Chapter 1
问答题
2.Distinguish between possession, form, time, and place utility.
Possession utility refers to the value or usefulness that comes from a customer being able to take possession of a product and can be influenced by the relevant payment terms. Form utility refers to a product’s being in a form that (1) can be used by the customer and (2) is of value to the customer. Time utility refers to having products available when they are needed by customers while place utility refers to having products available where they are needed by customers.
11．Distinguish between inbound logistics, materials management, and physical distribution.
材料进入和存储进一个公司；公司内对材料和零件的管理；成品走向顾客。Inbound logistics refers to the movement and storage of materials into a firm; materials management refers to the movement and storage of materials and components within a firm; physical distribution refers to the storage of finished product and movement to the customer.
13.Explain what is meant by the total cost approach to logistics.
总成本研究方法要把各个活动看做一个整体研究，要对成本权衡，一个活动的成本增加不代表总成本增加，其他活动成本可能减少，从而总成本减少。
The total cost approach to logistics is built on the premise that all relevant activities in moving and storing products should be considered as a whole (i.e., their total cost) and not https://www.doczj.com/doc/7a8321193.html,e of the total cost approach requires an understanding of cost tradeoffs. In other words, changes to one logistics activity cause some costs to increase and others to decrease. The key to the total cost approach is that all relevant cost items are considered simultaneously when making a decision. The objective is to find the approach with the lowest total cost that supports the organization’s customer service requirements.
案例题
Case1-2
Question 1:List and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of purchasing a two-wheeled trailer for each store to use for delivering Super Gyms.
Because the stores are in a number of states, one would have to check the motor vehicle and insurance requirements of each state. An advantage is that deliveries would be under the control of each store. A disadvantage may be labor costs, especially if two workers are needed to make the delivery. Also, once at the site, the store’s employees might be asked to assist in the assembly of the gym.
70家商店分布在不同的八个州，如果给每个商店配置一个两轮拖车，就要了解各个州对于车辆规定。一个利处就是每一家商店的货物配送都能够机动地
掌握在自己的手中，一个弊端可能就是耗费了财力，而且还需要配备额外的人力来运送，到达客户处后，客户可能会要求店员协助其完成健身房的装配。
Question 2:List and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of having local trucking companies deliver the Super Gym from the retail stores to the customers. There are probably no disadvantages to using a local trucking company to make the delivery. A decision would have to be made how to handle the trucking firm’s charges.
让当地货运公司来运送超级健身房，就解决了运输难的问题，一切配送计划交由给货运公司即可，相对来说比较麻烦的就是与货运公司协商报酬多少的问题。
Question 3:List and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of stocking Super Gyms at the distribution centers and then having the truck that make deliveries from the distribution center to the retail stores and also make deliveries of Super Gyms to individual customers.
The problem here focuses on the size of equipment; the large tractor-trailer combinations are not suited to making home deliveries. The actual costs to KiddieLand of using trucks this way might be very high. There might be some savings in inventory costs by stocking the gyms at the distribution center rather than at each retail store.
让货车直接把超级健身房从配送中心运到零售商店和客户处，虽然解决了货物太大客户无法自己运回的问题，但是运货的卡车通常都较大，像莎伦说的那样，是不适合进入小区进行家庭配送的。况且还要考虑到库存成本，在配送中心存放和在零售商店存放的成本对于各地区来说也是不一样的，或许对于某个州来说，把货物存放在配送中心更能节省成本。
Question 4:List and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of charging the customer for home delivery if they are unable to carry the Super Gym home.
Perhaps the one advantage to charging for home delivery is that KiddieLand recoups the associated costs. However, because charged home delivery will add to the customer’s total purchase price, there could be a reduction in demand or this could generate customer dissatisfaction.
根据奥尔加所说，Kiddieland从未向客户索要过运费，但之前也从未出售过如此巨大的商品。就优点来说，由客户支付运费毫无争议地会减少Kiddieland的成本，但是对于消费者来说，费用增加必然会导致购买需求降低，会导致顾客在认知上的改观，顾客可能对你的行为表示不满，从而导致客户源减少。
Question 5: Which alternative would you prefer? Why?
The student can choose any alternative. However, the text of the case seems to prefer the use of a local trucking company and charging the customer for home delivery.
我认为大可以选择众策略中的两个合并起来用，如果我们联系当地的货运公司与其合作，然后由顾客来支付运费又会如何呢？对于以前的货物，因为体积不大所以顾客自己可以运回家，公司不提供送货到家的服务。现在依然保持这样。如果因为货物太大顾客没有办法自己运回，那么就由顾客来决定是否选择又货运公司来运送。我们只起一个联系顾客和货运公司的作用、提供线索的作用，这样既能把与货运公司运费协商的问题解决，又不会导致顾客在对公司的认知上有太大的改变。
Question 6:Draft a brief statement (catalog copy) to be inserted in the firm’s spring/summer brochure that clearly explains to the potential customers the policy that is recommended in question 5.
The brochure is intended for use in all stores, so whatever copy is prepared must be widely applicable. A sentence might read: “The Super Gym comes unassembled and is packed in three boxes: one weighing ____ pounds, is ____ inches by ____ inches by ____ inches; the second weighs ____ pounds, is ____ inches by ____ inches by ____ inches; and the third weighs ____ pounds, and is ____ inches by ____ inches by ____ inches. Assembly requires the following tools: ____; ____; ____; and ____.”
超级健身房未经装配，分别打包在三个箱中：第一箱重XX kg，规格为XX cm乘XXｃｍ；第二箱重XX kg，规格为XX cm乘XXｃｍ；第三箱重XX kg，规格为XX cm乘XXｃｍ。
安装超级健身房需要以下工具：XX，……，XX。
安装指南：……
Question 7:In the first meeting Toth asked about SUVs but there was no further mention of them. How would you follow up on his query?
Anyone in the group could answer that sport utility vehicles have more carrying capacity than autos and many also have trailer-hitches. SUVs are sufficiently popular—particularly in the United States—that almost every buyer of the Super Gym equipment would either have a SUV, or be able to borrow one.
SUV在美国很流行，它是指sport utility vehicles，即运动型多功能车，相较于一般的汽车，它们具有更好的承载能力，而且很多还拥有拖车挂接装备。在美国它很流行，如果客户拥有这样车辆，那么他们可能就可以自己将健身房运回到家中，但是这是由客户自己选择的不是吗？我们的采用的策略正是对没有SUV 的顾客的补充。
Chapter 2
问答题
无
案例分析题
Case2-1
Question 1: From the standpoint of an individual concerned with accounting controls, discuss and evaluate Johnson Toy Company’s present policies for handling returned items.
The controls are poor from the standpoint of accuracy of financial records, because they provide poor information to management.
Question 2: Answer question 1, but from the standpoint of an individual interested in marketing.
Marketing people tend to favor less stringent controls in the sense that they provide more flexibility when bargaining with retailers.
Question 3: Propose a policy for handling returns that should be adopted by the Johnson Toy Company. Be certain to list circumstances under which exceptions would be allowed. Should it apply to the Jungle Jim dolls?
One student’s answer is reproduced here.
I.HIGH VOLUME CUSTOMERS (defined as purchasing $75,000 of
merchandise from Johnson’s per year)
A.Functionally damaged goods may be returned to Johnson’s plant
at Johnson’s expense with a full refund.
B.High volume customers will receive a straight 2% deduction off of
the wholesale selling price to cover defectives—whether
defectives are classified as cosmetically damaged or slow moving
items, except when unable to sell due to special circumstances
(see Section III).
II.LOW VOLUME CUSTOMERS
A.Functionally damaged goods may be returned to Johnson’s plant
via Johnson’s salesperson with a full refund.
B.Low volume customers will NOT receive an automatic deduction
for defectives. Instead, the damage or defect must be defined:
1.Cosmetically damaged goods (classified as functionable
and sellable): a 25% discount granted upon inspection by
Johnson’s salesperson.
2.Slow moving items: NO RETURNS
3.Non-moving items (for reasons other than physical
damage): see special circumstances, Section III) III.SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES When product is not resellable for reasons other than being functionally damaged or just a slow mover in the off
season, such as when the product receives bad press (as in the case of
Jungle Jim and Jogger Dolls), Johnson will allow return of all such
non-resellable items under the following conditions:
A.Retailer must pay for the returned merchandise to reach Johnson’s
plant.
B.Retailer’s account will be credited for the full amount of said
purchase.
C.Credit is to be used within 30 days of receipt of returned goods at
Johnson’s plant; credit will be void after 30 days.
No mention was made as to whether it should apply to the Jungle Jim dolls. The firm might try to enforce it but customers might complain that it should not be applied retroactively.
Question 4: Should this policy, if adopted, be printed and distributed to all of the retailers who handle Johnson Toy Company products? Why or why not? If it should not be distributed to them, who should receive copies?
Yes, retailers should know exactly what the returns policy will be. One element of a customer service policy is to let customers know in advance what the policy is.
Question 5:Assume that it is decided to prepare a statement on returns to be distributed to all retailers and that it should be less than a single double-spaced page. Prepare such a statement.
The answer provided for question 3 would suffice here as well.
Question 6: On the basis of the policy in your answer to question 3, develop instructions for the Johnson Toy Company distribution and accounting departments with respect to their roles and procedures in the handling of returns.
One could take the information as developed in answers 3 and 5, and draft a memo to be sent to both the distribution and accounting departments, telling them of the new policies, and their roles in carrying them out. The accounting department should be told to develop additional procedures that will protect
against fraud. In addition, other departments in the firm should receive some information concerning the returns, because they may contain information that should interest marketing, quality control and production scheduling.
Question 7: Assume that you are Cheryl Guridi, the firm’s logistics manager. Do you think that the returns policy favored by the logistics manager would differ from what would be best for the firm? Why or why not?
Yes, the returns policy favored by the logistics manager will favor a tight return policy so that her department does not have to be responsible for keeping track of returned inventories, and for shipping damaged goods. The firm would probably prefer a looser return policy so that it could be used as a bargaining tool to increase sales.
Question 8:Until the policy you recommend in your answer to question 3 takes effect, how would you handle the immediate problem of retailers wanting to return unsold Jungle Jim the Jogger dolls?
There are several approaches to this question. Some students have provided very specific policies. Others have said that because the policy was not in effect when the Jungle Jim dolls went out, it should not apply to their situation. This latter group favored a policy of “almost anything” that would keep retailers happy. They argued—with support from the case material—that there were a number of valued long-term relationships with retailers that should not be harmed.
Chapter 3
问答题
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7a8321193.html, the six general types of information systems, and give one logistics application for each one that you’ve named.
One type is office automation systems, and a logistics application could be spreadsheets that calculate optimal order quantities. A second is communication systems; one logistics example is voice-based order picking.
Transaction processing systems are a third general type, with point-of-sale systems being a logistics application. Management and executive information systems are a fourth general type of information systems; a logistics application involves logistics information systems.A fifth general type of information system is decision support systems,with warehouse management systems being a logistics-related application. The sixth, and final, general type of information system is the enterprise system, represented by logistics modules of enterprise resource planning systems.
8.Discuss the relationship between automatic identification technologies and point-of-sale systems.
The idea behind point-of-sales (POS) systems is to provide data and enhance managerial decision making, and automatic identification technologies can be very helpful in so doing. At the present time, POS systems involve scanning universal product codes (UPC), and these data are recorded into a database that supplies information such as the product’s price, applicable taxes, and so on. The specific price for each product, as well as a description, is flashed on a monitor screen near the check-out counter. When all products have been scanned, the customer receives verification that lists the products purchased, their respective prices, and the total bill.
14.Discuss advantages and disadvantages of enterprise resource planning systems.
ERP systems are attractive because they offer the potential for lower costs and both increased productivity and customer satisfaction. In theory, ERP systems provide an opportunity for all functional areas within a firm to access and analyze a common database. This should allow for enterprise-wide coordination of relevant business processes. One of the most frequently mentioned shortcomings involves the costs of installation, and companies often fail to consider relevant costs such as upgraded hardware and employee training. Moreover, ERP implementation can be quite time consuming; actual implementation times may be 2 to 4 times longer than vendor estimates.
Unfortunately, glitches in ERP installations often result in severe logistical problems.
19.How is e-fulfillment similar to, and different from, traditional fulfillment?
One similarity is that many logistics functions/activities, such as transportation, order management, warehousing, occur in both types of fulfillment. Likewise, both might use bar codes and warehouse management systems. At the same time, there are important differences between the two types of fulfillment. E-fulfillment orders tend to be more plentiful and in much smaller quantities—which requires an order management system with different attributes than in traditional fulfillment. The smaller orders, in turn, require different order picking and packaging capabilities, as well as favoring transportation companies with extensive delivery networks and small package capabilities. Finally, e-fulfillment is characterized by a much higher rate of returned product, thus necessitating a stronger reverse logistics system.
案例题
Case3-2
Question 1: What is the total annual cost of maintaining the components inventory under the present system?
Current system
Current system (continued)
Total inventory maintenance cost per year = $1,151,522
Using JIT
Total inventory maintenance cost per year = $1,292,824
The table in this case is a 10% sample of the firm’s inventory, and reflects the inputs needed for one week’s activities. We must calculate the average stock on hand for each item (safety stock + ? order lot size), and must calculate the cost per item (unit cost plus freight). For the first item—gas ranges—a safety stock of 40 units is maintained, and ? the order lot size is 100 units, for a total inventory in stock of 140 units. Unit cost ($100) plus freight ($20) equals $120.
Multiplying average inventory (140) times $120 equals $16,800. Doing all the items on table gives a total of $96,175. Because this is a 10% sample, the total parts inventory would be worth $961,750. Inventory carrying costs on this, at 20% per year, would be $192,350.
Question 2:What would be the total annual cost of maintaining the components inventory under the JIT system (assuming no safety stocks)?
One would look at the average number used per week, but apply the new, usually higher unit costs and freight charges. For one week’s activity shown on the table, the new cost would be $24,862 per week (compared with about $21,818 under the existing system). Hence the cost of the JIT system is higher. Question 3: Should Ballenger take into account any other costs or benefits from the JIT system? If so, what are they?
Under a JIT system, Ballenger should exhibit less concern with various problems associated with maintaining a large inventory such as shrinkage and obsolescence.
Question 4:If the JIT system is adopted, are there safety stocks of any item that should be maintained? If so, which ones, and how much?
Unfortunately, the case doesn’t provide sufficient information to answer this question. Parts that are crucial to the process would need to be indicated by management, or perhaps work-flow process charts.
Question 5:If the JIT system is adopted, what changes, if any, should occur in the relationships between Ballenger’s firm and his suppliers of components? Discuss.
He would need better discipline in terms of prompt delivery and freedom from defects.
Question 6:Assume that Ballenger has switched to the JIT system and that he receives a surprise phone call from a competitor who is going out of business. The competitor wants to sell Ballenger 7,000 dome lights of the type listed on Exhibit 3-C. Should Ballenger buy them? If so, at what price?
Probably not, because this would undermine the discipline envisioned by the JIT system. On the other hand, if the purchase price was very low, and there were no unique storage requirements, Ballenger might buy them.
Question 7: Carrying costs are 20%. Is there a level of carrying costs at which both Ballenger’s present system and a JIT system have similar costs? If so, what is it?
Using a basic spreadsheet package, we found that at the astronomical rate of 167%, the two systems were equal.
Chater 4
问答题
3.Define in general terms customer service goals and customer service objectives. Give a specific example of each.
Goals tend to be the broader, generalized statements regarding the overall results that the firm is trying to achieve in the area of customer service standards. Objectives, on the other hand, are the means by which the goals are achieved. They start from a base point and the idea is to improve the specific requirements over a given time period. A customer service goal might be to provide a level of customer service that is consistently better than
major competitors; an objective might be to reduce the order cycle, on average, from five days to four days.
7. Discuss fully the basic parts that combine to form the order cycle.
The order cycle is composed of four distinct parts (components). The first is order transmittal, and it is the time from when the order is placed until the vendor receives the order. The second component is order processing, and it is the time from when the order is received by the vendor until when the applicable warehouse is notified to assemble the order for shipment.
The third component, order picking and assembly, refers to the time to pick and assemble the order and to notify the relevant transportation carrier(s).
Finally, order delivery refers to the transportation carrier(s) collecting the product at the applicable warehouse and then transporting the product to the customer.
11.The text indicates that the role of the logistics staff is to act as an adviser to the marketing department regarding customer service standards. Explain the rationale for this statement.
The logistics group is an advisor to the marketing department because the latter organization is ultimately responsible for establishing the firm’s customer service standards. In some cases, the marketing department will set customer service goals and objectives at unreasonably high levels that ignore the costs incurred to achieve them. As such, the logistics staff can provide an important role by informing the marketing group of the costs involved in providing various levels of customer service.
14.A potential weakness in the measurement of customer service standards is that the wrong elements may be measured. Discuss why this could happen.
As pointed out in question 13, some firms choose those aspects of customer service that are easiest to measure, rather than those that may be the most important from the customer’s point of view. For example, instead of measuring the total order cycle, some firms may only measure those phases for which data is easily and readily available. However, this tells us nothing about the performance of other phases of the order cycle—which are more difficult to measure and are perhaps more susceptible to problems.
案例分析题
Case4-2
Question 1: Is this a customer service problem? Why or why not?
Customer service is sometimes defined as keeping existing customers happy and we have little evidence that there is a customer service problem. We don’t know of customers who are inconvenienced by this system, nor do we know of lost sales. However, some customers are probably confused by the system.
Question 2: Marketing channels are the arrangement of intermediaries (wholesalers, retailers, and the like) that the firm uses to achieve its marketing objectives. Is the problem discussed in Handy Andy’s marketing channels? Why or why not?
This is a marketing channels problem because the arrangements between the home office, the factory distributors, the regular dealers and customers are not what was planned. The existing systems may be working better, but that is not the question.
Question 3:Logistics channels handle the physical flow of goods or service. Is the problem discussed in Handy Andy’s logistics channel? Why or why not?
There is probably not much of a problem in the physical flow of goods because the factory distributors were expected to be the main source of compactors, delivered and installed.
Question 4: It appears that the factory distributors are exploiting the smaller dealers. Yet from what we can tell, Handy Andy in St. Louis has heard no complaints from the smaller dealers. Why wouldn’t they complain?
They may be afraid, or they may be receiving “kick-backs” from the factory distributor. Chances are that if the smaller dealers were losing money, then they would likely complain to Handy Andy.
Question 5: What should Handy Andy’s marketing vice president do? Why?
Probably study the situation further, because there is little or no information so far that the existing arrangements, confusing as they may seem, are cutting into Handy Andy’s sales. The problem may be more complicated than the text indicates because the dealers and factory distributors also probably market other lines of appliances produced by other manufacturers. So the focus may be on the marketing arrangements for all types of appliances, not just Handy Andy compactors.
Question 6:Redesign the warranty postcard, staying within the same dimensions, and include questions or statements that will make it easier for Handy Andy headquarters to detect whether installation practices of the type discussed in this case occur.
In the past, some students have designed cards similar to the one presented in the book, with a question or two added asking whether the model installed was the one originally ordered. To understand exactly what was happening, a number of specific questions had to be crafted. Other students believed, however, that such questions would undermine customer confidence in Handy Andy and its distributors.
Question 7: In the case is the statement “The factory distributors in these few cities indicated that they, not Handy Andy, Inc., stood behind the 1-year warranty.” Is this a problem for Handy Andy? Why or why not?
This is a difficult question to answer because we are not certain whether the buyer perceives that both the factory distributor and Handy Andy are standing behind the product (i.e., doubling their protection) or that the factory distributor is filling a void created by Handy Andy’s unwillingness or inability.
Question 8:Assume that the situation described in question 7 is a problem. How should the firm deal with it?
One suggestion is to change the wording in the warranty, giving more emphasis to Handy Andy’s role. A statement could also be added to the return post card.
Chapter 5
问答题
1.What is the difference between the selling and protective functions of packaging?
How are the two functions related? Explain.
Packaging for consumer products often has a dual nature. The selling
function has strong marketing overtones, because the product may be
actually displayed in the box or carton in which it is shipped. Therefore, the
graphics on the box or carton are in the domain of the marketing department.
The protective function exists for all products, both consumer and industrial.
The functions are related to the extent that a sturdy package makes it look as
though the manufacturer takes care.
7.What are some advantages and disadvantages of plastic pallets?
Plastic pallets, which can be made from recycled plastic containers, have no
nails that might protrude to injure handlers, damage cargo, or scratch floors
in retail stores. A problem is getting a sturdy plastic pallet that will weigh less
than 50 pounds (reflecting a goal to have everything that is manually handled under 50 pounds in weight).
13.What is the building-blocks concept? How is it applied to the handling of packaged goods?
The building-block concept is a key factor in unit loads. Building blocks have certain dimensions that allow them to stack or load on a pallet or similar piece of equipment. The building-blocks hierarchy is important to remember because each of the different building blocks is inside another and their total effect must be to protect the product. They function in a complementary sense.
案例分析题
Case5-1
Question 1: How many style A shades can be loaded into an intermodal container?
The intermodal container holds 2,720 cubic feet, however, the top six inches is of no use. It will hold 2,560 style A shades.
Question 2: How many style B shades can be loaded into an intermodal container?
Style B shades could be stacked two packages high with the square foot on the bottom. Each column would hold 12 shades. There would be 8 x 40, or 320 columns of 12, yielding 3,840 lamp shades, and would weigh under 40,000 pounds.
Question 3: How many style C shades can be loaded into an intermodal container?
Style C shades could be stacked the same way as style B and a container would hold 320 columns of 20, yielding 6,400 lamp shades. However, this would exceed the 44,000 pound weight limit. Each shade weighs 10.1 pounds;
dividing that into 44,000 pounds yields approximately 4,350 lamp shades. Question 4: What are the total costs of delivering the style A shades to the port of importation?
Question 5: What are the total costs of delivering the style B shades to the port of importation?
Question 6: What are the total costs of delivering the style C shades to the port of importation?
Question 7: Which style would you recommend? Why?
From the relevant data, style A is least expensive.
Chapter 6
问答题
1.What are terminals? What functions do they serve?
Terminals can have two meanings: terminals can be a transfer point, or they can be the end of a move. Often, inventories are kept at terminals to provide
a cushion to accommodate the different patterns of inbound and outbound
flow.
5.What is LTL traffic? How is it handled by the LTL carriers?
LTL (less-than-truckload) traffic ranges from 150 pounds up to about 10,000
pounds. They may be too big to be handled manually, and they may not fill a
truck. Trucks that carry LTL freight have space for, and plan to carry,
shipments of other customers at the same time.
LTL carriers have small trucks that go out to customers, picking up and
delivering shipments. These pickups are then taken back to a terminal where they are loaded aboard line-haul trucks that are sent to other terminals. Once reaching the other terminals, the goods are unloaded from the line-haul
vehicles and loaded aboard a small truck for local delivery.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7a8321193.html,pare the five modes of transport—air, motor, pipeline, rail, and water—by at least three different criteria that you think are important.
Criteria that could be used to compare the modes include relative costs per ton-mile, speed of transit time, on-time delivery, weather dependability, among others. In terms of cost per ton-mile, pipeline and water are the cheapest, while air is the most expensive. Conversely, air is the fastest, particularly for long hauls, while pipeline and water are slowest.
案例分析题
无
Chapter 7
问答题
无
案例分析题
Case7-2
Question 1: Assume that you are Weiss. How many viable alternatives do you have to consider regarding the initial shipment of 25 buses?
The answer to this question can vary depending on how students define “viable alternatives.” If we take a broad perspective and just focus on the primary cities, Bremerhaven doesn’t appear to be an option because there is no scheduled liner service in the desired time frame. That leaves us with Prague to Santos through Hamburg and Prague to Santos through Rotterdam.
Several of the vessel departure dates for both alternatives aren’t feasible. For example, the 18 day transit time from Hamburg eliminates both the October 31st and November 3rd departures; likewise, the 17 day transit time from Rotterdam eliminates the November 2nd departure. And, although the October 27th departure from Hamburg or the October 28th departure from Rotterdam should get the buses to Santos by November 15th, neither departure leaves much room for potential transit delays (e.g., a late season hurricane). As such, it appears that Weiss has but two viable alternatives, the
October 24th departure from Hamburg and the October 23rd departure from Rotterdam.
Question 2:Which of the routing alternatives would you recommend to meet the initial 90-day deadline for the 25-bus shipment? Train or waterway? To which port(s)? What would it cost?
If one assumes that rail transport is used from Prague to either Hamburg or Rotterdam, then the total transportation costs of the two alternatives are virtually identical. Although rail costs to Rotterdam are € 300 higher than to Hamburg, the shipping costs from Rotterdam are € 300 lower than from Hamburg (based on € 6000 times .95). Because the total transportation costs are essentially the same, the decision likely needs to be based on service considerations. The initial shipment is extremely important; it might be suggested that Prague to Hamburg by rail and Hamburg to Santos by ocean vessel is the preferred alternative. Our rationale is that the provided transit times with Hamburg are definitive, that is, 3 days by rail and 18 days by water.
With Rotterdam, by contrast, the rail transit time is either 4 or5 days, although water transportation is 17 days.
Question 3: What additional information would be helpful for answering question 2?
There is a variety of other information that would be helpful for answering question 2. For example, the case offers no insight about port congestion issues and how this congestion might impact the timeliness of shipment loadings. There also is no information about port performance in terms of loss and damage metrics. In addition, although the case indicates that rail transit time from Prague is either 4 or 5 days, it might be helpful to know what percentage of shipments is completed in 4 days. Students are likely to come up with more suggestions.
Question 4: How important, in fact, are the transport costs for the initial shipment of 25 buses?
Clearly, with ocean shipping costs of either € 5700 or € 6000 per bus, transportation costs cannot be ignored. Having said this, the initial shipment holds the key to the remainder of the order (another 199 buses) and appears to be instrumental in securing another order for 568 buses (for a total of 767 more buses). As such, N.A.M might be somewhat flexible with respect to transportation costs for the initial shipment. Suppose, for example, that N.A.M. can earn a profit of € 5000 per bus (such profit on a € 120000 bus is by no means exorbitant). A profit of € 5000 times 767 buses yields a total profit of € 3,835,000. Because of such a large upside with respect to additional orders, N.A.M. might focus on achieving the specified metrics for
the initial shipment without being overly concerned with transportation costs.
Question 5:What kinds of “customer service” support must be provided for this initial shipment of 25 buses? Who is responsible?
Although a number of different constituencies are involved in the initial shipment (e.g., railroads, dock workers, ocean carrier, etc.), the particular customers—the public transit authorities—are buying product from N.A.M.
Because of this, N.A.M. should be the responsible party with respect to customer service support. There are myriad kinds of customer service support that might be provided. Real-time shipment tracking should be an option so that the customers can know, at any time, the location of the shipment. N.A.M. might also provide regular updates of shipment progress;
perhaps N.A.M. could email or fax “important” progress points (e.g., the shipment has left Prague; the shipment has arrived in Hamburg, etc.) to the customers. Because successful performance on the initial shipment is crucial to securing future business, N.A.M. might have one of their managers actually accompany the shipment.
Question 6: The Brazilian buyer wants the buses “delivered” at Santos. Weiss looks up the International Chamber of Commerce’s year 2000 Incoterms and finds two categories of “delivered” at a receiving port. They are:
DES (Delivered Ex Ship). In this type of transaction, the seller must pay all the costs and bear all the risk of transport up to the foreign port of unloading, but not including the cost or risk of unloading the cargo from the ship.
DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay). This is the same as DES except that the terms provide for the seller to pay the costs of unloading the cargo from the vessel and the cost of import clearance.
法理 ●法的概念：特定物质生活条件决定的统治阶级意志的体现，由国家制定认可，由国家强制力保证实施的行为规范的综合 ●法的特征:1、调整人的行为或社会关系2、国家制定或认可、并具有普遍约束力3、以国家强制力保护实施4、规定权利和义务 ●法的本质：统治阶级意志的表现 ●法的规范作用：指引、评价、预测、教育和强制 法的作用 ●法的社会作用：维护统治阶级的阶级统治；执行社会公共事务。 ●法与经济基础的关系：经济基础决定法，法又反作用于经济基础。 ●法与生产力的关系：生产力发展的水平直接影响法的发展水平。法律离开社会生产力的发展，既无存在的可能，也无存在的必要。 ●法对市场经济宏观调控的作用：引导；促进；保障；制约。 ●法对微观经济的作用：确认经济活动主体的法律地位，调节经济活动中的各种关系，解决经济活动中哦的各种纠纷，维持正常的经济秩序 ●法与政治的关系：法受政治制约（政治关系发展、整体改革、政治活动的内容），法服务于政治（调节阶级间、阶级内关系，维护社会关系、社会秩序；打击制裁违法犯罪，调整公共事务关系，维护公共秩序） ●法与党的政策的关系： 相同点（内容实质方面联系）：阶级本质、指导思想、基本原则、经济基础、社会目标等 区别：意志属性、规范形式、调整范围（不尽同）、实施方式、稳定性程序化程度 ●法与党的政策相互作用： 一、法的制定：1、政策是立法的依据和指导思想 2、发将政策转为形式合理效力普遍的行为规范 二．发的实施：1、政策变法，使正统，又反之约束政治活动 2、法的实施借助政策作用 ●社会主义民主与法制是相互依存、相互作用、紧密联系、不可分割的。 ●民主是法制的前提和基础，因为：民主是法制产生的依据、力量源泉，决定了法制的性质和内容 ●法的渊源的专有含义：法律规范的形式上的来源和其外在表现形式 ●法律效力等级为：宪法－法律－行政法规－地方性法规－规章（部门和地方政府）。 ●宪法：根本大法，最高法律效力 ●法律：由全国人大或其常务委员会制定、颁布；全国范围内生效；规范性法律文件 ●行政法规：国务院为领导和管理国家各项行政事务根据为宪法、法律 国务院发布的决定、命令，凡具有规范性的也属于发的渊源 ●地方性法规：地方人大及常委会制定（省、自治区、直辖市、省政府所在市、国批的较大市），适用本地方。 ●规章：1、部门规章：指由国务院各部委+中银+审计署+具有行政管理职能的直属机构；依据为：宪法、法律、国务院的行政法规、决定、命令 2、地方规章：政府制定（省、自治区、直辖市、省自治区政府所在市、经济特区所在市、国的较大市）依据：宪法、法律、行政法规 ●自治条例和单行条例：民族自治地方人大制定，区域内生效 ●特别行政区法：在特别行政区内实行的制度由全国人大以法律规定。 ●国际条约：与民法规定不同的，适用国际条约，但声明保留的条款除外。 ●规定是规范性文件，不属于法律范畴，效力低于法律。 ●广义的法律包括法律、行政法规、地方性法规和规章。 ●法律关系三要素（法律规范在调整人们行为过程中形成的权利义务关系）：主体（法律关系的参加者）、客体（权利义务指向的对象：物、精神产品、人身、行为）、内容（权利义务） ●权利能力：能够才加一定的法律关系，依法享有权利承担义务的主体能力； 行为能力：法律关系的主体能够通过自己的行为实际取得权利和承担义务的能力 行为能力必须以权利能力为前提，无权利能力就无法谈行为能力。 ●法人的权利能力：生于成立，终于解体 公民的权利能力：始于出生，终于死亡 ●自然人有权利能力，未必有行为能力，根据年龄和精神状况，分为：完全、限制、无行为能力人
题单 一、名词、理论阐述 1、物流：物品从供应地到接收地的实体流动过程。根据实际需要将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、 配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。 2、逆向物流：与传统供应链反向，为价值恢复或处置合理而对原材料、中间库存、最终产品及相关信息从消费地 到起始点的有效实际流动所进行的计划、管理和控制过程。 3、商物分离：流通中的两个组成部分——商业流通和实物流通从过去的统一概念和统一运动中分离出来，各自按 照自己的规律和渠道独立运动的现实。 4、黑大陆学说：主要是指尚未认识、尚未了解、尚未开发的领域。 5、物流冰山学说：现行的财务会计和会计核算方法都不可能掌握物流费用的实际情况，因而人们对物流费用的了 解是一片空白，甚至有很大的虚假性。 6、物流系统：由物流各要素组成的，要素之间存在着有机联系并具有使物流总体功能合理化的综合体。 7、物流园区：为了实现物流设施集约化和物流运作共同化，或者出于城市物流设施空间布局合理化的目的而在城 市周边等各区域，集中建设的物流设施群与众多物流业者在地域上的物理集结地。 8、复合功能点：具有各项物流的综合功能或者包含若干不同类型结点功能的结点，交通枢纽加上物流园区是这种 结点类型的代表。 9、物流标准化：以物流为一个大系统，制定系统内部设施、机械装备，包括专用工具等的技术标准，包装、仓储、 装卸、运输等各类作业标准，以及作为现代物流突出特征的物流信息标准，并形成全国以及和国际接轨的标准化体系。 10、物流外包：制造企业或销售等企业为集中资源、节省管理费用，增强核心竞争能力，将其物流业务以合同 的方式委托给专业的物流公司(第三方物流，3PL)运作。 二、问答题 1、物流的功能要素 运输、储存、装卸搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理 2、物流系统要素集成结果 （1）要素一体化。 将物流系统需要的要素纳入一个资本所有和控制之下，由该资本对该物流系统进行规划、设计，并且由该资本对这些要素进行经营和管理汇通社区 （2）建立战略联盟。 即建立供应链的方式。物流系统中专用性资产可以通过互相投资、参股、签订长期的战略联盟协议等方式建立供应链从而实现集成。 （3）资源共享。
PART III EXAMINATION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 2: THE SUPPLY-CHAIN CONCEPT Multiple Choice Questions 1.According to Professor Mentzer and colleagues, the supply-chain concept originated in what discipline? a.marketing b.operations c.logistics d.production (c; p. 36) 2. A ____________ encompasses all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw material stage, through to the end user, as well as the associated information flows. a.production line b.supply chain c.marketing channel d.warehouse (b; p. 36) 3.Which of the following is not one of the processes in the SCOR model? a.sell b.plan c.make d.return (a; p. 38) 4.The current SCOR model identifies ____________ key processes associated with supply-chain management. a.three b.four c.five d.six (c; p. 38)
《现代物流管理》教学大纲 课程编号：（统一编号） 课程名称：现代物流管理 英文名称：Modern Logistics Management 学时：72 适用专业：物流管理，电子商务等 课程性质：必修课 关联课程：管理学，运筹学，物流管理，供应链管理，战略管理。 第一部分：大纲说明 一、编制《现代物流管理》大纲的依据 （1）贵州大学管理学院2006物流管理教学计划 （2）小保罗.R.墨菲《当代物流学－双语版》（第8版）中国人民大学出版社 （3）David J.Bloomberg, Stephen Lemay, Joe B.Hanna: 《Logistics》（影印版）清华大学出版社，2004年10月 （4）（美）布隆伯格，勒梅，汉纳著《物流学——清华管理学系列英文版教材》清华大学出版社，2004年10月 （5）王槐林，《现代物流管理》，武汉大学出版社，2001年 （6）霍红，《物流管理学》，中国物资出版社，2004年1月 二、《现代物流管理》课程的基本任务 本课程的主要任务是使学生掌握物流管理学中的一些基本概念、基本理论和
基本方法，并且能运用所学的知识和理论分析、解决当前物流管理中存在的一些实际问题。本课程通过案例分析和课堂讨论培养学生综合分析和解决问题的能力。 三、《现代物流管理》课程的教学对象 四年制物流管理及电子商务专业三年级本科学生 四、教学要求 通过本课程的学习，学生应掌握物流管理学的基本理论与分析方法。具体掌握运输管理、装卸搬运、现代包装、仓储管理、物流配送管理与作业、采购管理、物流信息系统管理、供应链管理等内。 本课程要求学生主要学习物流管理的基础理论和基本知识，获得物流管理方法和技巧方面的基本训练，具有分析与解决物流管理实际问题的能力： 1. 掌握当代物流管理的基础知识、基本概念和应用； 2. 掌握物流管理的定性、定量分析方法； 3. 掌握信息管理技术的基本理论和基本知识； 4. 具有较强的语言与文字表达、人际沟通以及组织管理的基本能力； 5. 熟悉我国有关物流管理的方针、政策及法规以及了解国际贸易的惯例和规则； 6. 了解本学科的理论前沿及发展动态； 五、教学环节
公共基础知识考试技巧 公共基础知识考试技巧 针对公共基础知识的考试规律，在这里为广大考生提供几点技巧性的答题方法，希望能够给大家带来实质性的帮助。 一、公共基础知识考试技巧——矛盾选项法 当选择题的选项中，尤其是单项选择之中，往往会出现两个选项完全矛盾的时候，基本上可以 判别答案就在矛盾的两个选项之中，所以考生在做题过程中，一定要注意浏览完全部选项时再做解答，一来可以发现试题中是否有矛盾项，二来，可以防止因为误读选项而造成的不必要错误，最关键的是可以提高做题的效率与准确性。 【例题】 7岁的小朋友小明趁其母亲不在家时，将妈妈的价值数万元黄金首饰与邻居家孩子手中的价值10元的玩具进行交换，以下说法正确的是( )。 a.小明的妈妈可以要求邻居返回钻戒 b.小明妈妈不能要求邻居返回钻戒 c.小明与邻居的交换行为属于效力待定的情况 d.小明的母亲没有尽到看管孩子的义务，所以应当自行承担损失 【解析】对于这道题，我们看到选项a与选项b是完全矛盾
的两个选项，基本可以断定答案就在a与b中，之后可以根据题干再进行分析，这里考查的主要是民法中的主体，小明作为一个7岁的儿童，属于完全无民事行为能力人，他所做的民事行为应被断定为无效的，故小明的妈妈可以要求邻居返回钻戒，小明与邻居的交换行为必定是无效，那么这里问错误的，就是选项b。 二、公共基础知识考试技巧——比较选项法 在解答单项选择题时，除了上面谈到的矛盾选项法，考生还可以将各个选项同题目要求进行纵向比较，并根据各自同题意要求差异的大小来确定最符合题意要求的答案，凡是差异性较大的选项，皆有可能出现一定的错误。 【例题】在行政诉讼中，对下列行为不服提起诉讼，人民法院可以不受理的案件是( )。 a.事业单位内部，某工作人员对其撤职处分不服 b.某企业对行政机关的给予的行政处罚不服 c.某公民对民政机关撤销其低保不服 d.某公民对行政机关拒绝为其颁发营业执照不服 【解析】对于本题，有很多考生要分析很久最终也没有找到正确的选项，考生可以通过认真再次审题来锁定答案，本题题干是指在行政诉讼中，这就意味着，行政诉讼中的原告只能是行政相对人，不能是已经在国家机关系统内部工作的公职人员，也即公职人员身份不能提起行政诉讼，他们如有对自己所受的决定不服，提出的解决途径我们称之为行政申诉，因此，本题a选项中的机关干部对撤职处分不服，因为机关干部是公职人员身份，不能经过行政诉讼这个途径给以解决，故答案选择a。
《统代经济》２００７年第６卷第９期（总第６３期） 湖南省现代物流业发展的现状及对策研究 １２３ 赵少平１，王咏梅２ （１．湖南省衡阳市湖南工学院南校区经济与管理系，湖南衡阳４２１００８；２．中南大学，湖南长沙４１００００）摘要：随着世界经济的快速发展和现代科学技术的进步，物流产业作为国民经济中一个新兴的服务部门，正在全球范围内迅速发展。在国际上，物流产业被认为是国民经济发展的动脉和基础产业，其发展程度成为衡量一国现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志之一。湖南物流业正在茁壮成长，而且在一些领域表现出较快的发展势头和潜力。本文就湖南省物流业发展现状和问题进行分析，并提出相应的发展对策和建议。 关键词：现代物流；现状；对策 现代物流是社会化大生产的一种新的组织形式和管理技术，是经济、社会和技术发展到一定阶段的必然产物。其核心是突出系统整合的理念，对分散的运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能运用信息技术和供应链管理技术进行资源整合和一体化运作，以达到降低成本、提高效率、优化服务的目的。物流被视为“第三利润源泉”，越来越倍受世界各国、各级政府组织重视，物流业发展水平已成为反映一个国家或地区综合经济实力的重要标志。近年来，湖南省物流业稳步发展，呈现较好发展势头，但发展中尚存在许多的问题。本文就湖南省现代物流业发展的现状和问题进行分析，并提出相应的发展对策和建议。 一、湖南省物流业发展的现状 １、社会物流总费用较快增长，占ＧＤＰ比率有所下降。据湖南省经委抽样调查和初步测算，２００５年，全省社会物流总费用为１２２３．５１亿元，按现价计算，同比增长１３．５５％。其中，运输费用、保管费用、管理费用分别为８２４．６５亿元、２２５．１３亿元、１７３．７３亿元，各占６７．４％、１８．４％、１４．２％。２００５年物流总费用占全省ＧＤＰ的比率为１８．９％，比上年下降０．３个百分点。长株潭地区２００５年物流总费用占ＧＤＰ的比率为１８．２％，低于全省平均水平，其主要原因是长株潭地区第三产业所占比重较大。以上情况表明，在湖南省调整经济结构，转变经济增长方式过程中，物流需求将会保持与ＧＤＰ同步快速增长的趋势，而现代物流业的发展，将使社会物流总费用占ＧＤＰ的比率进一步下降。 ２、全省货物运输量增长明显，物流需求快速上升。２００５年，全省各种运输方式完成的货运发送量达到７．８５亿吨，比上年增长１０．７％。其中：铁路５２１７．７万吨，公路６７０３９万吨，水运４９５４万吨。民航３．３万吨，管道６０３．９万吨；货物周转量１６６１．５亿吨公里，比上年增长５．６％；港口完成货物吞吐量５２３６万吨，比上年增长８．４％。集装箱吞吐量１５．４万标箱，比上年增长２９．３％。 ３、全省交通基础设施不断完善，现代物流业发展环境趋好。近年来，湖南省大力加强交通基础设施建设，已初步形成较为完备的综合交通网络，运输线路和作业设施有了较大的改善。至２００５年底，全省铁路通车里程近３０００公里，公路通车总里程达到８８７００公里，水运建成千吨级泊位４３个，千吨级航道达到６０７公里，机场数量增加到５个，管道总长度超过３００公里。此外，在共用通信网的规模、技术、服务水平等方面都有长足进展，互联网在物流业的应用逐步普及，物流信息化步伐明显加快。 ４、专业化物流企业快速成长，现代物流业发展的主体进一步壮大。一是传统运输、仓储企业加快改制或改造步伐，积极向第三方物流企业转化。如长沙联运物流、长沙商业储运物流、湖南中邮物流、株洲长株潭国际物流、株洲国储物流中心等，２００５年营业收入均超过５０００万元；二是民营物流企业得到较快发展。如金荣集团、一力物流、京阳物流、实泰物流等民营物流企业２００５年营业收入均过亿元。湖南省有４家企业进入２００５年全国物流企业１００强；三是一批省外知名物流企业进入湖南省物流市场。如招商物流、大田国际货运、宅急送、广州南方物流等物流企业纷纷进入湖南省，投资发展现代物流；四是功茸磬先进、规模较大的现代化物流园区、物流中心、配送中心已经出现。其中长沙金霞、一力等物流园区已初具规模，岳阳城陵矶港、株洲石峰等物流园区也正加紧建设，为专业化物流企业的聚集和发展提供了良好平台。被誉为新型物流业态的全国首家工业品超市的湘潭万博港企业超市，日前已正式开业，全国医药行业规模最大、唯一设有医药保税仓的全洲医药食品物流中心近期也即将开业。目前我省物流业已逐步形成了不同所有制形式、不同经营模式和不同经营规模的专业物流企业共同发展的良好格局。２００５年，全省已注册物流企业２１８５家，完成营业收入７８亿元，分别比上年增长９．５％和１６％。 二、湖南省现代物流业发展存在的主要问题 湖南省物流产业经过几十年的发展，目前初具规模，但总体上看，物流产业还处于由传统物流向现代物流转型的初级阶段。发展的总体水平仍然偏低，存在的制约因素较多，存在的问题主要表现在以下几个方面： １、物流行业管理体制不健全，物流管理体制多元，缺乏对物流业的宏观管理、统筹协调。城市交通、铁路、民航、商贸、各级政府等各自承担一部分的物流管理职能，无法统一管理，地方、行业保护现象严重。同时，缺乏与物流发展相适应的法律法规，难以调动物流企业的积极性。全省物流工作组织协调机构不统一，物流资源比较分散。 ２、物流的供需双方难以实现相互促进的良性循环。一方面由于湖南省现代物流业刚刚起步，作为供方的第三方物流企业“小、散、差”问题突出，经营模式、服务质量和工作效率难以满足日益 作者简介：赵少乎（１９７３年一），湖南衡阳人，经济学硕士，湖ｆｋ－ｒ－学院经济与管理系经济与贸易教研室主任，研究方向：区域经济、国际贸易理论与实务。 万方数据
公民道德建设基础 Ch1.公民道德建设概述 §1-1公民道德的含义 2001.9.20，中共中央颁发《公民道德建设纲要》 →9.20，公民道德建设日 2006.3.8，胡，提出“八荣八耻”的社会主义荣辱观[为新时期公民道德建设指明了方向] 道德——人们共同生活及其行为的准则和规范，主要是人们判别善与恶、是与非的一种基本尺度，也是人们在行为中选择应当怎样做和不应当怎样做的基本标准。 公民道德——指一个国家所有公民都必须遵守和履行的道德规范的总和，包括到的核心、道德原则、道德的基本要求和一系列的道德规范。 公民基本道德规范——爱国守法，明礼诚信，团结友善，勤俭自强，敬业奉献。（爱明团勤敬，20字，十个道德规范）——我国公民应当遵守，全社会大力倡导。第一次系统的、集中地作为我国公民的基本道德规范被提出来。 守法：不仅仅是法律层面的要求，也是道德层面的要求。[对法律的自觉认同，积极自觉地学法、懂法和守法] 明礼：狭义上指讲究起码的礼节、礼仪和礼貌；广义上明礼就是讲文明，特别是注重公共场合中言谈举止的文明。 诚信：诚信道德规范既是市场经济领域中基础性的行为规范，也是个人与社会、个人与个人之间的相互关系的基础性道德规范。 公民这十个基本道德规范，在调整公民个人与社会、与国家、与他人的关系中，各有不尽相同的功能。 守法，是公民对国家的道德责任的底线。 文明礼貌，是公民在公共场合应当遵守的最基础的道德准则。 团结，公民与公民之间的道德关系，强调公民之间的亲和力。[貌似省事考过？] §1-2我国现阶段道德建设的成绩与问题 存在的问题 ①一些人唯利是图的思想恶性膨胀，以追逐个人的私利为唯一目的。 ②由于一些人受到腐朽思想的腐蚀，把市场经济等价交换的原则，渗透到政治生活中来，导致在一些党政干部中发生的以权谋私、贪污受贿、腐化堕落等腐败现象严重存在。 ③愚昧路后、封建迷信、歪理邪说危害严重，“黄、赌、毒”等社会丑恶现象沉渣泛起。 ④在一些领域中，出现了道德失范现象，是非、善恶、美丑、荣辱界限混淆。 §1-3加强公民道德建设的意义 公民道德建设的根本目的——要通过道德的说服力和感化作用，加强道德教育，培育一代又一代有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义公民。 加强道德教育，实施“以德治国”，是保证我国社会主义现代化顺利进行的治国方略的一个重要方面。 道德是上层建筑的一个重要方面。 道德的实施，不是依靠某种强制性手段，而是通过道德教育的手段，以其说服力和劝导力来影响和提高社会成员的道德觉悟，使人们自觉的遵守这些行为规范。道德诉诸人们的“良心”，也就是诉诸人们内心的“道德信念”。 把法制建设和道德建设紧密结合起来，把“依法治国”与“以德治国”紧密结合起来，这是我们党和人民治理国家的重要方略。 加强公民道德建设的现实意义 ①加强公民道德建设，首先要求党政干部以身作则实践履行公民道德，树立到的示范的作用。 ②社会阶层发生新变化，要使他们通过诚实劳动和合法经营为社义生产力和其他事业作出更大贡献，就必须…… ③加强青少年和儿童的公民道德教育，也是一个不容忽视的重要问题。 ④违法犯罪分子和受到刑事处分的人，在对他们进行必要地惩罚以外，更应该对他们实行革命的人道主义，进行思想上的公民教育和改造，要使他们从灵魂的深处认识到犯罪的“可耻”，培育他们的“羞耻之心”，使他们有正确的“荣辱观念”。 Ch2.公民道德建设的指导思想和方针原则 §2-1我国公民道德建设的指导思想 指导思想——《纲要》，当前和今后一个时期，我国公民道德建设的指导思想是：“以马列毛邓为指导，全面贯彻江三，坚持党的基本路线、基本纲领，重在建设，以人
公共基础知识考试题型 公共基础知识考试题型 (1)法律 ①考查的知识点：主要涉及法学基础理论、宪法、行政法、刑法、民法、经济法。具体来说，考查法的概念、作用、法律渊源，宪法的重要法条，行政行为的基本知识，行政复议的行政诉讼的开展，民法中的自然人、法人、合同等，刑法中几个涉及公务员犯罪的犯罪构成及刑罚等，经济法中的产品质量、损害赔偿责任等。 ②基本题型：该部分知识的命题形式有单选、多选、判断、案例分析，题型变化不大，主要考查考生对应该掌握的知识点的精准识记，以及对相关知识点的理解、把握和运用。 (2)政治 ①考查的知识点：哲学方面，主要涉及哲学的基本问题，唯物主义与唯心主义，辩证法与形而上学，感性认识与理性认识，主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，质与量辩证法。邓小平理论和“三个代表”：当代中国的马克思主义、社会主义的本质和根本任务、社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度和分配制度、社会主义市场经济、我国的对外开放和外交战略、社会主义民主政治和党的领导，“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观、和谐社会等。政治经济学：商品的价值量、价值形式与货币、价值规律、剩余价值、需求供
给与均衡收入再分配政策等。②基本题型：该部分内容的命题形式有单选、多选、判断、简答、论述、综合分析。既考核考生对相关知识点的识记，也考核考生对相关知识点的理解。 (3)行政管理 ①考查的知识点：政府职能、政府机构改革、国家公务员制度、管理学的基本原理、公共行政、行政管理过程、行政领导等。 ②基本题型：该部分知识的命题形式有单选、多选、判断、案例分析、综合分析。主要考查考生对应该掌握的知识点的准确记忆，以及对相关知识点的理解和运用。 (4)人文和科技 ①考查的知识点：主要涉及历史常识、科技常识、日常生活百科，知识点分布太散，很难把握。 ②基本题型：该部分知识的命题形式主要是单选，偶尔会出现多选和判断。题型变化不大，主要考核考生的知识面。 (5)公文写作与处理 ①考查的知识点：公文的特点、种类，常用公文的格式，常用公文写作、公文的处理。②基本题型：该部分知识的命题形式多种多样，主要有单选、多选、判断、公文改错(纠错)、公文实务、作文题。既考查考生对相关基本知识的准确识记，也考查考生对相关知识的理解、把握和应用。
当代物流学习题3 标准化文件发布号：（9312-EUATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
PART III EXAMINATION QUESTIONS CHAPTER 2: THE SUPPLY-CHAIN CONCEPT Multiple Choice Questions 1.According to Professor Mentzer and colleagues, the supply-chain concept originated in what discipline a.marketing b.operations c.logistics d.production (c; p. 36) 2. A ____________ encompasses all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw material stage, through to the end user, as well as the associated information flows. a.production line b.supply chain c.marketing channel d.warehouse (b; p. 36) 3.Which of the following is not one of the processes in the SCOR model a.sell b.plan c.make d.return (a; p. 38) 4.The current SCOR model identifies ____________ key processes associated with supply-chain management. a.three b.four c.five d.six (c; p. 38)
The supply chain management concept Multiple Choice Questions 1.According to Professor Mentzer and colleagues, the supply chain concept originated in what discipline? a.marketing b.operations c.logistics d.production 2.The supply chain management philosophy emerged in which decade? a.1960s b.1970s c.1980s d.1990s 3. A ____________ encompasses all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw material stage, through to the end user, as well as the associated information flows. a.supply chain management b.supply chain c.marketing channel d.warehouse 4.Although nearly any organization can be part of a supply chain, supply chain management requires: a.the involvement of third-party logistics companies b.overt management efforts by the organizations in a supply chain c.the participation of world-class organizations d.at least one organization to be a multinational company 5.Two of the most prominent supply chain management frameworks are the Supply-Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model and the ____ model. a.Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) b.Supply Chain Efficiency (SCE) c.Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF) d.Penn State University (PSU) 6.Which of the following is not one of the processes in the SCOR model? a.sell b.plan c.make d.return 7.The current Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF) model identifies ____________ key processes associated with supply chain management. a.five b.six c.seven d.eight
1.法是由国家制定或认可并由国家强制力保证实施的，反映着统治阶级意志的规范体系。 2.法的特征：规范性、国家意志性、国家强制性、普遍性、程序性、可诉性、权利义务性。 3.法的作用可分为规范作用和社会作用。规范作用包括指引、评价、教育、预测和强制作用。社会作用一方面，法的社会作用体现在维护阶级统治 ; 另一方面，体现在维护社会公共利益，执行社会公共事务方面。 4.法律关系构成三要素：主体、内容、客体。 5.法的效力层次：上位法优于下位法，特别法优于一般法，新法优于旧法。 6.法律制裁以惩罚为主要形式，主要包括： (1) 民事制裁。 (2) 行政制裁。 (3) 刑事制裁。 (4) 违宪制裁。 7.宪法集中体现统治阶级建立民主国家的意志和利益，集中表现各种政治力量的对比关系，调整国家根本社会关系，确认和规定国家根本制度和根本任务，保障公民基本权利，具有最高法律效力的国家根本法。 8.宪法的特征：宪法是国家的根本法 ( 母法 ) ，宪法是公民权利的保障书，宪法是民主事实法律化的基本形式。 9.宪法的基本原则：人民主权原则，基本人权原则，法治原则，权力制约原则。 10.全国人民代表大会是最高的国家权力机关，也是最高的国家立法机关。 11.人大作用：批准省、自治区和直辖市的建制，决定特别行政区的设立及其制度，决定战争与 和平问题。 12.全国人大常委会是全国人大的常设机关，是在全国人民代表大会闭会期间经常行使最高国家 权力的机关，也是国家立法机关。 13.我国的政权组织形式是人民代表大会制度，这也是我国的政体和根本政治制度。 14.我国选举制度的基本原则：普遍性原则、平等原则、直接选举和间接选举并用原则、秘密投 票原则。
2011 年公务员考试公共基础知识真题与答案解析 一、单项选择题 (从下面各题选项中选出一个最符合题意的答案，并将相应字母 填入括号内。本题包括 40 小题，每小题 1 分，共 40 分 ) 1.2010 年 1 月 1 日，中国 -东盟自由贸易区正式启动。对于该自由贸易区说 法错误的是（ B）。 A. 是世界上人口最多的自由贸易区 B. 是全球第三大自由贸易区 C. 是由发展中国家组成的最大自由贸易区 D. 由中国和东盟 12 国共同组成 2.下列表述错误的一项是（B）。 A.行政复议法律关系是一种监督行政法律关系 B.行政复议法律关系是一种程序性的法律关系 C.行政复议法律关系是一种诉讼法律关系 D.行政复议法律关系是行政复议法律规范调整的结果 3.行政机关在调查或者进行检查时，执法人员一般应为（）。 A. 1 人至 2 人 B. 2 人以上 C. 3 人以上单数 D. 5 人以上单数 4.“任何个别（无论怎样）都是一般”。这句话的含义是 ( )。 A. 特殊性就是普遍性 B. 特殊性存在于普遍性之中 C. 普遍性是特殊性的总和 D. 特殊性中包含着普遍性 5.王某为某机关宣传处干事，申请辞职时未获批准，王某不服，则其可以在知道该人事处理之日起（）内向上一级机关提出申诉。 A. 15 日 B. 20 日 C. 30 日 D. 60 日 6.生产力范畴反映的是 ( C )。 A. 人与自然之间的关系 B. 人与社会之间的关系
C. 人与劳动产品的关系 D. 劳动者与剥削者的关系 7.公开发行公司债券，股份有限公司的净资产应当不低于人民币（）。 A. 300 万元 B. 3000 万元 C. 500 万元 D. 5000 万元 8.产业资本的三种职能形式是（）。 A. 固定资本、流动资本、货币资本 B. 货币资本、生产资本、商品资本 C. 商品资本、商业资本、借贷资本 D. 不变资本、可变资本、生产资本 9.李某生前立遗嘱将一件古玩赠给马某，李某死后马某表示接受遗赠，在遗产分割前马某死亡，则 ()。 A.该古玩由李某子女继承 B.该古玩由马某子女继承 C.将该古玩出售，价款由李某子女、马某子女共同继承 D.如李某子女同意方可由马某子女继承 10.历史人物的成功或失败，归根到底取决于 ( )。 A.他们的思想、行为是否符合历史发展的客观规律 B.他们的意志是否坚强 C.他们的愿望是否善良 D.他们的行动是否果断 11.我国建立社会主义市场经济体制的中心环节是 ( )。 A.提高企业的经济效益 B. 对经济结构进行战略性调整 C. 国有企业的改革 D. 调整生产力的布局 12.一切从实际出发，是我们制定路线、方针的基本原则，我国社会主义初级阶段最大的实际是 ( )。
一章概述 1985年我国颁布《中华人民共和国计量法》； 1987发布《计量法实施细则》 上二者说明凡是为社会提供公正数据的产品质量检验机构必须经省级以上人民政府计量行政部门计量认证！ 1990年发布《中华人民共和国标准化法》、《标准化法实施条例》 1997年首次对公路试验检测做出管理规定《公路工程试验检测机构资质管理暂行办法》之后出台了对人员的管理、培训文件，确定为公路、水运两种；检师、检员两种；明确了执业资格制度。 2000年《建设工程质量管理条例》 2002年出台了《水运工程试验检测机构资质管理办法》，确定了材料、结构两专业，甲乙丙三等级,为《办法》奠定了基础。 2005年在02年的“水运工程试验检测机构资质管理办法”基础上出台了《公路水运工程试验检测管理办法》，首次对公路水运统一要求；建立了等级评定制度；明确了等级划分原则；出台了《公路水运工程试验检测机构等级标准》以及《公路水运工程试验检测机构等级评定程序》，增加了公路的桥隧和交通工程检测专项。 《公路水运试验检测管理办法》规定取得《公路水运工程试验检测机构等级证书》的检测机构可设立工地试验室，承担相应检测任务，并对其检测结果负责。 为提高试验检测人员的管理及人员的素质，2007年在《办法》基础上出台了《公路水运工程试验检测人员考试办法》 《等级标准》规定了各等级的检测能力以及与之相对应的人员资格及数量、设备要求、检测用房等。其中各等级的检测能力依据《公路工程质量检验评定标准》《水运工程强制性标准》。水运工程沿袭了《水运工程试验检测机构资质管理办法》的要求。 试验检测是质量、进度、费用管理的重要手段；确定新材料的使用品质；不断改进施工工艺、流程、质量；确定工程内部、外部质量，消除隐患；可分析工程质量事故原因。 质量是工程的生命；试验检测是质量的重要组成部分；是工程质量科学管理的重要手段，为工程提供客观、公正、准确的检测数据。 试验检测的新任务：检测已建成及在建道路桥梁的健康状况，确定科学的养护方法和时间，延长寿命等。 从勘察设计到施工建设到监控养护都离不开试验检测。 试验检测的作用：
惠州学院 物流管理专业 本科人才培养方案 （2009版） 惠州学院 教务处 编制经济管理系 二OO九年五月
一、培养目标 本专业培养德智体美全面发展的，掌握现代企业物流管理理论，熟练掌握现代企业物流控制技术，采购管理、仓储管理、配送管理、运输管理、供应链管理等物流管理的核心知识以及相应管理信息系统的操作方法与技巧。熟悉物流领域的法律、法规，获得企业物流管理基本训练。具有一定的英语实际应用能力，具备物流与行业管理能力，能在政府、物流企业及企业物流部门从事物流规划设计、管理、维护、咨询服务等相关工作的拓展型高素质人才。 二、培养要求及特色 物流管理本科专业毕业生必须具备以下基本素质和能力： 1、掌握马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观等基本理论，有良好的思想品德修养以及健康的体魄和心理。 2、掌握系统的供应链及物流管理基础理论、基本知识，熟悉供应链物流系统规划、物流业务运作及组织管理。 3、掌握从事物流系统优化、物流业务运作及物流管理的基本技能与方法。 4、具有扎实的经济学、管理学、数学、计算机科学与技术基础，能够适应物流管理工作中定量分析及信息化的需要。 5、熟悉经济建设和企业管理的相关政策和法规，掌握国内外物流发展状况及趋势，了解国内外制造企业、流通企业和物流企业的基本物流运作模式。 6、具有较强的语言与文字表达、人际沟通以及分析和解决物流管理活动实际问题的基本能力。 7、掌握一门外语，有较强的听说能力，能阅读本专业的外文资料。 8、掌握资料查询、文献检索的基本方法，具有一定的科学研究和实际工作能力。 9、职业资格要求：鼓励学生报考物流员（国家职业资格四级）、助理物流师（国家职业资格三级）、物流师（国家职业资格二级）和高级物流师（国家职业资格一级）；英国皇家物流与运输学会（Institute of Logistics and Transportation，ILT）一级证书——物流基层管理人员证书（Foundation Certificate in Logistics）。 三、学制与学位 修业年限：学制四年，最长可延长在六年内。 授予学位：管理学学士学位。 四、主干学科 工商管理、管理科学与工程。 五、主要课程 物流学、物流经济学、供应链管理、物流配送管理、采购管理、物流系统分析、库存控制与仓储管理、国际物流、第三方物流、物流成本管理、物流配送管理、微观经济学、管理学、运筹学等。
第一部分教育学基础 第一章教育及教育学 第一节、教育概述（P3）※ 一、教育的概念 1、广义泛指凡是能够增长人的知识和技能，影响人的思想品德，提高人的认识能力，增强人的体质，完善人的个性的一切活动。 2、狭义即学校教育，是教育者根据社会发展的要求，在特定的教育场所，有目的、有计划、有组织的对受教育者的身心施加影响，以使他们的身心朝着社会期望的方向发展的过程。（组织性、计划性、目的性，专业的师资和场地，系统的教育及教学组织的规范） 3、更狭义思想品德教育活动（德育） 二、教育的要素（P3-P4）※ 构成教育活动的基本要素：教育者受教育者教育影响 1、教育者是教育实践活动的主体。 教育者的基本特征：主体性目的性社会性 2、受教育者是教育的对象，是学习的主体具有受教性（受教性是人的身心发展和动物的省心发展的本质区别）。 3、教育影响是置于教育者和受教育者之间的一切“中介”的总和。它包括作用于受教育者的影响以及运用这种影响的活动方式和方法。 4、教育要素之间的关系教育三个要素之间既相互独立，又相互制约，共同构成一个完整的实践活动系统，缺一不可。教育者按一定的目的和要求来改变受教育者，教育者及受教育者之间相互作用；教育者和受教育者之间的作用及联系是以一定的教育影响为中介的；三者之间相互联系和作用的结果使受教育者发生合乎目的的变化。 三、教育的形态 含义：由教育三要素所构成的教育系统在不同时空背景下的变化形式，也是“教育”理念的历史实现。 （一）根据教育系统自身形式化的程度：非制度化的教育及制度化的教育。 非制度化教育：没能形成相对独立的教育形式的教育——生产及生活高度一体化（人类学校教育以前的教育。 制度化教育：由专门的教育人员、机构及其运行制度所构成的教育形态——人类教育的高级形态，促进人类教育文明的发展。 （二）从教育系统所赖以运行的空间特性来看：家庭教育、学校教育、社会教育。 家庭教育：以家庭为单位进行的教育活动。 学校教育：根据一定的社会要求，按照一定的目的，选择适当的内容，利用集中的时间，有计划、系统地向学生进行各种科学文化知识的教育。 社会教育：在广泛的社会生活和生产过程中所进行的教育活动。 特点：开放性、群众性、多样性、补偿性、融合性
1，2005年交通部出台了《检测管理办法》就检测机构、从业人员资格和工地试验室管理提出明确要求。包括：总则、检测机构等级评定、试验检测活动、监督检查、附则 2，目的在于规范公路水运试验检测活动，保证工程质量及人民生命财产安全，这里的试验检测活动包括：试验机构从事试验3，检测相关活动以及政府部门对检测工作的监督等活动。实验检测内容主要指在现场二次加工的材料，是对进场材料的检查。 4，检测范围：二次加工的材料，构件，工程制品。不同生产，销售的产品检测活动。 其中《等级标准》明确了各等级实验室对人员、设备、检测能力、实验用房等标准； 《评定程序》规范了等级评定程序； 《工地实验室》强调了设立前提是：母体取得了检测机构等级证书。 5，试验检测遵循原则：科学、客观、严谨、公正 科学：科学的技术手段管理手段；有效的质量保证体系；设备的检查、维护和更新换代；对于监督机构表示科学分析影响，采用科学手段加强监管。 客观：以实施为准绳；严密的工作程序；严守职业道德；不造假。 严谨：检测活动要考虑周全；规范标准要现行有效；检测程序严密；报告要素齐全；检测依据明确；检测方法得当。 公正：检测活动不受外界任何因素干扰；独立开展工作；不收行政干扰和利益影响。 6，质监机构具体实施试验检测活动的监督管理和落实；质监总站是具体实施检测活动的监管部门，省站为本行政区内试验检测活动的监管部门。 7，公路水运检查机构分为公路、水运两个专业，公路：综合类（甲乙丙）和专项（交通工程、桥梁隧道工程）；水运：材料类（甲乙丙）和结构类（甲乙）公路工程 综合类 甲 质监总站评定 乙、丙 省站评定 专项 桥梁隧道工程 质监总站 交通工程 质监总站 水运工程 材料 甲 质监总站 乙、丙 省站 结构 甲
公共基础知识常考知识点汇总1 1.我国政权组织形式是人民代表大会制。 2.行政许可是行政机关的批准行为。 3.行政行为以受法律规范拘束的程度为标准,可以分为两类羁束行政行为与自由裁量行政行为。 4.在诉讼期间的最后六个月内,因不可抗力或者其他障碍不能行使请求权的,诉讼时效中止。 5.书写公文中的成文日期应使用汉字。 6.规定用于依照有关法律规定发布行政法规和规章。 7.以上请示事项当否,请即批复。 8.命令不属于规定性文件,属于规定性文件的有规定、条例、办法。 9.由机关领导对发文稿批注核准发出的意见并签署姓名及日期的活动,是发文处理中的签发。 10.一切唯心主义哲学认为世界的本原是意识的。 11. “静者,动之静也”的观点是认为静止是运动的特殊状态 12.运动的主体是物质 13.质变是事物根本性质的变化 14.马克思主义哲学认为否定是辩证的否定。 15. “离开革命实践的理论是空洞的理论,而不以革命理论为指南的实践是盲目的实践。”这段话强调的是要坚持理论和实践相结合的原则来源:河南京佳
16.历史唯物主义的任务在于揭示社会发展的一般规律 17.社会进步的内在根据是社会基本矛盾运动 18.在社会主义建设新时期,中国共产党完成指导思想拨乱反正的标志是党的十一届六中全会通过《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》 19.邓小平对党的思想路线的贡献在于强调解放思想 20.党的十四大把社会主义初级阶段理论作为社会主义发展阶段问题进行了新的论述,成为邓小平理论的重要基础。 21.我国企业改革的目标是建立现代企业制度 22.建立社会主义市场经济体制,就是要使市场在国家宏观调控下对生产力的配置起基础性作用 23.当社会总需求大于社会总供给时,一般不宜采取松的货币政策 24.劳动力市场是劳动力资源的交易和分配的场所 25.根据现代企业制度的基本特征,企业拥有包括国家在内的出资者投资形成资产的全部法人财产权 26.社会主义经济在资源的配置方面,最为有效的体制是社会主义市场经济体制 27.社会保障体系的核心内容是:社会保险。 28. “两手抓,两手都要硬”是社会主义精神文明建设的战略方针 29.社会主义要消灭贫穷,这是由社会主义的本质决定的。 30.我国政府职能的实施主体是各级人民政府。