one sentenceC. improve grammatical skillsD. focus on clear and short sentences61. Diana reminds Rajiv that he will be severely criticized forA. tending to hold gender prejudiceB. breaking the law using Mr Men titlesfC. not characterizing enough professionsD. not running a project related to education62. Which of the following questions is not supposed to be asked if you email Diana?A. Is there a good market for traditional poems these days?B. Can you possibly evaluate my recently written novel enclosed?C. Where can I get some instructive books on writing for my son?D. How can I write an appropriate acknowledgement for my book?CStudies show that older people tend to remember the positive things in life rather than the negative things,while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well. The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left, so they prioritize positive emotional experiences. But about a decade ago, I worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was an evolutionary basis for older people's increased positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body uses its energy.When our ancestors needed more energy than usual, perhaps while being chased by a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the brain? That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic (新陈代谢) output, whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing energy from the brain when our need- surpasses the available supply is not an option. Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest, in principle, we could borrow energy when we are sitting. But the problem is that most of the energy-demanding emergencies of our ancestors required a muscular response.There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not an effective response. This brings us to our immune system, which, when strong, protects us from many illnesses and diseases. Like the brain, the immune system works at great metabolic cost, but largely in the service of keeping us healthy, in the future. We have. an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So. when our body needs extra energy,one of the places it goes is our immune function. When you're being chased by a tiger, you don’t need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrow's cold. What you need is to shift all available energy resources to your legs, with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or sneeze.As a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we re happy, but to slowdown dramatically when we re not. With this background in mind, Trivers supposed that older people evolved a strategy of turning this relationship on its head, becoming morefocused on the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune. functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults, so they can deal with some of the unpleasant things in life more easily.63. According to Robert Trivers, when our body needs extra energy, ________A. muscles will respond to it by relaxing a little bitB. organs will speed up metabolic processes to answer itC. immune system will temporarily shut down to fulfill itD. brain will satisfy it by sharing optional metabolic output64.In paragraph 3 “this relationship" most probably refers to the one between ________A. experiences and related knowledgeB. happiness and biological evolutionC. immune function and healthD. optimism and length of life65. What can be concluded from Robert Trivers study?A. Younger people adopt strategies of handling tense situations from everyday life.B. Our ancestors evolved their immune systems in fighting against fierce animals.C. Realizing that their days are numbered, older people prefer being positive.D. Being negative drains energy from our body, lowering resistance to disease.66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Brain, muscles and immune systemB. Age, health and happinessC. Ancestors, emergency and evolutionD. Energy, effort and responseSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Spacewalk!Most people don't know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman Aleksi Leonov became the first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EV A) or spacewalk It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure,but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions.(67)__________ In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide._ 68_ Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites: during EV As.(69)___________ On July 20h, 1969,American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity- -about 17 percent of Earth's, which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moon's surface. Suits for the moon are equipped for exploration far from any. vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from the rough surface while walking. But sharp rocks weren't the only danger to astronauts.The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles (颗粒) leftover from the numerous. meteorite RMB) strikes on the moon.(70)__________. When astronauts would leave the moon's gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into delicate equipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut's eyes and lungs. As different space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EV A suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Holding Parents Responsible -An Unfair PunishmentThe rise in teen crime suggests. that some parents are failing at their parental tasks. To correct the problem,lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time. They hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.Despite public support for parental responsibility laws, many people think that the laws are unfair. They suggest that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a related fault on the parents part. For example, if young teenagers. are arrested for drinking alcohol supplied by parents, then parents should be held responsible because they helped the teenagers break the law.People who oppose parental responsibility laws -also believe that punishing parents is unlikely to create a change in the kids behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid.That lack of control may then lead to more crime,/The unfortunate fact is that jailing a mom ,or dad punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent can not work to help feed the family or pay the rent. A parent who is sent to jail for the crimes of a teenager may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, little evidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parents ability to control a teenager. The problem is that some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, even if the parents try hard to control them. These struggling parents are not ignoring their parental responsibilities. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situationneed help, not a jail sentence.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 窃贼一定是深夜时从窗户逃出去的。

2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--作文(解析版)2019届高三英语二模汇编——作文1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的朋友李楠想在高考结束后报班学习驾驶或者第二外语，他发邮件向你询问有没有兴趣一起学习，请给他回复一封电子邮件，必须包括以下内容：●你愿意一起报班学习，并告知感兴趣的内容，二选一；●阐述你选择的理由。

（注意：文中请不要出现真实的校名人名）Dear Li Nan，Thanks for asking me to join your plan of learning driving or the second foreign language after the university entrance exam. I’m interested in driving and would love to attend driving classes with you. If you wonder why I choose driving classes instead of second foreign language, below are my reasons.To begin with, after three years’ hard study in academic subjects, it’s high time that we try something different. Language learning is nothing different, given that we have already learned English for years. Driving is not necessarily easier than our studying at school, but it’s a good way to relieve us from the intense atmosphere. Next, if we are talented enough and make as much effort as we do with our academic study, we will able to get the driving license within one month, or even sooner. Thus we shall have almost 2 months left in the summer vacation, for other plans like traveling, speaking of which, here come the last point. How nice would it be if we can arrange a self-driving tour one or two weeks before the university enrollment. It will be an exciting and unforgettable experience for us.Looking forward to your reply!Yours,Li Hua2、2019普陀二模Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.第五届高中生创业大赛（Entrepreneurship Competition）近期在深圳落下帷幕。

2019届高三英语二模汇编——翻译1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72. 公众捐助为灾民们重建家园奠定了基础..foundation73. 除非你尽快改掉坏习惯;不然你的室友不会再容忍你..unless74. 现代社会期望年轻人能塑造一种有勇气、有担当的内在品格..expect75. 项目应为每个团队量身定制;这样才能激励队员们精诚团结;为达成目标不遗余力..tailor答案：72. The public’s donation laid/has laid a solid foundation for the victims to rebuild their home.73. Your roommate won’t/will not tolerate you anymore/ any longer unless you get rid of your bad habits as soon as possible.74. The youth are expected to create/build a kind of inner character with courage and responsibility in the modern society.75. The project should be tailored to the needs of each team so that it can motivate team members to unite together and spare no efforts to achieve their goal.2、2019普陀二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72. 微笑能照亮最暗的日子;让生活更美丽..brighten73. 当你感到压力时;听一些舒缓的音乐会大有帮助的..can74. 做事业;不是仅仅赚几个钱的问题..要实实在在、心无旁骛地做一个主业..It75. 电影流浪地球Wandering Earth讲述了人类一个宏大的计划：当地球面临毁灭的时候;人类将地球推出太阳系;寻找新的家园..tell of; in search of答案：72. A smile can brighten the darkest day and make life more beautiful.73. When you’re feeling stressed; listening to some calming music can be very helpful.74. It is not just a matter of making money when doing business. We must concentrate our attention to do a major job with all our heart /wholeheartedly.75. Wandering Earth tells of a grand plan of mankind: when the earth is facing destruction; humans will push the earth out of the solar system in search of a new home.3、2019徐汇二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72.那时;各种问题层出不穷.. arise73.中央电视台网络直播了这次重要的国际会议.. live74.这些难民不应该成为移民;因为他们最终将回到自己的国家去.. since75.这项工程须等到所有的准备工作就绪才能开工;这叫按规律办事.. which答案：72. At that time; problems were always arising. / At that time; problems arose one after another.73. The important international conference was broadcast live on CCTV network.74. These refugees should not become immigrants since they will eventually return to their own countries.75. The project will not start until all the preparatory work is ready; which is called doing things according to the rules.4、2019杨浦二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72. 出乎我意料的是收纳盒可以这么方便地使东西变得井井有条..keep73. 作为一名成年人;你一旦签下协议;就应该承担履行承诺的责任..assume74. 学生在小组讨论中越投入就越有信心完成后续的高要求任务..engage75. 不管意图如何; 表扬对学生有着积极的影响;使他们能作出更多的努力并且更有信心地面对将来的挑战..regardless答案：72. Out of my expectation; storage boxes make it so easy to keep things organized.73. As an adult; you should assume the responsibility of fulfilling your promise once you have signed anagreement.74. The more engaged students are in the group discussion; the more confident they will be of completing thefollowing demanding task.75. Regardless of the intentions; praise has a positive effect on the students; enabling them to make greaterefforts and face future challenges with more confidence.5、2019崇明二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72. 开展研究之前;你必须进行可行性分析..It73. 只有经常与最初的目标对照;你才能确保最终获得成功..Only74. 听书是否会打消孩子自己去读这本书的积极性还没有定论..discourage75. 正当医生们面对缺少稀有血一筹莫展时;一个病人家属主动提出了献血..idea答案：72. It’s a must for you to analyze its feasibility before conducting a research.73. Only by checking the initial goal frequently; can you make sure that success is achieved finally.74. Whether listening to a book will discourage children from reading it on their own remains an open question.75. Just when the doctors had no idea what to do with the lack of rare blood; a family member of a patient offeredto donate his/her blood.6、2019长宁二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72. 窃贼一定是深夜时从窗户逃出去的..must73. 在上海处处可见行人为坐在轮椅上的老人或残疾人让路..make way74. 新生身处不习惯的学习环境;产生焦虑是很自然的..It75. 唯有亲临这部音乐剧的现场;你才会明白为何六十年来每场演出都座无虚席..Only答案：72. The thief must have got out through the window late at night.73. Pedestrians can be seen to make way for the elderly or the disabled in wheelchairs everywhere in Shanghai.74. It is quite natural that freshmen feel anxious in a learning environment they are not accustomed to.It is quite natural for freshmen to feel anxious in a learning environment they are not used to.75. Only when you enjoy the musical on the spot can you figure out/ understand why there were no empty seats/all seats were occupied when each performance was on for sixty years.7&10、2019松江闵行二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72. 这部有关拯救地球的科幻片的确值得一看..worth73. 为了节约开支;我们决定自己做饭;不在饭店用餐..instead of74. 他自幼接触中国文化;对书法和古典诗歌产生了浓厚的兴趣..expose75. 垃圾分类有利环保;但要大规模推广还需克服许多难题..beneficial答案：72. This science fiction film about saving the Earth is indeed worth seeing.73. In order to save money; we decided to cook by ourselves instead of eating in the restaurant.74. He has been exposed to Chinese culture since childhood and developed a strong interest in calligraphy and classical poetry.75. Garbage classification is beneficial to environmental protection; but there are still many problems to be overcome if it is to be carried out on a large scale.8、2019宝山二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72. “爱你的邻居”对每个人而言都是一项艰巨的任务..tough73. 诸如地震这一类的自然灾害;对某些地区的影响远比其他地区更大..like74. 如果你的演讲有良好的规划和充满热情的演绎;肯定会打动听众的..inspire75. 为了让各类型的无线网络系统都能更快速连线;5G连线将使用毫米波的频率..available答案：72.“Love your neighbour” is a tough job for everyone.73.Natural disasters like earthquakes affect certain areas more than others.74.If your presentation is well-planned and passionately given; it's sure to inspire the audience.75.To make faster connections available for all types of wireless system; 5G connections will usemillimeter wave frequencies.9、2019奉贤二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72.这项新颁布的规定仅适用于一些突发情况..apply73.你越向别人敞开心扉;你心灵所承受的痛苦就越少..The more...74.北京之行最令我印象深刻的是故宫的雪以及其优质的导游服务..impression75.我国政府从未对垃圾分类问题那么重视过;相信通过大家齐心协力;我们的居住环境会变得更好..Never...答案：72. The newly-issued rule/regulation only applies to some emergency.73. The more you open your heart to others; the less you will suffer.74. What left me the deepest impression during my trip to Beijing was the snow of the Forbidden City and itshigh-quality tour guide service.75. Never before has the government in our country put such great value on garbage classification; so we believethat our living environments will become better with joint efforts.11、2019浦东二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72. 远足是我们接触大自然的最简单方式之一.e xpose73. 新上映的电影改编自一部极具人气的小说;非常卖座.w hich74. 和孩子们共读一本书;不仅能培养他们良好的阅读习惯;还能引领他们探索未知世界的奥妙..not only75. 在很多国家;各种形态优美的家犬已成为最受喜爱的家庭宠物;他们与人们朝夕相处;得到了悉心呵护..care答案：72. Hiking is one of the simplest ways for us to be exposed to nature.73. The newly released film; which is adapted from a very popular novel; sells well.74. Reading books with kids can not only develop their good reading habits; but also guide them to explore the mystery of the unknown world.75. In many countries; various beautiful/cute domestic/tamed dogs have become favorite/ the most beloved pets; and they live/stay together with people/humans day and time/from morning to night; receiving/getting/obtaining good care.12、2019静安二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72. 暴饮暴食被一些人认为是缓解工作压力的手段..regard73. 让我印象最深的是; 单身女性已成购房新军..impress74. 他对大家的警告充耳不闻;执意在如此恶劣的天气驾车上山..insist75. 在春节期间;许多服务行业的企业都面临着用工荒的问题; 大大阻碍了行业的发展..face答案：72. Overeating is regarded by some as a way to relieve work pressure.73. What impresses me most is that single women have emerged as new buyers for house property.74. He turned a deaf ear to people’s warnings and insisted on driving up the hill in such bad weather.75. During the spring festival; many enterprises in service industry are facing the problem of labour shortage; which greatly blocks the development of the industry.13、2019青浦二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72．正是她那种急于求成的心态让她无缘决赛..It73．观众在进入体育馆前须把个人物品寄存在入口处的储物柜中..require74．兼备书本知识与实践经验;为毕业生将来的职业生涯打基础.bination75．在这部电影中;两位主人公虽然家境不同;但是志趣相投;共同创业;最终成了莫逆之交..common答案：72. It is her eagerness for success that has made her miss the final.73. The audience are required to leave their personal belongings in the lockers at the entrance before entering the stadium/gym.74. The combination of book knowledge and practical experience lays a/the foundation for the future career of the graduates.75. In the film; the two characters were born with different backgrounds; but they had a lot/much in common; started business together/started an enterprise together/cofounded a company and became close/intimate friends at last.14、2019虹口二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72. 看来小王并不满足于已取得的进步..It73. 除非你注意言行;不然你会发现很难和新同事和睦相处..get along74. 无论什么情况都决不能饶恕那些企图在学术研究中弄虚作假的人;毕竟学习无捷径..Never75. 让教练倍感欣慰的是;队员们并没有因为球迷的吹毛求疵而垂头丧气;而是取长补短;更加努力地训练..make up for答案：72. It looks as if / seems / appears that Xiao Wang is not contented / satisfied / happy / pleased with the progress that / which he has made.73. You will find it is hard to get along well with new colleagues unless you pay attention to / attend to / see to / watch your words and behaviors / what you say and what you do. 主将从现得一分74. Never can those who attempt / intend to cheat in academic researches be spared / excused / forgiven / pardoned in any case / in all cases / whatever happens / no matter what happens; and; after all; there are no shortcuts to study / learning.75. To the coach’s / trainer’s great relief; the team members / players did not lose heart / were not discouraged / frustrated because the fans were critical of / were particular about / found fault with them; but learned from others’strengths to make up for their own weaknesses and trained harder. 用instead of结构亦可15、2019金山二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72. 尽管他已经非常尽力;他还是没能弥补损失..as73. 如今;为网络优质资源付费似乎是个热门现象..seem74．我认为这些家长们的焦虑源自于对孩子未来的不确定性;以及对成功这个概念的落伍理解..result75. 老年人能安度晚年;孩子们有幸福的童年;那就有千家万户幸福愉悦的家庭..lead答案：72. Hard as he tried; he failed to make up for the loss.73. Nowadays; it seems that paying for quality online resources is a popular phenomenon.74. I think these parents’ anxiety results from uncertainty abo ut their children’s future; and out-of-date concepts of success.75. When our senior citizens have decent lives in retirement and our children have nice childhoods; all families will lead happier lives.16、2019嘉定二模Directions: Translate the following sentences into English; using the words given in the brackets.72. 多亏了我们共同努力;最近项目有了进展..progress73. 只有那些学业表现优秀且个人素质高的学生;才会被授予奖学金..with74. 你眼下所面临的问题是;如何尽快克服每天服用安眠药才能入睡的习惯..overcome75. 令人欣慰的是;尽管他年轻时遭受巨大不幸;他对生活仍然乐观;心存善意;追求美好..optimistic答案：72. Thanks to our combined efforts/ joint efforts; progress has been made in our project recently.73. Only those students with excellent academic performances and personal qualities will be awarded ascholarship.74. The problem you face now/ you are faced with now is how to overcome as soon as possible the habit of goingto sleep/ falling asleep by taking sleeping pills every day.75. To our relief; he is still optimistic about life; kind in heart and is in pursuit of happiness/a happy life/beauty /the beautiful though he suffered great misfortune when he was young.//To our relief; he is still optimistic about life; kind in heart and pursues happiness/a happy life/ beauty/ the beautiful despite his great misfortune when he was young./ /We are relieved that…11。

北京市西城区2019届高三英语二模试题本试卷共10页，共120分.考试时长100分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一部分：知识运用（共两节,45分）第一节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1。

5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

AWhen I was in high school our physics teacher gave us a challenge 1 involved making a paper airplane of any shape. The only objective was to get it to fly as far as possible。

2 (stand）at the starting line，one of my classmates took a piece of flat paper, crumpled (把…捏成一团） it up, and 3 (throw) it down the way。

He beat the class with ease。

Some of the students got mad and said that he cheated， but the physics teacher 4 (clear) explained it could be any shape and that a paper ball was indeed a shape。

BBuildings around the world 5 （go） dark for 60 minutes this evening in a voluntary event known as Earth Hour。

This grassroots effort started in 2007 in Sydney, Australia，and has since grown into 6 global movement to raise awareness of our energy consumption and the effects of climate change on our planet。

上海市浦东新区2019届高三高考二模英语试题 2019.4考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the boat. B. At the gallery.C. At the gas station.D. In the countryside.2. A. 15 minutes. B. 45 minutes.C. 50 minutes.D. 60 minutes.3. A. Director and actress. B. Boss and secretary.C. Professor and student.D. Waiter and guest.4. A. Annoyed. B. Confused. C. Surprised. D. Worried.5. A. Changing the topic of the paper.B. Giving the paper to his tutor.C. Asking Mrs. Black for advice.D. Choosing biology as the subject.6. A. Reduce pressure and relax herself.B. Solve the serious problems at once.C. Lift spirits by forgetting bad things.D. Find the right address of the hospital.7. A. John's ideas are different from hers.B. John's speech has something to be desired.C. John has a talent for delivering public speeches.D. John is brave enough to express his viewpoints.8. A. Ask the man to borrow a printer.B. Buy a new printer with less noise.C. Read a book on how to fix the printer.D. Get a repairman to check the printer.9. A. Top concern should be given to safety.B. Bicycles are popular with consumers.C. Bicycles are not always extremely cheap.D. The price can not decide the quality of bicycles.10. A. Because she has got a membership card.B. Because she has already got a big discount.C. Because she wants to buy books at a low price.D. Because she works as an accountant at the store.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.II. A. Fable books. B. Fairy tales.C. Magic handbooks.D. Science fictions.12. A. Speeding up if necessary.B. Practising precisely and slowly.C. Playing the piano patiently.D. Playing tricks without being noticed.13. A. Live and learn. B. Curiosity killed the cat.C. Seeing is believing.D. Practice makes perfect. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It connects a chip to collect different color frequency.B. It changes the color frequency and becomes a part of the body.C. It receives the color frequency and sends the frequency to a chip.D. It detects the colors and gives feedback to the brain through a chip.15. A. Because color frequency was detected.B. Because an electronic device was installed.C. Because the project was secretly carried out.D. Because his official image was accidentally seen.16. A. Adam alone invented the electronic device.B. The device has improved the speaker's eyesight.C. The speaker can enjoy a Picasso without the electronic eye.D. The electronic eye helps those suffering from color blindness.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He got his shirt dirty accidentally.B. He was injured because of the airflow.C. He was interrupted by his neighbor.D. He was rudely treated by the airhostess.18. A. It is worse than before.B. It has improved just a little recently.C. It is well worth the price.D. It lives up to passengers' expectations.19. A. Because the flight was overbooked.B. Because he forgot to book the flight ticket.C. Because he went to the wrong check-in counter.D. Because the flight was delayed due to the bad weather.20. A. Tempting. B. Frightening.C. Frustrating.D. Exciting.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections : After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Meet Alexa, Your Digital RoommateWho is Alexa? She is a digital assistant that is part of the voice-activated Echo Dot “smart speaker” produced by Amazon. This year Saint Louis University in Missouri has placed one of the speakers in every dorm room (21) _______ its campus. Students can ask the virtual assistant anything from “When are the football teams playing?” to “What’s the square root of 1440?”SLU student Brendan McGuire said: “Instead of sear ching on the Internet while I (22) _______ (tap) away at my computer, I can just ask Alexa: Hey Alexa, ask SLU what’s the molecular（分子的）weight of water? And I can have the answer without (23) _______(interrupt) my process.” That’s exactly (24) _______ school officials had in mind when they decided to provide the smart speakers free of charge for students.“The students we attract (25)_______ (drive) to achieve success in and out of the classroom,” David Hakanson, SLU’s vice president, said. “Every minute we can save our students from having to search for the information online is another minute (26) _______ (commit) to their education.’Saint Louis University is the first in the U.S. (27) _______ (include) an Echo Dot smart speaker in every campus living space. Other colleges have also found ways to offer the technology to students. This year Northeastern University in Boston installed 60 speakers in public places (28) _______ _______ _______ students could get answers to common questions.At Arizona State University, engineering students living in the brand-new residence hall have the option of adding an Amazon Echo Dot to their rooms. “Our focus is putting this technology into the hands of our students in a way (29) _______ will build an ecosystem. (30) _______ supports voice technologies throughout the ASU campus,” said Heredia, a director at ASU. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not that there is one word more than you need.A. regionB. initiativeC. sticksD. domesticE. priorityF. shrinkingG. solidH. mattersI. classicJ. expandingK. indefinableUNIQLO’s founder tries to find a way to beat Zara and H&MWhen asked what guides his vision of UNIQLO, Tadashi Yanai, its founder and chief executive, pulls off the shelf the 1987 autumn/winter collection catalogue of Next, a mass-market British retailer. All of the clothes are so ___31___, he says, that they could be worn today. While Zara of Spain and H&M of Sweden follow fashion trends without having any original thought, UNIQLO of Japan ___32___ to timeless basics.Mr. Yanai has a/an ___33___ base at home from which to develop into his Western competitors’ main markets of Europe and America. But instead his ___34___ remains Asia. “Asia is the engine of growth today,” he says, pointing to the millions of consumers across the ___35___ who are reaching the middle class. UNIQLO will open its first shop in India this year and is considering ___36___ into Vietnam and other countries (it has already opened networks of shops in Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand).The success or not of UNIPLO’s overseas o perations ___37___ greatly to investors at home. Fast Retailing’s shares --- Mr. Yanai owns just over 20% of the firm --- have been rising since 2015, Analysts estimate, largely owingto its international expansion and improved logistics （物流）. At home thefirm is closing stores because the population is ___38___. Last year UNIQLO’s international profits overtook its ___39___ sales for the first time and its foreign operation profits almost equaled its Japanese equivalent. Though they are very different markets, Europe and America offer a cautionary tale. UNIQLO in America struggled outside the big cities of the east and west coasts. Growth in America remains ___40___ for UNIQLO both there and in Europe. However, Mr. Yanai, an enthusiastic fan of globalization, is confident that he can guide UNIQLO through the changes needed.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing inpapers, agonize（苦苦思索）over projects at work, and even worry aboutsmall errors from the past. High ___41___ are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers have discovered, ___42___ perfection can have serious consequences to mental and physical well-being. Since perfectionism is ___43___ with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes ___44___ to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn’t mean being unsuccessful. ___45___, mistakes are an important part of learning and growing. ___46___, imperfection can actually help us in the long run.One possible ___47___ to perfectionism involves developing whatpsychologists call a growth mindset（思维方式）.Researchers at StanfordUniversity have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a key way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with ___48___ mindsets --- who see their skill levels as inborn and unchangeable, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a ___49___ role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towards failure: they can praise their children for making an effort even if their results are imperfect and help children learn to ___50___ when they make mistakes.Another ___51___ option for perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion（自我同情）. To understand self-compassion, thank about how you would___52___ a close friend if they made a mistake. Chances are that you’d probably make responses with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves ___53___ when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of being human, and avoid being ___54___ by negative emotions. Self-compassion can be beneficial for mental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate ways. If you’re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try.Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive（认知的）behavioral therapycan be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning ___55___, and replacing self-criticism with self-compassion, it’s possible to overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself.41. A. risks B. values C. profits D. standards42. A. identifying B. mirroring C. concealing D. pursuing43. A. hardened B. associated C. compared D. replaced44. A. hesitant B. courageous C. desperate D. bound45. A. for instance B. By contrast C. In fact D. On average46. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead47. A. obstacle B. alternative C. attitude D. equivalent48. A. various B. fixed C. positive D. keen49. A. casual B. creative C. crucial D. changeable50. A. persevere B. scheme C. negotiate D. survive51. A. potential B. conditional C. unique D. sustainable52. A. compete with B. run after C. respond to D. argue with53. A. favorably B. kindly C. accordingly D. differently54. A. promoted B. inspired C. monitored D. consumed55. A. skills B. outcomes C. levels D. opportunities Section Bdirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )I had a teac her who used to wake up in class by shouting: “The early bird gets the worm!” I say “let him have the worm”. I hate food that doesn’t stay still, and avoid Japanese restaurants for that very reason. Anyway, I stopped eating worms at the age of three, switching to regular breakfasts of cereal（谷物）, to which I would add extra sugar.Recently I was thinking about early birds and the competitive spirit after receiving a letter from a reader in Malaysia: ”My son deliberately throws away marks because he doesn’t like to be top of the class. What shall I do?” Give him a round of “applause” for being smart! Actually many children in Asia tend to be the focus by performing better.Placed into a very competitive class when I was 11, I quickly learned the ideal position was second to last. The top three performers and the very last person are highlighted; the second-to-last contestant is INVISIBLE. And it’s an easy position to get—just deliberately underperform at every test. I could do that. I once came second to last in eight straight sports day races. No one suspected anything. I was so invisible that I could have robbed a bank in my street and no one would have noticed.At the London Olympics a few months ago, badminton pairs from three Asian countries deliberately tried to lost matches to draw good lots in later rounds. It was funny to watch, but they were all thrown out for poor sportsmanship. What they really needed were acting lessons, their moves were so unconvincing. “Oops, I hit the ball in entirely the wrong direction.”The other day, I took the children out and they raced for the car. “I’m first,” said one. The second said: “First is worst, second is best.” Together they sang at the last one: “And third’s the one with a hairy chest.”It struck me that the organizers of sports matches could use this song when people deliberately lost matches. “I lost,” the delighted loser will say. The judges could still declare them winners, pointing to a new, optional regulation: “First is worst, second is best, third’s the one with a hairy chest.”56. Why did the author dislike Japanese restaurant?A. Its food was served raw.B. Its food contained worms.C. He was tempted by cereal.D. He was affected by the saying.57. How did the author manage to be invisible in a competitive class?A. He highlighted the top three students.B. He came to second in sports races.C. He hid himself in a bank skillfully.D. He intentionally underperformed.58. What can be learned from the passage?A. The judge is encouraged to eliminate the dishonest players.B. Players disqualified from Olympic doubles for using drugs.C. Children’s song praises the dramatic acting skills of athletes.D. players purposefully failed for easier lots in the following rounds.59. Which saying might the author possibly support?A. Great minds think alike.B. God favors those who are prepared.C. Honesty is the best policy.D. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush( B )Shot in more than 40 locations in L.A., the musical La La Land is “a love letter to the city”. To coincide with UK r elease, we asked a local writer to pick some of the film’s amazing settings.Judge Harry Pregerson InterchangeLa La Land’s opening scene is a six-minute dance that plays out in L.A.’s bad traffic. It is also where the film’s leading roles, struggling actr ess Mia and jazz pianist Sebastian, first encounter each other—in a road anger incident. The scene is said to have been filmed over two hot days in south L.A.Smokehouse Restaurant, BurbankThis is the setting for the scene in which Mia discovers Sebastian’s talent for the piano. The fictional Lipton’s restaurant---where jazz purist Sebastianwas reluctant to play Christmas music---is in reality a place long frequented by actors, producers and other show business types. It has been on this spot, across the street from the Warner Bros studio, since 1949. In the film, theouter wall of Lipton’s is the You are the Star mural（壁画）. which featuresMarilyn Monroe, Charlie Chaplin and others, which is on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Wicox Avenue in Hollywood in reality.Warner Bros Studios, BurbankMia works at the studio’s coffee shop, where Sebastian comes to meet her. As they wander the studio’s lot, Mia points out “the window that Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman looked out in Casablanca.” It’s one of the film’s numerous nods to movie history. Warner Brons is still a working studio, with 35 sound stages, 14 exterior sets and visitor tours. Cathy’s Corner, Mount Hollywood DriveThis section of the road that winds through Griffth Park is the setting of their dance play. It overlooks the San Fernando Valley and features on the film poster. Cathy’s Corner is near famed Mu lholland Drive, but prepare for disappointment if you’re expecting a park bench and street lamps, which only exist in the movie.60. In order to encounter some film stars, you may go to _______.A. Judge Harry Pregerson InterchangeB. Smokehouse RestaurantC. Warner Bros StudioD. Cath’s Corner61. Mia mentioned the underlined sentence so as to _______.A. stress Warner Bros is still in functionB. show respect for movies of previous generationsC. illustrate La La Land was filmed at Hollywood Center StudiosD. compare Mia and Sebastian’s love story with Humphrey and Ingrid62. In which section of a website can you most probably find this passage?A. Nature and Environment.B. City and Transport.C. Travel and Recreation.D. Food and Health.( C )Few facts about modern life seem more undeniable than how busy everyone seems to be. Across the industrialized world, large numbers of survey respondents tell researchers they’re overburdened with work, at the expense of time with family and friends.But the total time people are working , whether paid or otherwise, has not increased in Europe or North America in recent decades. What’s more, the date also show that the people who say they’re the busiest generally aren’t. Part of the answer is simple economics. As economies grow, and the incomes of the better-off have risen over time, time has literally become morevaluable: Any given hour is worth more, so we experience more pressure to squeeze in more work.But it’s also a result of the kind of wor k in which many of us are engaged. In the past, farming work was subject to weather limits, white at present people live in an “unlimited world,” and there are always more incoming emails, more meetings, more things to read, and digital mobile technology means you have a few more to-do list items.With time pressure weighing us down, it’s hardly surprising that we live with one eye on the clock. But psychological research demonstrates that this time-awareness actually leads to worse performance. So the ironic consequence of the “busy feeling” is that we could handle to-do list less well than if we weren’t so rushed.Arguable worst of all, the feeling of rush spreads to affect our leisure time, so that even when life finally does permit an hour or two for recovery, we end up feeling that leisure time should be spent ”productively,” too.If there’s a solution to the busyness epidemic（流行病）, other than the universal 21-hour workweek, it may lie in clearly realizing just how reasonable our attitudes have become. Historically, the ultimate symbol of wealth, achievement and social superiority was the freedom not to work. Now, it’s busyness that has become the indicator of high status. “Thebest-off in our society are often very busy, and have to be,” says Gershunny. “You ask me, am I busy, and I tell you: ”Yes, of course I’m busy because I’m an important person!”Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves.63. According to the author, people’s feeling about busyness resultsfrom_______.A. the increase in time valueB. the sacrifice of family timeC. the longer working timeD. the change of working partners64. The underlined phrase “weighing us down” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _______.A. making us overburdenedB. having a positive effect on usC. measuring us in all aspectsD. giving us time for reflection65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The solution to busyness is applying a 21-hour workweek.B. If people had leisure time, they would relax themselves.C. The feeling of being burdened spells low productivity.D. Freedom is overrepresented in the current society.66. What does the passage mainly concerned with?A. The measurement of wealth in the current society.B. The evolution of people’s attitude towards busyness.C. The hidden reasons and effects of people’s busyness.D. The solution to prioritizing the crucial tasks in busyness.Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a propersentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note thatthere are two more sentences than you need.A. However, meal kits are likely heading for the mainstream.B. If it’s single-use and thrown away, the packaging is a killer.C. In that case, you might replace dozens of car trips with one truck trip.D. Meal knits arrive on your doorstep by truck filled with every ingredient you ne ed.E. Tailor-made meal kits save waste by providing precise quantities of fresh ingredi ents.F. If food waste was a country, it would rank third in emissions behind the US an d China.Meal kits（餐具）cut food waste but packaging is a problemHome delivery meal kits can slash（大幅消减）food waste by more thantwo-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to makethem environmentally friendly.___67____ That means leftovers are minimized. But while the deliveryservices score well on reducing food waste, buying the same ingredientsfrom the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply becausemeal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if youhave meals that are tailored for consumption, people won’t over-buy andyou have less food waste. You fine-tune the portions to what people willactually eat.Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates methane（甲烷）that contributes to climate change. ___68____ A 2018 reportfrom the Boston Consulting Group found that the waste was set to soarby a third by 2030 when global food waste was estimated to reach 2.1 bntonnes.Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if they mean people take fewertrips to the supermarket. If people only went to buy goods that areunlikely to decay such as soap and toilet paper, they might only have tovisit the supermarket once every couple of months. That delivery truckcan carry meals for you and dozens of neighbors. ____69___The study found that even if delivered meal kits reduced food waste tozero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the samefood from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kitpackaging was cut by a fifth. ___70___ All the environmental benefits are lost. But if the packaging can be reused, you can get some benefits.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as fa as possible.Loneliness PeaksFor years America has been talking about obesity, but a new study points to a more serious health issue: isolation and loneliness.Being connected to others socially is widely considered a fundamental human need --- crucial to both well-being and survival. Extreme examples show infants who lack human contact in care fail to grow and often die. Indeed, social isolation has been used as a form of punishment. According to Julianne Holt-Lunstad, the lead author of the study, an increasing portion of the U.S. population now population now experiences isolation regularly. Over 42 million adults above age 45 in the U.S. are estimated to be suffering from chronic（长期的）loneliness. The study of 340 adults between the ages of 27 and 101 living in San Diego identified three key age ranges when people felt the loneliest. Participants who had the highest levels of loneliness were in theirlate-20s, mid-50s and late-80s. While it may come as a surprise that people in their late-20s suffered from loneliness, a larger survey shows they actually may suffer the hardest.With an increasing number of people working from home, watching television, getting into an addiction to electronic devices, it has become too easy to be alone, even if that’s not a person’s intention. Modern day conveniences like having anything we want delivered make it possible to never need to leave the house. So, not surprisingly, those with frequent social contact usually feel less lonely than those with few social ties. Mounting evidence suggests social isolation and loneliness significantly impact our health, and even shorten our lives, just like obesity. This study isn’t the first time loneliness has bee n flagged as an emerging health issue. Therefore, reducing both isolation and loneliness is important for quality of life and well-being.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 远足是我们接触大自然的最简单方式之一。

见微知著，闻弦歌而知雅意2019-2020届备考安徽省合肥市2019届第二次模拟考试英语试题第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.15.C. £9.18.答案是B。

1. What does Bob think of his first day at wo rk?A. Exciting.B. Boring.C. Interesting.2. How many pages of hom ework will they do?A. Three.B. Two.C. Four.3. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. When Jim will return.B. Where Tom flew to.C. Who is reading a book there.4. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a bank.B. In a restaurant.C. At a train station.5. What does the woman plan to do tonight?A. Watch a movie.B. Give a performance.C. Practice the piano.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Is Hothouse Earth Avoidable?Nearly 50 years ago, the Club of Rome’s report “Limits to Growth” warned that if economic growth continued fast without regard for the environment, the world could face ecological and economic collapse in the twenty-first century. Yet that is essentially (21) ________ has happened. As new research for the Club of Rome shows --- and the latest report from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states --- the world (22) ________ well be headed towards disaster.Many wrongly (23) ________ (interpret) the “Limits to Growth” as an stack on uncontrolled economic expansion. In fact, the report argued that (24) ________ the unlimited-growth pathway was chosen, it would require complementary policies (including funding) (25) ________ (preserve) the planet’s limited life-support systems.This argument (26) ________ (ignore). Instead, the world has continued to pursue fast growth, without regard for the environmental consequences. This has enabled us to make enormous progress in reducing poverty, increasing longevity, and increasing wealth. (27) ________ it has come at a high cost to the formation of the society and the restoration of the planet.As scientists have conclusively shown, in the last decade, we have entered a new geological ear, the Anthropocene, in which human activity – in particular, economic activity --- has been the dominant factor (28) ________ (influence) Earth’s climate and environment. In the Anthropocene, our planet’s life-support system is changing faster than ever.Climate change now represents a clear and present danger. If our planet becomes just 2℃ Warner than pre-industrial temperatures, we may be placed irreversibly on the path toward “Hothouse Earth” --- a situation (29)_______ temperatures are many degrees warmer than today, sea levels are considerably higher, and extreme weather events are (30) _______ (common) --- and more destructive --- than ever.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beThe Next frontier: Using Thought to Control MachinesTechnologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, the term is justified.Mr. Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cycling accident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This 31 progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm, which stimulate muscles. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr. Kochevar can control his arm using the power of thought. His intention to move is 32 in neural （神经的）activity in his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and 33 into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. But brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) like the BrainGate system used by Mr. Kochevar provide evidence that mind-control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to stimulate the brain. Over 300,000 people have cochlear（耳蜗的）implants, which help them to hear by 34 sound into electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have “ 35 “ data into monkeys heads, instructing them to perform actions via electrical pulses.As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and the scale of its ambition are 36 . Both America’s armed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text 37 . Kernel, a startup, has $100m to spend on neuroethology. Elon Musk has formed a firm called Neuralink; he thinks that, if humanity is to survive the arrival of artificial intelligence, it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs imagine a world in which people can communicate using thoughts, with each other and with machines, or acquire 38 abilities, such as hearing at very high frequencies.These powers if they ever materialize, are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could open the door to wonderful new 39 . Imagine stimulating the visual region to help the blind, making new neural 40 in stroke victims or monitoring the brain for sighs of depression. By turning the firing of neurons into a resource to be used, BCIs may change the idea of what it means to be human.Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How comfortable are you around water? Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to keep your head above water? Are you comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do you prefer to move into shallow water where the bottom is 41 ?Most people expose themselves to water and swimming situations according to their 42 levels of skill and comfort. The same might be true as you assess your comfort level with different academic environments 43 a good college “fit”. Just as you might study a body of water to figure out its temperature, depth and current before venturing in, you need to 44 the difficulties, pace and depth of an academic environment --- and your ability to keep your “head above water” if admitted --- before deciding to apply.When looking at academic difficulties as a(n) 45 of “fit”, you are likely to find that you have the capacity to “get the job done” academically in a range of college environments. 46 , you are not likely to have difficulty with the “water” itself. You will fit best, however, at colleges and universities where your ability and preparation enable you to rise to new levels of 47 .Your goal should be to find academic environments where your levels of ability and preparation will enable you to achieve well as you stretch yourself 48 . These places represent appropriate “bodies of water” for you academically.The best 49 of comprehension regarding your preparedness to meet the academic requirements of various colleges and universities are your high school teachers. Because they are very familiar with your capabilities, your teachers can offer 50 help in identifying the colleges where you will find the best academic programs for you.Assuming you are able to find appropriate environments academically, you then need to assess the 51 of your school reports for admission to those colleges. How does your academic record (grades and test scores) pile up against those of other students who will be 52 , most (about 90%) of whom are just like you in that they can do the work too?You need to be honest in 53 this part of the picture, especially if you are considering colleges that can be highly selective and tend to admit very small percentages of the students who apply. A lot of students get in over their heads competitively when they fail to consider the real odds of gaining admission. While you might feel you are a 54 candidate at schools that can be very choosy, the reality is that you need to be in the top 25 percent of applicant pools at such schools to have a fighting chance of being admitted. By the way, you don’t 55 your chances of getting into at least one such school by applying to a dozen of them!41. A. tough B. mysterious C. visible D. different42. A. explosive B. respective C. potential D. reasonable43. A. on behalf of B. in the place of C. in case of D. in search of44. A. observe B. overcome C. investigate D. complete45. A. indication B. implication C. innovation D. intention46. A. In addition B. In other words C. By comparison D. By contrast47. A. continent B. contribution C. challenge D. conscience48. A. considerately B. traditionally C. influentially D. intellectually49. A. sources B. origins C. concerns D. demands50. A. continuous B. invaluable C. powerless D. unforgettable51. A. reliability B. alternative C. competitiveness D. recommendation52. A. applying B. considering C. comparing D. persisting53. A. appreciating B. assessing C. presenting D. comprehending54. A. flexible B. positive C. feasible D. progressive55. A. grasp B. change C. create D. increase49. A 50. B51. C 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. DSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)In 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass grave. The bodies weren’t human. They were feline --- ancient cats that had been mummified （木乃伊化的）and buried in holes in astonishing numbers. “Not one or two here and there”, reported English Illustrated Magazine, “but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a layer thicker than most coal joints, then to twenty cats deep.” Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children peddled the best ones to tourist for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer. One ship transported about 180,000, weighing some 38,000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England.Those were the days of generously funded explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the estates and museums of Europe and America. The many thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just things to be cleared away to get at the good stuff. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally unrecognized.In the century since then, archaeology has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. Archaeologists now realize that much of their sites’ wealth lies in the majority of details about ordinary folks—what they did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that.“They’re really displays of daily life,” says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After peering beneath bandages with x-rays and cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection --- a bridge between people today and those of long ago. “You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.”56. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “peddled”(paragraph 1)?A. modernizedB. displayedC. illustratedD. demonstrated57. Why was archaeology once referred to as a “treasure hunt” (paragraph 3)?A. In the royal tombs, there were many treasures made of silver and gold.B. Animal mummies could be made into fertilizer which is very valuable.C. It was hard to find animal mummies since they were buried under dirt.D. People sought the remains of ancient Egypt merely for their material value.58. Which of the following is TRUE about Salima Ikram?A. She wishes to establish the continuity of pets over history.B. She believes that studying the remains can help modern society relate to the past.C. She wants to identify the King’s personal belongings and classify them.D. She doubts if current society will understand the significance of Egyptian remains.59. This article probably encourages the readers to _______.A. value the past by studying the remains left behind by our ancestorsB. make full use of the remains our ancestors have left behindC. understand that animal mummies are more important than gold and masksD. become more sensitive to the ancient lifestyle of our ancestors(B)●Stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length●Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed trailing edgeon flukes, often raised when diving●Bumpy tubercles on top of head●Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of bodyand flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition●Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped●270-400 olive baleen platesHumpback whales belong to the rorqual (groove-throated ) family,which includes fin, sei, Bryde’s, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remain in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed.Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a ‘hump’ back when submerging, but at a distance may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving , such as sperm, right and blue whales.Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.60. Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales?A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin.B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized.D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.61. Which of the following can be inferred from this article’s description of humpback whales’ migration?A. They need warmer waters to breed.B. They can’t survive in extreme cold.C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters.D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand water.62. This article is mainly intended to _______.A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the worldB. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous watersC. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protectionD. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species(C)Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of relics, a collection of has-beens, old-times, antiques, fossils. Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of books. Yes, that’s tight. If you have some spare cash (the going rate is about $89) and you are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader. E-readers are replacing the books of old and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images or both, and produced on ,published through and readable on computers or other electronic devices. Sometimes the equivalent of a conventional printed book, e-books can also be born digital. The oxford Dictionary of English defines the b-book as “an electronic version of a printed book”, but e-book can and to exist without any printed equivalent.E-readers put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.The average e-reader can store thousands of digital books, providing a genuine library at your fingertips. What is more, the e-reader itself is very small. It is easy to hold and can fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily. This makes handling wooden giant such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina a breeze. Perhaps the only drawback to the space-saving aspect of an e-reader is that it requires you to find new things to put on your shelves.In addition, e-readers are environmentally friendly. The average novel is about 300 pages long. So, if a novel is printed 1000 times, is will use 300,000 pieces of paper. That’s a lot of paper! And for the super bestsellers, these figures increase dramatically. For example, the Harry Potter book series has sold over 450 million copies. That’s about 2 million trees! Upon viewing these figures, it is not hard to grasp the severe impact of printed books on the environment. Since e-readers use no trees, they represent a significant amount of preservation in terms of the environment and itsresources.Finally, e-readers provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. The typical e-reader allows its user to adjust letter size, letterform and line spacing. It also allows highlighting and electronic bookmarking.Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an overview of a book and then jump to specific location based on that overview. While these are all nice features, perhaps the most helpful of all is the ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger. On even the most basic e-reader, users can find instant definitions without having to hunt through a physical dictionary.It can be seen that e-readers are superior to printed books. They save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. So what good are printed books? Well, they certainly make nice decorations.63. As used in paragraph 1, it can be inferred that “has-beens, old-times, antiques, fossils” are all words that describe something_______.A. outdatedB. typicalC. meaningfulD. useless64. Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that printed books of War and Peace and Anna Karenina are all_______.A. superior and dramaticB. dense and environmentalC. awkward and heavyD. significant and resistant65. According to the author, which of the following reading tips and tools are offered by the e-reader?1. line spacing customization2. the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book3. access to a printed dictionary at the touch of a fingerA. 1 and 2 onlyB. 1 and 3 onlyC. 2 and 3 onlyD. 1, 2 and 366. Which of the following sentences from the passage best summarizes the author’s main point?A. “If you have some spare cash (the going rate is about $89) and are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader.”B. “E-reader are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).”C. “An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and readable on computers or other electronic devices.”D. “E- readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly, and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.”Section CDirections: Read the following passage, Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Sustainable Cities Need More Than Parks, Cafes and a Riverwalk There are many standards that aim to rank how green cities are. But what does it actually mean for a city to be green or sustainable?We’ve written about what we call the “Parks, cages and a Riverwalk” model of sustainability, which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people. This vision of shiny residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. 67Gentrification （住宅高档化）has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. 68Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities, 69 And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.70 It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.Ⅱ. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.DesertificationDesertification is one of the world’s most alarming processes of environmental degradation （退化）. The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it’s a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about landdegradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil sociery, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world on a safer, more sustainable path of development.The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also celebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world’s deserts.℃. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets72. 公众捐助为灾民们重建家园奠定了基础。