初中英语定语从句讲解一、专题精讲知识点1：定语从句的基础知识1. 定语的概念：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。
可以作定语的成分有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子。
定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。
在汉语中，“的”是定语的标志。
e.g.: 1. She is a beautiful girl.(形容词作定语)2. It is a school bus.(名词作定语)3. Her name is Lily./ David’s car is broken.(代词或者名词所有格作定语)4. There are two boys in the classroom.(数词作定语)5. The woman there needs help. / People now have their festival dinners at restaurants.(副词作定语)6. The man in the kitchen is my father. (介词短语作定语)7. There is nothing to do today. (动词不定式作定语)8. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his father(分词作定语)9. There are five boys who will play the game. (从句作定语)例1：翻译下列短语，并画出这些短语中定语的位置。
1. a naval pilot___________________2. two huge objects______________3. the rocks on the moon____________4. the girl in red_______________5. the village far away_____________6. a library with lots of books_____________7. the first man that walked on the moon______________________________1. a naval pilot2. two huge objects3. the rocks on the moon4. the girl in red5. the village far away6. a library with lots of books7. the first man that walked on the moon总结：用单词充当定语修饰名词时，位于名词之前，做前置定语。
用短语充当定语修饰名词时，位于名词之后，做后置定语。
2. 定语从句的定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，所以也称作形容词性从句。
e.g.: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. (修饰名词the man)Anyone who breaks the law shall be published. (修饰代词anyone)3. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
e.g.: The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (the people为先行词，被横线部分及定语从句部分修饰)4. 关系词：在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose；例2：判断下列复合句是否含有定语从句，如果有，在括号内打“√”并在句中把定语从句画出来。
1. Armstrong became the first human that walked on the moon.( )2. There are reports which say Armstrong and Aldrin saw alien spacecraft when they were on the moon.( )3. Neil Armstrong is the person who made people around the world realize that space exploration was truly possible. ( )4. The most important award that Armstrong got for his service was the Medal of Freedom.( )5. Many people believe that aliens were watching the astronauts when they landed.( )知识点2：关系词的作用及分类1. 关系词的作用：A. 引导定语从句；B. 代替先行词；C. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。
e.g.: The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
2. 关系词的分类：引导定语从句的词分为关系代词和关系副词I. 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。
它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
1.who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语，且做宾语时，常可省略；e.g.: The boys who are playing football are from Class One. （做主语）Do you know the girl who is standing under the tree? （做主语）The girl (who) you talk to just now is my friend. （做宾语）2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略，一般也可用who替代。
但在介词后面只能用whom。
e.g.: Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. （在介词后面不用who）3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
e.g.: Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (做主语)This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. (做宾语)4. that既可指人也可指物。
指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时常省略。
e.g.: The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (做主语，指代人)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (做宾语，指代人)The picture that is on the wall cost much. (做主语，指代物Did you see the computer that I bought yesterday? (做宾语，指代物)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。
e.g.: He has a friend whose father is a doctor.I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? (批注：此部分选讲)检测题（一）：单项选择( ) 1. ----The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.----Yes. They are helping the people ___ are suffering from the earthquake. (2010扬州)A. whichB. whatC. /D. who( ) 2. They want to develop a kind a dog-friendly food ____ will help dog owners cool down their pets. (2010常州)A. whoB. whatC. whichD. whether( ) 3. The girl _____won the gold medal comes from Beijing Sunshine Secondary School. (2010镇江)A. whoB. whichC. whatD. whom( ) 4. One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou ________ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake. (2011扬州)A. whatB. whoC. thatD. /( ) 5. —Who is your favourite writer?—Mo Yan. He is the first Chinese person _________ wins the Nobel Prize forLiterature.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. whom( ) 6. —I like the photo I took on the beach yesterday. What do you think of it?—Well, really nice!A. whereB. whenC. whichD. who ( ) 7. We all like the story about the teacher happened in our school last week.A. whatB. whoC. whomD. that 答案：D C A C C C D知识点3：关系代词的选用一般情况下，that既可以指人又可指物，可以代替who, whom和which, 在从句中做主语，表语和谓语动词的宾语。
