读写任务概括.

英语读写任务写作的步骤英语读写任务写作的步骤二、概括原文观点：转述作者的论点，论据和结论；三、提出自己观点：赞成或反对，观点要鲜明，不能自相矛盾；四、论证自己观点：用事例论证自己的观点；五、得出结论：表示时间顺序的：First，later，next，then，finally，before，after，soon，previously，immediately，formerly原来，subsequently随后，meanwhile，presently目前，initially最初，ultimately最后，表示举例的：Forexample，forinstance，suchas，表示列举的'：And，firstly，second，third，last,another，next，finally，furthermore表示补充的：Also，inaddition，and，further，another，aswellas，besides，too，either，表示比较或反差的：比较类like，likewise，similarly，as，atthesametime，aswellas，incomparison，both，all反差类ontheotherhand，incontrast，however，but，inspiteof，despite，nevertheless，onthecontrary，instead，rather，though，yet，regardless，although，unlike，eventhough，whereas，表示强调的：Importanttonote，most，aboveall，especiallyvaluable，acentralissue，especiallyrelevant，shouldbenoted，themostsubstantialissue，rememberthat，amajorevent，theprincipalitem，payparticularattentionto，thechieffactor，mostofall，asignificantfactor，aprimaryconcern，akeyfeature，themainvalue，。

读写任务概要（summary）写作指导30字概要的基本四大技巧：Skill1: Omit (省略) the details Skill2: Omit the examplesSkill3: Use general(概括性) words instead of specific(具体的) wordsSkill4: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech (间接引语，第三人称)第一类：记叙文（1）记叙文的概要, 一般包括记叙文的六个要素(who; when; where; what; how; why), 也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。

当然, 不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要素,但“某人做了某事, 结果如何”是应当包括的。

因此, 要写好概要, 需找到以下两个问题的答案：1）谁做了什么？(who did what)2）结果如何？(what was the result)☆特别提醒：如果是夹叙夹议的文章，还要找主题句或利用“写作内容”给出的提示，写出故事给我们的启示、教育或其中的一个道理。

（2）记叙文概要的参考模版：The story is about …, from which (启示）......The passage mainly tells us that …, which shows that（启示）......The author thinks / points out / tells us / holds the view that …, through w hich（启示）......According to the article, we know that …We can see from the text …As can be seen from the text, …[例文]阅读下面短文, 然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

读写任务解题方法一、确定标题不管好坏，一定要有标题，标题是文章的点睛之处。

根据所给材料和所规定的论题或要点确立自己论述的内容或观点后进行命题。

命题要体现真篇文章议论的中心。

如：Opinions towards Fast Food/ Is Failure a Bad Thing?/Learn from Mistakes等。

二、进行概括概括文章要点，语言要精炼，概括要全面，行文要连贯，表达要准确。

议论文则用自己的话表达论点、论据和结论。

概括常用的句式有：1.This article deals with/discusses/analyzes/strongly emphasizes…2.This article not only describes …but also suggests…3.This article compares…and summarizes key findings…4.This articles gives an account of/provides an analysis of/providesa method of…5.The article reports the last information on…6.The problem of sth. Is discussed…7.This articles shows/tells us that…8.The author finds it necessary to…9.The author holds the idea that…giving it an example of sb.who…10.The author strongly emphasizes the benefits of getting up earlysuch as…三、自然过渡写完概括后，用句恰当的过渡语引出自己的观点（反对或赞成）。

过渡语起承上启下的作用，使文章显得自然、连贯。

读写任务作文之如何写概括“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景，同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。

概括的标准：抛弃次要，瞄准写作目的。

概括的步骤：1.确定主题句。

2.寻找关键词。

3.重构主题句。

4.重组支撑句。

概括的形式：主题句+支撑句议论文：文章论点（一句）+文章论据（两三句）记叙文：故事的写作目的\主题（一句）+故事大意（两三句）说明文：说明的对象\观点\现象+解释\分述评分细则：1.完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，0分。

2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，1分。

3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原文词序的，2分。

4.创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，3分。

5.结构、用词、词性变化比较好的，4-5分。

概括的具体写法1.定时态。

2.定人称。

3.定技巧。

Skill 1: Omit the details.Skill 2: Omit the repetitions.Skill 3: Omit the examples.Skill 4: Use general words instead of specific words.Skill 5: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.概括为：She brought home a lot of books to read during the vacation.His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.概括为：He was very brave in battle.He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.概括为：He was in financial difficulties.概括中常用的句式或模板1.议论文The essay\passage\author highlights the importance of encouragement for students.The essay\passage\author discusses the impact of email.The essay\passage\author compares friendship with the comfort of home.The essay\passage\author outlines the harmful effects of smoking.The essay\passage\author argues in support of..., stating that...The passage highlights the importance...2.记叙文点明写作目的：The writer tells us...（主题）by showing us an example of..., who\which...（故事情节）作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth., which...他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sb’s experience of doing sth...The passage is a story about...3.说明文现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon...（主题）, which...（补充解释）利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages\benefits of A and B. A...while B...研究显示类：The study reveals that...4.通用型According to the passage, we know...This article is mainly about...As can be learnt form the passage, ...。

读写任务的概括PartⅠ基本步骤方法和技巧第一，阅读全文，了解文章大意，理解作者的写作意图和主要观点。

1.通读全文，了解文章的体裁。

2.注意文章的写作结构。

如议论文多用比较来论述某个观点，历史故事文则多用叙述的方式。

3．注意审题，看准要求是对整篇文章进行概括还是就某部份内容进行概括。

是以读者的身份进行概括，还是以当事人的身份进行概括，这决定着我们要以什么样的人称来写。

第二，正确找出文章的主旨大意。

1.一定要注意文章是否有题目，因为一篇文章的题目就是对整篇文章中心内容的最简练的归纳，是文章的精华、中心。

2.阅读完后用一句话写出文章的主旨大意。

这里我们要注意文章里一些概括性句子。

每篇文章都有其写作意图，在文章中，尤其在第一段或最后一段，作者都会对其进行总结，所以我们要注意段落里一些起概括性句子（主题句）。

文章的主题句往往出现在首段或末段，或各个段落的首句末句，然具体情况却不能一概而论。

以下是常见文体的主题句及主要内容的概括的方法和技巧。

▲▲（1）记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who)，做了什么事(what),结果怎么样(how)等五要素。

其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。

若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。

①叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。

叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。

②写人的记叙文（Description）。

写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。

（2）议论文（Argumentation）。

找出议论文的三要素，即论点、论据和结论。

其关键是找出主题句或结论句。

而这种文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。

因此，我们通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找论点。

读写任务中的概要写作三招读写任务中的概要写作部分既考查了考生快速阅读,获取信息的能力,也考查了考生对所获取信息的加工与概括能力。

概要既是对前半部读的总结,又是对后半部写作话题的引入,其作用不可小觑。

因此,高考英语写作备考过程中,“概要写作”要尤其加强,应作为其中重要的一环。

现笔者结合自己的教学经验,谈谈如何进行概要写作。

一、掌握主要文体概要写作的基本框架,使概要有款有型概要写作首先要掌握各种文体的写作特点和框架。

如: 记叙文:5个W (what/who/when/where/why/how)议论文:opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons)说明文:①phenomenon / problem / + reason + solution (cause and effect) ②introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)新闻:focus on the first paragraph and the first sentence and the last sentence of other paragraphs如2009年高考的读写任务所给的文章是篇说明文。

根据说明文的框架结构,考生很容易就在文章中找到文中需要概括的几个要点:现象:Koala生气;原因:koalas are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep; they can be hugged and photographed by tourists;结果:the government is now moving to make the practice illegal考生根据上述要点就可以顺利写出概要了。

读写任务-概括指导(2) 意义 (夹叙夹议)范文一:① Three brothers, who worked for the same company, received different wages谁身份做什么due to their different attitudes towards their work, which shows a right attitude is of great help原因意义to one’s life.范文二：① Patti, at the age of 5, lost her speaking ability due to the wrong medicine. ②However, 谁做什么her mother didn’t give up and with the teacher’s help, she overcame many difficulties and finally转折结果learned to speak Spanish and other languages.【针对性训练一】Hi, everyone. This is Jane. I have a problem and don’t know what to do. So I need your help! This morning I was ready to review my lessons with my computer in my dormitory, and then Mary, my roommate and best friend, came back with a laptop. She wanted to use my connector, and I did as she asked.After a while, she took away my headset and opened her laptop. Afterwards she connected to the Internet with my connector. Then something unexpected happened. She used the audio player with the loudspeaker. She entered her QQ Zone and started using the video system to chat with my microphone. Sounds of music, QQ and their talking became louder and louder. She completely ignored that I was there reviewing my lessons.I could not bear that, so I asked her to be quiet a little, but I failed. At last I had to go away to the classroom. On the way I became angrier and angrier because she was using my things, but never thought about my feeling. She drove me out. I am very sad. Am I her friend? Should I stop our friendship?[写作内容]1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

专题复习——读写任务的概括Florence Chadwick was a great swimmer. However, not all of her efforts worked out. In addition to working hard, she had a secret for success. At the age of 34, her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina Island to the California coast. However, in 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense that she could hardly see her support boats. Her body was numb(麻木) and she had been swimming for nearly 16 hours. Against the cold grip of the sea, she struggled on—hour after hour—while millions watched on national television. Alongside Florence, in one of the boats, her mother and her trainer offered encouragement. They told her it wasn’t much farther. But all she could see was fog. They urged her not to quit. She never had…until then. With only a half mile to go, she asked to be pulled out. Still warming her chilled body several hours later, she told a reporter, “Look, I’m not excusing myself, but if I could have seen land I might have made it.”It was not tiredness or even the cold water that defeated her. It was the fog. She was unable to see her goal. Two months later, she tried again. Despite the same dense fog, she swam with her faith intact（未受影响的）and her goal clearly pictured in her mind. She knew that somewhere behind that fog was land and this time she made it!【写作内容】以约30个词概括短文的要点。

高中英语读写任务专题突破---概括S ummary读写任务的写作内容一般分为两个部分, 即写作内容1为概括短文要点, 还有写作内容2 则是就某个主题发表看法。

然而, 绝大部分的考生会忽略了写作内容2对写作内容1的导航作用, 而一头扎进了阅读材料直接去阅读文章得出要点。

事实上, 所谓“读写任务”其实是“读”和“写”的有机结合, “读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景, 同样, “写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。

因此在概括文章时, 可考虑命题人提供的写作内容2的导航作用, 因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。

一、概括的标准: 抛弃次要, 瞄准写作目的。

标准的概括一般第一句话是主题句, 清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的, 这句话的质量决定了概括的成败。

后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑, 凡是意义在主题之外的要毫不吝啬地予以删除。

二、概括的写作步骤:1.确定主题句。

确定阅读文章的主题句, 一般在段首。

没有主题句的需要自己组合。

2.寻找关键词。

分析主题句意义, 确定关键词, 关键词一般体现为名词、形容词, 关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。

3.重构主题句。

概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。

可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。

4.重组支撑句。

支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。

口诀：缩长见短, 省却细腻。

四、写概括的具体方法1.写概括的步骤A.定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时, 那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的, 那么基本时态用现在时；不过, 模板的开头语一般为现在时如The passagetells us that----- - --.B.定人称: 一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。

（特殊如书信的, 可能会使用第一、二人称；）C.定技巧：结合相关技巧, 重新组句。

1)Use words of similar meanings同义替换法I didn’t catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.I didn’t catch any fish_________ I was not patient.2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence正话反说法Yo.wil.fail..Yo.wil.____________.3)Change the part of speech词性转换法Patienc.i.ver.important.Patienc.i.o. ____________________..4)Change the structure of a sentence句式变化法语态变换: Parents should give children more praise.→Children should ________ more praise.简单句变复合句:Childre.shoul.b.encourage.more.Thi.wil.hel.the.lear.faster.Children should be encouraged more, _______ will help them learn faster..5)Use the shortest possible transitions连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词, 如but, and, so, while, however, then, yet, for, therefore, thus, including, instead of 等。

英语任务型读写常用的概括性词汇及经典取代一、常用概括性词汇归纳：原因和结果：reason (for) , result; cause (of) , effect; consequence异同点与优缺点：difference , similarity；advantage/benefit/strengths , disadvantage, /weaknesses/drawback/shortcomings功能：function数字/数据：data, figure, statistics观点与态度：opinion , view (on/about) , viewpoint , idea ；attitude to/towards评论、评价：comment (on) , remark (on/upon) , assessment ,evaluation表方式、方法：means , way , method (of) ; solution , approach ( to doing sth. ); take measures to do sth, solution, manner,目的：purpose , aim , goal ,intention, target积极和消极：positive ,negative; optimistic建议：advice [u] ,proposal, suggestion , tip概括、总结: summary , conclusion特点：feature , characteristic, personality,种类：kind , type , category , class精神上与身体上：mentally ，physically影响: influence , impact , effect (on ) 情形，状况: situation，condition, case 建立：build , create , establish , found出现：appear ,occur(red)实现，完成：reach , realize , accomplish必要，必需: must /necessity方面，项目条款：item / aspect材料: materials知识消息：knowledge / information日程计划: schedule / agenda百分比：percentage性别:sex年龄: age满意:satisfaction 忧虑，担忧，焦急: concern(不)熟悉:familiar /unfamiliar个人，个人的: individual,personal细节:description , detail文化: culture责任：(take) responsibility贡献: (make) contributions to成就achievement重要: value importance significance比较: contrast comparison时期: period / time存在: existence exist花费: cost / expense人口: population天气与气候: weather[u] / climate [c]位置place,situation, location种类type, kind/sort/species/variety/category 主题: theme,topic,subject背景: setting，background情节: plot高潮: climax结尾:ending反对者与支持者：supporter , opponent定义：definition介绍/导入：introduction描述：description,Age,process,origin,history,develop ment,sex,time,event,facts,二、常用的经典替代1.100 years = 1 century = 10 decades2. two decades= 20 years3. fortnight=two weeks4. take advantage of = make use of5. parental attention = with the help / aid / assistance of parents6. oppose the move = be against the move = object to = disagree with7. consider … = take … into consideration / account8.. at the beginning = at first9. be responsible for = take / shoulder / bear responsibility for10. since the beginning of human evolution =throughout human history11. in search of better job opportunities. = seeking a better job. / searching /looking /hunt for a better job.12. housing-related reasons = reasons related / linked/relevant to / connected with housing 13. take an active part in = take part in sth. actively14. encourage participation in quiet activities = encourage children to participate in / take part in/ play a role in quite activities15. be hooked on headphones = be addicted to headphones16.valuable information = information of great value17.understand clearly = have a clear understanding of sth.18.affect = have an effect / influence / impact on sth.19.matter = count = be very important = be of importance = make sense = make a difference 20.be over = end = put …to an end= come to an end21.despite = in spite of22. share less than 2% = account for less than 2%= make up23.online = on the Internet24.learn good citizenship = learn to be good citizens25.list the things that you are good at = list what / all you are good at26.explain sth. = make an explanation27.enjoy sth = get pleasure from; take pleasure in28. besides = on top of = in addition to = apart from = as well as29. be better than = be superior to30. approve of = subscribe to = be in favor / support of = favor sth.31.have access to = be acceptable / accessible / available to32.stop = quit = give uppensate for = make up for34.in part = partly 35.every year = yearly = annually = on a yearly basise up = run out of (主动)37.run out = give out = be used up (被动)38.be accused of = be charged with39.most of the people = the majority of the people40.cater to /for one’s needs / demands /requirements = satisfy / meet one’s ….41.starve to death = die of hunger/ starvation drown to death = die of drowning42.be tired out = be worn out = be exhausted = be weary43.socially responsible = social responsibility44.sth. benefit sb. = be beneficial to sb. = be of benefit to = sb. benefit from sth .mit oneself to doing sth. = promise to do sth.46.make full use of = make the most \ best of47. be proud of = take pride in48. never...anthing more than=nothing more than49. in secret = secretly in total = totally in peace = peacefully in surprise = surprisedly in a hurry = hurriedly in brief = briefly 50. offer sb sth = provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb = supply sth to sb51. apologize to sb for sth =make an apology to sb.= say sorry to sb52. turn sb down = refuse sb happen=take place53. increasingly popular = more and more popular54. change rapidly = a rapid change55. shared interests=common interests56. keep\bear...in mind = remember57. sb takes\shows (an) interest in / sb. be interested in =sth appeals to sb58. as a result of = because of。