Doctoring Sales

科技类4-3-2 Volcanoes–earth-shattering news5-2-1 BAKELITE (人造树胶）-The birth of modern plastics 5-3-2 Disappearing Delta5-3-3 The Return of Artificial intelligence5-4-2 Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glass6-3-1 Cinematography8-2-1 Sheet glass manufacture：the float process8-2-2 The little ice age8-3-1 Striking back at lighting with lasers9-1-1 William Henry Perkin (synthetic dyes)9-1-2 Is there anybody out there? In search for extra-terrestrial intelligence9-2-2 Venus in transit9-3-2 Tidal Power9-3-3 Information theory-the big idea9-4-1 The life and work of Marie Curie11-1-3 The FALKIRK wheel11-4-1 Research using twins11-4-2 An introduction to film sound12-4-1 The history of Glass13T2P2 Oxytocin （催产素）14-4-4 Rochman's studies on ocean debris人类学4-1-3 Visual Symbols and the Blind4-2-1 Lost for Words (Endangered languages)4-3-3 Obtaining Linguistic Data4-4-1 How much higher? How much faster? (sporting performance) 5-1-2 Nature or Nurture? (Milgram’s experiment)5-2-2 What’s so Fun ny? (On humour)5-2-3 The Birth of Scientific English5-3-1 Early Child Education6-2-2 Greying Population Stays in the Pink6-2-3 Numeration6-3-3 The Search for the Anti-aging Pill6-4-2 Do literate women make better mothers?7-3-2 Population movements and genetics8-2-3 The meaning and power of smell8-3-2 The nature of Genius9-2-1 auditory function deficit9-2-3 A neuroscientist reveals how to think differently9-3-1 Attitudes to language9-4-2 Young children’s sense of identity10-1-1 Stepwells10-1-3 The psychology of innovation10-2-2 Gifted children and learning10-4-2 Second nature11-2-3 Neuroaesthetics11-3-3 Preface to 'how the other half thinks:Adventures in mathematical reasoning11-4-3 'This marvellous invention' （language）12-1-2 Collecting as a hobby12-1-3 What's the purpose of gaining knowledge?12-2-3 The benefits of being bilingual12-3-2 The intersection of health sciences and geography12-3-3 Music and the emotions13T1P2 Why being bored is stimulating - and useful, too13T3P2 How baby talk gives infant brains a boost14-1-1 The importance of CHILDREN S PLAY14-3-1 The concept of intelligence14-3-3 The power of play14-4-1 the secret of staying young社会类4-2-2 ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE IN AUSTRALIA4-4-3 The Problem of Scarce health-care Resources 6-1-1 Australia’s Sporting Success6-2-1 Advantages of Public Transport6-4-3 School bullying7-1-3 Educating psyche7-2-3 Makete Integrated Rural Transport Project8-1-2 Air traffic control in the USA8-1-3 Telepathy8-4-1 The land of the rising sum （math teaching）10-1-2 EUROPEAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 1990-20109-4-3 The development of museums10-2-3 Museums of fine art and their public10-3-1 The Context,Meaning and Scope of Tourism12-2-1 The risks agriculture faces in developing countries13T1P1 Case study: Tourism New Zealand website14-1-2 The growth of bike-sharing; schemes around the world 14-2-2 Back to the future of skyscraper design考古历史类4-4-2 The nature and aims of archaeology7-2-1 Why pagodas don't fall down7-4-1 Pulling strings to build pyramids8-1-1 A Chronicle of Timekeeping10-2-1 Tea and Industrial Revolution10-3-3 Beyond the blue horizon (peopling the Pacific Ocean) 11-2-1 Raising the Mary Rose11-2-2 What destroyed the civilization of Easter Island11-3-1 The Story of Silk12-2-2 The lost city （Machu Picchu）13T2P1 Bringing cinnamon to Europe13T4P1 Cutty Sark: the fastest sailing ship of all time13T3P3 Whatever happened to the Harappan Civilization14-2-1 Alexander Henderson生物环保类4-1-1Children’s ideas about rainforest4-1-2 What Do Whales Feel?4-2-3 PLAY IS A SERIOUS BUSINESS5-1-3 The Truth about the Environment5-4-1 The Impact of Wilderness Tourism5-4-3 The effects of light on plant and animal species 6-1-3 Climate Change and the Inuit7-1-1 Let's go bats7-1-2 Making every drop count7-3-1 Ant intelligence7-3-3 European forests protection7-4-2 Endless harvest (fishery in Alaska)7-4-3 Effects of noise8-3-3 How does the biological clock tick8-4-2 Biological control of pests8-4-3 Collecting Ant Specimens9-1-3 The history of the tortoise10-3-2 Autumn leaves10-4-1 The megafires of California10-4-3 When evolution runs backwards11-1-1 Crop-growing skyscrapers11-1-3 Reducing the effects of Climate Change11-3-2 Great Migrations12-3-1 Flying tortoises12-4-2 Bring back the big cats13T3P1 The coconut palm13T4P2 Saving the soil14-3-2 Saving bugs to find new drugs14-4-2 why zoos are good商业管理类4-3-1 Micro-enterprise Credit for Street Youth6-1-2 Delivering the Goods6-3-2 Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions6-4-1 Doctoring Sales7-2-2 The true cost of food12-4-3 UK companies need more effective boards of directors 13T2P3 Making the most of trends14-1-3 motivational factors and the hospitality industry 14-2-3 why companies should welcome disorder文化艺术类5-1-1 Johnson’s Dictionary13T1P3 Artificial artists13T4P3 Book Review12-1-1 Cork。

DoctoringSalesI.Global understanding of the passage1.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write2.Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage? WriteYes if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNo if the statement disagrees with the views of the writerNot Given if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this(1)Sales representatives like Kin Schaefer work to a very limited budget.(2)Kim Schaefer’s marketing techniques may be open to criticism on moral grounds.(3)The information provided by drug companies is of little use to doctors.(4)Evidence of drug promotion is clearly visible in the healthcare environment(5)The drug companies may give free drug samples to patients without doctors’ prescriptions.(6)It is legitimate for drug companies to make money.II. Detailed understanding of the passageParagraph 1:3. What purpose does paragraph 1 plays in the introductory part of the passage?○To argue that sales reps are having a difficult time.○To argue that sales reps have to bribe the doctors.○To introduce the topic of pharmaceutical sales and marketing strategies by an example of a sales rep.○To introduce the topic of effectiveness of pharmaceutical sales and marketing strategies. Paragraph 2:○plan for a tour○plan for research○arrangement of activities○money planned to be spent○ a sum of money offered as a respect or thanks○high respect○good reputation○special recognition○giving money or gift in order to persuade someone○convincing someone of the truth○persuading someone to accept some ideas○encouraging someone to buy medicinesParagraph 4:7. According to paragraph 4，what role may a sales rep play to doctors?○The role of an information provider.○The role of a salesperson.○The role of a researcher．○The role of a physician.Paragraph 5:8. The money on promotional products is spent ______ according to Para. 5.○well○wisely○with expected outcomes○with outcomes hard to tell○prepare and give out○do away with○deal with○give special attention to10. Which of the following statements is NOT true about free samples of drugs? ○Free samples of drugs costs a large sum of money.○Free samples of drugs is an effective way of influencing doctors’ prescription. ○Free samples of drugs is not as effective as gifts to doctors.○Free samples of drugs changes doctor’s inclination of prescription. Paragraph 711. The expression bottom line in the passage is closest in meaning to○the final result○the advantage○the important reason○the special factor。

雅思阅读中的空杯思想详解拒绝天马行空,雅思阅读中的空杯思想详解。

今日我给大家带来了雅思阅读中的空杯思想详解,盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧拒绝天马行空雅思阅读中的空杯思想详解雅思阅读的传统症结：主观臆断做题许多考生在考试期间消失的问题是，常常自己主观臆断脑补了相关信息，而脱离了文章实际，这是全部英语类考试阅读中的大忌。

这一点上，高中生比高校生和参与工占优势，他们社会阅历缺乏，在解题时往往不会参加任何主观看法，所以在阅读考试中往往简单出高分。

而高校生和已工在解题时会不由自主地参加主观想法，导致许多题目出错。

作为语言类考试，测试重点不在于考生对相关话题的背景学问了解多少，而在于考生是否能在有限时间内从海量信息中提取有效的部分来解答问题，即使是GMAT或者GRE考试也是如此，阅读部分肯定切记全部问题的答案都要依据原文而不是常识。

把自己脑袋里的学问沉淀都放空，无论话题是否熟识，都当成新的涉猎领域，有依据的回答问题。

选TRUE or FALSE，YES or NO这类题型，最简单在NOT GIVEN 这个选项上出问题。

这类题目的技巧在于，定位好第一道题在原文的位置，后面的题目答案基本也会按挨次消失在原文。

正确的叙述都是对原文的转述，很少有跟原文完全重合的正确选项，往往这样的干扰选项只在一句话中部分跟原文重合，其余部分会消失纰漏。

错误选项跟NOT GIVEN选项的区分要依据原文是否有相关叙述，假如明显与原文事实不符合，那么肯定选错误;假如陈述同一件事，但合理推想也得不到题干陈述的结论，那么也是错误的;假如原文没有消失相关信息，或者题干陈述的是同件事的其他方面，那么就要选择NOT GIVEN。

接下来详解NOT GIVEN的出题常见套路。

NOT GIVEN出题的主要4种形式：【1】没提及! ——这是最难的，但是如果你词汇量还成，的确没看到，那就是NG【2】题目中涉及的范围(小于)原文涉及的范围举例：原文：This club offers students printers.题目：This club offers students color printers.原文：Most applicants are from Europe.题目：Most applicants are from UK.你还等神马，绝逼不是false，绝逼是NOT GIVEN【3】原文:某人的目标(aim)、目的(purpose)、想法、愿望(wish)、保证(promise)、宣誓(vow\swear)题目:事实(通常是实意动词)举例：原文：His aim was to bring together, once every four years, athletes from all countries on the friendly fields of amateur sport.译文：他的目的是把各国的运动员每四年一次聚集到友好的业余运动的赛场上。

雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思6阅读Test4 PASSAGE 1的译文,对本单元其他译文有兴趣的考生，请点击：剑桥雅思6Test 3 Pessage1原文参考译文；剑桥雅思6 Test 3 Pessage2 参考译文：在逆境中激励员工挑战。

剑桥雅思6Test4阅读原文+参考译文PASSAGE 1：Doctoring salesPharmaceuticals is one of the most profitable industries in North America. But do the drugs industry’s sales and marketing strategies go too far医药营销制药业是北美地区利润最大的行业之一。

但是制药业的销售和市场策略是否太过火了A A few months ago Kim Schaefer, sales representative of a major global pharmaceutical company, walked into a medical center in New York to bring information and free samples of her company’s latest products. That day she was lucky — a doctor was available to see her. ‘The last rep offered me a trip to Florida. What do you have’the physician asked. He was only half joking.A 几个月前，Kim Schaefer，一家全球主要制药公司的销售代表，带着公司新药的资料和免费试用品走进了纽约的一家医疗中心。

那天，她非常幸运地见到了一位医生。

“上一位销售代表给我提供了一趟到佛罗里达的旅行，你能提供什么呢”医生这样半开玩笑地问道。

雅思阅读重点题材解析2016雅思阅读重点题材解析雅思阅读来讲，欢喜的多，忧愁的少，尽管雅思考试每年的难度在一点点爬升，尽管偶尔出现过怒摔土豪铅笔，悲愤拂袖离席的伤痛时刻，但阅读分数向来是自豪的代名词，是冲向雅思高分的保证。

通过对过去一年的总结，希望各位考生在新的一年里向阅读满分发起冲击，对阅读来说，就是这么任性!今天，yjbys网店铺以2015年全年的阅读真题为例，为同学们盘点阅读系列中的文章主流题材。

2015年高频/重点题材：物品/机构发展说明(34)动物植物(27)心理语言(27)地理环境(15)考古研究(9)经济管理(8)跨界题材(13)2015年雅思阅读从文章行文模式来讲，出镜率较高的为物品或机构的发展说明类，物品类提到了中国考生在中文词汇中也不是特别熟悉的，如石墨、龙涎香;机构的发展有可能会提到一个社交网络或者网上的'公司，这些文章行文结构专一，从头到位是围绕某一个主题完全展开，中间不会涉及太多跨题材的内容。

下面是动物和植物类和心理语言类文章，各占27篇。

比较常规考到的是地理环境类、考古研究类和经济管理类，今年格外值得注意的是跨界题材，即同一文章涉及两个不同的领域和学科的内容，例如它会讲到人文音乐对于工程师也就是arts对engineering的影响,或是一个国家所处的地理环境跟这国家的自然气候对国家经济产生的影响，这个不容小视。

接下来我们一一分开去说。

1. 雅思阅读文章题材--物品/机构发展说明1C5T2P1: Bakelite1C7T2P1: Why pagodas don’t fall down1C8T1P1: A Chronicle of Timekeeping1C8T1P2: Air Traffic Control in USA1C10T1P1: Stepwells1C10T3P2: Autumn Leaves这一题型从剑五开始历数，剑五第二套试题第一篇文章，有关Bakelite，文章的翻译标题叫做电木，在中文中很多人也没有听过这个名称，看了副标题才知道这是人造塑料的前身。

I. Global understanding of the passage1. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct2. Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage? WriteYes if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNo if the statement disagrees with the views of the writerNot Given if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this(1)Sales representatives like Kin Schaefer work to a very limited budget.(2) Kim Schaefer’s market ing techniques may be open to criticism on moral grounds.(3) The information provided by drug companies is of little use to doctors.(4) Evidence of drug promotion is clearly visible in the healthcare environment(5) The drug companies may give free drug samples to p atients without doctors’ prescriptions.(6) It is legitimate for drug companies to make money.II. Detailed understanding of the passageParagraph 1:3. What purpose does paragraph 1 plays in the introductory part of the passage?○To argue that sales reps are having a difficult time. ○To argue that sales reps have to bribe the doctors. ○To introduce the topic of pharmaceutical sales and marketing strategies by an example of a sales rep. ○To introduce the topic of effectiveness of pharmaceutical sales and marketing strategies.Paragraph 2:○ plan for a tour ○ plan for research ○ arrangement of activities ○ money planned to be spent○ a sum of money offered as a respect or thanks ○ high respect ○ good reputation ○ special recognition Paragraph 3:○ giving money or gift in order to persuade someone ○ convincing someone of the truth○ persuading someone to accept some ideas ○ encouraging someone to buy medicines Paragraph 4:7. According to paragraph 4，what role may a sales rep play to doctors?○ The role of an information provider. ○ The role of a salesperson.○ The role of a researcher．○ The role of a physician.Paragraph 5:8. The money on promotional products is spent ______ according to Para. 5.○ well ○ wisely ○ with expected outcomes ○ with outcomes hard to tell Paragraph 6:○ prepare and give out ○ do away with ○ deal with ○ give special attention to10. Which of the following statements is NOT true about free samples of drugs?○ Free samples of drugs costs a large sum of money.○Free samples of drugs is an effective way of influencing doctors’ prescription.○ Free samples of drugs is not as effective as gifts to doctors.○Free samples of drugs changes doctor’s inclination of prescription.Paragraph 711. The expression bottom line in the passage is closest in meaning to○ the final result ○ the advantage ○ the important reason ○ the special factor。

C4T1P1孩子们对热带雨林的误解（无英文标题）P2 WHAT DO WHALES FEELP3 VISUAL SYMBOLS AND THE BLINDT2P1 LOST FOR WORDSP2 ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE IN AUSTRALIAP3 PLAY IS A SERIOUS BUSINESST3P1 MICRO-ENTERPRISE CREDIT FOR STREET YOUTH P2 VOLCANOES-EARTH –SHATTERING NEWSP3 OBTAINING LINGUISTIC DATAT4P1 HOW MUCH HIGHRR ? HOW MUCH FASTER?P2 THE NATURE AND AIMS OF ARCHAEOLOGYP3 THE PROBLEM OF SCARCE RESOURCESC5T1P1 JOHN’S DICTIONARYP2 NATURE OR NURTUREP3 THE TRUTH ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENTT2P1 BAKELITEP2 WHAT’S SO FUNNYP3 THE BIRTH OF SCIENTIFIC ENGLISHT3P1 EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATIONP2 DIAPPEARING DELTAP3 THE RETURN OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCET4P1 THE IMPACT OF WILDERNESS TOURISMP2 FLAWED BEAUTY: THE PROBLEM WITH TOUGHENED GALSS P3 THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES C6T1P1 AUSTRILA’S SPORTING SUCCESSP2 DELIVERING THE GOODSP3 CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE LNUITT2P1 ADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORP2 GREYING POPULATION STAYS IN THE PINKP3 NUMERATIONT3p1 LUMIERE BROTHER（无标题)p2 MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES UNDER ADVERSE CONDITIONS P3 THE SEARCH FOR THE ANTI-AGING PILLT4P1 DOCTORING SALESP2 DO LITERATE WOMEN MAKE BETTER MOTHERS?P3 BULLYING (无标题)C7T1P1 LET’S GO BATSP2 MAKING EVERY DROP COUNTP3 EDUCATION PSYSHET2P1 WHY PAGES DON’T FALL DOWNP2 THE TRUE COST OF FOODP3 MAKETE INTEGRATED RURAL TRANSPOT PROJECT T3P1 ANT INTELLIGENCEP2 POPULATION MOVEMENTS AND GENETICSP3 FOREST(无标题)T4P1 PULLING STRINGS TO BUILD PYRAMIDSP2 ENDLESS HARVESTP3 EFFECTS OF NOISEC8T1P1 A CHRONICLE OF TIMEKEEPINGP2 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL IN THE USAP3 TELEPATHYT2P1 SHEET GLASS MANUFACTURE: THE FLOAT PROCESS P2 THE LITTLE ICE AGEP3 THE MEANING AND POWER OF SMELLT3P1 STRIKING BACK AT LIGHTNING WITH LASERSP2 THE NATURE OF GENIUSP3 HOW DOES THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TICK?T4P1 LAND OF THE RISING SUMP2 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTSP3 COLLECTING ANT SPECIMENTSC9T1P1 WILLIAM HENRY PERKINP2 IS THERE ANYBODY OUT THERE?P3 THE HISTORY OF THE TORTOISET2P1 听力损伤（无标题）p2 VENUS IN TRASITP3 A NEUROSCIENTISTS REVEALS HOW TO THINK DIFFERENTLY T3P1 ATTITUDES TO LANGUAGEP2 TIDAL POWERP3 INFORMATION THEORY-THE BIG IDEAT4P1 THE LIFE AND WORK OF MARIE CURIEP2 YOUNG CHILDREN’S SENSE OF IDENTITYP3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSEUMSC10T1P1 STEPWELLSP2 EUROPEAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM1990-2010P3 THE PSYCHOLOGY OF INNOVATIONT2P1 TAE AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONP2 GIFETED CHILDREN AND LEARNINGP3 MUSEUMS OF FINE ART AND THEIR PUBLICT3P1 THE CONTEXT,MEANIING AND SCOPE OF TOURISMP2 ANTUMN LEAVESP3 BEYOUND THE BLUE HORIZONT4P1 THE MEGAFIRES OF CALIFORNIAP2 SECOND NATUREP3 WHEN EVOLUTION RUNS BACKWORDS。

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寻找一个需要销售的职位英语作文Looking for a Sales PositionSales positions are in high demand in today's job market, with companies constantly on the lookout for skilled and motivated sales professionals. If you are someone who enjoys interacting with people, meeting new challenges, and achieving targets, then a career in sales might be the perfect fit for you.To excel in a sales position, it is essential to possess good communication skills, a customer-oriented mindset, and the ability to think on your feet. Sales professionals are responsible for building relationships with clients, understanding their needs, and offering solutions that meet those needs. In order to be successful in sales, you must be able to effectively communicate the value of your product or service and persuade customers to make a purchase.There are a variety of sales positions available in different industries, ranging from retail sales to business-to-business sales and everything in between. When looking for a sales position, it is important to consider your interests, strengths, and career goals in order to find a position that is the right fit for you.One of the key factors to consider when looking for a sales position is the company culture. It is important to find a company that values its employees, provides opportunities for growth and development, and offers a supportive work environment. By selecting the right company, you can ensure that you will be set up for success in your sales career.Networking is also an important tool when looking for a sales position. Reach out to your professional contacts, attend industry events, and utilize online networking platforms to connect with professionals in the sales field. Networking can lead to valuable job opportunities and help you stand out from other candidates.In addition to networking, it is important to tailor your resume and cover letter to highlight your relevant sales experience, skills, and achievements. When applying for sales positions, make sure to research the company and customize your application to show how you can contribute to their sales team.When preparing for a sales interview, practice your sales pitch, be prepared to discuss your sales successes, and be ready to answer questions about your sales techniques and strategies. Demonstrating your passion for sales and your ability to driveresults will help you stand out as a strong candidate for the position.Overall, finding a sales position requires a combination of networking, research, and preparation. By taking the time to identify the right company, highlight your sales skills, and showcase your passion for sales, you can land a rewarding sales position that allows you to thrive and grow in your career.。

I.Global understanding of the passage1.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write2.Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage? WriteYes if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNo if the statement disagrees with the views of the writerNot Given if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this(1)Sales representatives like Kin Schaefer work to a very limited budget.(2)Kim Schaefer’s marketing techniques may be open to criticism on moral grounds.(3)The information provided by drug companies is of little use to doctors.(4)Evidence of drug promotion is clearly visible in the healthcare environment(5)The drug companies may give free drug samples to patients without doctors’ prescriptions.(6)It is legitimate for drug companies to make money.II. Detailed understanding of the passageParagraph 1:3. What purpose does paragraph 1 plays in the introductory part of the passage?○To argue that sales reps are having a difficult time.○To argue that sales reps have to bribe the doctors.○To introduce the topic of pharmaceutical sales and marketing strategies by an example of a sales rep.○To introduce the topic of effectiveness of pharmaceutical sales and marketing strategies.Paragraph 2:○plan for a tour○plan for research○arrangement of activities○money planned to be spent○ a sum of money offered as a respect or thanks○high respect○good reputation○special recognitionParagraph 3:○giving money or gift in order to persuade someone○convincing someone of the truth○persuading someone to accept some ideas○encouraging someone to buy medicinesParagraph 4:7. According to paragraph 4，what role may a sales rep play to doctors?○The role of an information provider.○The role of a salesperson.○The role of a researcher．○The role of a physician.Paragraph 5:8. The money on promotional products is spent ______ according to Para. 5.○well○wisely○with expected outcomes○with outcomes hard to tell○prepare and give out○do away with○deal with○give special attention to10. Which of the following statements is NOT true about free samples of drugs? ○Free samples of drugs costs a large sum of money.○Free samples of drugs is an effective way of influencing doctors’ prescription. ○Free samples of drugs is not as effective as gifts to doctors.○Free samples of drugs changes doctor’s inclination of prescription. Paragraph 711. The expression bottom line in the passage is closest in meaning to○the final result○the advantage○the important reason○the special factor。

LanguageC4T2R1 Lost for WordsC5T1R1 Johnson’s DictionaryC5T2R3 The Birth of Scientific EnglishC4T3R3 Obtaining Linguistic DataC9T3R1 Attitude to LanguageEnvironmentC4T1R1 RainforestC5T1R3 The Truth about the EnvironmentC5T3R2 Disappearing DeltaC7T1R2 Making Every Drop CountC7T2R2 The True Cost of Food (Food)C7T3R3 DeforestationC5T4R1 The Impact of Wildness Tourism (Tourism) EducationC4T2R3 Play is a Serious BusinessC5T2R3 Early Childhood EducationC9T2R1 Children DevelopmentBiologyC4T1R2 What Do Whales Feel?C5T4R3 The Effect of Light on Plant and Animal SpeciesC7T1R1 Let’s Go Bats (Technology)C7T3R1 Ant IntelligenceC7T3R2 Population Movement and Genetics (Geography, Society) C8T2R3 The Meaning and Power of SmellC8T3R3 How Does the Biological Clock Tick?C8T4R2 Biological Control of PestsC8T4R3 Collecting Ant SpecimensC8T3R2 The Nature of GeniusPsychologyC4T1R3 Visual Symbols and the BlindC5T1R2 Nature or NurtureC5T2R2 What’s so Funny?C7T1R3 Educating PsychoC8T1R3 TelepathyC9T2R3 A Neuroscientist Reveals How to Think DifferentlyC9T4R2 Young Children’s Sense of IdentityHealth/ MedicineC4T2R2 Alternative Medicine in AustraliaC4T4R3 The Problem of Scarce ResourcesC6T2R2 Greying Population Stays in the PinkC6T3R3 The Search for Anti-aging PillsC6T4R1 Doctoring SalesTechnologyC5T2R1 BakeliteC5T3R3 The Return of Artificial IntelligenceC5T4R2 Flawed Beauty: the Problem with Toughened Glasses C8T1R1 A Chronicle of TimekeepingC8T2R1 Sheet Glass Manufacture: the Float ProcessC9T3R3 Information Theory – the Big Idea GeographyC4T3R2 V olcanoes-earth-shattering NewsC6T1R3 Climate Change and the InuitC8T2R2 The Little Ice AgeC8T4R1 Land of the Rising SumC9T2R2 Venus in TransitC9T3R2 Tidal PowerC9T1R2 Is There Anybody out There?SportsC4T4R1 How much higher? How much faster?C6T1R1 Australia Sporting SuccessArchaeologyC4T4R2 The Nature and Aims of Archeology TransportC6T1R2 Delivering the GoodsC6T2R1 Advantages of Public TransportC8T1R2 Air Traffic Control in the USAScienceC6T2R3 NumerationMediaC6T3R1 CinemaSociety/ Social LifeC4T3R1 Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street YouthC6T3R2 Motivating Employees under Adverse ConditionsC6T4R2 Do Literate Women Make Better Mothers?C6T4R3 BullyingC7T2R3 Makete Integrated Rural Transport ProjectC7T4R2 Endless HarvestC7T4R3 Effects of Noise (Environment, Biology) ArchitectureC7T2R1 Why Pagodas don’t Fall downC7T4R1 Pulling Strings to Build PyramidsCultureC8T3R1 Striking Back at Lightning With Lasers (Physics) C9T1R1 William Henry PerkinC9T1R2 The History of the Tortoise (Biology)C9T4R1 The Life and Work of Marie CurieC9T4R3 The Development of Museums。

剑桥5(T1)阅读题目题型分布多选多summary TFNG搭配(段落从属)选择TFNG YNNG 选择summary(选词）剑桥5(T2)阅读题目题型分布summary 图表（流）多选多TFNG TFNG图表（说）搭配(句子配对)summary TFNG图表（表）剑桥5(T3)阅读题目题型分布搭配(段落从属)搭配（观点搭配）TFNGList of headings YNNGsummary(选词）搭配(段落从属)TFNG 选择剑桥5(T4)阅读题目题型分布List of headings YNNG图表（表）搭配（观点搭配）summary(选词）TFNG TFNG完成句子剑桥5(G)阅读题目题型分布搭配(段落从属)TFNG搭配(段落从属)TFNG剑桥4(T1)阅读题目题型分布TFNG简答（选项）主旨（题目）图表（表）简答选择图表（选）summary(选词）p109 Lack of Sleep P123 Glow-worms1.孩子对热带雨林的错误观点2. What do whales feel?3. Visual symbols and the blind3.The effects of light on plant and animal species1.Johnson’s Dictionary2.Nature or Nurture?3.The truth about the Environment1.BAKELITE2.What's so funny?3.The Birth of Scientific English1.Early Childhood Education2.Disappearing Delta3.The Return of Aritificial Intelligence1.The Impact of Wilderness Tourism2.Flawed Beauty:the problem with toughened glass主旨（总结）剑桥4(T2)阅读题目题型分布summary搭配（观点搭配）YNNG 选择YNNG图表（柱）搭配(段落从属)多选多搭配（观点搭配）剑桥4(T3)阅读题目题型分布选择图表（表）YNNG主旨（总结）List of headings 简答summary搭配(段落从属)图表（表）summary 剑桥4(T4)阅读题目题型分布TFNG完成句子选择YNNG 多选多多选多summaryList of headings 搭配（时间搭配）YNNG剑桥4(G)阅读题目题型分布多选多简答搭配（观点搭配）完成句子(纯填空）完成句子剑桥6(T1)阅读题目题型分布搭配(段落从属)搭配(句子配对)简答搭配(段落从属)TFNGsummary(选词）List of headings summary 剑桥6(T2)阅读题目题型分布List of headings TFNG搭配（观点搭配）summary(选词）搭配(句子配对)2.Delievering the goods3.Climate change and the Inuit1.Advantages of public transport2.Greying population stays in the pink(老龄人口健康依旧）2.The nature and aims of archaeology3.The problem of scarce resourcesp111 The history of early cinema p125 Understanding Bee behaviour1.Austrilia's sporting success1.How much higher?影响运动员表现的主要因素3. Visual symbols and the blind1.Lost for words2.Alternative medicine in Australia3.Play is a serious business1.Micro-enterprise credit for street youth2.Volcanoes-earth-shattering news(火山爆发的威力）3.Obtaining linguistic data搭配(句子配对)TFNG剑桥6(T3)阅读题目题型分布搭配(段落从属)YNNG 选择List of headings YNNG搭配（观点搭配）YNNG搭配（观点搭配）图表（流）剑桥6(T4)阅读题目题型分布List of headings YNNGsummary(选词）YNNG 多选多List of headings 选择summary主旨（题目）剑桥6(G)阅读题目题型分布List of headings summary搭配(段落从属)搭配（观点搭配）完成句子9分达人1（T1)阅读题目题型分布List of headings TFNG 多选多YNNG 简答summary主旨（题目）搭配(段落从属)完成句子选择9分达人1（T2)阅读题目题型分布YNNG 选择搭配（观点搭配）搭配(段落从属)搭配（观点搭配）YNNGList of headings 选择简答9分达人1（T3)阅读题目题型分布搭配(段落从属)TFNGsummary(选词）选择1.learning by examples1.电影的诞生和早期发展3.Soviet's New Working Week3.The search for the Anti-aging Pill(抗衰老）1.Doctoring sales(医药营销）2.Do literate women make better mothers?3.学校欺凌现象p110 The water crisisp122 Pterosaurs(翼龙）1.William Gilbert and Magnetism2.2003欧洲酷夏3.Amateur Naturalists1.How to spot a liar?2.Being left-handed in a right-handed world3.Numeration(计数发展史）2.Motivating Employees under adverse conditions搭配（观点搭配）图表（流）搭配(段落从属)summary 9分达人1（T4)阅读题目题型分布搭配(段落从属)summary TFNG搭配（时间搭配）TFNGList of headings 搭配（观点搭配）选择9分达人1（T5)阅读题目题型分布搭配(段落从属)搭配（观点搭配）简答图表（表）搭配（观点搭配）TFNG搭配（观点搭配）summary 简答9分达人1（T6)阅读题目题型分布搭配(段落从属)搭配（观点搭配）选择TFNG图表（说）搭配（观点搭配）主旨（总结）List of headings TFNG主旨（总结）9分达人1（T7)阅读题目题型分布List of headings 图表（流）搭配（观点搭配）summary搭配(句子配对)YNNG搭配(段落从属)TFNG 简答9分达人2（T1)阅读题目题型分布完成句子搭配（观点搭配）TFNG 选择TFNG 多选多选择图表（表）选择1.Wonder plant2.Children's literature3.Talc Powder2.New Ice Age3.the Fruit Book1.The Mozart Effect2.The Ant and the Mandarin3.Music: Language We All Speak1.The sweet scent of success2.Ms.Carlill and the Carbolic Smoke Ballmunicating Styles and Conflict1.New Zealand Seaweed2.Optimism and Health3.The columbian exchange1.Going Bananas2.Coastal archaeology of Britain3.Travel books9分达人2（T2)阅读题目题型分布搭配（观点搭配）完成句子TFNGList of headings 完成句子多选多搭配(句子配对)选择TFNG9分达人2（T3)阅读题目题型分布TFNG搭配（观点搭配）多选多summary TFNG多选多TFNG summary主旨（总结）9分达人2（T4)阅读题目题型分布搭配（观点搭配）summary(选词）TFNG搭配(段落从属)summary主旨（总结）选择TFNGsummary(选词）9分达人2（T5)阅读题目题型分布TFNGsummaryList of headings 多选多完成句子搭配(句子配对)选择TFNG9分达人2（T6)阅读题目题型分布搭配(段落从属)summarysummary TFNG选择TFNG图表（流）summary9分达人2（T7)阅读题目题型分布TFNG图表（表）summary(选词）summary TFNG2.The seedhunters3. Assessing the risk 1. Ambergris 2.The Conquest of Malaria in Italy, 1900-19623.The ingenuity gap 1.Man or Machine?2.California's Age of Megafires 3.The rainmaker 1. Health in the wild 1.The origins of laughter 2.The lost city 3.Designed to last: Could better design cure our throwaway culture?1.Alfred Nobel 2.Bird migration 2. Tackling Hunger in Msekeni 3.Placebo Effect-The power of Nothing 1. Going nowhere fast搭配(段落从属)YNNG图表（流）搭配（观点搭配）2.The Conquest of Malaria in Italy, 1900-19623.sunset for the oil business?题材说明说明议论题材说明说明说明题材议论说明说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明题材说明说明议论题材说明议论说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明题材说明说明议论题材议论说明题材散文说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明议论题材说明说明说明题材说明说明说明题材说明说明说明。

医药销售名词解释sales representative：医药代表（实际上应该是销售代表，但是国内还是常用这种说法）Senior sales representative：高级医药代表Sales Executive：销售代表（不常用的说法）Medical Representative：医药代表（正规用法）Account Representative 客户代表Sales Supervisor：销售主管Hospital Supervisor：医院主管Acting HS：代理医院主管Specialist Supervisor：专员主管Commercial Supervisor：商务主管Commercial Specialist：商务专员District Sales Manager：区域销售经理Product Manager：产品经理Human Resource Management: HRM，人力资源管理；HR：人力资源PSS：professional sales skill，专业销售技巧DTC：Direct-to-Consumer。

是指直接面对消费者的营销模式，它包括任何以终端消费者为目标而进行的传播活动。

对医药市场而言，终端消费者有可能是患者本人、患者的朋友和亲属，也可能是医疗服务人员或者公众。

OTC：Over the Counter，不需医生处方可以在柜台上买到的药品。

Bats:（Brand awareness tools),[/b] 品牌提示物LOGO：标示语Slogan：口号，对于医药而言，就是产品的口号。

比如：普米克：局部高效，全身安全。

帮备：每天一次，有效治疗夜喘。

普拉固：保护心脏，预防中风。

贺普丁：抑制病毒，乙肝治疗的关键。

DA：detailing Aid，药品销售的主要支持工具（单页等）POP：Point of Purchase Advertising，是指“购买点的广告”。

凡在商店建筑内外、所有能帮助促销的广告物．或提供有关商品情报、服务、指示、引导等标示．都可以称为POP 广告。

重点阅读背景（自然科学类）:⏹Environment （10/3）Pollution/exhaust1.世界3大污染是什么2.造成污染的原因（人为因素）3.污染对社会的影响4.如何治理污染IELTS 3: Test 4 Passage 1⏹Climate Change1. Global Warming (重复率极高/6)原因/温室效应/气温变暖的影响/解决方法IELTS 5: Test1 Passage3The Truth about the EnvironmentAn Inconvenient Truth-Al Gore2.Harsh & Inuit (06/07/08)IELTS 6: Test1 Passage3Climate Change and the Inuit⏹Endangered Species （出现率很高）1.濒危物种出现的原因（人为）：hunt/environmental pollution/deforest2.国际组织的解决方法WWF: World Wildlife FundIFAW: International Fund for Animal WelfareWSPA: World Society for the Protection of Animals⏹Energy1.Traditional Energy(natural gas/coal/petrol)世界3大传统能源是什么/能源枯竭的原因/解决方法2. Alternative Energy (solar power)太阳能的工作原理IELTS 7(herald): Test3 Passage2 Energy and Fuels⏹Tropical Rainforest1.热带雨林的破坏与气候变化的关系2.热带雨林的破坏与物种变化的关系(habitat)⏹Volcano1.ClimateTemperature2.Prediction （考题/真题）科学家如何预测火山爆发IELTS 4 Test 3 Passage 2 Volcanoes-earth-shattering newssurprising or shocking and very important 重点阅读背景（社会科学类）:⏹Child1.Bullying (School Bully)School Bully的严重性:被欺负的人----------depression----------suicide欺负人的人----------violent----------youth crime----------social offense 解决方法：生活老师加强对Bully的控制IELTS 6: Test4 Passage32.Maternal Caremother literacy----------mental/physical development of childliteracy, literate, illiterateIELTS 6: Test4 Passage2:Do literate women make better mothers?3.Early EducationAustralian & New ZealandIELTS 5: Test3 Passage1:Early Childhood Education⏹Medical1.Medical SystemAustralian & New Zealand2.Doctoring Bribe07 NewIELTS 6: Test4 Passage1: Doctoring Sales3.New MedicineIELTS 6: Test3 Passage3: The Search for the Anti-aging Pill⏹Behavior实验报告：实验名称/过程/结果出题点在文章后半部1.Physical Behavior (animal)Cats(2008/1); Monkey(2008/6); Rat (2009/2)IELTS 4 Test 1 Passage2 What Do Whales Feel?IELTS 4 Test 2 Passage3 Play is a Serious Business2. Mental Behavior (human)AggressionIELTS 3 Test 3 Passage 3 Highs and LowsIELTS 4 Test 1 Passage 3 Visual Symbols and the Blind⏹History1.FilmIELTS 6 Test 3 Passage 1 & IELTS 4 G Test A Section 32.Motor Vehicle对社会的影响----------不好: 尾气污染/道路拥挤(congestion)/能源浪费 (depletion of oil resources)----------好:方便快捷IELTS 2 Test 3 Passage 2 The Motor Car3. Materials科普类/plastics/toughened glassesIELTS 5 Test 2 Passage 1 BakeliteIELTS 5 Test 4 Passage 2 Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glassIELTS 6 Test 2 Passage 3 Numeration⏹TransportationTransportation & International Trade(ships/planes)IELTS 6 Test 1 Passage 2 Delivering the Goods⏹Language1.语言消失过程/后果及影响----------语言消失----------文化消失----------历史消失IELTS 4 Test 2 Passage 1 Lost for Words2.翻译学 (3)translation/interpretation/translator/interpreter/simultaneous interpretation⏹Aging1.Aging and Economics2.Aging and Medical System⏹Sports & Hi-TechIELTS 6 Test 1 Passage 1 Australia’s Sporting Success应对阅读考试四大技能:技能1：快速阅读⏹雅思不是阅读理解，而是阅读做题⏹有目的地阅读目的=key words⏹Skim（扫读）+Scan（寻读）⏹定位⏹大量泛读----------质的飞跃技能2：词汇记忆：猜词:⏹通过上下文猜词e.g.If you could work 12 hours a day without a rest, and if you were able to do sports for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable. indefatigable adj. 不知疲倦的⏹词缀+单词熟悉部分e.g. unfriendlyendangeredrealismshorten⏹下定义猜词e.g.Meningococcal disease is a terrible illness, which affects the membrane in your brain and can kill you if left untreated.⏹通过例子猜单词e.g.The doctor recommends that you eat as much protein and fat as you want to, but youshould avoid carbohydrates, such as bread and rice.⏹利用连词猜单词e.g.The new law supersede s or replaces the law that was in effect last year.⏹通过特殊标点符号猜词e.g.Yo-yo dieting (losing weight and putting it back on) is really bad for you.⏹常识或相关背景知识猜词e.g.When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually givens an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.技能3:语法突破:⏹并列关系：in addition / and / similarly / likewise / as well as / besides / furthermore / also / moreover / and then /too/not only…but also / besides this/ besides that / Additionally / what’s more⏹顺序关系：firstly / initially / to begin with / at the beginning /then / next / later/earlier / after this / after that / following this/ following that / afterwards / in the end / finally / at last⏹因果关系：as a result / thus / so / therefore / hence / it follows that/thereby /eventually / in that case /since / as / cause /owing to / the reason why / leads to / because (of)⏹因A果B：A account for / be responsible for Bbring about / engender / give rise toinduce / mean / triggerB according to / due to / lie in Abe ascribed to / be attributed tobe based on / be guided bydepend / rely onevolve from / come fromin the sense of / through⏹转折关系：However / on the other hand / despite / in spite of / though / although / but / on the contrary / otherwise / yet / instead of / rather / whereas / while / nonetheless/nevertheless / even though / compared with / in contrast/alternatively⏹条件关系：If / unless / whether / provided that / for / so that / whether / depending on⏹下定义：be / refers to / mean / that is / in other words⏹下结论：in conclusion / in summary / lastly / finally / to sum up /to conclude / to recapitulate / in short⏹举例子：for example / for instance / one example is…/ such as /like…/ namely技能4：强化技能⏹阅读考试9种题型解题技巧⏹自身的英语水平Skim四部曲:⏹读题目&划目标点⏹带目标点泛读全文并定位•一旦定位就是答案•定位后还没有答案，尽可能先不做⏹精读剩余定位点并解决剩下的问题⏹填答案：边答边填实在不能解决的问题，先放下，赶紧MOVE ON！目标点:⏹总原则：专有名词/数字⏹分类：1.既有专有名词又有数字2.只有专有名词或数字（2小类）3.既没有专有名词也没有数字⏹注意：核心词----------核心句子⏹ e.g.The scientific study has shown that eating fewer calories can extend human life.九种题型解题技巧：一．Information Containing(信息包含)特点：1.泛读型题型2.一般是文章后的第一大题3.题型内部绝对乱序4.题目多数由名词或名词词组构成5.该题型一般为1对1题型，但有可能出现重复答案(注意看是否有NB)解题步骤:⏹浏览信息，划关键词(KW)⏹通读文章各段，寻找KW的对应词，对应词多数为KW的同义词⏹比较信息，选择答案⏹如果一再比较未能选出，可用排除法；如果排除法仍选不出答案，赶紧MOVE ON！补充说明:⏹全文应以段落进行处理⏹文章主题词一般不要标为KW⏹KW一般为：•首尾段对应词•特殊词•例子词description / example对应一个举例子的段落⏹一般有1-2题答案方向涉及到文章的首段及尾段•涉及到首段的提示词≈LH特殊词overview /past/introduction/initiation/orientation/main idea/view/concept/definition/cause/demonstration/essence/explanation…+topic•涉及到尾段的提示词≈LH特殊词future / in the future / solution /conclusion / suggest or suggestion /Summary/prediction/effect…+topic⏹特殊词帮助定位：•含有rate / ratio / proportion / percentage等词的信息往往对应%较多的段落•含有number / figure / amount statistical / demographics等词的信息往往对应数字集中的段落•含有financial / business / income / revenue / salary / wage / commercial 等词的信息往往对应￥$符号多的段落•含有time/ period等词的信息往往对应时间较多的段落⏹通常有1题会涉及到段落高频词(名词/名词短语/形容词)⏹有时有1题会涉及到段落中的数字或数据⏹通常有1-2题答案方向会涉及到段落主题句(首尾句)⏹有时会有个别题答案方向会涉及到段落的细节点(原文中的特殊符号是解题的关键)•“” / ‘’ / 段落首尾句附近的——或: /小括号(不能是人名/书名/年代/数字并且在3-4词以内)二．Matching (配对)⏹特点：1.泛读题型2.题型内部多数为乱序3.大多数情况下，每题只对应1个选项；有些情况下，有些选项可能会使用2次或2次以上；在个别情况下，某些选项在答案中用不上⏹分类：1.直接对应型：事物+特点公司+发明事物+所处年代2.解释说明型：人物+理论原因+结果概念+定义直接对应型题目解题步骤：⏹用事物回文章中定位并且标注，可以把首字母缩写在事物边⏹扫描几个特点，分析特点与特点之间的相互关联及区别，划出KW⏹带着KW回文章定位处寻找对应词，对应词通常是KW的同意词⏹注意事项：1.一定要回文章寻找对应关系，切忌表面肤浅联系2.每个特点最大选择次数是3次⏹KW很有可能是：•数字•以大写/斜体/括号和引号等形式出现的概念•百分比意义解释型题目解题步骤：⏹人物+理论：1.回原文中定位人名，顺带看下人物身份2.细读理论，分析句子结构，弄清句子的重点，划出KW3.回文中人名定位处，带着KW扫描人名后的句子(引言或宾语从句)，寻找KW的对应词⏹注意事项：人名+理论题的答案方向一般在由固定动词所引导的宾语从句中.⏹固定动词：suppose / believe / argue / note /suggest/say or said / find or find out / comment / agree / observe / state / notice / allege / imply/ conclude / surmise / hold / appear to / point out / remark / discover / propose⏹原因+结果文章中应加以注意的因果关系连词：因：due to / thanks to / be attributed to/owing to / because / because of / on account of / since / result from果：lead (up) to / give rise to / result in/as a result / consequently / hence /thus / in effect / therefore三．Summary (摘要题)⏹特点及分类：•泛读型题型•全文摘要(Summary + WB)部分段落摘要(ONLY Summary)•一般每月考2-3次，一次通常考1组，1组5题左右全文摘要的解题步骤(S+WB)：⏹一般原文可略去不看⏹仔细研究WB,重点关注每个单词的后缀，标注它们的词性及相关可能的汉语意思⏹仔细研究Summary小段落，按照基础语法分析出每个空格处的词性，并予以标注⏹把WB单词按词性合并同类项，并分别列于相同词性的小括号旁⏹按照传统完型填空去解题(上下文是关键)⏹填空完毕后再次通读Summary，看整段内容是否通顺并进行微调⏹注意事项(S+WB):•大题内部各小题间有顺序并且在原文中重现•观察WB中是否包含有同根异性词，其中之一为答案a.拥有相同词根不同词缀的词b.反义词•重点关注题目要求，确定在答题卡上是写单词本身还是写单词所对应的字母⏹名词判断依据：前面是否有冠词/形容词/介词是否有复数标志/所有格标志词缀⏹动词判断依据：前面是否有助动词后面是否有名词是否有第三人称单数标志/过去时标志词缀形容词及副词词缀：⏹-able可…的 -ible…的 -ile…的 -ous…的 -ic..的 -ical…的 -ive…的-some像…的 -like像…的 -ly像…地–ish…的 -ary…的 -ory…的–fic…的名词词缀：⏹-ism主义，语言 -ation行为，情况–ure行为-tion行为，情况 -ment行为，物，机构-acy性质，状态 -itude情况，性质–ry行为-hood时期，情况–ship情况，关系-ness性质，情况–age总称，费用，行为-ity情况，性质 -ance情况，状态–ence性质-er人，物 -ar人，物 -ary场所,人物–or人，物-ent人，物 -ant人，物 -ist人 -ian人，语言动词词缀：⏹-en做，使 -ate做，使 -ize…化,使变成 -fy…化，做部分段落摘要的解题步骤(S)：⏹仔细读题目要求，看是否给出Summary在原文中的对应出处⏹如果题目中没有给出Summary的对应出处，应重点去研读Summary段落的首句及尾句，尝试找出它们在原文中的出处，通常对应原文某段落的首句或尾句⏹仔细研究Summary小段落，按照基础语法分析每个空格的词性并予以标注(空前空后词-Nutcracker帮助分析)⏹重点研读每个小空格之前之后的词(Nutcracker)，并到原文相关段落中寻找它们的对应词⏹重点研读对应词所在的原文句子，并在其中寻找与空格词性相同的词，该词即为答案⏹填空完毕后再次通读Summary，看整体意思是否通顺，并进行微调⏹补充说明(S)：关于Nutcracker：•人名/数字/时间/百分比/地点/专有名词/金钱符号/特殊印刷体及标点符号为最好的Nutcracker•Most引导的最高级一般不会变化•状语一般不会变化•动词一般不会变化•主动语态一般会和被动语态互换⏹注意事项：•顺序性原则是解题的关键•对于某些不好定位的空，可以使用隔句原则解题•要注意题目要求中所限定的答案字数•答案只能是原文中连续出现的几个字，不能改变他们的次序•要重点关注相关段落的首尾句及转折连词后的句子•对于该题型每次考试中至少有1个空应该填写比较生僻的词•有时对于个别空可以轻微或适当改变答案(主动被动互相转换/名词单复数/动词原形及动词第三人称单数之间转换)四．True/False/Not Given(判断题)⏹特点：1.T/F/NG题重点考查事实2.Y/N/NG题重点考查观点3.各小题间有顺序4.一段一个按顺序5.每题都有对应点⏹解题三大原则：1.不逐字翻译=不死抠字眼2.不钻牛角尖3.不用过于专业的背景知识解题步骤：⏹大致扫描T/F/NG题的数量，初步了解题目难度系数，并注意标注出那些带有时间/数字/大写字母的题(定位向导)⏹从刚才标注的题下手，确定其在文章中的位置，然后定位其他题⏹细读题目，可划关键词，准确翻译，并且与文章中对应的语句进行比较，判断解题关于True:⏹题目和原文在含义，用词，结构上均一致；题目的核心与原文相关处的核心成AA重现⏹题目的核心是针对原文相关处的核心内容的同义表达；两者间通常使用同义词，同义结构及双重否定结构(题目与原文核心AB重现)⏹*题目的核心内容是根据原文中数句话的精神推断或归纳而成.当发现题目中没有人名/地名/时间/数字/年代/黑体或斜体/专有名词等定位工具时，该题首选True⏹可能性词=Truepossible/probable/likely/may /might/maybe/seemingly/somewhat /apparently/presumably/seem to/appear to/tend towards/lean towards/not all/not always/not necessarily/ chances orodds are that/ would/could/can/be likely to/almost/ a degree of/occasionally关于False：⏹题目中的内容与原文相关处有明显或不明显的矛盾(反义词/否定含义)⏹*当题目中包含有绝对词含义时，答案为False.①形容词/副词最高级:best②否定词:no/not/nothing/none/never/no longer/not any more/by no means…③单一词:only/single one/unique/sole/ onlyone/ solely/ single / merely / barely / exclusively④其他:all/always/any/must/unarguably/impossible/absolutely/definitely/invariablyirrefutably/assuredly/indisputably/certainlyundeniably/inevitably/without question/out of question⏹*当题目中使用了与原文中完全不同的时态时，该题为False.⏹*当题目中出现了表示不同范围/频率的副词时，该题为False.•范围副词:none/few or little/ a few or a little or several/some/many or much or major or majority/ most or a lot of or a plenty of or a great of or lots of or a great number of or a great deal of/all/•频率副词:usually or always/often/ sometimes/ seldom or hardly or ever or rarely/never⏹当题目核心内容在原文相关处出现AA重现时，要重点浏览原文相关处附近的句子：①原文相关处附近有比喻精神时，则题目与原文之间为False关系②原文相关处附近没有比喻精神时，则题目与原文之间为True关系⏹当题目核心内容在原文相关处出现AA重现时，要浏览原文相关处附近的句子：①原文相关处附近有条件状语从句时，则题目与原文为False关系②原文相关处附近没有条件状语从句时，则题目与原文为True关系except for or but for/if/whether/with/unless/if not/for可引导条件状语从句⏹数字为KW时，答案一般为False，特别注意mainly及largelye.g.原文：Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia.题目： Four thousand species of dung beetle were initially brought to Australia by the CSIRO.⏹题目核心是专有名词，原文相关处也有专有名词，此题一般为FALSE.⏹‘already’+完成时=FALSE关于Not Given:⏹题目中的某些核心内容在原文中没有提及；或题目中的核心内容没有在原文相关段落中集中出现(平行线法则)⏹** 原文和题目核心为单一概念时，①题目中所涉及的范围小于原文所涉及的范围，答案为NG(原文大，题目小)②题目中所涉及的范围大于原文所涉及的范围，答案为True(原文小，题目大)**原文与题目核心为多个条件并存时：①题目中所涉及的范围小于原文所涉及的范围，答案为True(原文大，题目小)②题目中所涉及的范围大于原文所涉及的范围，答案为NG(原文小，题目大)⏹*原文和题目之间一方为主观概念，一方为客观事实，主观客观没有可比性，有时间就读原文，没时间就直接选Not Given常见主观词：love/hate/like or dislike/want/hope/wish/believe/promise/aim/purpose/swear/vow/pledge/resolve⏹*当题目中有比较级，原文相关处也有比较级，题目与原文的比较内容及比较点均一致时，答案为TRUE.当题目中有比较级，原文相关处没有比较级，答案为Not Given.金钱与外表相比较或男女差异的比较一定要注意.补充说明：⏹在实战考试中所有答案都会出现(建议先定F,再定NG,最后选T)⏹答题卡上答案要写全称⏹在实战考试中NG的概率最低(5个中最多有1个，7个中最多2个)⏹要注意题目要求答什么，Y/N/NG还是T/F/NG五．List of Headings(小标题题)⏹特点：1.泛读题型2.出现在文章前部3.选项都是主旨句4.1:1 V.S. 2:15.该题型为乱序题型⏹解题前：1.去掉例子中已经用过的heading2.注意试卷上可以做标记3.答案直接写在答题纸上⏹解题中1.通读所有的Headings并划目标点或核心意思(Key Words)2.扫描段落首尾句，寻找主题句.划主题句的目标点或KW.•返回Headings栏，寻找对应的Headings,注意原词重现/同义词替换/词性变化•如果没有，则再次返回浏览段落•段落比较短，浏览全段•段落比较长，则细读首尾二句，扫读其余句.Key Words可能为：与主题相关的：⏹概念性名词=独特名词⏹独特动词⏹独特的形容词+副词⏹主题句有可能是：1.段落的首句或尾句：P.S 如果首尾句是疑问句或都是描述性语句，要找到其后的论点句作为标题选择的重要依据2.定义句型：A is defined as…/ is known as…A is …A is called…The definition of ANamely / That is… / This is…3.段落中的例子及其引导句for example / for instance / such as/like/ to illustrate / specifically4.阅读整个段落把握中心思想注意：•转折连词：yet, but ,however，nevertheless等•顺承词：first, second, next, then, in addition, moreover, furthermore, besides , not only…but also…等•因果搭配:result in, result from, derive from,stem from, thus等⏹补充说明：1.LH解题时首选首尾句，次为高频词/数字/时间/转折连词/专有名词2.首尾句中出现了review/indicate/show/suggest/find or find out/ conclude，则答案紧随其后3.Twins选项必有一个是答案(两个Headings形式相同或互成反义选项)4.对应首段的标志：definition / concept / essence /introduction / explanation / overview/conception / view / main idea / demonstration / orientation / cause/ initiation…+文章Topic5.对应尾段的标志：effect (affect) / conclusion / result /consequence / future / influence/ impact / prediction / perspective /outlook/prospect…+文章Topic6.特殊词帮助定位：•含有rate / ratio / proportion / percentage等词的Headings往往对应%较多的段落•含有number / figure / amount statistical / demographics等词的Headings 往往对应数字集中的段落•含有financial / business / income / revenue / salary / wage / sell/ dealing/ purchase/ commercial等词的Headings往往对应￥$符号多的段落•含有time/period等词的Headings往往对应时间集中的段落常用连词补充：⏹Sequence:firstly / initially / to begin with / then / at the beginning / next / earlier /later / after this / after that / following this / following that / afterwards / in the end / finally / at last⏹Cause & Consequence:as a result / thus / so / therefore / hence / it follows that / thereby / eventually / in that case / since / as / because or because of / owing to / the reason why / cause / lead to六．Multiple Choice（选择题）特点：⏹传统题型；各小题间有顺序⏹多选多题型较为简单：•正确答案的数目是已知的•答案通常在原文一个段落集中出现，找到其中一个答案方向，其余答案就在其前后不远处•答案没有在某段集中出现时，其相关答案之前通常有重要的数字提示词：first/second/last/next/firstly/secondly/finally/a little later⏹四选一通常每月1次，1次考1组，每次3题左右⏹多选多通常每2.5-3个月出现解题步骤：⏹读题目划关键词，尝试找出它与原文某段话的对应关系；如题目关键词难以定位，被选项的关键词也可用来定位⏹快速扫描原文相关段落的相关处，寻找与题目关键词的对应词，确定答案技巧补充：⏹四选一，如果四个被选项中有一个选项包含both…and…/all of the above，其做为正确答案的可能性较大⏹如果其中一个被选项包含科学性词时,该选项为正确答案可能性比较大(could/might/may be/seem/properly)⏹如果某选项与原文相关处看上去特别一致，该选项为正确答案可能性不大(偷换概念)⏹包含比较级的选项，90%不是答案⏹Twins选项必有一个为正确答案⏹包含‘change’一词的选项，很有可能为正确答案七．Sentence Completion(完成句子 )特点：⏹各小题间有顺序且在原文中重现⏹每个题目都是一个陈述句，但留有1或2个空，要求按原文填空⏹绝大多数题目要求有答案字数限制⏹少数题目无字数限制，但答案不会长，通常不超过四个单词⏹题目中的关键词有时与原文中相对应的词对应不明显⏹A类：通常每次必考，1次考1组，1组3题左右（G类为两次考1次）解题步骤：⏹读题目并划关键词⏹利用空前空后的词推断空格中所要填的词的词性⏹通过关键词回原文寻找包含关键词对应词的段落，甚至是句子⏹快速阅读已经定位的地方，利用题目中的其他关键词来确定答案注意事项：⏹所填答案必须符合语法e.g. IELTS 3 P22 Q22-24⏹绝大多数答案为原文原词，并且为连续的几个词⏹答案绝大多数为名词或名词短语，少数答案为形容词或副词短语⏹注意并利用顺序性来解题原文:In addition to basic residence fees, most universities make minor additional fees, damage deposits, and power charges.题目:As well as the basic college residence fees, additional charges are usually made,but are describes as__________________Key: Minor难：题目中的定位词和原文中的对应不明显．八．Short Answers（简答题）特点：⏹该题型各小题间有顺序，并且此顺序通常在原文中重现⏹题目为特殊问句，需根据原文回答⏹绝大多数题目要求有答案字数限制⏹如没有字数限制，答案不会很长，一般不超过4个词⏹通常答案为词或短语，极少数为句子⏹一般为每次必考题，1次考1组，1组3道题左右解题步骤：⏹读题目,划关键词(年代/人名/地名/数字/专有名词特别注意)并回原文寻找包含关键词对应词的段落⏹快速阅读已经定位的段落，利用题目中其余词确定正确答案补充说明：⏹答案要对应题目中的特殊疑问词，绝大部分答案为名词或名词短语，少数答案为动词或形容词短语⏹答案不用大写，专有名词除外⏹绝大部分答案为原文原词，极少数答案需自己填写⏹原文：if your iron produces droplets of water instead of giving off steam,your temperature control is set too low.问题：What should you do if your iron starts to drip water?Answer: set temperature high/higher; increase the temperature; turn up temperature⏹答案涉及数字，最好写阿拉伯数字并且一般有简单的四则运算，通常为加减法⏹答案涉及钱币的，数字前一定要有货币符号，数字后可能有单位⏹原文中发现答案后，应向前和向后读1-2句，看有无重大改变(转折词)⏹原文：Your iron is designed to function using tap water. However, it willlast longer, if you use of distilled water.题目：What sort of water are you advised to use?Answer: distilled water⏹满足字数限制的方法：保留核心词，去掉修饰词，如：•冠词：a / an / the•副词•形容词或分词•可将A of B改为BA (A&B为名词)e.g type of fabric变为fabric type⏹原文：…the amount of steam being given off depending upon the type of fabricbeing ironed.题目：What factor makes you decide on the quantity of steam to use?如果NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS?九．Diagram/Flowchart/Table Completion(填图填表题)特点：⏹各小题间有顺序并在原文中重现⏹题目由一个图表或表格组成,图表或表格中留有空格，需根据原文填空，一般没有选项可供选择⏹所填内容五花八门(时间,事件及人物/数字及排位/物体的构成及功能/流程图/抽象名词)⏹通常每次必考，一般5题左右解题步骤：⏹读题目划关键词(时间,数字尤为重要)⏹回原文寻找关键词的对应词⏹仔细阅读关键词所在的句子，确定正确答案注意事项：⏹题目要求中是否有答案字数限制⏹绝大多数的答案为原文原词，并且是连续的几个词⏹所填内容虽然总类较多，但通常比较容易定位或集中出现于原文中的某一段⏹顺序性帮助解题⏹不在于认识词，而在于认识关系⏹此题型应快速答题⏹并列关系≈类比关系并列：A and/or/as well as Btoo, also,one, the othernot…nor…both A and Beither A or B类比：as…as…the same…as…likesimilarly⏹转折关系≈对比关系转折:but, however, yet, on the other hand, whereas, nevertheless, although, while, despite…对比:more… than….less…than…,in contrast with,by contrast, be opposed/opposite to…，At first glance…，A closer inspection…⏹顺承关系: in addition, additionally, moreover,furthermore (而且),what ismore, besides, not only…but also…⏹因果关系:contribute to 导致，引起 be attributed to 被归因于 result in 导致 result from 由于(更多见原因+结果的Matching)举例子:for example, e.g. for instance, such as, namely…练习：⏹Table CompletionIETLS 4 P25 Q15-21⏹Flow ChartIETLS 5 P41 Q4-8⏹Picture NamingIELTS 5 P46 Q21-23。

剑桥雅思6阅读试题重点讲解TEST ONEReading Passage 1 Australia’s Sporting Success平行的顺序：1-7题单独看8 (C段) 9, 10 (D段) 11 (F段) 12 (E段) 13 (F段)颜老师重点点评:1.1-7题都比较好定位2.第6题里的funded对应A段里的underpin和finance3.第3题主要是通过看它和B段后半部分的对应，这里可能会误选C4.第8题要把camera看成前面所说的SWAN的一部分，所以为澳洲独有Reading Passage 2 Delivering the Goods平行的顺序：14-17单独看18(A段) 19(B段) 20(C段) 21(D段) 22(E段)23(从全文来看) 24(E段) 25(G段) 26(I段)颜老师重点点评:1.14-17题都比较好定位2.第22题NG的判断来源是E段3.23-26题要通过篇章中关键词在原文里的定位，如24题component和25题bulk cargo;4.26题定位在I段，这里可以采取排除法，fares没有tariff概括全面Reading Passage 3 Climate Change and the Inuit平行的顺序：27-32单独看33(C段L3) 34 35(C段L5) 36(C段倒数L2) 37(D段L2) 38(D段L4)39(D段L5) 40(D段倒数L2)颜老师重点点评:1.27-32题都比较好定位，干扰项也比较简单2.33-40题也要把握篇章里已经给出的信息的提示3.33题impossible对应原文out of the question4.40题因为后面讲的是expensive, 所以这里应该定位到原文里的$7,000,用importedTEST TWOReading Passage 1 Advantages of Public Transport平行的顺序：1－5 (单独平行，有明显提示)6 7(第1段) 11 8(第2段) 9 (第3段) 10 (第5段) 12 (第6段)13 (第A段)颜老师重点点评:该文1－5平行得非常清楚，6－10题出现得也非常集中，要善于把握; 11－13题原文分隔较远，但是地名定位非常明确；1.第3题干扰项可能为VIII，但是相比IV明确提到incomes的问题则逊色；2.第8题选择NG是老技巧概念(tram network)重现而关系(dangerous)不重现；3.11－13题配对干扰项很弱，答案较唯一，但注意11题里讲Perth拥有minimaltransport是说其不好Reading Passage 2 Greying Population Stays in the Pink平行的顺序：14(第1段) 15 (第2段) 16(第3段) 17 18(第4段) 19(第5段) 20(第6段) 21 22(第7段)23(第8段) 24(第9段) 25(第10段) 26(第11段)颜老师重点点评:该文实在算是大礼！！！平行不需要，定位也很明显，期望你在此文抢分！1.第17题可能会选C，但严格根据原文还是M-medicine更符合Reading Passage 3 Numeration平行的顺序：32 27 (第2段) 33 28 34 (第3段) 35 36 29 37(第4段) 38 30 (第5段) 39 31(第6段) 40 31(第7段)颜老师重点点评:该篇27－31题可以算是第2－7段的概括，而32－40都是细节题；虽然该篇题材有些深奥，但是总体上每题定位都很明确，27－31的干扰项也很弱；1.第27题对应第2段倒数第4行，尤其是题目里的necessary对应原文的paramount (very important之意)；2.第28题对应第3段倒数第1－3行，hand signal对应第4行的gestures;3.第29题对应第4段最后，尤其是civil role是witness in court的意译；4.第30题对应第5段全段到最后to arithmetic;5.第31题可以和第39题的解答互相提醒；6.36和40题的NG答案都符合概念重现而关系不重现；TEST THREEReading Passage 1平行的顺序：1－5 (单独平行，有明显提示)6 7 10 (C段) 11(D段) 8(E段) 12(H段) 9 (I段)13 (全文)颜老师重点点评:该文1－5平行得非常清楚，所有题目的定位也非常明确；4.第4题干扰项可能为F段，但是相比E段明确提及cultures则逊色；5.第7题注意原文只是说某人的观点，所以为NG；6.第8题选择NG是考察E段的整体含义，并无biased之义；7.第10题可以和第6题互相促进Reading Passage 2 Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions平行的顺序：14-18 (单独平行)19(THE CHALLENGE第1段) 20 21 (KEY POINT ONE) 22 25 (KEY POINT TWO) 23(KEY POINT THREE) 24(KEY POINT FIVE) 26 27(KEY POINT SIX)颜老师重点点评:把握小标题！该文关于人力资源管理，术语简单但是关系复杂，一定要把题目里的名词定位准确，而14-18及25-27题里的干扰项作用都很弱；2.第16，17，18题都谈到了reward的问题，FOUR的主题句在第2句(personalize对应选项里的match)，FIVE和SIX的都在第1句(contingent对应选项里的link;transparent对应选项里的fair);3.第21题题目里的teamwork和原文里的independent矛盾，故选N；4.第23题属于概念重现但是关系不重现，故选NG;5.第25题的定位在POINT TWO而不是ONE，这里主要抓原文里的internallymotivated和B选项里的external对应；Reading Passage 3 The Search for the Anti-aging Pill平行的顺序：28 29(第1段) 30 31 (第2段) 32 (第3段)34 36 33 35 (第6段) 37 (第5段)38 39 40(第8段)颜老师重点点评:该篇平行上没有任何难度，像做听力一样，所以虽然题材深奥，但也算是题目送出的大礼了，特别是38-40题，定位准确后解决起来则没有任何难度；7.第31题选择NG有通过第30和32题‘两边夹’的意味；8.第35题的答案对应的是第6段倒数第4行的however, 所以选择neither; TEST FOURReading Passage 1 Doctoring Sales平行的顺序：1－7 (单独平行，有明显提示)8(B段) 9 (C段) 10(D段) 11(E段) 12(F段) 13(G段)颜老师重点点评:该文平行的压力几乎没有，希望你珍惜，1-7题备选项都写得概括，有些存在干扰项，可以先试验性地解答8.第1题干扰项可能为ii，但是这里明显是在举例；9.第3题主要是通过该段最后一句得出10.第12题选择NG是考察drug samples的概念重现，关系不重现；Reading Passage 2 Do literate women make better mothers?平行的顺序：14-18 (Summary单独平行) 15(第1段) 17 18(第2段) 14(第3段) 16(第4段)19(第4段) 20(第5段) 21 23(第5,6段) 22 24(第6段) 26(第8段) 27(第9段)颜老师重点点评:该文平行开始有一定难度，但是在看到第5段起一定要能把14-18题限定在前4段，而这里干扰项都不算难；而25-26的平行还是比较明显的；另20-24集中在第6段，一定要能看清楚实验的不同对象，这些不同对象的特征，以及实验前后不同对象的变化；6.第14题对应第3段里的adults;7.第15和18题都可以猜，maternal指母亲方面的；8.第17题的定位可以借鉴题目里给出的attitude to children；9.第19题对应第4段，原文只是提到总数3,00, 所以局部1,000属于NG;10.第23题里的woman是84，虽然进步了但还是比5段里提到的80高，所以选N;11.第24题对应第6段最后一句，这里只有比较，所以表示程度的severely属于NG；malnutrition是mal(不好的，坏的)作前缀Reading Passage 3平行的顺序：27-30 (单独平行) 40 (单独平行)31 (A段) 32 (B段) 33 (C段) 34 (D段)35 (E1段1行) 36(E1段2行) 37 (E2段2行) 38 (E3段2行) 39 (E4段2行)颜老师重点点评:该篇平行上没有任何难度，像做听力一样，F段不需要看，而且题材也不深奥，干扰项也不太难，真算是题目送出的大礼了！！！9.第27-30题没有任何干扰项影响！！10.第31题可能对A段最后一个生词有疑惑，但是还是要判断出B选项最明显；recalcitrant这里和difficult同义；11.第33题C选项对应C段第一句话里的knowledge和help;12.第35题定位时候注意题目里produce对应原文develop;13.第36题定位时候注意题目里detailed对应原文explicit;14.第37题定位时候注意题目前面的through以及后面的useful;15.第38题定位时候注意题目后面的trained对应原文里的training;16.第39题定位时候注意题目里的recognize对应原文distinguish, 分辨;17.第40题选出来不难，这里前半部分crisis management对应A-D段，prevention对应E；G TEST ONE15-21注意可以多次使用选项16. 可能会误选A，但是注意A说的是学生来自不同的国家，而不是学校本身在这些国家有分校17. 对应every second yearReading Passage The Water Crisis平行的顺序：28-34单独平行35(A段第2行) 36(A段倒数第3行) 37(C段第2行) 38(E段第1行)39(F段第2行) 40(G段倒数第2行)颜老师重点点评:该文平行没有任何难度，尤其是摘要方面，十分分散，定位好第35题后即非常流畅，一定要加以利用；同时标题选择干扰项也不算多；12.第28题，A段全文没有明显主题句，主要这里要把握demand;13.第30题, C段主题句是第一句，这选项里some指的就是国家；14.第35题要注意把握全部摘要定位的开始，所以rising dramatically对应原文的upward trend,该题本身定位可以考虑people和increasingly对应原文citizens 和more;15.第36题题干里的global对应原文里的world;16.第37题题干里的recycling对应原文里的recycling;17.第38题定位比较遥远，主要是题干后面的used water对应原文里的used water;18.第39题题干里的environmental对应原文里的environment;19.第40题可能会误写agricultural yield, 但是题干里后面说的是suffered by manycountries, 所以要注意搭配，应该从原文后面找，故写water deficit, 这里主要是题干里的worsen和原文里的add to对应.G TEST TWO5. hotel对应G选项里的hospitality, 这里说的permanent实际上主要是为了和J选项里的casual区分12. 答案为T，因为学生们在半小时之上就可以了，题干里的45分钟属于半小时之上；15. 选项里的prioritize是个很好的词，是priority的动词形式，即:使…优先；这里选项是section B内容的最好概括；25. acknowledge, 承认；对应H段里的plagiarize为剽窃之意Reading Passage PTEROSAURS平行的顺序：28-34单独平行36 37(D段) 39(E段) 35(G段) 40(H段) 38(I段)颜老师重点点评:该文平行没有任何难度，35-40题的定位和解答都非常容易，问题主要在28-34的倒标题选择上，需要把握速读( 尤其是C, F,G段)，暂时的放弃和试验性的解答；20.第29题题干的意思是“被确认实际称为ptersaur的该种生物的鉴定”，这里creature和pterosaur之间省略了that/which；D段主要说的就是petersaur的命名过程，所以符合答案；21.第30题的干扰项可能是C段，但是F段更加明显地突出了conflicting theories的意思，比如第1句里的disagreement和中部的the competing argument; C段虽然也有controversy的说法，但是C段其实只说明了1种，即现在的观点，起的是和B段contrast的作用，所以C段不存在conflicting的问题；22.第34题的干扰项也可能是C，但是这里G段拥有更concrete的evidence, 而C段说的还主要是believe的情况;。

医药销售的英文表达
在商业领域，医药销售是一个非常重要的部门。

医药销售是指销售药品、医疗
器械和医疗设备的行为。

医药销售需要专业的知识和技能，以确保正确的产品销售到正确的客户手中。

在英语中，医药销售通常被称为Pharmaceutical Sales。

Pharmaceutical是药
品的意思，而Sales则是销售的意思，结合起来就是药品销售。

在医药销售领域，
销售人员通常被称为Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives，简称为PSRs。

Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives负责与医生、药房、医院和其他医疗机
构的专业人员合作，向他们推销药品和医疗设备。

他们需要具备一定的医药知识，了解产品的特性和用途，以便向客户传达产品的优势和适用范围。

在西方国家，医药销售通常受到严格的监管，销售人员需要遵守法律法规，确
保销售行为合法合规。

他们通常需要接受相关的培训和持续教育，以提升自己的销售技巧和产品知识。

医药销售在现代社会中扮演着至关重要的角色，它有助于促进医药行业的发展，推动医疗技术的进步，同时也为广大患者提供了更多更好的治疗选择。

因此，通过不懈的努力和专业的表现，医药销售人员可以为社会健康事业做出更大的贡献。

总结来说，医药销售是一个挑战性和有意义的职业领域，而在英语中，它的正
确表达为Pharmaceutical Sales。

希望本文的介绍能帮助大家更好地了解医药销售
这一职业，进一步拓展职业视野，提升职业技能。

本文总字数：238字。

Alternative Medicine in Australina 澳大利亚的另类疗法第一段：1.conservative adj.保守的；谨慎的2.orthodox adj.正统的；传统的3.alternative adj.另类的；二者择其一的4.prescribe v.开处方；开药5.therapy n.疗法；治疗6.herbal adj.草药的；草本植物的7.loath adj.厌恶的；不愿意的；勉强的第二段：1.disenchantment n.觉醒；清醒2.skeptical adj.怀疑的；好猜疑的3.empirically adv.以经验为依据地；经验主义地4.consultation n.咨询；会诊5.erode v.毁坏；削弱；损害第三段：1.resist v.抵抗；反抗2.criticize v.批评；批判3.practitioner n.从业者；开业者4.clientele n.客户；委托人第四段：1.exodus n.大批离去2.chronic adj.慢性的；长期的3.relief n.减轻；缓解4.relevant adj.有关的；相应的ment vi.评论；注释6.inadequacy n.不足；不充分7.holistic adj.整体主义的；全面的8.mainstream adj.主流的9.concur vi.同意；赞同10.impersonal adj.冷淡的；无感情的第五段：1.digestive adj.消化的；与消化有关的2.maintenance n.维护；保持3.respiratory adj.呼吸的；与呼吸有关的第六段：plementary adj. 互补的；补充的2.conventional adj. 常规的；传统的3.adjunct n. 附属物；辅助物How much higher? How much faster? 多高？多快？第一段：1.Athletic adj. 运动的2.steady adj. 稳固的，稳定的3.release n. &v. 释放，让渡4.sprint n. 短跑5.endurance n. 持久(力)，耐久(性)6.marathon n. 马拉松赛跑第二段：1.genetics n. 遗传学2.athlete n. 运动员3.methodology n. 方法学，方法论第三段1.plyometrics n. 增强式训练第四段1.interval n. 间隔，距离第五段1.nutrition n. 营养，营养学2.coach n. 教练3.mineral n. 矿物质第七段1.biomechanics n. 生物力学2.joint n. 关节第八段1.simulation n. 仿真，假装，模拟2.cushion n. 垫子，软垫第九段1.psychologist n. 心理学者The Problem of Scarce Resources 稀缺资源的问题A段1.allocate v. 分派，分配2.distribute v. 分发，分配3.consideration n. 体谅，考虑4.treatment n. 待遇，对待，处理5.priority n. 优先，优先权B段1.finitude n. 界限，限制2.resource n. 资源，财力3.provision n. 供应，规定4.severe adj. 严厉的，严格的5.invisible adj. 看不见的，无形的C段1.awareness n. 知道，晓得2.institution n. 公共机构，协会，制度3.liberty n. 自由，特权4.deprive v. 剥夺，使丧失D段1.confusion n. 混乱，混淆2.autonomy n. 自治E段1.obligation n. 义务，职责，债务2.demographic adj. 人口统计学的3.consumer n. 消费者Australia’s Sporting Success澳大利亚的体育成就A段1.rival n.竞争者，对手2.extensive adj.广泛的，涉及面广的3.underpin v.以……为稳固基础4.intensive adj.强化的5.nutritional adj.营养的B段1.collaborate v.合作2.squash n.壁球3.instrument n.仪器，器械C段1.output n.输出2.stroke n.划动，划水3.prototype n.原型4.profile n.原义为轮廓、外形，此处意为模型5.spine n.脊柱6.swivel v.旋转p n.一圈8.tweak v.扭，用力拉D段1.sensor n.传感器2.embed v.使插入；使嵌入3.sweat v.出汗，发汗4.immune-system 免疫系统的5.immunoglobulin n.免疫球蛋白6.saliva n.唾液E段1.championship n.冠军赛2.gear v.调整，(使)适合3.segment n.部分4.transform v.转换，转变，改变F段1.endurance n.耐力；忍耐力2.encompass v.包含或包括某事物3.replicate v.复制Greying Population Stays in the Pink老龄人口健康依旧第一段1.independent adj.独立的2.afflict v.折磨3.strike v.发病，发作第二段1.arthritis n.关节炎2.circulation n.循环3.proportion n.比例4.dementia n.痴呆5.stroke n.中风6.arteriosclerosis n.动脉硬化7.emphysema n.肺气肿第三段1.demographer n.人口统计学家第四段1.predecessor n.前辈第五段1.bronchitis n.支气管炎2.subject n.实验对象3.expose v.暴露第六段1.correlation n.关系2.uncover v.发现，揭示第七段1.assess v.评估2.calculate v.计算3.survey n.调查4.grey v.发生人口老化第八段1.reliance n.依赖2.massive adj.巨大的第九段1.maintain v.维持2.neuroscientist n.精神学家3.treadmill n.踏车4.neurotrophic adj.神经营养的5.hormone n.荷尔蒙6.neuron n.神经元7.deteriorate v.恶化第十段1.epidemiologist n.流行病学家2.simulation n.模拟第十一段1.drawback n.缺陷2.isolated adj.孤立的第十二段1.underestimate v.低估2.target n.目标The Search for the Anti-aging Pill 抗衰老药物第一段1.molecular n.分子2.cellular n.细胞3.vulnerability n.脆弱4.longevity n.寿命5.prolong v.延长第二段1.maximum adj.最大的2.intake n.摄入3.mortal n.凡人，人类4.regimen n.养生法5.mimic v.模仿6.physiological adj.生理的7.arteriosclerosis n.动脉硬化第三段1.lifespan n.寿命第四段1.replicate v.复制，重现2.hamster n.仓鼠3.creature n.生物4.rhesus n.恒河猴5.spider n.蜘蛛第五段1.pancreatic adj.胰腺的2.hormone n.激素，荷尔蒙3.insulin n.胰岛素第六段1.indicator n.指标2.glucose n.葡萄糖3.diabetes n.糖尿病4.chronic adj.慢性的5.elixir n.长生不老药pound n.化合物第七段1.toxic adj.有毒的2.dose n.剂量第八段1.interruption n.干扰2.emission n.释放3.scarce adj.稀少的4.mode n.模式Doctoring Sales 医药营销第一段1.pharmaceuticals n.制药业2.physician n.医师，内科医生第二段1.prescribe v.开(药)，处(方)第五段1.tablet n.药片；写字板，便笺2.recipient n.接受者第六段1.dispense v.分发，分配2.effective adj.有效的；给人印象深刻的第七段1.prescription n.处方，药方2.scrutinize v.细察How Does the Biological Clock Tick? 生物钟如何工作？A段1.lifespan n.寿命B段1.renew v. 更新，使更新2.dynamic adj. 动态的3.permanent adj. 永久的C段1.adaptation n. 适应2.immortality n. 永生，不朽D段1.nutrition n. 营养，营养学E段1.body mass 生物体F段1.prolong v. 延长2.hibernation n. 冬眠3.captivity n. 圈养，囚禁G段1.self-control n. 自我控制。