2022届上海市吴淞中学高三下学期3月英语周练卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.World's last male northern white rhino（犀牛）diesOn 20 March, 2018, the last remaining male northern white rhino on Earth, who was named Sudan, had been put down following months of poor health due to old age.Born in 1973, Sudan was transferred from (21) _________ is now South Sudan to Dvue Kralove Zoo in Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic) when he was aged two or three. In 2009 he moved again - to OI Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya, where it (22) _________ (hope) that the gentle giant would bread and ensure his species' survival. Elodie Sampere, a representative for OI Pejeta, described Sudan as "a gentle giant, his personality was just amazing and (23) _________ given his size, a lot of people were afraid of him, there was nothing mean about him."In 1960, about 2,000 northern white rhinos were estimated (24) _________ (move) about in Central Africa. However, years of fighting, habitat loss and poaching (illegal hunting and killing of wild animals) (25) _________ (drive) the northern white rhino to the very edge of extinction. Now, (26) _________ the passing of 45-year-old Sudan, there are just two northern white rhinos left in the whole world: his daughter, Najin, aged twenty-seven, and his granddaughter Fatu, who is seventeen. (27) _________ (live) in OI Pejeta Conservancy, they are well protected from poachers.The hope of preserving the northern white rhino now lies with scientists and (28) _________ ability to use Sudan's genetic material to artificially reproduce the animal. They plan to do this by combining the (29) _________ (store) frozen sperm（精子）cells of male northern white rhinos with eggs from Nanjin and Fatu. This will create what is known as an embryo, (30) _________ can be placed inside a female southern white rhino to allow the baby northern white rhino to grow.Paula Kahumbu, from the Wildlife Direct charity in Kenya, says, "We did not do enough to save this species. Now we must stand up and demand action to prevent the same thing happening to cheetah, elephants, black rhinos and giraffes."Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beThere are currently more than 500,000 pieces of space junk being tracked as they circle Earth. Space junk, or debris, consists of bits of metal, __31__ satellites and even a space station that is no longer in use, all of it circling the planet. Now this space station is about to fall to Earth.Tiangong-1 was China's first space station. It was __32__ in 2011, but the country lost contact with it in March 2016 and later that year, Chinese officials confirmed that the 3.5-metre-wide __33__ would return to Earth.At the moment, scientists don't know exactly where or when the space station will enter the planet's atmosphere, but believe it will be between 30 March and 2 April. There is no need to worry, though. While scientists can't say where it will land, there is very little __34__ that the space station will hit a populated area. This is because most of it will burn up in Earth's atmosphere - a(n) __35__ of gases that protect the planet. Also, because most of Earth is covered in water, scientists think that if there is any debris, it will fall __36__ into the sea.As the __37__ landing date gets closer, scientists will be able to determine where it will fall - if necessary - steps will be taken to keep people safe and __38__. A statement by Aerospace, a US company that advises the US government about space travel, said, "In the history of spaceflight, no known person has ever been harmed by __39__ space debris（残留物）."One thing scientists are confident of, though, is that wherever it enters the atmosphere, the debris will create a spectacular fireball for anyone __40__ enough to see it.III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Governments are keen on higher education, seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth. Almost all sub-sidise（补贴）tuition - in America, to the tune of $200 billion a year. But they tend to overestimate the benefits and __41__ the costs of expanding university education. As more young people seek degrees, the returns both to them and to governments are __42__.Spending on universities is usually __43__ by the "graduate premium" - the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates. These individual gains, the thinking goes,__44__ an economic boost for society as a whole. But the graduate premium is a faulty unit of calculation. Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate job-seeker an advantage__45__ non-graduates. It is also a signal to employers of general qualities, such as intelligence and diligence, that someone already has in order to get into a university. Some professions require qualifications. But a degree is not always the best __46__ of the skills and knowledge needed for a job. With degrees so __47__, employers are using them as a way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly __48__ decent work.In any case, the premium counts only the winners and not the losers. Across the rich world, a third of university students never graduate. It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education __49__ and who are most likely to drop out. They pay fees and __50__ earnings to study, but see little improvement in their future incomes. When dropouts are __51__, the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest students shrinks to almost nothing. Many school-leavers are being __52__ about the probable value of university.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options after school. They should start by rethinking their own __53__ practices. School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to gain vocation skills and to demonstrate their __54__. If school qualifications were made more difficult to get, employers would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability, and less __55__ degrees. "Micro-credentials" - short, work-focused courses approved by big employers infast-growing fields, such as IT - show promise.41. A. calculate B. cover C. ignore D. demonstrate42. A. truer B. lower C. fuller D. earlier43. A. supervised B. justified C. increased D. analysed44. A. add up to B. make up for C. put up with D. stand up against45. A. in terms of B. by means of C. to the degree of D. at the expense of46. A. adjustment B. extension C. awareness D. measure47. A. hard B. common C.. possible D. specific48. A. driven into B. hidden from C. locked out of D. taken up to49. A. remains B. shrinks C. expands D. functions50. A. sacrifice B. adapt C. withdraw D. relate51. A. surveyed B. neglected C. reduced D. included52. A. informed B. consulted C. misinterpreted D. misled53. A. operating B. accounting C. hiring D. trading54. A. .availability B. employ-ability C. sociability D. individuality55. A. insistent on B. surprised at C. curious about D. restricted to Section BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I wanted the pleasure of being in Africa again. Feeling that the place was so large it contained many untold tales and some hope and comedy and sweetness too, I aimed to reinsert myself in the bundy, as we used to call the bush, and to wander around. There I had lived and worked, happily, almost forty years ago, in the heart of the greenest continent.In those old undramatic days of my school teaching in the bundu, folks lived their lives on bush paths at the end of unpaved roads of red clay, in villages of grass-roofed huts. They had anew national flag, they had just gotten the vote, some had bikes, many talked about buying their first pair of shoes. They were hopeful, and so was I, a schoolteacher living near a settlement of mud-huts among trees and fields - children shouting at play; and women bent double - most with infants on their backs - hoeing（锄地）the corn beans; and the men sitting in the shade.The Swahili word safari means 'journey', it has nothing to do with animals, someone 'on safari' is just away and unobtainable and out of touch. Out of touch in Africa was where I wanted to be. The wish to disappear sends many travellers away. If you are thoroughly sick of being kept waiting at home or at work, travel is perfect: let other people wait for a change. Travel is a sort of revenge for having been put on hold, or having to leave messages on answering machines, not knowing your party's extension, being kept waiting all your working life. But also being kept waiting is the human condition.Travel in the African bush can also be a sort of revenge on mobile phones and email, on telephones and the daily paper, on the aspects of globalisation that allow anyone who chooses to get their hands on you. I desired to be unobtainable. I was going to Africa for the best of reasons - in a spirit of discover - simply to disappear, to light out, with a suggestion of I dare you to try to find me.Home had become a routine, and routine make time pass quickly. I was a sitting duck in this predictable routine: people knew when to call me, they knew when I would be at my desk. I was in such regular touch it was like having a job, a mode of life I hated .. I was sick of being called up and asked for favors, hit up for money. You stick around too long and people begin to impose their own deadlines on you.56. What did the writer expect from his journey?A. To have a variety of enjoyable experiences.B. To see how Africa had changed.C. To see impressive scenery.D. To meet some old friend.57. Forty years ago, how did the writer feel about the future of the country where he was living?A. Little was likely to change.B. Things were likely to improve.C. Women would do most of the work.D. People's expectations were too limited.58. In paragraph 3, what reason does the writer give for wanting to travel to Africa?A. He wanted a change of activity.B. He wanted people to be unable to contact him.C. His health was suffering from staying at home.D. He had been waiting to return to Africa for long.59. The writer says 'I was a sitting duck' in paragraph 5 to show that _________.A. he was boringB. he was easy to findC. he had a fixed lifestyleD. he was always lending money(B)The house style that dominated American housing during the 1880s and 1890s was known as Queen Anne, a curious name for an American style. The name was, in fact, a historical accident, originating with fashionable architects in Victorian England who coined it with apparently no reason other than its pleasing sound. The Queen Anne style was loosely based on structures built long before 1702, the beginning year of Queen Anne's reign（统治期）.A distinctive characteristic found in most Queen Anne houses is the unusual roof shape (illustrated in the picture on the right) - a steeply pitched, hipped central portion with protruding lower front and side extensions that end in gables. It is often possible to spot these distinctive roof forms from several blocks away. Another feature of this style is the detailing, shown in the wood board siding cut into fanciful decorative patterns of scallops, curves, diamonds, or triangles. Queen Anne houses are almost always asymmetrical（不对称的）. If you draw an imaginary line down the middle of one, you will see how different the right and left sides are, all the way from ground level to roof peak. A final characteristic is the inviting wraparound porch（门廊）that includes the front door area and then extends around to either the right or left side of the house.Queen Anne houses faded from fashion early in the twentieth century as the public's taste shifted toward the more modern Prairie and Craftsman style houses. Today, however, Queen Annehouses are favorite symbols of the past, painstakingly and lovingly restored by old-house buffs and reproduced by builders who give faithful attention to the distinctive shapes and detailing that were first popularized more than one hundred years ago.60. Why does the author use the word "curious" (in paragraph 1) in describing the name of an American style?A. The style was invented before Queen Anne's reign.B. The style was more popular in Victorian England.C. The name was accidentally misspelled.D. The name did not originate in America.61. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the Queen Anne style?A. It was not very popular.B. It had to be build in the city.C. It combined several other styles.D. It was elaborate and fancily decorated.62. According to passage, why did Queen Anne houses go out of style?A. People started moving to the suburbs.B. People came to see them as a symbol of the past.C. People were more interested in newer house styles.D. People could no longer afford to build such large houses.(C)What will the development of quantum computers（量子计算机）mean for our civilisations? Oh sure, better cryptography（密码方式）, "more powerful" processing, but bottom line, we just don't know ... yet.This phenomenon isn't unique to quantum computing, of course. It's something we see time and gain with all new world-changing technology. In some ways, it's how we can define a technology as world-changing: everyone agrees it's going to be hugely important, but nobody can predict exactly what impact it will have.The internet remains the classic example. Although invented in the 1960s, even by the late 1990s, the internet was still being dismissed as something that is fashionable but unlikely to last. Most commentators thought it nothing more than a curiosity.There's a famous 1999 interview between David Bowie and BBC journalist Jeremy Paxman. In it, Bowie predicts that the internet will change the nature of music, and remove the "barriers between creator and audience". The longer he spoke, the more Paxman said in anger that Bowie could possibly believe this about the internet.To be fair to Paxman, in 1999, internet at home meant accessing it over a modern. Concepts like WeChat and Netflix and more simply could not work over such limited bandwidth. But there were still some people who assumed that bandwidth would increase and that streaming music and video would be possible soon enough. They were laughed at.Oddly enough, as the dot-com boom intensified, many turned from doubters to hopeless optimists, and lost serious money building websites to deliver content that simply couldn't "fit" down the inter-tubes of the day.Then in the second decade of the 21st century: critical mass. Bandwidth increased massively. Forget showing a nice little video in your browser, today Nexflix can serve you a TV show in 4K, as long as you have 25Mbps connection.Quantum computing isn't a consumer technology, of course. It's a much bigger deal than that. Quantum computing is more like the invention of the transistor（电子晶体）. Sure, most people have heard of it, but few understand it. Actually, we don't even really understand it. But we're reasonably comfortable that when a lab has that many scanning electron microscopes, it must be doing something important, right?Quantum computing is still at the stage of "hit it with a hammer until it works". Sure the hammer is microscopic, and also a laser or magnetic field of some kind, but the point is we're going through the process of turning the idea into reality.Sooner than you think, though, qubit-based computers are going to get applied to stuff. What stuff? Like always, it will be super secret stuff first. Then it will reach the rest of us.This is how the world begins. Not with a bang, but with a lot of extremely hard work behind the scenes.63. What attitude did most people take towards the internet in the 1990s?A. Optimistic.B. Unconcerned.C. Doubtful.D. Defensive.64. The example of the internet is intended to illustrate that ________.A. it is hard to define what is world-changing technologyB. the internet was universally acknowledged as importantC. the influence of new technology is usually unpredictableD. the internet inspired many debates in the following years65. By "hit it with a hammer until it works", the writer means that quantum computing ________.A. has been questionedB. has been fully understoodC. hasn't been heard of beforeD. hasn't been applied to practice66. What can be concluded about new technology from the passage?A. Its development is a gradual process.B. Most is the brainchild of a scientist.C. Not all is accessible to the public.D. Its future is often a top secret.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.The internet already enables patients to seek online consultations when and where it suits them. Yet change demands a shift in emphasis, from providers to patients and from doctors to data. ________67________ Technologies such as the smartphone allow people to monitor their own health. The possibilities multiply when you add the crucial missing ingredients - access to your own treatment and also to provide data to help train medical programmes.________68________ One is better diagnosis. Someone worried about their heart can now buy a watch strap containing a medical grade monitor that will detect arrhythmias（心律失常）. Apps are trying to see if they can diagnose everything from skin cancer to Parkinson's disease. Research is under way to see whether sweat can be analysed for molecular biomarkers without the need for an invasive blood test.A second benefit lies in the management of complex diseases. Diabetes（糖尿病）apps can change the way patients cope, by monitoring blood-glucose levels and food intake, potentially reducing long-run harm such as blindness. Akili Interactive, a startup, plans to seek regulatory approval for a video game designed to stimulate an area of the brain implicated in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.________69________ Although health records are increasingly electronic, many still contain data that machines cannot read. This can lead to delays in treatment, or worse. Many of the 250,000 death in America owed to medical error each year can be traced to poorly arranged care. ________70________ On January 24th Apple laid out its plans to ask organisations to let patients use their smartphones to download their own medical records.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Change Is Needed In Youth SportsEverywhere you look, you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis bat. And these kids are getting younger and younger. Children can even compete on basketball, baseball, and volleyball teams starting at age nine. The youth soccer organization has teams for children asyoung as five. And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four, to prepare children for competition.It's true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of our national Olympic teams. But what about the others - the average kids? This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects.Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport. Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it. A survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children to concentrate on one sport. But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport - for fun.Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches. Children are not naturally competitive. In fact, a recent study by Paulo David found that most children don't even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old. Very young kids don't know why their parents are pushing them so hard.The third, the biggest, problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework, have fun, be with friends - in short, time to be kids. When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice, they often start to hate their chosen sport. Researchers found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competitive sports before the age of twelve quit before they turn eighteen. Many of them completely lose interest in sports. Excessive competition takes away all the enjoyment.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 对进口设备的禁令还未取消。
