Ottawa,April 11,2008 MEMORANDUM D15-2-13

SAILING (BOSTON GLOBE)The 100-strong fleet sail past the historic three-masted clipper "James Craig" after the start of the annual 628 nautical mile Sydney Hobart Yacht Race on December 26, 2008. (TORSTEN BLACKWOOD/AFP/Getty Images)A crew member of the Puma racing team pulls in a sail during the Volvo Ocean in-port race in Alicante, Spain, Saturday Oct. 4, 2008. The 2008-09 Volvo OceanRace, Covering 10 legs and 36,995 nautical miles, started Oct. 11 in Alicante and is scheduled to end in St. Petersburg, Russia, on June 27, 2009. (APPhoto/Alberto Saiz)The 100-strong fleet sail past the historic three-masted clipper "James Craig" after the start of the annual 628 nautical mile Sydney Hobart Yacht Race onDecember26,2008. (TORSTEN BLACKWOOD/AFP/Getty Images)Richard Branson's boat "Virgin Money" sails in the ocean after departing New York, in an attempt to break the transatlantic mono-hull sailing record, October 22, 2008. About 30 hours into the voyage, the crew started having problems and ripped the boat's main sail. Not long after that, the voyagewas aborted. (REUTERS/Chip East)The tall ships Lady Washington, right, and Hawaiian Chieftain, left, sail on San Francisco Bay, Monday, Oct. 20, 2008. The tall ships arrived from Grays Harbor, Wash.,and were on an educational visit to the Bay area. (AP Photo/Eric Risberg)The Ericsson Racing Team -Ericsson 4 sails during the start of the first leg of the Volvo Ocean Race from Alicante to Cape Town on October 11, 2008 in Alicante, Spain. The fleet of eight teams participating in the Volvo Ocean Race will race arround the world over ten legs to finish in StPetersburg in late June, 2009. (Jasper Juinen/Getty Images)Australian supermaxi "Wild Oats XI", skippered by Mark Richards, is seen sailing past Tasman Island at sunrise as it approached the finish line of the 64th annual 628-nautical mile Sydney Hobart Yacht Race on December 28, 2008. "Wild Oats XI" won Australia's premier blue water classic for a record fourth consecutive year in an elapsed time of one day, 20 hours, 34 minutes and 14 seconds. (DANIEL FORSTER/AFP/Getty Images)A red-sailed ship is seen sailing toward Salisbury Beach, Massachusetts on July 9th, 2008 (Boston Globe)Ben Ainslie with the JP Morgan Extreme 40 sailing team sail the Extreme 40 catamaran on the River Thames to celebrate Ben Ainslie's triple Olympic gold medalsuccess on September 5, 2008 in London, England. (Cate Gillon/Getty Images)Tall ships take part in the so-called Windjammerparade tall ship parade at the Kieler Woche sailing event on June 28, 2008 at the port of Kiel, northern Germany. Organisers of the Kieler Woche (Kiel Week), one of the biggest sailing events in the world, expected more than three millionvisitors from 70 countries. (ROLAND MAGUNIA/AFP/Getty Images)Classic yachts sail in the bay of Cannes, southeastern France, during the 30th Régates Royales of Cannes, Thursday, Sept. 25,2008. The Régates Royales was the focal point of the season with more than 150 crews sailing on 10 to 50 meter long classic yachts. (AP Photo/Lionel Cironneau)The Maltese Falcon, a clipper sailing luxury yacht owned by U.S. venture capitalist Tom Perkins, sails into San Francisco Bay September 27, 2008.At 289.1 feet (88 metres), the vessel is one of the largest privately owned sailing yachts in the world. (REUTERS/Robert Galbraith)Yachts bustle for a good line at the start of the Big Boat Challenge in Sydney, Australia, Tuesday, Dec. 16, 2008. The Big Boat Challenge was a warm up race and a chance for the Maxi Yachts to test their boats ahead of the Sydney To Hobart Yacht Race. (AP Photo/Rob Griffith)A Tall Ship comes into Merseyside, sailing past the Burbo Bank windfarm on the approach to the Port of Liverpool on July 18, 2008, Liverpool, England. (ChristopherFurlong/Getty Images)A ship sailes under the Flaubert bridge on the Seine river upon its arrival at Rouen's harbour, western France, during the Sail 2008 armada event, on July 3rd, 2008.(ROBERT FRANCOIS/AFP/Getty Images)A replica of "Argo", the mythical ship that bore Jason and the Argonauts on their heroic quest for the Golden Fleece, sails in the Corinth canal in Korinthos, some 80 kms west of Athens on July 2, 2008.(ARIS MESSINIS/AFP)United States Coast Guard cadets stand at parade rest atop the mast of the U.S. Coast Guard training vessel "Barque Eagle", on July 1, 2008 as the boat rounds West Point off Magnolia and nears Seattle. The boat was taken as a war prize from Germany after World War II and is the only sailing vessel in the U.S. maritime services. (AP Photo/Seattle Post-Intelligencer/Joshua Trujillo)People walk along the embankment of the Neva River with the Russian tall ship Mir illuminated in the background, in St. Petersburg, Russia, early Saturday, June 21,2008. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky)Supermaxi "Skandia" all but disappears in a trough as she heads for open water after the start of the annual 628 nautical mile Sydney Hobart Yacht Race in Australiaon December 26, 2008. (TORSTEN BLACKWOOD/AFP/Getty Images)The Romanian tall-ship Mircea sails into Brest harbour in Brittany, western France, July 10, 2008 to take part in the Brest 2008international maritime festival.(REUTERS/Stephane Mahe)Billy Gernertt, gunner's mate for the tall ship Lynx, yells, "Live Free or Die!" before firing a dummy charge from its cannon toward the Hawaiian Chieftain during a mock battle on Commencement Bay in Washington State on Friday July 4, 2008. (DREW PERINE/AP)Tall ships take part in the so-called Windjammerparade tall ship parade at the Kieler Woche sailing event on June 28, 2008 at the port of Kiel, northern Germany.(ROLAND MAGUNIA/AFP/Getty Images)The fleet sails out of Sydney Harbor after the start of the 2008 Rolex Sydney to Hobart Yacht race in Sydney, Australia, Friday,Dec. 26, 2008. (AP Photo/ROLEX/Daniel Forster, HO)Volvo Ocean Race yacht Puma arrives off Cape Town, South Africa in second place during the first stage of the 2008-2009 Volvo Ocean Race November 2, 2008.(REUTERS/Mike Hutchings)The viking longship Sea Stallion of Glendalough sails through the Limfjorden in Northern Jutland on August 3, 2008 after its journey across the North Sea. The ship, a reconstruction of a 30 metre long warship built in Dublin in the viking age, was on its way back to the Viking Museum in the town of Roskilde where it built as a reconstruction of the Skuldelev 2, which was excavated in Roskilde Fjord fifty years ago. Research has established that the ship was originally built in Dublin byvikings in 1042. (HENNING BAGGER/AFP/Getty Images)The Puma Team sails alongside the Ericsson Racing Team -Ericsson 4 during the start of the first leg of the Volvo Ocean Race from Alicante to Cape Town onOctober 11, 2008 in Alicante, Spain. (Jasper Juinen/Getty Images)Spectators up the mast on the Tasmanian tall ship James Craig watch the fleet sail out of Sydney Harbour after the start of the 2008 Rolex Sydney to Hobart Yacht race in Sydney, Australia, Friday, Dec. 26, 2008. (AP Photo/ROLEX, Daniel Forster, HO)Limit sails past Tasman Island towards the finish line in Hobart during the Sydney to Hobart yacht race in Australia Sunday, Dec. 28, 2008. (AP Photo/Rolex, DanielForster)The ARM Cuauhtemoc, a training vessel of the Mexican Navy, named after the last Aztec emperor, sails on the River Mersey as part of the Tall Ships race in Liverpool,England, Monday July 21, 2008. (AP Photo/Peter Byrne-pa)Volvo Ocean Race yacht Puma arrives off Cape Town in second place during the first stage of the 2008-2009 Volvo Ocean Race November 2, 2008. (REUTERS/MikeHutchings (SOUTH AFRICA)2009。

Ottawa, June 3, 2008 MEMORANDUM D19-10-2In BriefEXPORT AND IMPORT PERMITS ACT (IMPORTATIONS)The following changes have been made to accurately reflect the Canada Border Services Agency’s (CBSA) role in administering the provisions of the Export and Import Permits Act:(a)In paragraph 2, references to the applicable legislation are now available on the Department of Justice Web site.(b)In paragraph 12, references to the general import permits are now available on the Department of Justice Web site.(c)In paragraph 16, reference to D10-18-5, Customs Bonded Warehouses TRQ Agricultural Goods, is now mentioned.(d)In paragraph 19, updated information is provided on clothing and textiles.(e)In paragraphs 31 and 32, new information is provided on disposal of goods.(f)In paragraphs 35 and 36, new contact information is provided.(g)Appendices A and B have been updated to include new document examples.(h)Appendix C has been updated to include changes to the Import Control List.(i)In addition, other paragraphs contain minor changes to reflect new terminology.Ottawa, June 3, 2008 MEMORANDUM D19-10-2EXPORT AND IMPORT PERMITS ACT(IMPORTATIONS)The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) assists Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada with the administration of the Export and Import Permits Act . This memorandum outlines the requirements and permitprocedures for the importation of goods listed in the Import Control List.TABLE OF CONTENTSPage Legislation 1 Guidelines and General Information 2Introduction 2Import Controls 2General Import Permits 2TRQ Goods 3Personal Importations of TRQ Goods 3Clothing and Textiles 3Carbon Steel and Specialty Steel 3 Import Permit Procedures 4 Amendments to Permits 4 Detentions/Rejections 4 Disposal of Goods 4 Penalty Information 5 Additional Information 5 Appendix A – Application for Import/Export Permit 6Appendix B – Transaction Record 8Appendix C – Import Control List 9Appendix D – Quick Reference Guide for PersonalImportations of Agricultural Tariff RateQuota Goods 10Appendix E – Import Permit Procedures 11LEGISLATIONExport and Import Permits ActAuthorization for establishing the Import Control List is outlined below. 5. (1) The Governor in Council may establish a list of goods, to be called an Import Control List, including thereinany article the import of which the Governor in Council deems it necessary to control for any of the following purposes:(a) to ensure, in accordance with the needs of Canada, the best possible supply and distribution of an article that is scarce in world markets or in Canada or is subject to governmental controls in the countries of origin or to allocation by intergovernmental arrangement;(b) to restrict, for the purpose of supporting any action taken under the Farm Products Marketing Agencies Act , the importation in any form of a like article to one produced or marketed in Canada the quantities of which are fixed or determined under that Act; (c) [Repealed, 1994, c. 47, s. 220](c .1) to restrict the importation of arms, ammunition, implements or munitions of war, army, naval or air stores, or any articles deemed capable of beingconverted thereinto or made useful in the production thereof;(d) to implement an action taken under the Agricultural Marketing Programs Act or the Canadian Dairy Commission Act , with the object or effect of supporting the price of the article; (e) to implement an intergovernmental arrangement orcommitment; or(f) to prevent the frustration or circumvention of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing in Annex 1A of the World Trade Organization Agreement by the importation of goods that are like or directly competitive with goods to which the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing applies. Authorization for amending or altering permits includes the following subsection: 10. (1) Subject to subsection (3), the Minister mayamend, suspend, cancel or reinstate any permit, importallocation, export allocation, certificate or other authorization issued or granted under this Act. Prohibitions under this Act include the following section:14. No person shall import or attempt to import anygoods included in an Import Control List except under the authority of and in accordance with an import permit issuedunder this Act. Various responsibilities and authorities of borderservices officers are set out in the sections of the Act listed below.24. All officers, as defined in the Customs Act , before permitting the export or transfer of any goods or technology or the import of any goods, shall satisfy themselves that the exporter, importer or transferor, as the case may be, has not contravened any of the provisions of this Act or theregulations and that all requirements of this Act and the regulations with reference to the goods or technology have been complied with.25. All officers, as defined in the Customs Act, have, with respect to any goods or technology to which this Act applies, all the powers they have under the Customs Act with respect to the importation and exportation of goods, and all the provisions of that Act and the regulations under it respecting search, detention, seizure, forfeiture and condemnation apply, with such modifications as the circumstances require, to any goods or technology that is tendered for export, transfer or import or is exported, transferred or imported or otherwise dealt with contrary to this Act and the regulations and to all documents relating to the goods or technology.GUIDELINES ANDGENERAL INFORMATIONIntroduction1. The Export and Import Permits Act (EIPA) gives authority to the Governor in Council to establish various control lists, including an Import Control List (ICL). The Act allows the designated minister (the Minister of Foreign Affairs) to issue import permits and, under certain conditions, to alter, suspend, cancel and reinstate any permit issued under the Act. The Act also outlines offences, penalties, border services officers’ duties and the application of powers under the Customs Act. In addition, it gives to the Governor in Council the authority to establish regulations pertaining to the administration of the EIPA.2. The EIPA, the ICL and the general import permits (GIPs) can be found on the Department of Justice’s Web site at http://laws.justice.gc.ca.Import Controls3. Individual import permits issued by Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada are to be obtained for the importation of products listed on the ICL, except in cases where such products are permitted importation under the authority of the GIP. An outline of the ICL can be found in Appendix C. Import permits are also to be obtained when goods are entered into a customs bonded warehouse, except for certain non-NAFTA beef and veal. In the case of sufferance warehouses, import permits are to be obtained before the time of release.4. It should be noted that goods identified on the ICL that are imported under temporary entry provisions(e.g. Form E29B, Temporary Admission Permit, or an ATA Carnet) are subject to the permit requirements of the EIPA.5. Applications for an import permit can be made either to the Export and Import Controls Bureau of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada (see paragraph 37) or to selected customs brokers approved by that department. A sample Application for Import/Export Permit(Form EXT 1466) can be found in Appendix A.6. EXCAPS (Foreign Affairs/Customs Automated Permit System) provides for the electronic transmission of permit information directly from Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada to the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). This eliminates the requirement for importers to present paper permits to the CBSA (except at non-terminal offices) when obtaining release of goods controlled under the EIPA. In all cases, Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada will issue a transaction record to the importer or broker to serve as a receipt showing that the permit has been issued. Importers using non-terminal offices or who have goods documented on a Form E29B or an ATA Carnet will be required to present a copy of the transaction record at the time of release (except agricultural tariff rate quota [TRQ] goods) to substantiate that a permit has been issued by Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. A sample of the transaction record is provided in Appendix B.7. When an application for an import permit is completed (Form EXT 1466), the CBSA’s transaction number must be shown in field 2. In the event an importer does not have a transaction number, the CBSA will assign a transaction number to the shipment when release is requested.8. An import permit becomes valid when the permit information has been transmitted electronically by Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada to the CBSA office where goods are to be released.9. In the event that EXCAPS is not available to transmit permit data to the Accelerated Commercial Release Operations Support System (ACROSS), importers and brokers may submit a paper copy of the transaction record to the CBSA to release their goods. If ACROSS is not available, importers and brokers may submit paper release documents with a copy of the transaction record to release their goods. Clients will be advised to use the above contingency procedures by their local CBSA office or via the electronic data interchange (EDI) information line at1-888-957-7224 or through an EDI information bulletin. General Import Permits10. Certain goods may be imported under the authority of GIPs. In such cases, it is not necessary to apply for individual import permits. The GIP number must be quoted on the release documentation (e.g. cargo control document, invoice) or EDI transmission. The CBSA must be satisfied that the importation does in fact meet the terms of the GIP.11. Historically, GIPs for personal use have applied equally to both residents and non-residents. It should be noted that these GIPs will continue to apply to all travellers regardless of residency.12. As noted in paragraph 2, complete details regarding all the GIPs can be found on the Department of Justice’s Web site.TRQ Goods13. The World Trade Organization Agreement Implementation Act resulted in changes to the Customs Tariff and the Export and Import Permits Act that affect the importation of certain agricultural goods listed on the ICL. Importations of these agricultural goods are controlled under the EIPA by way of TRQs. This allows for the importation of TRQ goods at low duty rates under the “within access” tariff items until the quota quantities have been reached. Additional importations are classified under the “over access” tariff items at significantly higher duty rates. Importers may classify most agricultural goods listed on the ICL under the within access tariff item if they have obtained the appropriate TRQ import permit from Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada before the goods are imported. Importations of wheat, barley and products of wheat and barley will be allowed the within access classification on a “first-come, first-served” quota basis. For more information, including a listing of the agricultural goods on the ICL, refer to memoranda D10-18-1, Tariff Rate Quotas, and D10-18-6, First-Come, First-Served Agricultural Tariff Rate Quotas.14. The availability of TRQ import permits is not a condition of release. Border services officers will release any shipment of TRQ goods even in the absence of a specific import permit issued under section 8.3 of the EIPA. Where a specific import permit has not been obtained by the date of final accounting under subsection 32(1), (3) or (5) of the Customs Act, the portion of the goods imported without such a permit (all or part of a shipment) will be deemed to have been imported under the authority of GIP No. 100. These goods will be classified under the over access tariff item and will be subject to high rates of customs duties. 15. In situations where TRQ permit information has been matched to release information in ACROSS and is reviewed as part of the release review process, any discrepancies in the quantity or description should be referred by the border services officer to a senior officer in the CBSA’s Trade Compliance Division after releasing the shipment. The referral is generated in ACROSS by the officer and will be available to the senior officer through the ACROSS Trade Compliance Division work list.16. If TRQ goods are entered into a bonded warehouse, the appropriate within access tariff item should be used where a specific import permit is available. This permit number should be quoted in field 26 of Form B3, Canada Customs Coding Form, (type 10) or, in the case of CADEX participants, in the special authority field of the KI30 record. If there is a transfer of ownership of TRQ goods in the warehouse, Form B3 (type 30) should be completed and presented to the CBSA. For all TRQ goods, including non-NAFTA beef and veal, the TRQ permit number should be quoted in field 26 of Form B3 (type 20) or in the special authority field of the KI30 record for CADEX participants. More information regarding TRQ goods entered into a bonded warehouse can be found in Memorandum D10-18-5, Customs Bonded Warehouses TRQ Agricultural Goods. Personal Importations of TRQ Goods17. The GIPs for personal importations of agricultural TRQ goods are listed in Appendix C. The eligible quantities or values that may be imported at within access rates of duty are listed in Appendix D. It should be noted that the eligible quantities or values for these GIPs apply to each person regardless of the fact a family may be travelling together in the same conveyance or live in the same household.GIP No. 100 allows the importation of unlimited quantities for TRQ goods at the high over access rate of duty and may be used for both personal and commercial importations. The personal exemptions for travellers provided under Chapter 98 of the Customs Tariff may not be used in conjunction with GIP No. 100. Importations of agricultural TRQ goods for personal use at low rates of duty are limited to the amounts provided under the relevant traveller’s GIP.18. Travellers may import unlimited quantities of wheat and barley and their associated products (for personal use) under the authority of GIP No. 3 at the within access rates of duty. For commercial importations of wheat and barley and their associated products, GIP No. 20 may be used until the quota levels have been reached. GIP No. 100 must be used thereafter.Clothing and Textiles19. In the case of clothing and textile products, those goods are only subject to import permit requirements when the goods are eligible for the tariff preference level (TPL) mechanisms of Canada’s free trade agreements and the importer makes a claim for TPL in order to take advantage of a reduced rate of duty. Documentation requirements regarding TPLs may be found in Memorandum D11-4-22, Tariff Preference Levels.Carbon Steel and Specialty Steel20. Various types of carbon steel and specialty steel products are identified in item Nos. 80 and 81 of the ICL and are subject to import permit requirements.(a)Item No. 80 — Carbon steel products includingsemi-finished products (ingots, blooms, billets, slabsand sheet bars), plate, sheets and strip, wire rods, wireand wire products, railway-type products, bars,structural shapes and units, pipes and tubes, butexcluding the specialty steel products referred to initem No. 81.(b)Item Number 81 — Specialty steel products:stainless flat-rolled products (sheet, strip and plate),stainless steel bar, stainless steel pipe and tube,stainless steel wire and wire products, alloy tool steel,mold steel and high-speed steel.21. More information regarding which steel products are subject to controls may be obtained by contacting Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada at the address provided in paragraph 37. If an importer wishes to import a shipment of steel that will require multiple loads to enter Canada, one permit may be obtained to cover the entire order providing the following applies:(a) a Canadian customs invoice (or an appraisalquality invoice if EDI release is used) and a Form B3are prepared; and(b)all goods enter within a 30-day period.22. There are two GIPs for steel products: GIP No. 80 for carbon steel and GIP No. 81 for specialty steel products. These GIPs exempt a resident of Canada from individual permit requirements provided that the total value for duty of the goods, as determined under the Customs Act, is no more than $5,000. In addition, shipments of steel that are classified under tariff item No. 9813.00.00 or 9814.00.00 (Canadian goods returned) do not require import permits. Import Permit Procedures23. In order to obtain release of goods controlled under the EIPA, other than certain goods controlled under a TRQ, importers must ensure that an import permit has been approved by Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. The transaction record from Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada will indicate to the importer that the permit has been approved and the information transmitted to the CBSA through EXCAPS. If the importer is requesting release of goods at a non-terminal office, it will be necessary to present the CBSA with a copy of the transaction record. The CBSA will verify the permit information on the transaction record prior to releasing the goods. Transaction records will be stamped by border services officers and sent to Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada on a weekly basis at the following address:Export and Import Controls BureauForeign Affairs and International Trade Canada125 Sussex DriveOttawa ON K1A 0G224. The CBSA will verify the accuracy of the following permit information that has been transmitted electronically by Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada :(a) transaction number;(b) expiry date;(c) importer name;(d) description of goods;(e) value;(f) quantity; and(g) country of origin.25. Importer names appearing on import permits should correspond to importer names that appear on customs release documentation or EDI transmissions. Where the name on the permit does not match customs release information, the permit will be rejected and importers will be advised to apply for an amended permit or to resubmit the proper release information.26. The import permit procedure and relevant responsibilities are provided in Appendix E.27. Once an electronic permit has been used for the release of goods, this information will be transmitted to Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada.Amendments to Permits28. Necessary amendments to permits may be authorized by the Export and Import Controls Bureau of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. For example, differences between authorized permit and shipment quantities, product substitution, extensions of validity, expiry dates and cancellations. Amendments to permits for TRQ goods must be made prior to final accounting, and in the case of non-TRQ commodities, prior to release of the goods. For further information on amendments to permits, contact the Bureau (the address and telephone numbers are provided in paragraph 37).Detentions/Rejections29. Goods (except agricultural TRQ goods) will be detained by the CBSA and the release request rejected when the following applies:(a)there is no specific permit available;(b)the goods are not as described on the permit;(c)the importer name does not match the name on thepermit;(d)the permit is not yet effective or has expired;(e)the quantity or value reported does not match thepermit; or(f)the country of origin does not match the permit.30. Under the above circumstances, the goods are not to be released until the appropriate corrections are made to either the release information or the permit. A decision will then be made on the disposition of the goods.Disposal of Goods31. When goods have been abandoned or forfeited as a result of the EIPA requirements, Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada will determine how the goodswill be disposed of. More information on disposal of such goods may be obtained by contacting the CBSA’s Partnerships Division at the address provided in paragraph 35.32. Travellers who decide not to pay the high over access duty rate on the importation of perishable agricultural goods in excess of the personal allowable GIP quantities are encouraged to return the excess goods to the United States. In some regions it may be possible to abandon such goods at the CBSA office if disposal bins are available.33. Any agricultural TRQ goods abandoned in the commercial stream are to be detained pending instructions for disposal from the Partnerships Division.Penalty Information34. Every person who violates any of the provisions or regulations of the EIPA is guilty of an offence and is liable(a)on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding$25,000, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding12 months, or to both a fine and imprisonment; or(b)on conviction upon indictment to a fine in anamount that is at the discretion of the court, or toimprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years, or toboth a fine and imprisonment.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION35. Questions concerning the general administration of these guidelines by the CBSA may be directed to the following:Partnerships DivisionAdmissibility BranchCanada Border Services Agency5th Floor, 150 Isabella StreetOttawa ON K1A 0L8Telephone: 613-957-6868Fax: 613-946-1520 36. The CBSA’s Border Information Service (BIS) line responds to public inquiries related to import requirements of other government departments, including Industry Canada.Call toll-free within Canada: 1-800-461-9999If you are calling from outside Canada, you can access BIS by calling 204-983-3500 or 506-636-5064 (long-distance charges will apply).To speak directly to an agent, call during regularbusiness hours from Monday to Friday (exceptholidays), 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. local time. Moreinformation can be found on the CBSA’s Web site atwww.cbsa.gc.ca.37. All questions concerning the issuance of import permits should be directed to the following:Export and Import Controls BureauForeign Affairs and International Trade Canada125 Sussex DriveOttawa ON K1A 0G2Telephone: 613-996-3711 (textiles, clothing,agriculture and steel)Fax: 613-995-5137 (textiles, clothing, agriculture and steel)APPENDIX AAPPLICATION FOR IMPORT/EXPORT PERMITTRANSACTION RECORDIMPORT CONTROL LISTThe Import Control List may be broken down into three basic groupings. The following chart depicts these groups withcorresponding item numbers, general product descriptions and relevant general import permit numbers. This chart is to be usedas a guide for reference purposes only. The Import Control List can be found on the Department of Justice’s Web site athttp://laws.justice.gc.ca.Group Number Item Number Description General Import PermitNo.1. Miscellaneous goods 70 Arms of war 60ofwar 60Arms71war 60ofArms72war 60of73Armssteel 80Carbon8081 Specialty steel products 8190 Arms of South African origin91weaponsProhibited2. Apparel and fibre goods 85, 86 Tariff preference level goods 102, 1063. Agricultural products 94, 96-104 Chicken and chicken products 2, 100105-113 Turkey and turkey products 7, 100114-116 Beef and veal, non-NAFTA countries 13, 100117-134, 141-160 Dairy products 1, 10095, 135-139 Eggs 8, 100100Margarine 14,140161-191 Wheat, barley and their products 3, 20, 100goods classified under192quotarateTariff1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 13, 14heading No. 98.04 or 98.26194 Meat from certain European Union countriesNote 1: In the case of agricultural products, amounts above the within access quantities or values may be imported under theauthority of General Import Permit No. 100; however, the over access duty rates will apply.Note 2: For detailed classification information, refer to Memorandum D10-18-1, Tariff Rate Quotas. For detailed informationon agricultural limitations, refer to Memorandum D19-1-1, Food, Agricultural Inputs and Agricultural Products.QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE FOR PERSONAL IMPORTATIONSOF AGRICULTURAL TARIFF RATE QUOTA GOODSWithin Access Quantity/ValueDescription General ImportPermit No.Barley, barley products 3 No quantity restrictionsBeef, fresh or frozen 13 10 kilograms (kg) (no tariff rate quota restrictionfor NAFTA)Butter 1 $20 total dairyButtermilk 1 $20 total dairyCheese (cheddar, swiss, mozzarella) 1 $20 total dairyChicken (whole, parts), fresh or frozen 2 10 kgEggs for consumption 8 2 dozenDry whey 1 $20 total dairyHeavy cream 1 $20 total dairyIce cream 1 $20 total dairyMargarine 14 3 kg (12 kg with prescription)Milk 1 $20 total dairySour cream 1 $20 total dairyTurkeys (whole), fresh or frozen 7 One turkeyTurkeys (parts), fresh or frozen 7 10 kgWheat, wheat products 3 No quantity restrictionsYogurt 1 $20 total dairyNote: Amounts above the within access quantities or values may be imported under the authority of General Import Permit No. 100; however, the over access duty rates will apply. For detailed classification information, refer to MemorandumD10-18-1, Tariff Rate Quotas. Detailed information regarding quantity limitations imposed by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency is provided in Memorandum D19-1-1, Food, Agricultural Inputs and Agricultural Products.IMPORT PERMIT PROCEDURESThe following chart outlines the permit procedure and the responsibilities of the importer, Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada, and the Canada Border Serives Agency.Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA)Importer Foreign Affairs and InternationalTrade Canada1. Apply for permit.2. Apply transaction number toForm EXT 1466, Application forImport/Export Permit.3. Input data into computer system.4. Issue transaction record toimporter and transmit data to theCBSA.5. Present release package to theCBSA or transmit release data.Verify:6.– the transaction number;– the effective and expiry dates of permit;– that the importer’s name on release requestmatches the one on permit;– the permit quantity, value shipped anddescription with invoice; and– that the country of origin on the releaserequest matches the one on the permit.7.goods.Release8. Once the permit has been used, transmit thisinformation to Foreign Affairs and InternationalTrade Canada.9. If necessary, take enforcement action.Note 1: The availability of tariff rate quota (TRQ) permits is not a condition of release. However, where a specific TRQ permit has not been obtained by the date of final accounting, the portion of the goods imported without such a permit will be deemed to have been imported under the authority of general import permit No. 100. These goods will be classified under the over access tariff item and be subject to high rates of customs duties.Note 2: In situations where TRQ permit information has been matched to release information in ACROSS and is reviewed as part of the release review process, any discrepancies in the quantity or description should be referred by the border services officer to a senior officer in the Trade Compliance Division after releasing the shipment. The referral is generated in ACROSS by the border services officer and will be available to the senior officer through the ACROSS (Trade Compliance Division) worklist.。

1622008 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION KIT & COMPONENTS CATALOG ©2008 PARKER HANNIFIN CORP. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED3790103008397797405R55N / 5R55S / 5R55WRWD 5 SpeedA544510034070670Input ShaftO.Dr. Ring GearO.Dr. CenterShaft783Center SupportInterm. BandDirect DrumForward ClutchForward PlanetReverse BandReverse DrumLow Sprag310037179520036178530311914363912911913910896904896437490996V.B.Parts741E414494765-6370Case313321320Valve Body917747765746322420002OHK Kit004Master L/Steels Kit 006Master 030External Seal Kit1632008 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION KIT & COMPONENTS CATALOG ©2008 PARKER HANNIFIN CORP . ALL RIGHTS RESERVEDRWD 5 Speed5R55N / 5R55S / 5R55W862981971961560961971985879565126106146861*229964974877564285872962972104124552894Intermediate Sprag690074266Park Gear264847Park Pawl Assy995-1995-2995-3995916-2916-3919922915916-2916-3919922916263EDA181554770Ext. Hsg.781493305678Output ShaftO.Dr. Band StrutInterm. 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▼まど·みちおさんの紡ぐ詩は穏やかに、読む者の胸に広がっていく。

明日９９歳の白寿を迎えるその詩人に、「虹」という一作がある。

地球に君臨する人間への、平易だが、きびしい言葉が連なっている。

窓(MADO)·道雄的诗沉稳恬静，常常在读者的心中展开非凡的意境。

明天迎来99岁“白寿”的诗人，有一首题为《虹》的作品。

饱含着送给称霸地球的人类的话语，平易却又不乏苛责。

▼〈ほんとうは／こんな汚れた空に／出て下さるはずなどないのだった／もしもここに／汚したちょうほんにんの／人間だけしか住んでいないのだったら〉。

そして続く。

“其实/不该在这污浊的天空/显出你尊贵的身影如果这儿住的/只有那些弄脏天空的罪魁祸首/人类的话”接下文。

▼〈でもここには／何も知らないほかの生き物たちが／なんちょうなんおく暮している／どうしてこんなに汚れたのだろうと／いぶかしげに／自分たちの空を見あげながら〉。

無辜（むこ）の生き物を慰めるために、虹は空にかかる――詩を思い出しながら、国際自然保護連吅の新しい報告を読んだ。

“然而这儿还生活着/几百万几亿/毫不知情的其他生灵/为什么弄得这么脏了呢/它们疑惑地/仰望着自己的天空”为了慰藉无辜的生灵，彩虹才在天空悬挂——我一边回想这首诗，一边读了国际自然保护联盟的最新报告。

▼世界の哺乳類（ほにゅうるい）の４分の１が、主に人間活動の影響で絶滅の危機にあるのだという。

危機は１１４１種に忍び寄り、うち１８８種は絶滅寸前、２９種はもう手遅れの状態らしい。

環境は悪化し、生息地は消えて、動物たちを追いつめている。

报告称世界上有四分之一的哺乳类动物，主要是在人类活动的影响下而处于灭绝危机的。

这种危机不声不响地迫近1141种动物，而其中的188种与灭绝只有咫尺之遥，29种似乎已无法挽救了。

环境恶化，栖息地消失，正把动物们逼向绝境。

▼そうした中で、哺乳類の一種、人間は増え続けている。

国連人口基金の新しい報告では６７億人。

㊀2024年第1期No.1㊀2024四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)Journal of Sichuan University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition )总第250期Sum No.250ɦ历史学研究ɦ马修·帕里斯的行程地图与中世纪地图制作者世界观的转变陈志坚摘㊀要:13世纪中后期,英格兰本笃修士马修㊃帕里斯及其后继者在圣奥尔本斯修道院创作了一系列行程地图㊂这些地图原是编年史抄本序章中的一部分,不仅包括自伦敦至南意大利阿普利亚的分段路线图,还包含作为此行程出发地与目的地 不列颠与巴勒斯坦的区域地图㊂长期以来,研究者多以传统的宗教进路来解读这些行程地图,视其为一种精神的朝圣之旅,认为作者旨在为那些不能亲临圣地的修士开启一次通往天上耶路撒冷的富有想象力的旅程㊂然而,以抄本古文字学与古抄本学方法考察这些行程地图可发现,它们不仅在外观上呈现出与传统基督教地图迥然不同的特征,还在很大程度上呼应了金雀花王朝统治者扩张领土以建立帝国的野心与欲求㊂不仅如此,基于新近复兴的古典地理学知识,这些行程地图的实用性㊁精确性与科学性也在一定程度上得到增强㊂关键词:马修㊃帕里斯;世界之布;行程地图;中世纪;世界观中图分类号:K561.32㊀㊀文献标志码:A㊀㊀文章编号:1006-0766(2024)01-0129-14作者简介:陈志坚,首都师范大学历史学院教授(北京㊀100089)①㊀Simon Lloyd and Rebecca Reader, Paris,Matthew (c.1200-1259),Historian,Benedictine Monk,and Polymath, in H.C.G.Matthew and Brian Harrison,eds.,Oxford Dictionary of National Biography :From the Earliest Times to the Year 2000,vol.42,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004,p.622.②㊀Richard Vaughan, The Handwriting of Matthew Pairs, Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society ,vol.1,no.5(1953),p.389;Richard Vaughan,Matthew Paris ,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1958,pp.236-243;Suzanne Lewis,The Art of Matthew Paris in the Chronica Majora ,Berkeley:University of California Press,1987,pp.321-323;Evelyn Edson,Mapping Time and Space :How Medieval Mapmakers Viewed Their World ,London:The BritishLibrary,1997,pp.118-120.13世纪的英格兰本笃修士马修㊃帕里斯(Matthew Paris)是一位历史学家,其本职工作是为其所属的圣奥尔本斯修道院(St Albans Abbey)创作一部编年史,即为后人所熟知的‘大编年史“(Chronica Maiora )㊂除此之外,马修还是一名地图制作者,他先后绘制了4种包含伦敦至阿普利亚(Apulia)的路线图(以下简称 路线图 )以及巴勒斯坦区域地图㊁不列颠区域地图在内的行程地图(以下简称 行程地图 )㊂马修的这些地图 具有重要意义,这并不是因为它们所具有的时代影响力,而是因为它们的独创性,马修正在尝试他那个时代不为人知的制图理念,而且这些制图理念在当时还没有被普遍理解 ㊂①在马修生活的年代,体现基督教宗教理念的T -O 地图居于主导地位,势头正盛㊂与之相比,马修的地图在基本方向㊁实用性与精确性方面呈现出极大的创新性㊂从某种意义上来说,马修是一名早熟的制图者,其地图所呈现的先进制图理念一直处于领先地位,直到中世纪末期波特兰海图(portolan chart)的诞生㊂自吉尔森于1928年将马修绘制的4种不列颠地图制版刊行以来,学者对于这些不列颠地图以及与之密切相关的行程地图给予了广泛关注㊂研究者首先对于行程地图的创作者及创作时间进行初步探讨并普遍认可抄本古文字学家理查德㊃沃恩通过分析马修的字体得出的结论,即认为 这些行程地图均是圣奥尔本斯修道院修士马修及其后继者创作的 ㊂②马修不仅是一位出色的编年史家,还是一921四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)总第250期位杰出的抄本缩微图画家,他在绘制抄本缩微图㊁地图㊁人物画像时擅长用稀释颜料对深色墨水勾勒的草图进行着色以制造一种水洗的效果,从而开创了一种 着色绘画 (tinted drawings)的风格㊂正因如此,在后来的艺术史中,这一类型的彩色绘画往往被称为 圣奥尔本斯流派 (School of St Albans)或 马修㊃帕里斯流派 (School of Matthew Paris)㊂有学者以绘画风格为标准对行程地图进行研究,也印证了沃恩的上述结论㊂①另外,行程地图的来源也从一个侧面佐证了上述观点 它们大都来自马修及其后继者所编纂的编年史抄本之中,部分来自圣奥尔本斯修道院官方文献汇编或者马修最好的合作伙伴兼衣钵继承人沃灵福德的约翰(John of Wallingford)的札记簿㊂②然而,在上述一致的观点之外,学者在很多问题上仍存疑问㊂例如,行程地图中包含的小单元,如路线图㊁不列颠区域地图㊁巴勒斯坦区域地图,是独立的存在,抑或是一个有机的整体?马修及其后继者绘制这些行程地图的意义何在?它们又反映了制图者的何种观念?早期研究者倾向于否认路线图㊁巴勒斯坦区域地图与不列颠地图之间的联系,认为它们只是因为抄本装帧而被偶然并置,彼此之间并无必然联系㊂例如,沃恩以及更早的研究者比兹利就持这种观点㊂③不仅如此,早期研究者还倾向于认为,行程地图与编年史插图具有同样的功能,是作者为了阐释㊁说明编年史文本而制作,目的是将编年史中提到的城市㊁城镇㊁河流㊁山脉等等风物具象化㊁空间化,从而帮助阅读者更好地理解编年史㊂持这一观点的主要有苏珊娜㊃刘易斯与伊芙琳㊃埃德森㊂④进入21世纪以来,研究者有了两类新发现㊂其一,学者逐渐认识到,路线图与区域地图并非编年史的附属物,编年史中所提及的很多地名如耶路撒冷㊁阿卡与开罗等,与地图上的地名并无一一对应关系㊂换言之,绘制地图并非为了向读者展示上述地名所在的位置,在很大程度上,路线图㊁区域地图与编年史是一种平行关系㊂⑤其二,学者通过进一步研究发现了路线图与区域地图之间的联系㊂例如,在阿普利亚地图的左上角,马修标记了如下文字: 此为通过阿普利亚去往阿克的路线㊂ 再如,在不列颠地图中也隐藏着伦敦与多佛之间的路线图,这在很大程度上可被视为路线图中的英格兰部分㊂再如,在西西里岛的最末端一个叫特拉帕尼(Trapes)的地方,马修标注道: 理查德伯爵从圣地返回时曾经过这里㊂ ⑥这些发现让绝大多数学者相信,路线图与区域地图之间存在联系,并构成一个有机的整体㊂以此为基础,学者开始构建这些路线图与区域地图的整体性意义㊂丹尼尔㊃康诺利提出了 想象的朝圣 的概念,认为路线图㊁巴勒斯坦地图与不列颠地图构成了一套完整的行程地图,从而为那些不能离开圣奥尔本斯修道院远行的修士打造了一次精神的朝圣之旅㊂康诺利还指出,这种行程地图与修道院回廊中所绘制的朝圣图有异曲同工之妙,但前者效果更佳,因为修士在阅读中自然会用手去翻动书叶,然后目光跟着路线图上下移动,口中默念着地图中的说明文字㊂到达阿普利亚所在叶面时,修士还可通过操作可折叠的侧翼,想象着后续的海上路线㊂如此一来,修士的手㊁眼㊁心㊁口等身体部位将会深度参与这一想象的朝圣之旅,从而在更大程度上营造出身临其境的031①②③④⑤⑥M.R.James, The Drawings of Matthew Paris, The Walpole Society ,vol.14(1925-1926),pp.1-26.有证据表明,沃灵福德的约翰曾对一幅从马修那里获得的不列颠地图增补了系列内容,参见Vaughan,Matthew Paris ,p.243;也有学者指出,Royal 抄本中的不列颠地图D 很有可能是马修的后继者为了呼应爱德华一世对苏格兰的领土主张而制作,参见Daniel K.Connolly, Copying Maps by Matthew Paris:Itinerary Fit for A King, in Palmira Brummett,ed.,The Book of Travels :Genre ,Ethnology ,and Pilgrimage ,1250-1700,Leiden:Brill,2009,pp.196-199.Vaughan,Matthew Paris ,p.247;C.R.Beazley,The Dawn of Modern Geography :A History of Exploration and Geographical Science from the Close of the Ninth to the Middle of the Thirteenth Century c .900-1260,vol.2,London:Henry Frowde,Amen Corner,1901,p.588.Lewis,The Art of Matthew Paris in the Chronica Majora ,pp.324-325;Edson,Mapping Time and Space ,pp.123-124.P.D.A.Harvey,Medieval Maps of the Holy Land ,London:The British Library,2012,pp.74-75.Katharine Breen, Returning Home from Jerusalem:Matthew Paris ̓s First Map of Britain in Its Manuscript Context, Representations ,vol.89,no.1(Winter 2005),pp.73,77.陈志坚:马修㊃帕里斯的行程地图与中世纪地图制作者世界观的转变2024年第1期氛围㊂①凯瑟琳㊃布林则更进一步,将往往被置于最后的不列颠区域地图理解为朝圣行程的返程部分,从而构建了一个更加完整的朝圣行程㊂②尽管在中世纪基督教制图观念占主导地位的大背景下,以精神朝圣的思路理解行程地图颇有阐释力,但仍无法完整地解释其中的一些元素,特别是相对于主流的基督教制图观念而言颇具创新性的部分,诸如:路线图以南为上,不列颠地图以北为上的朝向;路线图中精确标注里程的条状直线;对南意大利的关注程度远远胜过罗马;在巴勒斯坦地图中,对阿克城墙㊁城堡等军事防御设施描述的详细程度远远胜过耶路撒冷;4种不列颠区域地图自身存在的差异及流变等㊂近年来,有学者已意识到这些问题,并开始尝试在宗教观念之外的政治㊁历史语境中解读行程地图㊂如维多利亚㊃莫尔斯注意到地图的政治用途在13世纪的英国得到长足发展,并认为马修的路线图与区域地图在一定程度上展示了地图作为统治和知识象征的力量,或许正是在此意义上,西西里和阿克分别在南意大利与巴勒斯坦区域地图中被重点强调㊂③丹尼尔㊃伯克霍尔茨追溯了亨利三世与爱德华一世对地图的兴趣,并认为他们很有可能利用地图体现其对领土与权力的野心㊂④康诺利的最新研究表明,Royal 抄本中的不列颠地图D 实际上呼应了爱德华一世对苏格兰领土的主张㊂⑤由此可见,近年来学者的研究虽然开启了一个全新的研究路径,但相关研究成果或失之于简,仅是一个初步的判断;或无意做整体性探讨,仅涉及问题的一个方面㊂笔者拟以抄本古文字学(paleography)与古抄本学(codicology)方法考察马修绘制的行程地图,以期在梳理传统基督教制图观念的基础上揭示其全新的制图理念,并尝试评估金雀花王朝的政治诉求于此过程中所扮演的角色㊂一㊁马修㊃帕里斯其人及其行程地图马修㊃帕里斯,亦称巴黎人马修(Matthew the Parisian),出生于1200年左右,并于1217年进入圣奥尔本斯修道院成为一名本笃会修士㊂圣奥尔本斯修道院于公元793年由麦西亚国王奥法(Offa)捐资修建,到马修生活的年代,也已存在400余年㊂该修道院不仅具有悠久的历史,更以其撰史传统而闻名,这在很大程度上得益于其与王室的密切关系㊂1236年,马修继承了该修道院编年史家温多弗的罗杰(Roger of Wendover)的衣钵,就此开始了其撰史生涯㊂在马修领衔撰史期间,修道院与王室的关系变得更为密切㊂不仅国王亨利三世经常到访修道院,马修也经常被邀请参加宫廷重要活动㊂据记载,亨利三世曾于1244至1257年间先后8次到访修道院,每次都捐赠大量布帛㊁财物㊂1251年,亨利三世到访时送给修道院3块丝绸布料,并且还特意询问马修他已向修道院捐赠了多少块丝绸布料,以及修道院是否已遵照他的命令,在这些丝绸布料上都写上 英王亨利三世捐 字样㊂国王得到的答案是31块,而且没有其他国王捐过如此之多㊂不仅如此,马修还与亨利三世保持着良好的个人关系,常常出入宫廷,有资格与国王共桌就餐㊁亲密交谈,甚至可以当面向国王抱怨其遭遇的不公㊂另外,国王还是马修的赞助人,曾亲自委托他撰写‘忏悔者爱德华生平“一书㊂1247年,在威斯敏斯特大厅举行的一场盛大仪式上,亨利三世发现了马修,特地让他坐在自己身边,并要求他记录当日发生之事㊂随后,国王还邀请马修共进晚餐㊂1257年,马修在国王的宫廷里逗留了一周,在此131①②③④⑤Daniel K.Connolly, Imagined Pilgrimage in the Itinerary Maps of Matthew Paris, The Art Bulletin ,vol.81,no.4(1999),pp.598-599;Daniel K.Connolly,The Maps of Matthew Paris :Medieval Journeys through Space ,Time and Liturgy ,Woodbridge:The Boydell Press,2009,pp.1-2.Breen, Returning Home from Jerusalem, pp.63,87.Victoria Morse, The Role of Maps in Later Medieval Society:Twelfth to Fourteenth Century, in David Woodward,ed.,The History of Cartography ,vol .3,Cartography in the European Renaissance ,Part 1,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,2007,pp.35,39,41-42.Daniel Birkholz,The King ̓s Two Maps :Cartography and Culture in Thirteenth-Century England ,New York &London:Routledge,2004,pp.12-13.Connolly, Copying Maps by Matthew Paris, pp.196-199.四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)总第250期期间与国王形影不离,无论国王 在餐桌边,在宫殿里,还是在房间里 ,由此,他从国王那里获得了大量信息㊂①遵循着圣奥尔本斯修道院的撰史传统,并基于不断从宫廷中获得的第一手资料,马修写出了大量历史著作㊂在马修撰写的史著中,‘大编年史“与‘英吉利人史“(Historia Anglorum )最负盛名㊂从著述体例上讲,前者属于普遍史,涵盖自创世至1259年的世界历史,是马修在温多弗的罗杰所著编年史‘历史之花“(Flores Historiarum )的基础之上编纂而成的㊂后者则属于专门史,侧重讲述英吉利人的历史,其绝大部分史料来源于‘大编年史“,实际上是‘大编年史“中与英吉利人相关史料的汇编本㊂除此之外,马修后来还在‘英吉利人史“的基础上推出一个更加简略的版本,名为‘英吉利人史简编“(Abbreuiatio Compendiosa Chronicorum Anglie )㊂本文所涉及的行程地图便主要来自这几部著作的序章部分㊂但不幸的是,这些著作均未能以其原始的形制完整地流传下来,而是在不断被拆分㊁重组㊁装帧的过程中形成了新的抄本,并由不同的图书馆收藏㊂同样地,行程地图在此过程中亦难免被拆分㊁重组的命运,并最终以零散的状态分处于几个新抄本中㊂马修的‘大编年史“是一部三卷本史书,现分处于三个不同的抄本中㊂其第一卷涵盖自创世至1188年的历史,可见于剑桥大学基督圣体学院所藏引证号为Cambridge,Corpus Christi College,MS 026的抄本之中(以下简称MS 026抄本)㊂该抄本的序章部分涵盖一套相对完整的行程地图(以下简称行程地图1),包括自伦敦至南意大利阿普利亚的路线图以及巴勒斯坦区域地图,但缺少不列颠区域地图㊂②其第二卷涵盖自1189至1253年的历史,可见于剑桥大学基督圣体学院所藏引证号为Cambridge,Corpus Christi College,MS 016的抄本之中(以下简称MS 016抄本)㊂该抄本中的行程地图(以下简称行程地图2)包含不完整的自伦敦至南意大利阿普利亚的路线图㊁巴勒斯坦区域地图以及一幅不列颠区域地图(以下简称地图B)㊂③其中,路线图仅残留自蓬特雷莫利(Pontremoli)至南意大利阿普利亚的部分㊂不仅如此,所有这些地图在MS 016抄本中均以半叶的形式存在㊂④其第三卷涵盖1254至1259年的历史,可见于大英图书馆所藏引证号为Royal MS 14C.VII 的抄本中(以下简称Royal 抄本)㊂该抄本序章部分包含一套完整的行程地图(以下简称行程地图3),包括伦敦至南意大利阿普利亚的路线图㊁巴勒斯坦区域地图以及不列颠区域地图(以下简称地图D)㊂除了‘大编年史“第三卷,Royal 抄本中还包含马修的‘英吉利人史“㊂⑤二者在很大程度上共享抄本前面的序章部分㊂除此之外,在一部名为‘增补册“(Liber Additamentorum )的圣奥尔本斯修道院自用文献中,还存有一套不完整的行程地图(以下简称行程地图4),它仅包含自伦敦至那不勒斯的路线图,可见于大英图书馆藏引证号为Cotton MS Nero D.I 的抄本(以下简称Nero 抄本)㊂⑥行程地图4虽然在风格上与行程地图1㊁2㊁3类似,但在形式和内容方面均相对简略,没有采用常规的一叶两栏形制,而是一叶三栏且忽略所有支线行程,仅绘制主线行程,很有可能是马修在正式绘制行程地图1㊁2㊁3之前的构思草图,后来作为备用资料被收录进修道院自用文献‘增补册“中,与修道院创始人‘奥法生平“(Vitae duorum Offarum )㊁‘历任修道院长生平“(Gesta Abbatum )等文献并列㊂不仅如此,马231①②③④⑤⑥David Carpenter,Henry III :The Rise to Power and Personal Rule ,1207-1258,New Haven and London:Yale University Press,2020,pp.171,454,521,541,551,615,715,521,399,403.Cambridge,Corpus Christi College,MS 026,fols.ir -ivv.1928年,吉尔森(J.P.Gilson)汇集了马修绘制的与其行程地图相关的4张不列颠地图,并将其制成彩色图版出版㊂在该书中,吉尔森将4张地图简称为:地图A㊁地图B㊁地图C㊁地图D,笔者在本文中沿用这一约定俗成的简称㊂参见J.P.Gilson,ed.,Four Maps of Great Britain Designed by Matthew Paris about A.D.1250,Produced from Three Manuscripts in the British Museum and One at Corpus Christi College ,Cambridge ,London:Printed by Order of the Trustees,Sold at the British Museum and by Bernard Quaritch,Ltd,1928,p.3.2003年,基督圣体学院图书馆又对MS 016号抄本进行了重新装帧㊂此时,该抄本又被分为上下两册,抄本前面的序章部分单独装订成册,并被命名为MS 016I,后面的正文部分单独成册,并被命名为MS 016II㊂正文中所述行程地图㊁巴勒斯坦区域地图及不列颠地图部分,参见Cambridge,Corpus Christi College,MS 016I,fols.iiir -ivv.Royal MS 14C.VII,fols.157r -231r,2r -5v,8v -156v,British Library,London.Cotton MS Nero D.I,fols.183v -184r,British Library,London.陈志坚:马修㊃帕里斯的行程地图与中世纪地图制作者世界观的转变2024年第1期修绘制的另外两种不列颠地图明显也与行程地图密切相关,但由于种种原因已被单独装订在其他抄本中:其一,在马修以其‘英吉利人史“为基础缩编而成的‘英吉利人史简编“的序章部分,存在一幅马修绘制的不列颠地图(以下简称地图A),可见于大英图书馆所藏引证号为Cotton MS Claudius D.VI 的抄本中(以下简称Claudius 抄本)㊂①该地图与布鲁图斯(Brutus)至亨利三世的系列国王画像,以及自阿尔弗雷德大帝至亨利三世国王世系图等重要文件并列,共同构成抄本的序章部分;其二,在马修后继者沃灵福德的约翰曾拥有的一本札记簿中,亦存在一幅不列颠地图(以下简称地图C),可见于大英图书馆所藏引证号为Cotton MS Julius D.VII 的抄本中(以下简称Julius 抄本)㊂②该地图明显是由马修绘制,但从其所用色彩及内容看,仍属于较为初级的草图㊂沃灵福德的约翰肯定是从某种途径获得了这张地图并对其进行了一系列改造,包括继续在地图上标注地名,以及在地图背面空白处书写文字㊂最后,他还将该地图两次折叠后与其札记簿装帧在一起㊂该札记簿的核心内容是沃灵福德的约翰摘抄的系列编年史史料,主要摘自马修的‘大编年史“,在一定程度上反映了他向马修学习撰写编年史的实践㊂③二㊁世界之布:中世纪基督教主流制图观念中世纪的地图一般被称作 Mappamundi ㊂其中, mappa 一词在中世纪拉丁语中意为 桌布 或 餐巾 ,可意译为 地图 ;④而 mundi 则是 mundus 一词的拉丁文属格单数形式,意思是 世界的 (of the world)㊂如此一来,具有 世界地图 之意的 Mappamundi 一词其实可直译为 世界之布 ㊂这个词语在古典时代晚期的拉丁语中从来没有被使用过,彼时用来描述地图的词汇一般是 forma (图形)㊁ figura (图像)㊁ orbispictus (区域图)或者 orbisterrarumdescriptio (区域地理描述)㊂尽管在中世纪,世界之布的称谓是最常见的,但在谈及地图时,人们亦有一些其他的表达形式,如 inmaginesmundi (世界的图像)㊁ pictura (图像)㊁ descriptio (描述)㊁ tabula (图表),甚或赫里福德地图中使用的 estoire (历史)㊂⑤但在上述词汇中, 世界之布 词义最为稳定,自8世纪至中世纪末期一直被用来指代以基督教观念描绘世界的图像或文字㊂迄今为止,计有1100余幅这样的地图幸存了下来,其中大部分可见于中世纪的抄本之中,也有独立存在且尺寸相当大的地图,很可能是作为教堂或修道院的挂图使用,例如外形类似房屋山墙的赫里福德地图(Hereford Map),其最长㊁最宽处分别是1.59米和1.34米,是现存最大的 世界之布 ㊂⑥虽名为地图,但 世界之布 并不像今天的地图一样客观地反映空间的比例与尺寸,亦不能为人们出行提供精确的信息,而是一种集合了时间㊁空间㊁事件㊁概念㊁色彩㊁文本㊁意象等元素的复杂集合体,集中反映了基督教有关 神学㊁宇宙学㊁哲学㊁政治学㊁历史学㊁动物学㊁人种学 等知识的理念,是基督教徒眼中的世界形象㊂⑦一般而言,这些地图具有以下特点:它们不仅比例严重失调,以东为上,还呈现出T -O 的特殊形态;整个版面不仅充斥着自创世之日至末日审判的所有重要的圣经事件,还杂以各式各样的奇幻动物和恐怖种族;作为圣地的耶路撒冷一般被安放在地图中心位置,而末日审判的意象则往往被置于地图顶端,这表明 顶部 (新耶路撒冷)而非 中心 (地331①②③④⑤⑥⑦Cotton MS Claudius D.VI,f.12v,British Library,London.Cotton MS Julius D.VII,fols.50v -53r,British Library,London.Vaughan,Matthew Paris ,p.243.Jerry Brotton,A History of the World in Twelve Maps ,New York:Viking Penguin,2013,pp.94-95.David Woodward, Medieval Mappaemundi, in J.B.Harley and David Woodward,eds.,The History of Cartography ,vol .1:Cartography in Prehistoric ,Ancient ,and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean ,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1987,p.287.The Hereford Mappa Mundi Trustee Company Ltd,Hereford.Brotton,A History of the World in Twelve Maps ,p.95.四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)总第250期上耶路撒冷)才是中世纪朝圣者最终的目的地,也是手持 世界之布 的信徒目光最终驻留的地方;①世界之布不仅是空间的展开,还涉及时间,在地图上自东向西(自上而下)包含着一个从创世到救赎的完整叙事;世界之布虽以基督教神学世界观为核心,但也包含一定程度的古典知识,这是早期教父与古典天文㊁自然㊁地理知识成就达成妥协的结果㊂由此,在以下部分笔者将以T -O 形态㊁以东为上㊁中心与朝圣㊁象征主义意象㊁ 历史 叙事㊁奇幻动物与恐怖种族为重点,以赫里福德地图㊁埃布斯托地图(The Ebstorf Map)㊁②诗篇地图(The Psalter Map)㊁③梭利地图(The Sawley Map)④等中世纪地图为主要案例,撮述 世界之布 的典型特征㊂其一,T -O 形态㊂T -O 形态地图是中世纪最为经典的地图样式,其整体外观呈圆形,看起来像一个巨大的字母O,由此标识出地图的边界,其外围环绕着海洋㊂圆形内部的三大水系整体上呈现为一个巨大的大写字母T 形态,从而将圆形大陆分成三大块㊂T 字母横笔画左侧㊁右侧及竖笔画部分分别代表顿河㊁尼罗河和地中海㊂⑤在由字母O 与T 建构的空间之中,上方的半圆是亚洲,下方位于T 字母竖笔画左右两边的区域则是欧洲和非洲,这三大洲又分别代表诺亚(Noah)的三个儿子闪(Shem)㊁雅弗(Japheth)㊁含(Ham)及其后代最初定居的区域㊂⑥实际上,T -O 地图本身亦是古典文化与中世纪基督教观念相互妥协的产物㊂在古典晚期向中世纪过渡的关键期,部分早期教父如德尔图良(Tertullian)㊁圣西普里安(St Cyprian)和圣安布罗斯(St Ambrose)等都极端敌视古代的学术成就,而与此同时也有一部分早期教父如奥古斯丁(St Augustine)㊁圣哲罗姆(St Jerome)以及圣伊西多尔(Isidore of Seville)等则主张吸收与借鉴古典学术成就㊂例如奥古斯丁就认为, 如果缺乏对天㊁地㊁世界等要素的相关知识,我们就无法更好地理解圣经 ,他还声称, 为了更好地理解神的造物,在研习圣经的时间和历史时,也须了解空间与地理 ㊂圣哲罗姆遵从奥古斯丁的建议,在翻译圣经之余还撰写了一部名为‘地点之书“(Liber locorum )的著作,并在书中给出了巴勒斯坦和亚洲的区域地图㊂⑦圣伊西多尔则在借鉴古典历史学家萨卢斯特(Sallustius)关于三大洲的相关记载的基础上,首次提出了T -O 地图的构想,其著作‘论事物的本质“(De natura rerum )与‘关于词源学的二十卷书“(Etymologiarum sive originum libri XX )被认为是最早包含T -O 地图意象的作品㊂⑧因早期的T -O 地图在本质上只是一种简要的示意图,仅标注三大洲名称或诺亚三个儿子的名字,很少有其他地名,所以其在T -O 地图的整体分类法中也常常被称作是概要性三部分T -O 地图(Schematic Tripartite)㊂8至11世纪,T -O 地图继续吸收来自马克罗比乌斯(Macrobius)和奥罗修斯(Orosius)等古典学者作品中的知识,发展出了非概要性三部分T -O 地图(Nonschematic Tripartite)㊂这一新子类虽仍将有人居住的大陆分成三部分,但并不严格按照T -O 模式绘制,而是按照各部分的历史及其起源进一步细化与划分各自的区域㊂它们通常强调地中海,并倾向于将海岸线绘制成参差不齐的效果㊂⑨总之,T -O 地图是古典知识与中世纪基督教世界观不断融合的结果,早期教父吸收了古典时代学者将有人居住的世界分成三部分的描述,并将其与创世纪中的世界起源观念结合起来,奠定了中世431①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨包慧怡:‘感官地图上的灵魂朝圣之旅 中古英语长诗 珍珠⓪的空间结构“,‘外国文学评论“2007年第2期㊂Kloster Ebstorf,Ebstorf,Germandy (destroyed in 1943,20th replica).Additional MS 28681,f.9r,British Library,London.有时亦称 美茵茨的亨利地图 (Henry of Map),参见Cambridge,Corpus Chisti College,MS 66,p.2.Catherine Delano-Smith, The Intelligent Pilgrim:Maps and Medieval Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, in Rosamund Allen,ed.,Eastward Bound :Travel and Travellers ,1050-1550,Manchester:Manchester University Press,2004,pp.110-111;Brotton,A History of the World in Twelve Maps ,p.105.Saint Bede,On Genesis ,trans.Calvin B.Kendall,Liverpool:Liverpool University Press,2008,p.24;Naomi Reed Kline,Maps of Medieval Thought :The Hereford Paradigm ,Woodbridge:Boydell Press,2003,p.13.Brotton,A History of the World in Twelve Maps ,pp.102-103.Burgerbibliothek,cod.417,f.88v,Bern;Kline,Maps of Medieval Thought ,p.13.Woodward, Medieval Mappaemundi, in Harley and Woodward,eds.,The History of Cartography ,vol .1,pp.343,347.。

【全曲导聆：贝多芬「第14号钢琴奏鸣曲─月光」】播出版本： Alfredo Perl播出日期：4月04日播出时间：13:00~15:00《创作背景及特色》∙钢琴的「新约圣经」─二部曲贝多芬钢琴奏鸣曲的创作进入到中期之后，跳脱旧有架构，加入更多新颖的构想，例如第12、13号钢琴奏鸣曲中，就连一个奏鸣曲式乐章都没有；而「第14号钢琴奏鸣曲─月光」更是此时期的著名创作，也是他最受欢迎的钢琴作品之一。

∙反客为主！？许多人都以为「月光」是贝多芬自己所取的乐曲标题，但这其实是一位诗人雷斯达布，在听过曲子后写下「仿佛是在月光闪耀的瑞士琉森湖面上，随波荡漾的小舟」这段文字，于是后人就称这部作品为「月光」，而这样的俗称反而更加提升乐曲的知名度。

其实，贝多芬自己形容这首曲子是具有「幻想曲风的奏鸣曲」，音乐里发展出一种幻想与即兴的抒情曲风。

《全曲导聆》∙第一乐章和缓的慢板，自由的歌谣曲式。

音乐由绵延不绝的三连音展开，构成乐章的基本结构，描绘出漫无边际的幻想；第一主题平淡单纯，第二主题则与前者气氛相似。

这可说是贝多芬舍弃传统奏鸣曲形式，所发展出的抒情幻想曲风。

∙第二乐章稍快板，三段式。

这个乐章既非诙谐曲、也非小步舞曲，李斯特形容它是「开在两个深渊之间的花朵」，这个轻巧的乐章，将第一和第三乐章作了巧妙的衔接。

主题由圆滑奏和断奏相互呼应，中段则具有切分音节奏。

∙第三乐章急板，奏鸣曲式。

激动粗犷的第一主题以分解和弦向上攀升，就像贝多芬那不屈不挠的意志力，第二主题则像是唱着哀怨的曲调，和第一主题形成对比，或许这和贝多芬当时一段无法如愿的爱情有关...【全曲导聆：贝多芬「第15号钢琴奏鸣曲─田园」】播出版本：Alfredo Perl播出日期：4月04日播出时间：13:00~15:00《创作背景及特色》∙同一时期，两样风情贝多芬的第12~14号钢琴奏鸣曲在形式上大胆创新，尤其「第14号钢琴奏鸣曲─月光」更爆发出强烈强感，但与「月光奏鸣曲」同样在1801年完成的「第15号钢琴奏鸣曲─田园」，却没有这样积极搏斗的情绪，内容和形式都变得十分温和平静，完全回到就有型态，这种乐曲风格上的对比，是贝多芬作曲上的一大特色，「第五号交响曲─命运」和「第六号交响曲─田园」也是一例。

专利名称：METHOD FOR ESTIMATING CONDITION OF ROAD SURFACE发明人：HANATSUKA Yasushi,花塚泰史,WAKAOYasumichi,若尾泰通,MORINAGA Hiroshi,森永啓詩申请号：JP2011/050417申请日：20110113公开号：WO2011/145356A1公开日：20111124专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：Disclosed is a method which is for estimating the condition of a road surface andwhich can estimate by further subdividing a snow covered road during travel. In the disclosed method, tyre vibration in the circumferential-direction of a tyre, road surface temperature (T) and tyre-generated noise are each detected by an acceleration sensor, a road surface thermometer, and a microphone, and then band values P, P and P for a pre-tread region (R1), band values P, P and P for a tread region (R2), band values P, P and P for a pre-kick-out region (R3), band values P and P for a kick-out region (R4), and band values P, Pand P for a post kick-out region (R5) are calculated from the tyre vibration data. A sound pressure level comparison (Q)=(P/P), which is the comparison of a band power value (P) of a high frequency band and a band power value (P) of a low frequency band, is calculated from data on the tyre-generated noise; and band value (P), data on the road surface temperature (T), and the sound pressure level comparison (Q) are used to estimate the condition of the road surface.申请人：KABUSHIKI KAISHA BRIDGESTONE,株式会社ブリヂストン,HANATSUKA Yasushi,花塚　泰史,WAKAO Yasumichi,若尾　泰通,MORINAGA Hiroshi,森永　啓詩地址：〒1048340 JP,〒1048340 JP,〒1878531 JP,〒1878531 JP,〒1878531 JP,〒1878531 JP,〒1878531 JP,〒1878531 JP国籍：JP,JP,JP,JP,JP,JP,JP,JP代理人：MIYAZONO Junichi et al.,宮園　純一更多信息请下载全文后查看。

斯托纳家乡折桂Moto GP2008赛季第16站澳大利亚菲力
浦岛赛道
王震明
【期刊名称】《摩托车》
【年(卷),期】2009(000)001
【摘要】经过上次日本战，罗西已确定要拿到2008年的年度总冠军，这一站可以说是2008赛季第二名的争夺战了。

佩德罗萨与斯托纳的积分非常接近，而这一站人们看好的是斯托纳，因为这是他的家乡——澳大利亚菲力浦岛，
【总页数】3页(P62-64)
【作者】王震明
【作者单位】无
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TN929.53
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