Unit 16 American Popular Culture

九年级全一册3aUnit 1 Section A 3a How I Learned to Learn EnglishLast year, I did not like my English class. Every class was like a bad dream. The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time. I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. I just hid behind my textbook and never said anything.Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie! So I began to watch other English movies, too. Although I could not understand everything the characters said, their body language and the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning. I also realized I could get the meaning by listening for just the key words. My pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning. I also learned useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake”or “It serves you right”.I did not understand these sentences at first. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked them up in a dictionary.Now I really enjoy my English class. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.Unit 2 Section A 3a Full Moon, Full FeelingsChinese people have been celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes for centuries. Mooncakes are in the shape of a full moon on the Mid-Autumn night. They carry people’s wishes to the families they love and miss.There are many traditional folk stories about this festival. However, most people think that the story of Chang’e is the most touching. Changt’e was HouYi’s beautiful wife. After Hou Yi shot down the nine suns, a goddess gave him magic medicine to thank him. Whoever drank this could live forever, and Hou Yi planned to drink it with Chang’e. However, a bad man, Pang Meng, tried to steal the medicine when Hou Yi was not home. Chang’e refused to give it to him and drank it all. She became very light and flew up to the moon. Hou Yi was so sad that he called out her name to the moon every night. One night, he found that the moon was so bright and round that he could see his wife there. He quickly laid out her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden. How he wished that Chang’e could come back!After this, people started the tradition of admiring the moon and sharing mooncakes with their families.Unit 3 Section A 3a Fun Times Park --- Always a Fun Time![Alice and He Wei are in Space World.]Alice: I wonder where we should go next.He Wei: How about that new ride over there?Alice:Well … it looks scary.He Wei: Come on! I promise it’ll be exciting! If you’re scared, just shout or hold my hand.[After the ride …]Alice: You were right! That was fun! I was scared at first, but shouting did help.He Wei:See, that wasn’t so bad, right? You never know until you try something. Alice: Yes, I'm so glad I tried it!He Wei: Do you want to go to Water World now?Alice: Sure, but I'm getting hungry. Do you know where we can get some good food quickly?He Wei: Of course! I suggest Water City Restaurant in Water World. It serves delicious food.Alice: Great! Let's go![On their way to Water City Restaurant, Alice and He Wei pass by Uncle Bob's.] Alice: Look! This restaurant looks interesting. The sign says a rock band plays here every evening.He Wei: Why don't we come back here for dinner later? Let's ask what time the band starts playing.[Alice and He Wei walk up to a staff person at the door.]He Wei: Excuse me, could you tell us when the band starts playing this evening? Staff: Eight o'clock. The restaurant is always busy at that time, so come a little earlier to get a table.He Wei: OK. Thank you!Unit 4 Section A 3a From Shy Girl to Pop StarFor this month’s Young World magazine, I interviewed 19-year-old Asian pop asar Candy Wang. Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness. As she got better, she dared to sing in front of her class, and then for the whole school. Now she’s not shy anymore and loves singing in front of crowds.I asked Candy how life was different after she became famous. She explained that there are many good things, like being able to travel and meet new people all the time. “I didn’t use to be popular in school, but now I get tons of attentioneverywhere I go.”However, too much attention can also be a bad thing. “I always have to worry about how I appear to others, and I have to be very careful about what I say or do. And I don’t have much private time anymore. Hanging out with friends is almost impossible for me now because there are always guards around me. ”What does Candy have to say to all those young people who want to become famous? “Well,”she begins slowly, “you have to be prepared to give up your normal life. You can never imagine how difficult the road to success is. Many times I thought about giving up, but I fought on. You really require a lot of talent and hard work to succeed. Only a very small number of people make it to the top.”Unit 5 Section A 3a The Difficult Search for American Products in the US If you go to another country, what kinds of things would you buy? Would you buy a camera in Japan, some beautiful clothes in France, or a watch in Switzerland? No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries. However, you could be wrong. Kang Jian is a 17-year-old student from Shanghai. Last year he went to visit his aunt and uncle in San Francisco. He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops we re made in China. “I wanted to buy a toy car for my cousin, but even though most of the toys were American brands, they were made in China.”Toys are not the only things made in China. “I wanted to buy a pair of basketball shoes,”he explains. “But I had t o visit five or six stores before finding a pair made in America!”He realized that Americans can hardly avoid buying products made in China. “In fact,”he continues, “there were many other things there made in China --- footballs, handbags, pet food, mobile phones. Even Americanflags are made in China!”Kang Jian think it’s great that China is so good at making these everyday things. However, he wishes that in the future China will also get better at making high-technology products that people can buy in all parts of the world.Unit 6 Section A 3a An Accidental InventionDid you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world after water, was invented by accident? Many people believe that tea was first drunk about 5000 years ago. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water. It was quite delicious, and so, one of the world’s fav orite drinks was invented.A few thousand years later, Lu Yu,” the saint of tea”, mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used.It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660,but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. This helped to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world. Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.Unit 7 Section A 3a Mom Knows BestWhen I was a tiny baby crying all night, my mom sang to me and stayed by my side. When I was tired and hungry, she gave me food and warm arms to sleep in.When I was two running through the field, she made sure I was safe and kept me from danger.When I fell and hurt myself, she gave me a hug and lifted me up.When I was seven coughing badly, she said no ice-cream for me.But I talked back loudly, “I should be allowed to eat some! Give it to me now!”When I was nine watching scary movies, she said it'd give me awful dreams.But I shouted back angrily, “I should be allowed to watch it! I'm not a baby!”When I was a teen going out with friends, she said, “Please be back by ten!”But I talked back again --- “I should not be told what to do! I'm seventeen now!”Now I'm an adult, thinking back to those times.I coughed for days after eating that ice-creamAnd had scary dreams after watching that film.I was late for school from staying out past ten.I regret talking back, not listening to Mom.Mom knows best, and for me she wanted only the best!Unit 8 Section A 3aWe live in a small town and almost everyone knows each other. It used to be very quiet. Nothing much ever happened around here. However, these days, something unusual is happening in our town. Victor, a teacher at my school, is really nervous. When he was interviewed by the town newspaper, he said, “Every night we hear strange noises outside our window. My wife thinks that it could be an animal, but my friends and I think it must be teenagers having fun. My parents called thepolicemen, but they couldn’t find anything strange. They think it might be the wind. I don’t think so!”Victor’s next-door neighbor Helen is worried, too. “At first, I thought that it might be a dog, but I couldn’t see a dog or anything else, either. So I guess it can’t be a dog.But then, what could it be?” One woman in the area saw something running away, but it was dark so she is not sure. “I think it was too big to b e a dog,” she said. “Maybe it was a bear or a wolf.”Everyone in our town is feeling uneasy, and everyone has his or her own ideas. There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood, but what is it? We have no idea. Most people hope that this animal or person will simply go away, but I do not think that is going to happen. The noise-maker is having too much fun creating fear in the neighborhood.Unit 9 Section A 3a What Do You Feel Like Watching Today?While some people stick to only one kind of movie, I like to watch different kinds depending on how I feel that day.When I’m down or tired, I prefer movies that can cheer me up. Comedies like Men in Black or cartoons like Kung Fu Panda have funny dialogs and usually have a happy ending. The characters may not be perfect, the problems suddenly seem less serious and I fell much better again. Laughing for two hours is a good way to relax!I don’t watch dramas or documentaries when I’m sad or tired. Dramas like Titanic make me feel even sadder. Documentaries like March of the Penguins which provide plenty of information about a certain subject can be interesting, but when I’m tired I don’t want to think too much. I don’t mind action movies like Spider-Man when I’m too tired to think. I can just shut off my brain, sit backand enjoy watching an exciting superhero who always saves the world just in time.Once in a while, I like to watch movies that are scary. They can be fun, but I’m too scared to watch them alone. I always bring a friend who isn’t afraid of these kinds of movies, and it doesn’t feel so scary anymore.Unit 10 Section A 3aTeresa Lopez, Cali, ColombiaWhere I'm from, we’re pretty relaxed about time. We don’t like to rush around, so we don’t mind if people are a little late sometimes. If you tell a friend you're going to their house for dinner, it’s OK if you arrive a bit late. We like to enjoy our time slowly. We value the time we spend with our family and friends in our everyday lives. We often just drop by our friends’ homes if we have time. We don’t usually have to make plans to meet our friends. When we see each other, it’s polite for boys to shake hands and for girls to kiss each other on the side of the face. We often just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can!Marc LeBlanc, Lausanne, SwitzerlandIn Switzerland, it’s very important to be on time. We’re the capital of clocks and watches, after all! If someone invites you to meet him or her at noon, then you’re expected to be there at noon. If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad. So I make an effort to be on time when I meet my friends. I always leave the house early to avoid heavy traffic because I think it’s impolite to keep others waiting. Also, we never visit a friend’s house without calling first. We almost always make plans to see friends. We usually plan to do something interesting, or go somewhere together.Unit 11 Section A 3a The Shirt of a Happy Man (Part I)A long time ago, in a rich and beautiful country, there lived an unhappy king, He slept badly and didn’t feel like eating. His face was always pale as chalk. He often cried for no reason. This made the queen and his people worried.One day, a doctor was called in to examine the king. But he found nothing wrong with his body. “It’s all in his mind. Neither medicine nor rest can help him. What he needs is the shirt of a happy person to wear. That’ll make him happy.”The prime minister was called to the palace. But when they explained the king’s situation to him, he said, “ Although I have a lot of power, it doesn’t make me happy. I’m always worried about losing my power. Many people are trying to take my position.”Then, the king’s banker came to the palace.“Oh, I’m afraid I’m not happy either,” he said. “I have a lot of wealth, but I’m always worried about losing my money. Someone tries to steal my money every day.”Next, the palace singer came to the king’s room. But this was what he said: “It’s true that I’m famous and everyone loves my songs. But I’m not happy because I’m always worried about being followed by others. I cannot be free!”Finally, the king’s top general was told to go out and find a happy man in three days’ time.Unit 12 Section A 3a Life Is Full of the Unexpected.In May 2001, I found a job in New York at the World Trade Center. On September 11, 2001, I arrived at my building at around 8:30 a.m. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first. I went to my favorite coffee place even though it was two blocks east from my office. As I was waiting in line with other officeworkers, I heard a loud sound. Before I could join the others outside to see what was going on, the first plane had already hit my office building. We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building. I felt lucky to be alive.Almost 10 years later, I woke up at 10:00 a.m. on February 21, 2011 and realized that my alarm never went off. I jumped out of bed and went straight to the airport. But by the time I got to the airport, my plane to New Zealand had already taken off. “This is the first holiday I’ve taken in a year, and now I’ve missed my plane. What bad luck?” I thought to myself. The other planes were full so I had to wait till the next day. The next morning, I heard about the earthquake in New Zealand the day before. My bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing.Unit 13 Section A 3a Save the Sharks!Many have heard of shark fin soup. This famous and expensive dish is especially popular in southern China. But do you realize that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup?When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean. This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. If their numbers drop to o low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain. But in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF,are teachi ng the public about “finning”. They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good fins are good for health, so why eat them? Help save the sharks!Unit 14 Section A 3a I RememberLooking back at these past three years I remember many thingsTrying to be on time for morning readingsRunning when the lunch bell ringsI remember the excitementOf the school sports day each year The many long hours of trainingPride of overcoming fearI remember starting day oneThe shyest in my whole classNever speaking to anyoneAnd thinking I would not passThen slowly I made some new friends To remember foreverHelping each other with homework Getting better together Preparing for art festivalsAnd making a great big mess Having fun at New Year’s parties Wishing everyone the bestWe have learned a different languageThat is from a foreign land English brings many challenges We work hard to understandAnd now it’s time to graduate We will leave our lovely school I can’t believe it’s been three yearsI’m trying to keep my coolBut it’s difficult not to cry I’ll miss the school tress and flowersAnd our kind and caring teachers Wonderful memories of ours。

如何介绍篆刻印章英语作文范文1Oh my goodness! Let me tell you something amazing about seal engraving. Seal engraving is a wonderful art form that has a long history and deep cultural significance.First of all, let's talk about the materials. Common materials used for seal engraving include stones, like jade and marble, and woods, such as rosewood and boxwood. These materials have their unique textures and hardness, which affect the engraving process and the final effect of the seal.Then, there are the essential tools. A sharp engraving knife is a must-have! And don't forget the inkpad, which gives the seal its color and life.Now, let's look at the basic steps. The first step is to design the pattern or characters you want to engrave. This requires careful thinking and creativity! After that, comes the engraving process. You need to hold the knife steadily and carve with precision. Isn't it exciting? And finally, there's the refinement step. This is where you make any necessary adjustments to make the seal perfect.So, dear friends, isn't seal engraving a fascinating art? Try it and you'll discover a whole new world of creativity and fun!2Seal engraving is an art form that holds profound artistic value andrich cultural connotations! How can we introduce it? Let's explore together.Seal engraving has a long history that dates back thousands of years. It is not merely a form of artistic expression but also a carrier of cultural traditions. Take the seals from ancient emperors, for instance. These seals were not only a symbol of their authority but also an embodiment of the aesthetic concepts of that era. The exquisite patterns and delicate carvings on them showcase the superb craftsmanship and artistic pursuit of the time.Another remarkable example is the seals of famous scholars and calligraphers. Their seals often incorporate elements such as poetry, philosophy, and personal ideals. These seals not only add charm to their works but also reflect their unique cultural insights and spiritual world.The artistic value of seal engraving lies in its combination of form and meaning. The various shapes, lines, and strokes in the engraving create a visual feast. At the same time, the meaning conveyed by the text on the seal enriches our understanding of culture and history.Isn't seal engraving a wonderful art form? It deserves our attention and appreciation! Let's delve deeper into this world of artistic and cultural wonders.3Seal engraving is an ancient and exquisite art form that has a rich history and diverse styles. Let's take a look at some of the different styles of seal engraving, such as the Qin and Han styles and the Ming and Qingstyles!The Qin and Han style seals are characterized by their simplicity and grandeur. The lines are bold and straightforward, giving a sense of strength and stability. They seem to tell us stories of the ancient times with their powerful presence! How amazing it is to think that these seals have carried the weight of history for so long!On the contrary, the Ming and Qing style seals are known for their delicacy and refinement. The details are meticulously crafted, and the patterns are often very intricate. Isn't it fascinating to observe the fine lines and exquisite patterns? They show the pursuit of elegance and sophistication during those periods.In conclusion, both the Qin and Han style and the Ming and Qing style of seal engraving have their unique charm. The former represents the simplicity and might of ancient times, while the latter reflects the refinement and elegance of later periods. Which style do you prefer? Isn't the world of seal engraving truly wonderful and full of surprises?4Oh my goodness! Have you ever wondered about the wonderful world of modern seal engraving? Seal engraving, an ancient art form, has witnessed remarkable innovations and developments in modern times. It now holds a significant position in contemporary art!Take some modern artists for instance. They ingeniously combinetraditional seal engraving techniques with modern elements to give birth to astonishing new art forms. How fascinating is that? They might incorporate elements like abstract patterns, digital designs, or even elements from popular culture. This fusion not only breathes new life into the traditional art but also makes it more accessible and appealing to the modern audience.The beauty of modern seal engraving lies in its ability to bridge the gap between the past and the present. It showcases the timeless charm of traditional craftsmanship while adapting to the ever-changing tastes and preferences of the contemporary art scene. Isn't it just amazing how such an ancient art can remain relevant and thrive in today's world?So, the next time you come across a modern seal engraving work, take a moment to appreciate the creativity and innovation behind it. You'll surely be astounded by the wonders it holds!5Oh my goodness! Let me tell you about how to appreciate and distinguish excellent seal engraving works. Firstly, the layout of the seal is of great significance. A well-arranged seal should have a balanced and harmonious composition. Imagine if the characters or patterns are randomly placed, wouldn't it be a chaos? How wonderful it is when the elements are distributed neatly and proportionally! Secondly, the knife technique is crucial. The strokes made by the knife should be smooth and forceful. Can you picture the power and delicacy that a masterful knifestroke brings? Isn't it amazing? Also, the lines are another key aspect. Fine and fluent lines show the artist's superb skills and deep understanding of art. Isn't that something to marvel at? For instance, when the lines are thick and thin, curved and straight, in a perfect combination, it creates a unique charm. How could one not be impressed by such a masterpiece? So, when you encounter a seal engraving work next time, pay attention to these aspects and you will truly appreciate the beauty and value of it!。

1.The World of Western Culture2.Western world’s culture during The second half of the twentieth century was marked by Diversity. Although many trends represented A continuation of prewar modern development, new directions have led some observers to speak of A “postmodern”cultural world.3. Trends in art and literatureThe United States dominated the art world after World War II. Vibrantly colored and filled with activity, reflected the energy and exuberance of postwar America.New York City became the artistic center of the Western world.The Guggenheim Museum, Whitney Museum. Promoted modern art and helped determine artistic tastes throughout much of the world.4. Abstractionism, especially Abstract Expressionism, took over the artistic mainstream,Jackson Pollock, his swirling forms and seemingly chaotic patterns broke all conventions of form and structure. His drip paintings were influential (influence) with other artists.Lavender Mist, assault the viewer with emotion and movement.5. The early 1960s saw the emergence of Pop Art, which took images of popular culture and transformed them into works of fine art. Andy Warhol6. In the 1980s, styles emerged that have been referred to as postmodern. Postmodernism tends to move away from the futurism or “cutting edge” qualities of modernism. It favors tradition, that elevating traditional craftsmanship to the level of fine art. They gained respect as artists.7.Postmodernism was also evident in literature. One center of postmodernism was in central and eastern Europe. Kundera , who blended fantasy with realism, using fantasy to examine moral issues while remaining optimistic about the human condition. His first novel,The Unbearable Lightness of Being. The human spirit can be diminished but not destroyed.8. In postwar literature, the most significant new trend was called the “Theater of the Absurd”. Samuel Beckett, the most famous proponent.Unlike traditionaltheater, suspense is maintained not by having the audience wonder “What is going to happen next?” but simply “What is happening now”.9. The sense of meaninglessness also underscored the philosophy of existentialism. Albert Camus and Jean Paul Sartre. The starting point of the existentialism of Sartre and Camus was the absence of God in the universe. It meant that humans had no preordained destiny and were utterly alone in the universe, with no future and no hope. Reduced to despair and depression, humans have but one ground of hope----themselves.10．The Revival of ReligionA number of religious thinkers and leaders attempted to bring new life to Christianity in the twentieth century.Karl Barth infuses traditional Christian teachings with new life. To Barth, the sinful and hence imperfect nature of human beings meant that humans could know religious truth not through reason but only through the grace of God.11. In the Catholic church,attempts at religious renewal came from two charismatic popes---- John XXIII and John Paul II.John XXIII sparked a dramatic revival of Catholicism when he summoned the twenty-first ecumenical council of the Catholic church. The Mass was celebrated in the vernacular languages rather than Latin.John Paul II . Although he alienated a number of people by reasserting traditional Catholic teaching on such issues as birth control, women in the priesthood, and clerical celibacy, John Paul’s numerous travels around the world helped strengthen the Catholic church throughout the non-western world.12. The New World of Science and TechnologyMany of the scientific and technological achievements since World War II have revolutionized people’s lives.During the war, university scientists were recruited to work for their governments and develop new weapons and practical instruments of war.British physicists played an important role in an improved radar system that helped defeat the German air force in the Battle of Britain.German scientists created self-propelled rockets as well as jet airplanes to keep Hitler’s hopes alive for a miraculous turnaround in the war.13.The most famous product of wartime scientific research was the atomic bomb, created by a team of American and European scientists under the guidance of the physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer. The computer may yet prove to be the most revolutionary of all the technological inventions of the twentieth century. The British mathematician Alan Turing designed a primitive computer to assist British intelligence in breaking the secret codes of German ciphering machines. Early computers required thousands of vacuum tubes to function, large and took up considerable space. The development of the transistor and the silicon chip.In 1971, the microprocessor, combines the equivalent of transistors on a single, tiny silicon chip, opened the road for the development of the personal computer.14. By 2000, the personal computer had become a regular fixture in businesses, schools, and homes. The Internet----the world’s largest computer network----provides millions of people around the world with quick access to immense quantities of information. The computer make a whole host of tasks much easier, but it has also become an important tool in modern life.In the 1960s and 1970s some people believed that some technological advances had far-reaching side effects damaging to the environment. The threat of global warming and dwindling of forests and lakes made environmentalism one of the important issues of the early twenty-first century.15. The Explosion of Popular CultureSince World War II, popular culture has played an increasingly important role in helping Western people define themselves.The history of popular culture is also the history of the economic system thatsupports it.16. Popular culture and the Americanization of the worldThe United States has been the most influential force in shaping popular culture in the West. Through movies, music, advertising, and television, the United States has spread its particular form of consumerism and the American dream to millions around the world. In movies, televisions, and music, the impact of American popular culture on the Western world is pervasive. “T he film is to America what the flag was once to Britain.”17. Motion pictures were the primary vehicle for the diffusion of American popular culture. Dominate both European and American markets. In the 1960s, as television spread around the world, American networks sold their products in Europe and the Third World at extraordinarily low prices. The United States has also dominated popular music since the end of World War II. All of them originated in the United States, and all are rooted in African American musical innovations. These forms later spread to the rest of the world, inspiring local artists who then transformed the music in their own way. The establishment of the video music channel MTV in the early 1980s changed the music scene by making image as important as sound to the selling of records.18. In the postwar years, sports have become a major product of both popular culture and the leisure industry. The development of satellite television and various electronic breakthroughs helped make sports a global phenomenon.19. Toward a Global Civilization?Increasingly, people are becoming aware of the political and economic interdependence of the world’s nations and the global nature of our contemporary problems. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, human beings are coming to understand that destructive forces unleashed in any part of the world. Nuclear proliferation means radioactive fallout for the planet.20. Smokestack pollution can produce acid rain. Oil spills and dumping of wastes. The consumption of drugs affects the stability of both wealthy and less developed nations. In reflection on the terrorist crisis, “how fragile are our frontiers inthe fact of the world’s new challenges.”Terrorism is an important example as international terrorist groups seek to wreak havoc around the world.21. One approach has been to develop grassroots social movements, including those devoted to the environment, women’s and men’s liberation, human potential, appropriate technologies, and nonviolence. “Think globally, act locally” is one slogan these groups use. The growth of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), NGOs are an important instrument in the cultivation of global perspectives. Include professional, business, and cooperative organizations; foundations; religious, peace, and disarmament groups; youth and women’s organizations; environmental and human rights groups; and research institutes.22. Yet hopes for global approaches to global problems have also been hindered by political, ethnic, and religious disputes. Pollution of the Rhine River by factories along its banks provokes angry disputes among European nations. The Unite States and Canada have argued about the effects of acid rain on Canadian forests. The collapse of the Soviet Union and its satellite system between 1989 and 1991 seemed to provide an enormous boots to the potential for international cooperation on global issues; Led to the emergence of squabbling new nations and an atmosphere of conflict and tension throughout much of Eastern Europe. The bloody conflict in the former Yugoslavia clearly indicates the dangers in the rise of nationalist sentiment among various ethnic and religious groups in Eastern Europe. Even as the world becomes more global in culture and interdependent in its mutual relations, centrifugal forces are still at work attempting to redefine the political, cultural, and ethnic ways in which the world is divided.Many lessons can be learned from the history of Western civilization, an understanding of our Western heritage and its lessons can be instrumental in helping us create new models for the future. For we are all creators of history, and the future of Western and indeed world civilization depends on us.ResumeName: Dong YiAddress:Bldg.No.15, Rm.209, China University of Geosciences, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100083Date of Birth: December 15, 1991Sex: FemaleMarital status: SingleHealth: ExcellentEducation:2007-2010 Petroleum Middle School, Beijing2010-2014 China University of Geosciences, BeijingMajor: EnglishReceived B.A. in English, July 2014Work experience:2008 V olunteer for cleanerOlympic Park Environmental ProtectionAwards and Scholarships:2009-2010 “Excellent Student”, Petroleum Middle School2010 “Bridge Design Award”, Petroleum Middle SchoolInterests: Travel, dancing, swimmingReferences: Available upon request。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说（上）听力原文Lesson 1 Music1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program?W: I contacted联系his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到lunch until two.Q: What does the woman mean?B. she couldn’t talk to the consultant before two2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity [ˈtʃæriti] n. 慈爱concert, but we don't have much money for advertising.M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service 服务announcements. 通告Q: What does the man suggest they do?c. Ask the school radio station for help3. W: I don't understand why this self-study自学book doesn't have answers to the questions.M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book.Q: What does the man say about the self-study book? d. the book does include the answer4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before.W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful.Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager?B. He probably has a poor memory5. M: Have you had the brakes[breik] n制动器; 闸; 刹车. and tires checked? And do you have enough money?W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful极好的, 精彩的, 绝妙的trip.Q: What's the woman going to do?D. spend some time travelling6. M: I've had my new stereo 立体声for a whole week, but I haven't yet figured out想到how to record music.W: Didn't an instruction manual [ˈmænjuəl] 手册形式的，像手册的；教范性质的come with it?Q: What does the woman imply?B the man should refer to the instruction manual7. W: I want to pay you for that long-distance call I made. But, I suppose you haven't gotten your phone bill yet,M: Oh, but I have.Q: What does the man mean?A he has received his telephone bill.8. M: Professor Smith assigned us three more novels to read.W: He must think you don't have any other classes.Q: What can be inferred about Professor Smith?B he assigns too much work9. M: Let's go watch the fireworks烟花tonight.W: I have tickets to the theater.Q: What plan does the man has that night?B he’ll go and watch the fireworks10. M: I am exhausted筋疲力尽的. I stayed up熬夜the whole night studying for my history midterm exam.W: Why do you always wait till the last minute?Q: What can be inferred about the man?A he had bad study habits11. M: I'll be coming straight from work, so I'll have to pack 包装；捆扎a change of clothes.W: It's only a barbecue [ˈbɑ:bikju:] (常用于室外的)金属烤架. Jeans and T-shirts will be fine.Q: What does the woman imply?D Casual dress will be appropriate12. W: I'm going to the snack [snæk] 小吃; 点心; 快餐barfor a cup of coffee. Would you like me to bring you back something?M: Not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me?Q: What does the man mean?C he wants her to get him a newspaper13. M: I don't understand how this budget wascalculated[ˈkælkjuleit] 计算, 估计, 核算.W: Let me have a look, OK?Q: What does the woman mean?C she’ll try to see w hat method was used 14. W: We need a fourth player for tennis this morning. Do you want to join us?M: I've got a class at nine, but Carol is free and she is really good.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?B ask Carol to play tennis15. W: Have you saved enough to buy that new printer for your computer yet?M: You know, money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket lately. Maybe next month.Q: What does the man likely to do the following month?A he is likely to buy a new printer the following month.Passage II: American Music One of America's most important exports出口is her modern music. American music is played all over the world. It is enjoyed by the people of all ages in all countries. Although the lyrics ['liriks] 歌词are English, people not speaking English can enjoy it too. The reasons for its popularity普遍,流行; are its fast pace [peis步子；节奏and rhythmic [ˈrɪðmɪk] 有韵律的, 有节奏的beat[bi:t]节拍, 拍子.The music has many origins [ˈɔridʒin]起点; 来源in the United States. Country music, coming from the rural农村的，乡村的areas in the southern United States, is one source来源, 出处. Country music features以…为物色是…特征simple themes 题目，主题，and melodies 曲调, 歌曲describing day-to-day situations形势; 情况and the feelings of country people. Many people appreciate欣赏, 赏识, this music because of the emotions 情感，感情expressed by country music songs.A second origin of American popular music is theblues[blu:z]布鲁斯歌曲；蓝调歌曲. It depicts描述mostly sad feelings reflecting表达; 反映the difficult lives of American blacks. It is usually played and sung by blackmusicians, but it is popular with all Americans.（Rock music）摇滚音乐is a newer form of music. This music style风格, featuring .以…为物色是…特征fast and repetitious重复的;反复的rhythms节奏, was influenced by the blues布鲁斯歌曲；蓝调歌曲and country music. It was first known as rock-and-roll in the 1950s. Since then there have been many forms of rock music: hard rock, soft rock, and others. Many performers of popular music are young musicians. American popular music is marketed在市场上出售某物to a demanding(顾客的)需求、需要audience观众, 听众; 读者. Now popular songs are heard on the radio several times a day. Some songs have become popular all over the world. People hear these songs sung in their original起初的; 原来的English or sometimes translated into other languages. The words may differ but the enjoyment of the music is universal普遍的.1. Which group of people enjoy American music?D All of the above2. Why is American music so popular in all countries?D Because it has a fast pace and rhythmic beat3. What can be learned from the passage?C The blues is usually played by black musicians4. What do you know from the passage?C Rock music was influenced by the blues and country music5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?C The words of songs differ, and so does the enjoyment of American pop music Passage III: Music in Different CulturesIn western culture music is regarded as good by birth在血统上,生来, and sounds that are welcome are said to be "music to the ears". In some other cultures文化-- for example, Islamic伊斯兰的,伊斯兰教的culture -- it is of little value, associated (使)发生联系, (使)联合; 结交, 结伙with sin [sin]罪恶, 罪孽and evil罪恶. In the West and in the high cultures of Asia, it is said that there are three types of music. First, classical古典的, 经典的music, composed 组成, 构成and performed by trained professionals具有某专业资格的人, 专业人士originally最初under the support of courts宫廷, 宫室and religious宗教的establishments建立, 确立; second, folk music民间音乐, shared by the population at large and passed on传递; 传授orally口头上地,口述地, and third, popular music,performed by professionals, spread (使)传播, (使)散布through radio, television, records, film, and print, and consumed消耗，耗尽by the mass public.Music is a major component 成分, 组成部分, 部件, 元件in religious宗教的services, theater剧场,戏院,, and entertainment娱乐, 文娱节目, 表演会of all sorts. The most universal use of music is as a part of religious rituals仪式. In some tribal [ˈtraɪbəl] 部落的societies, music appears to serve as a special form of communication with supernatural超自然的;鬼、神或幻术所引起的beings, and its prominent显著的; 突出的use in modern Christian基督教徒and Jewish犹太人的;犹太教徒的services may be the leftover of just such an original原始的purpose. Another less obvious function of music is social adherence 遵守;遵循；坚持. For most social groups, music can serve as a powerful symbol象征, 标志. Members of most societies share keen热衷的, 热心的, feelings as to what kind of music they "belong to". Indeed, some minorities少数, 小部分including, in the U. S.A., black Americans and Euro-American groups use music as a major symbol of group identity身份. Music also symbolizes象征;作为…的象征military军事的, 军用的;, patriotic [ˌpætriˈɔtik]爱国的, 有爱国心的and funeral葬礼, 丧礼moods心情, 情绪and events. In a more general普遍的, 全面的; sense, music may express the central最重要的, 主要的, 首要social values of a society. In western culture, the interrelationship相互关系of conductor and orchestra [ˈɔ:kistrə]管弦乐队symbolizes the need for strong cooperation合作, 协作among various kinds of specialists 专家, 行家in a modern industrial society. 1. In what culture is music regarded as good by birth?C In Western culture 2. Which of the following is performed by professionals?B Classical music and popular music3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?C Music is a special form of communication with supernatural being in Asia 4. According to the passage, what is the most universal use of music?D Religious ritual 宗教仪式5. Which of the following is NOT symbolized 象征by music?D FriendshipLesson 2 Holidays1. M: Do you still want to go to the graduate研究生的school after you get out of college? W: I've changed my mind about that. I want to start working before I go back to school.Q: What does the woman mean?B She ‘s not going to graduated school immediately after graduation.2. M: We've got a whole hour before the Browns come by 来串门, 来访to pick us up安排接取; 使搭乘; 搭救.W: Yeah. But we'd better get moving赶快；快些开始.Q: What does the woman suggest they do?A Hurry3. M: I'm thinking of getting a new printer.W: I'd invest in在…上投资, 在…投入(时间、精力等) a laser [ˈleizə激光] printer. The print quality is much better.Q: What does the woman mean?C The man should buy a high- quality printer.4. W: I've got a coupon[ˈku:pɔn] 配给券；（购物）票证；（购物）优惠券for half-off 五折dinner at that new restaurant down the street. I think I'll use it when my cousin [ˈkʌzn]堂[表]兄弟[姊妹]comes for a visit this weekend.M: Where did you get it? I wouldn't mind（trying that place out too）试验.Q: What does the man want to know?C Where the woman got coupon5. W: What's Laura doing here today? I thought she was supposed 料想; 猜想; 以为to be out of离开了the office on Mondays.W: She decided she'd rather have Fridays off instead.Q: What can be inferred about Laura?A She has changed her schedule 6. M: I need to find a new roommate <英>室友,住在同室的人.W: So John's going to California after all.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?B th e man’s current roommate is moving7. M: My math assignment's工作, 任务due 到期的tomorrow morning and I haven't even started it yet.W: I'll miss想念, 惦记you at the party tonight.Q: What does the woman imply?D the man won’t be able to go to the party8. W: Those packages包, 包裹, 包在一起的东西took forever长久地；（与动词进行时连用）老是，没完没了地to arrive. M: But they did arrive, didn't they?Q: What does the man say about the packages?B They eventually arrived9. M: My parents are coming to see our apartment一套房间, 一户this weekend.W: Looks as if I'd better lend you my vacuum [ˈvækjuəm]〈口〉真空吸尘器cleaner 净化器then.Q: What does the woman imply?D The man’s apartment is dirty10. M: Sarah, did you have a chance to buy that new novel you wanted?W: No, but I had Doris get it for me.Q: What does Sarah say about the novel?D Doris purchased it for her11. M: I've been waiting all week for this concert. The philharmonic [filɑ:ˈmɔnik]交响乐团is supposed to be excellent and with our student discoun [ˈdiskaunt]数目, 折扣t the tickets will be really cheap.W: Uh -- uh, I'm afraid I left my student ID in my other purse钱包.Q: What does the woman imply? 暗示, 暗指C She won’t be able to get the student discount12. M: The university bookstore opens at 9 in the morning.W: Oh, dear. I need a textbook教科书, 课本for my eight o'clock class today. Q: What does the woman mean?A She won’t be able to get the book before class13. M: The storm暴风雨[雪] last night damaged some of the neighbor's roofs.W: no wonder不足为奇. Q: What is the woman reaction to the man says?C She isn’t surprised14. M: You've certainly无疑地; 确定地；肯定地been reading that one page for a long time now.W: Well, I'm being tested on it tomorrow.Q: What does the woman imply暗示?C she needs to read the page carefully15. W: Another thing we need to do is show the new students around town. You know, show them all the sights视野；风景of the area. M: I don't see why we need to do that ourselves. I understand the visitors' center offers a wonderful bus tour旅行, 观光Q: What does the man suggest they do?B Send the new students on a bus tour of cityPART BPassage I:People in the US get a two-week paid有报酬的;领取报酬的vacation from their job every year. Most British people have four or five weeks paid holiday a year. Americans often complain抱怨, 诉苦; 投诉that two weeks is not enough especially when they hear about the longer holidays that Europeans enjoy. In addition, there are eight days in each European country, which are public holidays (the British call Bank Holiday) and many of these fall on落到, 轮到a Monday giving people a long weekend.What do people do in Britain and the US when they are on holidays? In the US, outdoor vacations are popular, for example, at the Grand Canyon峡谷or Yellowstone or other national parks or forests. Young people may go walking or camping 宿营, 露营in the mountains. Many people have small trailers拖车, 挂车in which to travel, or if they are in a car, they may stay at motels汽车旅馆on the journey旅行; 行程;. Disneyland and Disney world are also popular and people can go skiing in the Rocky洛矶Mountains of Colorado科罗拉多州, Wyoming怀俄明州andMontana蒙大纳(美国州名). Some children go to summer camp for a holiday during the summer vacation from school, where they do special activities, such as sports or crafts技巧；技能；技艺. When Americans want a holiday for fun in the sun, they usually go to Florida, Hawaii, Mexico or the Caribbean. They may go to Europe for culture, for example, to see art, plays, and places of historic历史上著名（或重要）的interest.In Britain, many people like to go to the seaside for holidays. There are places near the sea, such as Backpool, Scarborough斯卡波罗and Bournemouth伯恩茅斯, where there is plenty充裕, 大量, 富庶to do even when it rains. People also like to go to the country, especially to walk, in places like Scotland, Wales and the Lake湖泊District. When the British go abroad they usually want to go somewhere warm. Spain and the Spanish islands of Majorea and Ibiza伊比沙岛are popular as are other places in southern Europe. For skiing, people often go to the Alps阿尔卑斯山.1. How long a paid vacation can Americans enjoy every year?A Two weeks2. How many days are there about public holidays for Europeans in a year?C Eight days3. Where do Americans usually go for fun in the sun?D Florida4. Where do Americans usually spend their holidays for culture?C Europe5. British people usually go to Spain for holidays. What for?B For skiingPassage II:Every country in the world celebrates New Year but not everyone does it on the same day. The countries of North and South America and Europe welcome the New Year on January 1. This practice began with the Romans. Julius Caesar, a Roman ruler, changed the date of the New Year from the first day of March to the first day of January. In the Middle East, New Year is on the day when spring begins. People in China celebrate it on the Spring Festival, which is the first day of their lunar[ˈlju:nə] 月的, 月球的;按阴历的calendar[ˈkælində] 日历, 月历. The Spring Festival usually comes between January 21 and February 19. Rosh Hashana犹太新年, which is the Jewish New Year, comes at the end of summer.In all of these cultures, there is a tradition of making noise. People made noise in ancient times to drive away the evil邪恶的, 坏的，恶毒的spirits神灵, 幽灵from home. Today ,many people do it with fire-works. In Japan, people go from house to house making noise with drums 鼓, 鼓状物and bamboo竹, 竹竿sticks棍, 棒. Young people in Denmark丹麦throw broken pieces of jars罐子, 广口瓶or pots against the sides of friends' houses.In the United States, many people stay up until midnight on New Year's Eve 前日, 前夕to watch the clock pass from one year to the next. Friends often gather together at a party on New Year's Eve, and when the New Year comes, all ring环状物, 圆圈bells钟, 铃, 电铃, blow吹horns[hɔ:n]号, 号角, blow whistle哨子, 汽笛songs, and kiss each other.In many European countries, families start the new year by first attending church services, which is followed by paying calls on friends and relatives. Italian boys and girls receive gifts of money on New Year's Day. New Year's Day is more joyful 快乐的, 高兴的than Christmas 圣诞节in France and Scotland. In these countries Christmas isa religious holiday only, while the New Year is the time for gifts-giving, parties, and visits.1. Who changed the date of the New Year from March 1 to January 17A Roman ruler2. When does the Jewish New Year begin?D At the end of summer3. Why did people make noise in ancient times when they celebrated the New Year?D To drive a way evil spirits from their home4. According to the speaker, how do the children in Denmark celebrate the New Year? A They throw broken piece of jars or pots against the sides of friends’ hou ses5. In which country do children receive gifts of money on New Year's Day?B Italyimportant festival of the year in France.Lesson 3 Economy1. W: The report says all departments are making a profit except the Asian department.M: Well, Mr. Smith seems to be the wrong person to head that department. One more step wrong and he will be removed from that office. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A.Mr.Smith will be replaced if he makes another mistake.2. W: During the last thunderstorm, I noticed several leaks in my bedroom ceiling and they really caused a mess.M: Maybe you have some broken tiles. I have the phone number of a good roofing company that could do a good repair job for you at a reasonable price.Q: What can we conclude from this conversation?A.The roof of the woman’s house needs to be repaired.3. W: How did you do on the math exam, John?M: I barely made it. It was just a passing score but better than I had expected.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?B.John did better than he thought he was able to.4. M: I wonder what makes Mother so upset these days? W: Father is canceling his vacation trip. He promised totake her abroad last year, but the company is again asking father to postpone his vacation.Q: Why is their mother unhappy?A.Their father is unable to keep his promise.5. W: Friday's speaker is supposed to be wonderful. Are you attending the seminar that day?M: Yes, but I haven't been able to get a ticket yet. Since the lecture is open to the public, I imagine the tickets may have already been sold out.Q: Why is the man afraid he won't be able to attend the seminar? D.He thinks that there might not be an more tickets available.6. M: Could you lend me your biology notes?W: Do you think you'll be able to make out my handwriting?Q: What does the woman imply about the notes?C.They might be hard to read.7. W: Did you pick up my books from Ron's house? M: Sorry. It slipped my mind. Q: What does the man mean?B.He forgot to get the books.8. W: Would you like to go to the movies with us tonight?M: To the movies? Tonight is the biggest concert of the year.Q: What does the man likely to do at that night?A.He is likely to go to the concert.9. M: Just one person in the whole class got an A on the test! YOU!W: ALL RIGHTQ: What does the woman feel on hear what the man says?D.She is very pleased.10. W: We are having a party at our house on the weekend of the 30th. Would you like to join us?M: That sounds like a lot of fun. But I'll need to check my calendar first.Q: What does the man imply?B.He may already have plans.11. M: I've been running a mile every afternoon for the past month. But I still haven't been able to lose more than a pound or two. I wonder if it's worth it.W: Oh, don't give up now. It always seems hard when you are just starting out.Q: What does the man do according to the woman’s advice?D.Continue his exercise program.12. M: I'm going to the vegetable stand today. Can I pick up anything for you?W: No, thanks. I just came back from the market myself. Q: Why does the woman decline the man’s offer? C.She has been to the market.13. M: I don't understand whyI received such a low grade on my term paper.W: You should make an appointment with the professor to discuss it.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?A.See his professor about the paper. 14. M: The sound of all that traffic is driving me out of my mind.W: It is had. But the highway will reopen tomorrow, then we won't have all those cars passing by any more.Q: What does the woman imply?D.The traffic won’t detour after the following day.15. W: I invited your mother to lunch yesterday. But she said she didn't have any free time. M: Yeah. She just got a new job.Q: What does the man mean?D.His mother’s new job keeps her busy.Passage I:Established on January 1, 1995, World Trade Organization is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs（关税）and Trade (GATT). It exists to promote a free-market international trade system. The WTO promotes trade by:1. reducing tariffs;2. prohibiting import or export bans or quotas（定量）;3. eliminating discrimination against foreign products and services;4. eliminating other impediments to trade, commonly called "non-tariff trade barriers''.With China's successful entry into WTO in Nov 2001, it currently has 135 member countries, accounting for over 90% of world trade. Over 30 others are negotiating membership. The WTO'stop-level decision-making body is the ministerial conference which meets at least once every two years. Over three-quarters of WTO members are developing countries. Special provisions for these members are included in the WTO's agreements. GATT is now the WTO's principal rule-book. Decisions are made by the entire membership by consensus or majority vote. The WTO's agreements have been ratified in all members'parliaments. If a trade barrier is found to be unfair, the WTO can authorize the imposition of trade sanctions to force a change in that country's law. The WTO exempts trade barriers which are designed to conserve natural resources or protect health.Critics say the WTO credits agreements are skewed in favor of rich countries. The west may preach trade liberalization, but it has used negotiations to prize third world market while keeping its own barriers intact.1.When was the World Trade Organization established? B.On January 1,1995.2. What is the aim of establishing the WTO?D.To promote a free-market international trade system. 3. According to the passage, how many member countries does the WTO currently have?A.134.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?C.The WTO’s top level decision-making body meets at least once each year.5. What does the WTO do if a trade barrier is found to be unfair in a certain country?A.The WTO authorizes the imposition of trade sanctions on the country.1.GATT,2.over 90%,3.the ministerial conference,4.conserve natural resources, protect health,5.in favor of rich countries.Passage IIWorld financial circles affirm that this year has witnessed the most forceful economic growth over the past 13 years. The growth rate is expected to reach 4.7 percent, much higher than the 2.5 percent in 1998 and the 3.3 percent in 1999. The average economic growth rate of developed countries may reach 4.2 percent this year. The US economy continues to lead the tide of the world economic growth, with its economic growth rate getting close to 5.2 percent. The European economic situation is also better than that in previous years, and the average growth rate of the 11 countries in the Euro zone is to reach 3.5 percent. The Japanese economy has freed itself from a slump, and its growth rate this year may reach 1.9 percent, higher than the average growth rate in the past 10 years.The average economic growth rate of the developing countries this year can reach 5.6 percent. The economic development in the Asian developing regions has attractedpeople's attention. Their growth rate this year may reach 7.1 percent. The Russian economy has had an unexpected, strong recovery from the 1998 crisis, with the growth rate possibly reaching 6 percent.Among the many factors that have boosted world economic growth, the growing information technological industry is playing an increasingly outstanding role. The information technological industry is becoming a leading industry in the national economy and a new economic growth point. According to experts' estimate, file current contribution rate of the information technological industry to the world economic growth is 18.2 percent. Its ratio in the growth of the US economy is even higher, standing at one-third. The information technological industry is currently the world, economic sector experiencing rapid development and is creating ever-more wealth, The integration of the traditional economy and the web economy has become the present development trend of the world economy.1.They affirm that the year 2000 has witnessed the most forceful economic growth over the past 13 years.2.The Russian economy.3.18.2%.4.The information technological industry.5.The present development trend of the world economy is the integration of the traditional economy and the web economy.1) 4.2%, 2) 5.2%, 3) 3.5%, 4) 1.9%, 5) 5.6%, 6) 7.1%, 7) 6% Passage III:President Jiang Zemin said on November 16, 2000 that in the development of a "New Economy", it is essential to take advantage of the latest developments in science and technology. He made this address at the eighth informal meeting of leaders of the APEC forum. He explained that the "New Economy" refers to the kind of economy initiated and sustained by new technologies andhi-tech industries. The advancement of technology, led by IT and biotechnology industries, is giving rise to a new industrial revolution, Jiang said.Developing countries are faced with the difficult task of both transforming their traditional industries and developing new industries, Jiang noted, adding thatcontinued expansion of the 'digital divide" has widened the wealth gap between North and South and may trigger new imbalances in the world economy."Against the background of accelerated economic globalization and the dynamic progress of science and technology, we must facilitate cooperation between developed and developing countries on exchanges of human resources, technology and infrastructure, and we must help countries develop independently to narrow the North-South gap."Today, the development, application and impact of science and technology far transcends national boundaries. For example, every major breakthrough made in the human genome project is a crystallization of cooperation between scientists from a number of countries. Only when applied in a global context can the achievements of science and technology benefit people", Jiang said. He also noted that economic globalization should stress the popularization of scientific and technological knowledge.The protection of intellectual property rights should be guided by market rules in such away that the rules will be helpful to the spread of scientific and technological knowledge, so that all countries may benefit, he added.1.On November 16, 2000.2.It is essential to take advantage of the latest developments in science and technology.3.It refers to the kind of economy initiated and sustained by new technologies and hi-tech industries.4.They are faced with the task of both transforming their traditional industries and developing new industries.5.It should stress the popularization of scientific and technological knowledge.1.the eighth informal meeting of leaders2.bio-technology industries, a new industrial revolution3.has widened the wealth gap, North and South, new imbalances in the world economy4.developed and developing countries, human resources, technology5.intellectual property rights, the spread of scientific and technological knowledge, all countries may benefit.。

文化美国家庭是怎样的？American familyIn the United States, most families have two or three children, and there are also even larger families.Certainly, children live together with their parents. But when the children have families, they will move out and have their own houses. Parents usually keep in touch with their grown children and take great interest in their grandchildren. On holidays, members of the larger family - grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins - often have meals together.Both Mother and Father can have a voice in the family, but not all families are run this way. Many families still live by the old rule that Father's word is law.Now, some mothers do not stay at home any longer. They also go out to work. Today, about 10 million American mothers with children under eighteen have jobs. In some families, mothers have to work because the father can neither find jobs nor make enough money. In other families, the mother may work to make more money so other family can enjoy a better living. Many working mothers have to look for a cleaning woman one day or more days a week to help with housework and look after the children.美国的房车文化The van culture in the USAmericans with small families own a small car or a larger one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. If the family is large, they will buy a van (住房汽车). A small car can hold four people. A large car can hold six people but it is very crowded (拥挤). A van can hold seven people easily. Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. So if a family has a van, the grandparents are often asked to go on a travel together.Mr. Bush and his wife had a third child last year. So they have to sell the old car and buy a van. The sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, since a family of five have to carry many suitcases (衣箱) when they travel. And when they arrive at their grandparents’ home, they can also carry their grandparents.During the travel, they can live in their van for a few days or weeks. All the family members can enjoy a happier time when travelling together. Some people are even crazy about it. That is why vans have become very popular and there are many parks for motor homes.冬季奥运会邮票。

英语流行话题阅读（English popular topic reading）The book consists of 101 articles, according to the content is divided into 11 modules: global style, Adam and Eve, soul searching and multiple life, international situation, workplace grappling, medical care, economic perspectives, social sports, art wide-angle and home of the earth, the topic from the urban original man to Australia from the Jungle culture, marriage to gay and lesbian affair from the United States, "World War II" Flying Tigers to Dutch act explosion with Iraq "torture" incident from the office politics to switch from the pill to carcinogenic chips and Hair Coloring, from "exotic" advertising to excessive packaging, from network scam to teachers and students love, from Impressionism to F1 racing, from white pollution to ozone empty...... Show you a wonderful kaleidoscope of language, culture and modern technology. Each article is also accompanied by carefully arranged text, classical sentences, shorthand new words, knowledge links and other columns to help you grasp the vocabulary key points, clear language difficulties, and further explore language and culture vision. And, more importantly, it can help you recover your lost reading![directory]SectionA global styleUnit1RetrosexuaIManA primitive man in a metropolisUnit2ThePuritansBehindtheMythsA few figures after the veilUnit3TheOriginsofValentine'sDayThe origin of Valentine's DayUnit4AustralianBushCultureJungle culture in AustraliaUnit5HalloweeninAmericaHalloween in the United StatesUnit6GreetingOtherswithRespectCourtesy appellationUnit7GiftGivinginChina, JapanandAustraliaGift giving practices in China, Japan and Australia Unit8AmericanCarCultureAmerican automobile cultureUnit9ChristmasFloraChristmas flowerUnit10BlackCatandSuperstitionBlack photography and superstitionUnit11GenerationYA new millennium generationUnit12TimesSquareTimes SquareSectionB Adam EveUnit13Cohabitation:TrialMarriageorLackof Commitment?Cohabitation: marriage or lack of responsibility? Unit14ExtramaritalAffairs:WhatistheAllure? (1) Extramarital affairs 111 what is temptation? (1) Unit15ExtramaritalAffairs:WhatistheAllure? (2) What's the temptation of extramarital affairs? (2) Unit16TheHistoryofLoveandSex (1)The history of human sexuality (1)Unit17TheHistoryofLoveandSex (2)The history of human sexuality (2)Unit18KeepingRomanceinYourMarriage Cultivate the romantic flower of marriage Unit19TipstoWinHerHeartCoup wins her heartUnit20Teenagem 'FimtLoveBoys and girls' first loveUnit21AreHomosexualsBornthatWay?Is homosexuality natural?SectionC mind explorationUnit22CanSoulsBeXeroxed?Can the soul copy, too?Unit23MozartEffectmozart effectUnit24PalmReadingPsychologyPsychology of handUnit25WhyLeft-handersMayNotSee TheWoodfortheTrees?Why is left handers easy to see and not to see? Unit26Men&Women:DifferencesBetween the sexes there should be a prudent reserve Unit27MOrethanIJusttheBlues!Not only is depressed!Unit28VirtualCuresforRealworldPhobiaVirtual therapy for real phobiaUnit29SimpleTechniquestoStrengthenYour MemoryMusclesSimple techniques for strengthening memoryUnit30ThePowerofPretendThe magic of RPGUnit31ChildPsychologistJeanPiagetChild psychologist Jean PiagetUnit32RorschachIInkblotTestRorschach testUnit33LanguageandGenderLanguage differences and genderSectionD life of many edgesUnit34MysteryofLifemysteries of lifeUnit35BeatingtheStressofModernLifeWithMeditationMeditation: a way out of the stresses of modern life Unit36KeytoHappiness - LivingintheNowThe secret of a happy life: live in the present moment Unit37HealthyISBeautifulHealth is beautyUnit38TumblingToastandMurphy'sLawThe spilled toast and the Murphy ruleUnit39EQandOptimismEQ and optimismUnit40HappyorUnhappy? It'sUptoYou?Be unhappy, you decideSectionE international stormUnit41GeneralChennalt:FlyingTigerHiddenDragonGeneral Chenault: Flying Tiger Hidden DragonUnit42U.S.MerchantMarineinIWorldWarIIAmerican merchant ships in World War IIUnit43TheOriginofSuicideBombingTraceability of suicide explosionUnit44TorturegateOriginatesinUSCultureAmerican cultural origins of the "prisoner of torture"incident"Unit45Watergate:TheScandalthatBroughtDownRichardNixonWatergate scandal: the scandal of Nixon stepping downUnit46GeraldFord:AUSPresidentWhoHadNoRivalsGerard Ford: President of the United States without a rival Unit47WeMustNotRe electPresidentBushNot re-election as president BushUnit43ConcentrationCampconcentration campSect]lonF workplace grapplingUnit49OfficePoliticsISInescapableInescapable office politicsUnit50LeademhipStylesArtistic style of leadershipUnit51Job - hopping:Exemisewith.CautionJob hopping: be carefulUnit52TipsforWinningCareerGames.The secrets of the workplaceUnit53Self-criticismbyaCollegeEnglishTeacherA review of the work of a university teacherUnit54CheatinginJob-huntingFor the sake of seeking a post, the trick is exhausted Unit55FreeAgencyLiberal professionsUnit56CreativityinGroupWorkCreativity in a teamUnit57GenderGapinCommunicationatWorkplaceGender differences in office communicationSectionG healthcareUnit58WhytheBonesBreak?Why does senile fracture rise?Unit59SuperPilISuperpillUnit60WordsthatCanSaveaLifeHelp warningUnit61Subhealth--aNewThreattoHumanLife Sub health - a new human killerUnit62ThreeKindsofFatigueThree kinds of fatigueUnit63AvianFlu--HowScaredShouldYoube? Bird flu - are you afraid? 7Unit64FrenchFriesandCancerPotato carcinogenesisUnit65HairDyeDilemmasHair dye dilemmaUnit66ZincDeficiencyZinc DeficiencyUnit67GeneticallyModifiedFood, SafeorRisky? Genetically modified food, Foye? Disaster?Unit68LearningDisabilitiesLearning disabilityUnit69TheRobotAssistedMicrosurgery (RAMS)Robot assisted microsurgerySectionH economic outlookUnit70InvestinginVicesAn investment in sinUnit71MarketingtoInnocentsTo the young, ignorant marketingUnit72Europe'sShoppemGetWearyofSexinAdvertisingEuropean shoppers tired of advertising in the "sex"Unit73HousingDreamsHousing dreamUnit74Say "No" toOver-packagingSay "no" to excessive packaging"Unit75UrbanSprawl:IsItInevitable?Urban sprawl, an inevitable trend?Unit76ConsumptionofLuxuriesinChinaLuxury consumption in ChinaUnit77Asianization:TheInfluenceofAsiaonAmerica Asia: the influence of Asia on the United States Unit78TheStoryofWal.MartWAL-MART legendSectionI society wide angleUnit79HorrorShowontheInternetInternet horror showUnit80AreYouSafefromOnlineCrooks?Online fraud, you prevent it?Unit81ClassroomNoPlaceforRomanceTeachers and students love gray romanceUnit82WhatSpecialRolesDoesFatherPlay?Are you aware of your father's special role in the family? Unit83HowtoConfronttheAgingPopulation?The challenge of global aging: how to deal with it?Unit84GoingtoCollege, YourBestChoice?What's your best choice to go to college?Unit85HomeSchooling:ProsandConsHomeschooling: approval and oppositionUnit86GadgetsRuleonCollegeCampusesThe new equipment on the University CampusSectionJ literary and Art CirclesUnit87ThemesofImpressionistPaintingsThe theme of impressionist painting Unit88SocialImpactofHipHopMusicThe social impact of hip hop music Unit89LiftingtheLidonF1Lift the lid of the F1 racing carUnit90Odenteenng - - aCharmingSport Orienteering - glamorous!Unit91Olympics - PastandPresentThe Olympic GamesUnit92Nike'sSuccessThe road to success for NikeUnit93ARemarkablePoet - EmilyDickinson Yuen AI Julie Dickinson's wonderful ~ Unit94MuchAdoabout "Friends""A hubbub of "six lines"Unit95WhatPopCultureOffersLiteratureThe contribution of pop culture to classical literatureSectionK earth homesUnit96BadBagHabitsBad habits of plastic bagsUnit97HomeImproved - toSaveMoneyandThePlanetHome improvement - both economical and environmentally friendlyUnit98GIobalWarming - NotMan'sFault?Global warming - human beings?Unit99AnimalSuper-DadsAnimal world super daddyUnit100LifeExtremesinIOymyakoninSiberiaExtreme life in Siberia, AustriaUnit101TheOzoneHole:WhyoverAntarctica?Ozone hole: why is it over Antarctica?。

PinkMonkey®Literature Notes on . . ./Sample MonkeyNotesNote: this sample contains only excerpts and does not represent the full contents of the booknote. This will give you an idea of the format and content.White NoisebyDon Delillo1985MonkeyNotes by PinkMonkey Staff/, Inc. Copyright ©2001, All Rights ReservedDistribution without the written consent of , Inc. is strictly prohibited.KEY LITERARY ELEMENTSSETTINGThe setting of this novel is Blacksmith, a small, liberal arts college town in Middle America. The college is aptly named College-on-the-Hill.CHARACTERSMajor CharactersJack Gladney - The founder and professor of Hitler Studies at College-on-the-Hill.Babette - The current wife of Jack; mother of Denise, Wilder, and Eugene.Heinrich - The son of Jack and Janet Savory; pseudo-philosopher and media fanatic.Denise - The daughter of Babette and Bob Pardee; works hardest to solve the Dylar problem of her mother. Steffie - (Stephanie Rose) daughter of Jack and Dana Breedlove.; the wilder and youngest of the children; son of Babette and Jack; never says anything but frequently is missing.Murray Jay Siskind - The professor interested in car crashes and Elvis; is seen most often in the grocery store.Minor CharactersHoward Dunlop - Jack’s German instructor.Dana Breedlove - Jack’s first and fourth wife and part-time spy……..CONFLICTThe real conflict in this novel is with death. Babette, Jack, Murray, and the rest all seem preoccupied with death and avoiding it. The manifestation of this conflict seems to come at the very end, when Jack confronts Willie and shoots him.Protagonist - Jack Gladney is the protagonist. Not only is he the narrator, but he is also……Antagonist - There is no formal antagonist, but if we define antagonist as the object of the protagonist’s struggle and conflict, then death is the antagonist. Jack’s constant fear of death and……Climax - The climax of the novel comes when Jack tries to kill Willie and in the process, he is shot himself. This moment leads to the hospital, where both men are saved, and the last vestige of……Outcome - In effect, the novel ends with a greater sense of foreboding as well as a simultaneous sense of hope. The "white noise" is expanding, but the one character to whom the others look as……SHORT PLOT / CHAPTER SUMMARY (Synopsis)The plot is rather simple: an Airborn Toxic Event strikes a small college town. After a rather chaotic evacuation, the Gladneys are eventually allowed to come home. During this event, Jack is exposed to Nyodene D, which is potentially deadly. SIMUVAC is not satisfied with the data from the event and decides that a simulation is needed to prepare the town. Babette has been secretly taking an experimental drug, Dylar, forwhich he provides sex to the drugs inventor, Minks. Jack eventually finds out and confronts her. In the end, Jack confronts Minks and is shot in the process.THEMEMain ThemeThe primary theme of this novel is that death underlies all aspects of popular culture. The glitz, packaging, and showiness of popular culture is an attempt to hide death beneath the surfaces, eventually allowing the people to forget or become dulled to death.Minor ThemesOne minor theme is that one cannot focus on death; one must live life and not "die slowly." Both the SIMUVAC computer person and Winnie present this belief to Jack.A second minor theme is that we as a culture cannot see reality. The "Most Photographed Barn…….MOODThe mood of the novel is ironic. This novel repeatedly makes irony of contemporary culture and life. All of the clichés and stereotypes about contemporary America are presented as……AUTHOR INFORMATION - BIOGRAPHYDon Delillo was born in New York in 1936. He is a contemporary American writer who has written numerous novels, including The Names, End Zone, Ratner’s Star, White Noise, Americana, Libra, Mao II, Great Jones Street, Running Dog,and Players. Most of his novels deal with contemporary American popular culture; at times they appear to critique contemporary culture while at others they seem to reveal in the kitsch. LITERARY/HISTORICAL INFORMATIONDelillo’s fiction should be considered as a literary version of Pop Art. He is conscious of this, even titling one of his novels, Mao II, after a silkscreen by Andy Warhol. Other novels of his focus on college football (End Zone) and the John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy (Libra).As part of contemporary American fiction, White Noise explores the interaction of the media and popular culture with high art. Aspects of consumer culture are strewn throughout the narrative for no other reason than to simulate the constant presence of products and advertisements in our lives.CHAPTER SUMMARIES WITH NOTESPART 1: WAVES AND RADIATIONChapter 1SummaryA line of station wagons arrives with college students getting ready for the semester. Jack Gladney is watching them, noting the possessions that they bring with them. He also notes how similar the families, students, and possessions are. He also mentions that there is an insane asylum nearby as well as a freeway. He concludes by informing the reader that he is a professor of Hitler Studies and in fact started the field of Hitler studies itself. NotesThis first chapter establishes the setting, the small college town of Blacksmith. The setting is important because it is cliché Middle America. By setting the story here, Delillo effectively is saying, "this is America."We are also introduced to the protagonist, Jack Gladden, who is a professor of Hitler Studies. Hitler Studies is important to Jack because it is a neat packaging of death. Jack does not deal with the 6 million Jews, gypsies, disabled, homosexuals, etc that Hitler ordered killed; he focuses on the celebrity and the trivia. Unimaginable death is hidden behind the word "Hitler," which in turn is sanitized by being a field of intellectual pursuit (reality is made theoretical).Chapter 2SummaryThe second chapter is a description of Babette, Jack’s wife. She is upset because Jack forgot to remind her about the arrival of the station wagons. One of her activities is to read tabloids to an elderly gentleman named Treadwell.She and Jack have a brief discussion on how the rich experience death. Jack suggests that maybe it is merely a transference of documents. During this discussion, she asks where Wilder, their youngest child (and the only one that has both of them as its parents), has gone. Wilder is found, and the three other kids that live with them, Steffie, Denise, and Heinrich, all come downstairs. Steffie and Denise discuss Babette’s tendency to buy health food that she will not eat, thinking that if she buys it, she will feel compelled to eat it. There is a brief focus on the packaging and white noise surrounding them.NotesHere we are introduced to Babette who is again, a kind of cliché. The name itself suggests the unintelligent wife who merely looks pretty. We meet her and see that her actions are typically American: she is worried about death and she feels that all she has to do is buy the product (not use it) and its effects will be felt.The discussion between Babette and Jack about the rich and death is a way to describe death without making it personal. This allows the two of them security because it removes part of the fear of dying. Delillo is also making a statement about the degree to which death has disappeared in this culture: many of us no longer understand the physicality of death; for us it merely entails changing something in a computer file or filing papers.We are introduced to the rest of the children who live with Jack and Babette. Wilder’s disappearance foreshadows his later runaway.Chapter 3SummaryThis chapter returns to school campus. We are told that the Hitler Studies Department is in the same building as the Popular Culture Department. The one professor of popular culture, which Jack sees as being different (and he likes) is Murray Jay Siskind, who lectures on living icons. Murray lives in a rooming house with a number of odd types. Murray states that he is envious of the way that Jack has taken a figure and made a career out of him, in a way, making Hitler his own. Murray says that he wants to do the same thing with Elvis. Murray and Jack take a short trip to see "The Most Photographed Barn in America." There are five signs pronouncing it "The Most Photographed" along the highway. While they are there, they discuss the impossibility of seeing the barn through the aura surrounding it. The barn is a celebrity for the sake of being a celebrity.NotesThe irony here is that Hitler studies is not placed in the History building but in the Popular Culture Building.This is vital to the understanding of Jack’s work. He is not interested in understanding World War II better; he is interested in how one becomes a celebrity and how one packages death. Hitler was a superstar and sex idol in Germany in the later 1930s and early 1940s: he was Elvis, Marilyn Monroe, and John F. Kennedy rolled up in one. This is what Jack is most interested in. Murray, Jack’s one real professor friend, wants to make Elvis into the same kind of academic commodity that Jack has made Hitler into. He is attempting to redefine "greatness" and "worthiness of study.""The Most Photographed Barn in America" is an important scene because it reveals how we as participants in American culture are often more interested in the copy than the original (this idea is know as simulacra or hyper-reality). Those who photograph the barn participate in a group celebrity: they gain fame by……OVERALL ANALYSESCHARACTER ANALYSISThe characters are all rather superficial and stereotypical. No one extends beyond his/her role. Delillo’s characters do not achieve any kind of conscious enlightenment, but they do tend to progress slowly. Jack ultimately comes to see that focusing on death can itself be fatal. Babette moves towards a focus on Wilder. The rest do seem rather static.Characters provide the opportunity for Delillo, like Thomas Pynchon, to create allusions and references that expand the potential significance of a character, often to the point of absurdity. Heinrich, as an allusion to Himmler, the director the SS, Hitler’s information gathering police, seems…..PLOT STRUCTURE ANALYSISThe plot is insofar as Delillo needs events to occur so that he can have simulated events to supercede them. As far as the narrative is concerned, the plot is arbitrary. The characters interact with popular culture. What is relevant about the plot is that it occurs as a few well spaced dramatic and……THEMES - THEME ANALYSISThe themes in this novel revolve around popular culture and death. Therefore, one must look at those two things as being interchangeable. This is not to say that they always are, but that they sometimes are. By seeing the grocery store as a place where death is hidden behind the bright packaging, the culture takes on a much more ominous tone. Likewise, to see death as a media event, forces us to……STUDY QUESTIONS1) Do you think that Jack in his role as professor of Hitler Studies has an impact on his relationships,identities, and his sense of mortality?2) Does the family unit have an relationship to the novel and Jack's relations?……Copyright ©2001 , Inc.All Rights Reserved. Distribution without the written consent of , Inc. is prohibited.END OF SAMPLE MONKEYNOTES EXCERPTS/。

American CultureTheme 1 Brief introductionThe culture of the United States is primarily Western, but is influenced by Native American, African, Asian, Polynesian, and Latin American cultures. A strand of what may be described as American culture started its formation over 10,000 years ago with the migration of Paleo-Indians from Asia, as well as from Oceania and Europe, into the region that is today the continental United States. The United States of America has its own unique social and cultural characteristics such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore. The United States of America is an ethnically and racially diverse country as a result of large-scale migration from many ethnically and racially different countries throughout its history as well as differing birth and death rates among natives, settlers, and immigrants.Its chief early European influences came from English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish settlers of colonial Americaduring British rule. Other important influences came from other parts of Europe, especially Germany, France, and Italy.Original elements also play a strong role, such as Jeffersonian democracy. Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia was perhaps thefirst influential domestic cultural critique by an American and a reactionary piece to the prevailing European consensus that America's domestic originality was degenerate. Prevalent ideas and ideals that evolved domestically, such as national holidays, uniquely American sports, military tradition, and innovations in the arts and entertainment give a strong sense of national pride among the population as a whole.American culture includes conservative and liberal elements, scientific and religious competitiveness, political structures, risk taking and frees expression, materialist and moral elements. Despite certain consistent ideological principles (e.g. individualism, egalitarianism, and faith in freedom and democracy), American culture has a variety of expressions due to its geographical scale and demographic diversity. The flexibility of U.S. culture and its highly symbolic nature lead some researchers to categorize American culture as a mythic identity; others see it as American exceptionalism .The United States has traditionally been thought of as a melting pot, however beginning in the 1960s and continuing on in the present day, the country trends towards cultural diversity, pluralism and the image of a salad bowl instead. Due to the extent of American culture, there are many integrated but unique social subcultures within the United States. The cultural affiliations an individual in the United States may have commonly depend on social class, political orientation and a multitude of demographic characteristics such as religious background, occupation and ethnic group membership.We will elaborate American culture from the four following dimensions; they are American social culture, American entertainment, American lifestyle and American personal heroism.Theme 2American Social Culture2.1IndividualismAs what has been mentioned before，the most important and basic characteristic of American culture is individualism. The pioneer spirit，handed down to the present generation of Americans, to the present movies, includes the concepts of self-reliance, self-actualization, and personal growth. So, parents or teachers, for example, seldom question the seeming self-centeredness of the American child. It is implicitly accepted that each person whether he is an adult or a child，should be encouraged to make his own decisions, solve his own problems，and have his own possessions．In general, Americans learn to view the world from their own point of view, that of the individual self．2.2EqualityA second aspect of American culture and value is the emphasis placed on equality. Edward Stewart, a well-known expert on American culture, noted that in most American social relationships，“each person is ascribed an irreducible value because of his humanness. When a personal confrontation is required between two persons of different hierarchical levels, there is animplicit tendency to establish an atmosphere of equality.”2.3ProgressA third aspect of American culture is the value placed on progress.The first concerns the relationship between parents and their children. Most American students have been raised to respect their parents．They consider and value highly what their parents have taught them．Most American children believe that their parents’ideas and standards are necessarily the best．Americans think that there is always some change to be made for the better．A second area involves the Americans concept of time. They are very time-conscious, perhaps because time is such an important factor in the world of business and material acquisition. Americans tend to live by the motto，“Time is money．”They believe they themselves should use their time well and get the most from it.2.4OptimismA forth aspect of American culture is the optimism of Americans. They often face life with smiles and humorous words. When being stopped or prevented from barriers or difficulties，they often hold optimistic attitude and tell themselves not to be worried but to be brave and hardworking in order to overcome the obstacles. Of course，“American Humor”is also an important characteristic of Americans．There are so many classical or careless humors of this style in each cartoon movies．Garfield is famous for his classical quotations that have amused people all over the world，for example, “Moneyis not everything. There's MasterCard＆Visa．”“The more you learn，the more you know，the more you know．and the more you forget．The more you forget, the less you know, so why bother to learn.”Theme3 American EntertainmentAmerican economic system of high productivity makes people more leisure time. In order to help people enjoy free, casino, urban parks and swimming pool are everywhere. Federal and state governments are both involved in park construction. They also take responsibility for providing other recreational equipments. Americans will spend most of their spare time at home. Television provides various entertainments, including movie, drama and professional sports. We will elaborate Americans entertainment culture in following aspects.3.1American MusicAmerican music had a great effect on music across the world. It appeared early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using blues and other elements of American folk music. These popular styles included country, R&B, jazz and rock. The 1960s and '70s saw a number of important changes in American popular music, including the development of a number of new styles, such as heavy metal, punk, soul, and hip hop. Though these styles are not popular in the sense of mainstream, they are actually commercially recorded andexamples of popular music.For example, music is a kind of American popular music that originated in the rural regions of the Southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from American folk music, Western cowboy. Country music's strongest appeal is with American rural and small-town populations, but many American cities have a large audience. The music also has listeners in Canada, in Liverpool, England, and other places worldwide. The popularity of Country comes and goes with each decade. Sometimes a new movie (like Midnight Cowboy or Urban Cowboy), hit record, or new performer raises new interest.3.2Street DanceStreet dance refers to dance styles initially performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. Street dance has highly participatory and competitive performance. It includes a wide range of styles notably breaking, locking, and popping which were created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States。

商场内常用英文Here is an essay on the topic of "Common English Used in Malls" that is written in English and contains more than 1,000 words in the main body, as requested.Entering a mall, one is immediately immersed in a world of English vocabulary and phrases. From the moment you step through the automatic doors, the language of commerce and consumerism surrounds you. The ubiquity of English in the mall environment is a reflection of its status as the global lingua franca and the pervasive influence of American popular culture.At the entrance, you may encounter a greeter welcoming you with a friendly "Good morning" or "Welcome to our store." This standard salutation is followed by inquiries about your shopping needs "Can I help you find anything today" or invitations to explore "Feel free to look around." These cordial phrases are designed to put customers at ease and encourage them to engage with the retail space.As you navigate the mall, you'll encounter a host of English signage guiding your journey. Directional signs point the way to "Food Court," "Restrooms," and "Exit," while overhead announcementsbeckon customers to various "Sales" and "Promotions." The names of individual stores and kiosks are almost exclusively in English, reflecting the global dominance of American and British brands.Within the stores themselves, the prevalence of English continues. Clothing racks are labeled with size designations like "S," "M," "L," and "XL," while price tags display the dollar symbol "$" to denote the currency. Customers may be greeted by sales associates offering assistance "How can I help you today" or drawing attention to featured items "This jacket is our best seller."The language of the dressing room is also firmly rooted in English. Shoppers will encounter signs instructing them to "Please Remove Shoes" and to "Return Hangers." When ready to make a purchase, they'll approach the checkout counter, where they'll hear phrases like "Cash or credit" and "Would you like a bag for that" from the cashier.Beyond the shopping experience, the mall environment is saturated with English in the form of advertisements and promotional messaging. Posters and digital screens showcase the latest "Fashion Trends" and "Back to School Deals," while food court menus feature familiar items like "Burgers," "Fries," and "Milkshakes." Even the background music playing overhead is likely to feature popular English-language songs.The prevalence of English in malls extends beyond the immediate shopping experience and into the realm of customer service and information. Shoppers may need to inquire about store hours, exchange policies, or the location of specific amenities. In these situations, they can confidently rely on the mall staff's fluency in English to address their needs.Furthermore, the ubiquity of English in malls facilitates the integration of international tourists and immigrants into the shopping experience. Regardless of one's native language, the dominance of English ensures that everyone can navigate the mall and engage with the retail environment.This linguistic landscape is not merely a result of the globalization of American consumerism but also a reflection of the practical necessity of a common language in the modern marketplace. As malls cater to diverse customer bases, English has emerged as the most logical choice to facilitate seamless communication and transactions.In conclusion, the prevalence of English in malls is a testament to its status as the global lingua franca and the pervasive influence of American popular culture. From the moment one enters the mall to the moment they exit, the English language is omnipresent, guiding the shopping experience and enabling communication across cultural and linguistic boundaries. This linguistic landscape is notonly a practical necessity but also a reflection of the interconnected nature of the modern world.。

小学下册英语第二单元全练全测英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1. A mineral's hardness is measured on the ______ scale.2.My dad teaches me the importance of __________ (诚实).3.What do you call a person who studies plants?A. BiologistB. BotanistC. ZoologistD. EcologistB4.He is a _____ (企业家) who started his own business.5.__________ are used to indicate the concentration of a solution.6.Which celestial body orbits the Earth?A. SunB. MoonC. MarsD. Venus答案:B7.What is the capital of Canada?A. TorontoB. VancouverC. OttawaD. MontrealC8.The Earth's crust is made up of different __________.9.The owl is awake at _______ (猫头鹰在_______时醒着).10.The main gas in the atmosphere is _____.11. A turtle moves slowly but has a hard _______.12.What is the main function of leaves on a plant?A. To absorb waterB. To make foodC. To store energyD. To support the stemB13.Where do fish live?A. TreesB. WaterC. LandD. SkyB14.What do you call a large area of land covered with grass?A. DesertB. PrairieC. ForestD. SwampB15.We are going to ___ a movie. (see)16.In ancient Rome, people watched __________ (角斗士) fight in the Colosseum.17.The process of fermentation is important in making __________.18.The __________ (历史的回音) can still be heard today.19.Some frogs can change ______.20.What do you wear on your feet?A. HatB. ShirtC. ShoesD. Belt21.I like to ______ (学习) about different cultures.22.Planting bulbs can lead to beautiful ______ (花朵) in spring.23.What instrument is used to measure angles?A. RulerB. CompassC. ProtractorD. CaliperC24.What is the color of a typical chocolate bar?A. BrownB. WhiteC. BlackD. PurpleA25.The ______ (生态) plays a role in the survival of many species.26.I have a dream to write a ________ (书). It will be about my ________ (冒险).27.The lion is the ______ (king) of the jungle.28.The process of rusting is an example of a chemical ______.29.古代的________ (families) 在社会中发挥着重要作用。

21世纪⼤学实⽤英语综合教程第⼆册Unit1教案1st period Text A (Global Reading)1 Background InformationEnglish LanguageThe English language is the most widely spoken language in the world. It is used as either a primary or secondary language in many countries.During the 1500s, fewer than 2 million people spoke English. All of them lived in what is now Great Britain. Through thecenturies, as the result of various historical events, English spread throughout the world. Today, about 400 million people speak English as their native language. Most of them live in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States.Another 100 million people living chiefly in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and in many African countries speak English in addition to their own language. An additional 200 million people probably know at least some English. (From the 1998 World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia)Characteristics of EnglishV ocabulary. English has a larger vocabulary than any other language. There are more than 600,000 words in the largest dictionaries of the English language.Some English words have been passed on from generation to generation as far back as scholars can trace. These words, such as woman, man, sun, hand, love, go, and eat, express basic ideas and feelings. Later, many words were borrowed from other languages, including Arabic, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin, Russian, and Spanish. For example, algebra is from Arabic, fashion from French, piano from Italian, and canyon from Spanish.A number of words, such as doghouse and splashdown, were formed by combining other words. New words were also created by blending words. For example, motor and hotel were blended into motel. Words can be shortened to form new words, as was done with history to form story. Words called acronyms are formed by using the first letter or letters of several words. The word radar is an acronym for radio detection and ranging.Pronunciation and spelling in English sometimes seem illogical or inconsistent. Many words are spelled similarly though pronounced differently. Examples include cough, though, and through. Other words, such as blue, crew, to, too, and shoe, have similar pronunciations but are spelled differently. Many of these variations show changes that occurred during the development of English. The spelling of some words remained the same through the centuries, though their pronunciation changed.Grammar is the set of principles used to create sentences. These principles define the elements used to assemble sentences and the relationships between the elements. The elements include parts of speech and inflections.Parts of speech are the word categories of the English language. Scholars do not all agree on how to describe the parts of speech. The traditional description listseight classes: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. The most important relationships of the parts of speech include subject and verb, verb and predicate, and modifier and the word modified.English has fewer inflections than most other European languages. An English noun has only two inflections, the plural and the possessive. Inflections are used to change the tense and number of a verb or the case of a pronoun. Inflections can change adjectives to the comparative or the superlative — for example, big, bigger, biggest.American EnglishAmerican English is a variety of the English language spoken in the United States. Although all Americans do not speak the same way, their speech has enough in common that American English can be recognized as a variety of English distinct from British English, Australian English, and other national varieties. American English has grown up with the country. It began to diverge from British English during its colonial beginnings and acquired regional differences and ethnic flavor during the settlement of the continent.Today it influences other languages and other varieties of English because it is the medium by which the attractions of American culture — its literature, motion pictures, and television programs — are transmitted to the world. Characteristics of American EnglishA. PronunciationIn broad terms, Canadian and American speakers tend to sound like one another. They also tend to sound different from a large group of English speakers who sound more British, such as those in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. For example, most Canadians and Americans pronounce an r sound after the vowel in words like barn, car,and farther, while speakers from the British English group do not. Also, some British English speakers drop h sounds at the beginning of words, so that he and his are pronounced as if they were spelled ee and is. The English spoken in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa sounds more like British English than American English does because these varieties have had less time to diverge from British English. The process of separate development began later in these countries than in North America.In some cases there are differences between American English and British English in the rhythm of words. British speakersseem to leave out a syllable in words like secretary, as if it were spelled secretry, while Americans keep all the syllables. The opposite is true of other words, such as specialty, which Americans pronounce with three syllables (spe-cial-ty) while British speakers pronounce it with five syllables (spe-ci-al-i-ty). V owels and consonants may also have different pronunciations. British speakers pronounce zebra to rhyme with Debra, while American speakers make zebra rhyme with Libra. Canadian and British speakers pronounce the word schedule as if it began with an sh sound, while Americans pronounce it as if it began with an sk sound.B. WordsThe most frequently used words are shared by speakers of different varieties of English. These words include the most common nouns, the most common verbs, and most function words (such as pronouns, articles, and prepositions). The different varieties of English do, however, use different words for many words that are slightly less common —for example, British crisps for American potato chips, Australian billabong for American pond, and Canadian chesterfield for American sofa. It is even more common for the same word to exist with different meanings in different varieties of English.Corn is a general term in Britain, for which Americans use grain, while corn in American English is a specific kind of grain. The word pond in British English usually refers to an artificial body of water, whereas ponds also occur naturally in North America. British English chemist is the same as American English drugstore, and in Canada people go to the druggist. Many of the words most easily recognized as American in origin are associated with aspects of American popular culture, such as gangster or cowboy.C. SpellingAmerican English spelling differs from British English spelling largely because of one man, American lexicographer Noah Webster. In addition to his well-known An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828), Webster published The American Spelling Book (1783, with many subsequent editions), which became one of the most widely used schoolbooks in American history. Webster’s books sought to standardize spelling in the United States by promoting the use of an American language that intentionally differed from British English. The development of a specifically American variety of Englis h mirrored the newcountry’s separate political development. Webster’s most successful changes were spellings with or instead of our (honor, labor for the British honour, labour); with er instead of re (center, theater for the British centre, theatre); with an s instead of a c (defense, license for the British defence, licence); with a final ck instead of que (check, mask for the British cheque, masque); and without a final k (traffic, public, now also used in British English, for the older traffick, publick). Later spelling reform created a few other differences, such as program for British programme. Canadian spelling varies between the British and American forms, more British in eastern Canada and more American in western Canada.2. Group DiscussionHave you ever had an experience in which you are misunderstood or have failed to understand others? Misunderstandings can result from the spoken form or written form of the language that you use.2nd period Text A (Detailed Reading)Words and Expressions & Difficult Sentences1) misunderstanding: n. (an example of) wrong understanding 误解，误会e.g. Her poor French often leads to misunderstandings when she visits France. misunderstand: vt. understand wrongly 误解e.g. I’m sorry, I misunderstood you.It seems that you have misunderstood what I said at the meeting.2) get on: board (a bus, a train, etc.)登上（公共汽车、⽕车等）e.g. When I got on the bus, I found all the seats were occupied.They felt worried when they realized that they had got on the wrong train.3) head for: go towards 向…⾛去；朝…⾏进e.g. The ship was heading for Britain.He headed for the bus stop.4) …he could ride to New York without paying.介词without 解释为“不、未”，其后跟动词时，须⽤V-ing形式。