话题阅读集训（十一）
一、话题阅读集训文学与艺术
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·山西四校联考)The chance of a snowy holiday season in most American cities is practically impossible this year, so any festive atmosphere to be enjoyed will have to be the imaginary sort. Luckily, there are books for that.
The Complete Fairy Tales by Hans Christian Andersen
Any reader of fairy tales knows Andersen's responsible for the snowy scenes in “The Snow Queen”，the story of children Kay and Gerda, who must face the goddess-like woman who controls all snowflakes after Kay is kidnapped.
Family Life by Akhil Sharma
It's a beautiful yet tragic novel about an Indian family immigrating to America, only to face entirely new hardships. Sharma's novel isn't entirely set in the wintertime, but his poetic descriptions of winter weather as lovely yet isolating make it a great choice for a December read.
Frankenstein by Mary Shelley
Go ahead and give up the movie adaptation that has been produced recently and read or re-read the classic itself. You know the story: a scientist driven by his ambition discovers a method for creating life, and spends two years cobbling together a living creature, who later feels angry with him.
An American Childhood by Annie Dillard
Dillard's first book is, as its title suggests, about her change from being a self-centered child to being an adult more concerned with the world around her than with her own personal concerns. Her parents are key figures in the story. One famous scene takes place during what the author calls “a big snow”，in 1950.
A．Annie Dillard.B．Mary Shelley.
C．Akhil Sharma. D．Hans Christian Andersen.
解析：选D细节理解题。
根据文中介绍第一本书时说的“Any reader of fairy tales knows Andersen's responsible for the snowy scenes in ‘The Snow Queen’．..”可知，《冰雪女王》的作者是安徒生。
故选D项。
2．Which novel is about an Indian's family?
A．The Sno w Queen. B．Family Life.
C．An American Childhood. D．Frankenstein.
解析：选B细节理解题。
根据Family Life by Akhil Sharma部分的第一句“It's a beautiful yet tragic novel about an Indian family immigrating to America ...”可知，《家庭生活》的故事内容是关于一个移民到美国的印度家庭。
故选B项。
3．What do we know about Frankenstein?
A．It has been adapted for movies.
B．It's about the secret history.
C．It's about an Indian family.
D．It's a fairy tale.
解析：选A细节理解题。
根据Frankenstein by Mary Shelley部分的第一句“Go ahead and give up the movie adaptation ...”可知，《弗兰肯斯坦》已被改编成电影。
故选A项。
4．From An American Childhood, we know the main characters are ________.
A．self-centered children B．adults
C．scientists D．Dillard's parents
解析：选D细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的“Her parents are key figures in the story.”可知，迪拉德的父母是书中故事的主角。
故选D项。
B
(2018·广西桂林十八中模拟)No one can deny that buttons are an important clothing device. But, can they rise to the level of art? Organizers of an exhibit in New York City think so.
Peter Souleo Wright organized “The Button Show” at Rush Arts Gallery in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan. Eleven artists used the small, ordinary objects to create sculptures, portraits and wearable art. Some of the works are political, some are personal and others are just fun.
Wright said each artist reimagines and repurposes the buttons to make art.“What I tried to do with this show，”he said, “was to look at artists who were promoting that level of craft.”
He said he wanted t he button art to be comparable to a painting “because of the amount of detail and precision in the work”．
Artist Beau McCall produced “A Harlem Hangover”. It looks like a wine bottle that fell over on a table. A stream of connected red buttons hang over the side, like wine flowing down. Similar red buttons form a small pool on the floor.
McCall layers buttons of different shapes and sizes to create the bottle. The stitching that holds them together is also part of the artistic design.
For San Francisco-based artist Lisa Kokin, buttons are highly personal. After her father
died in 2001, she created a portrait of him using only buttons. That memorial to her father led to other button portraits, including those of activists Rosa Parks and Cesar Chavez.
Others use buttons for details. Artist Amalia Amaki of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, placed them on and around old photographs. Los Angeles artist Camilla Taylor attached buttons to three large sculptures that look like headless animals with long, narrow legs.
“The Button Show” ends at March 12. The Rush Philanthropic Arts Foundation paid for the exhibition. The foundation was created in 1995 by the Simmons brothers: artist Danny, hip-hop producer Russell and rapper Reverend Run. The foundation seeks to bring the artists to urban youth and to provide support for new artists.
A．To show the importance of buttons.
B．To support the new artists.
C．To raise the button show to the level of art.
D．To create sculptures and portraits.
解析：选C细节理解题。
根据第一段最后两句“But, can they rise to the level of art? Organizers of an exhibit in New York City think so.”和第二段中的“Peter Souleo Wright organized ‘The Button Show’”可知，赖特组织“纽扣展”的目的是将纽扣展上升到艺术水平。
故选C项。
6．Whose works are personal?
A．Peter Souleo Wright. B．Beau McCall.
C．Lisa Kokin. D．Amalia Amaki.
解析：选C细节理解题。
根据倒数第三段第一句“For San Francisco-based artist Lisa Kokin, buttons are highly personal.”可知，对于莉萨·科金来说纽扣是高度私人化的东西。
故选C项。
7．If you want to see “The Button Show”，you should ________.
A．buy tickets before March 12
B．phone Peter Souleo Wright before March 12
C．go to Rush Arts Gallery
D．go to the Rush Philanthropic Arts Foundation
解析：选C细节理解题。
根据第二段第一句“Peter Souleo Wright organized ‘The Button Show’ at Rush Arts Gallery in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan.”可知，赖特组织的纽扣展是在Rush Arts Gallery。
故选C项。
C
(2018·济南市高三模拟)A European Union program is letting blind people experience famous paintings for the first time. It uses three-dimensional (3D)printing to recreate famous paintings so they can be touched.
One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimt's “The Kiss”. It is a popular attraction at the Belvedere Museum in Vienna, Austria. The painting shows a man and a woman standing in a field filled with flowers. They are wearing gold robes and have their arms around each other. The man leans down to kiss the woman.
Klimt finished the painting in 1908. Until now, people who had trouble seeing could not appreciate the artwork. But thanks to the reproduction they can touch the piece and feel the ridges and depressions. Andreas Reichinger started making 3D versions of artwork in 2010. He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couple's robes are so detailed.
Dominika Raditsch is a blind museum visitor. She touched the reproduction. As she moved her hands around it she said, “Exactly, can you see these? There are so many details.” Raditsch said she could imagine what the original painting looks like when she touched the reproduction. “It's somehow round. You can feel it. You can feel it. It comes with it. And in many places it's so smooth. And then I think to myself: it probably shines too！” Raditsch said.
The Belvedere is not the only museum to have 3D versions of its artwork. Some of the pieces at the Prado Museum, in Madrid, Spain have reproductions that can be touched. But the piece in Vienna has one special part: it is made with widely available 3D printing technology. That means one day, blind art fans anywhere in the world could download the source files and print the reproductions themselves.
A．A European Union project.
B．A popular painting.
C．A 3D technology.
D．A famous museum.
解析：选B细节理解题。
从文章第二段的“One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimt's ‘The Kiss’. It is a popular attraction”可知，《吻》是一幅深受欢迎的画作。
故选B项。
9．Why did Reichinger say this reproduction was difficult to finish?
A．The painting was reproduced detailedly.
B．The original artwork was made in 1908.
C．Blind art fans can't download the source.
D．The 3D technology is not available.
解析：选A细节理解题。
从文章第三段的最后一句“He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couple's robes are so detailed.”可知，Andreas Reichinger 说《吻》是最难完成的作品，因为那对恋人的长袍细节很多。
故选A项。
10．How did Raditsch feel when she first touched the reproduction?
A．Awkward. B．Puzzled.
C．Excited. D．Nervous.
解析：选C推理判断题。
从文章第四段中的“You can feel it. Y ou can feel it.”可以推测出Raditsch“激动的”心情。
故选C项。
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．A European Union program for Museum Visitors
B．3D Printing Lets the Blind Experience Famous Paintings
C．How to Reproduce the World-famous Paintings
D．A Special Museum for Art Fans in Vienna, Austria
解析：选B标题归纳题。
从文章第一段的内容可以看出，用3D打印技术让视障人士体验名画是文章的中心，下文是围绕该话题展开介绍的。
故选B项。
D
(2018·合肥市第一次质检)Many young people these days adore the advertised magazine body and become too focused on attaining this image instead of worrying more about what lasts and even grows over time. But could you imagine being considered beautiful for years, and suddenly being ugly after moving to another continent? It is a sad reality that people don't realize how vacillating the idea of beauty can be from one country to another.
Think of the most typical American girl you know. Is she blonde haired with white skin and light blue eyes, and does she love shopping or sports? Now place this girl in the heart of Africa, where beauty is placed on what you can control. The Maasai tribe in Kenya focuses on how clean people are, and how stylish their piercings (穿孔) are. This tribe's culture is to be a brave fighter, so they will cut their skin with patterns in it to show that they are strong. If you don't look fierce, you are not beautiful.
Other countries like North Korea and South Korea have their own unique views on beauty. In an interview, a woman who has lived in both North Korea and South Korea claims that beauty in North Korea is based more on your ability to be a good woman and wife. She says that women in North Korea are less concerned about fashion and beauty in the physical sense. She says they did have a time when big eyes were a big deal and everyone wanted to get double eyelid surgery. This is something extreme and could perhaps be influenced by Western culture. But don't you think the idea of getting surgery done to look
more attractive is crazy?
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了不同群体的文化差异使得人们对美的观点不尽相同。
12．What does the underlined word “vacillating” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Inconsistent. B．Reasonable.
C．Unusual. D．Similar.
解析：选A词义猜测题。
根据第一段第二句“But could you imagine being considered beautiful for years, and suddenly being ugly after moving to another continent？”可知，许多年里，你都被认为是美丽的，当你搬到另一个大陆时突然会被认为是难看的。
由此可知美会随着地点的不同发生变化，因此此处指人们没有意识到不同国家的人对美的观点是不一致的。
inconsistent“不一致的”；reasonable“合理的”；unusual“不寻常的”；similar“相似的”。
13．The Maasai tribe in Kenya is mentioned to show that in their eyes ________.
A．getting dirty is stylish
B．looking fierce is beautiful
C．strong people cut their skin
D．American girls love shopping
解析：选B细节理解题。
根据第二段的最后一句“If you don't look fierce, you are not beautiful.”可知，肯尼亚的Maasai部落认为看起来凶猛就是美丽的。
14．According to the woman interviewed, women in North Korea now ________.
A．care a lot about their appearance
B．put the beauty of eyes in the first place
C．pay great attention to their ability
D．are crazy about double eyelid surgery
解析：选C细节理解题。
根据最后一段的“claims that beauty in North Korea is based more on your ability to be a good woman and wife”可知，朝鲜的女性现在更加关注她们成为好女人和好妻子的能力。
15．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．Inner beauty is of great importance.
B．Ideas of beauty vary among culture groups.
C．Different ways are needed to admire true beauty.
D．Fashion magazines easily influence young people.
解析：选B主旨大意题。
根据第一段的“It is a sad reality that people don't realize how vacillating the idea of beauty can be from one country to another.”可知，不同国家的人对美的观点是不同的，即不同的文化群体对美的观点不尽相同。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2018·郑州市高三质量预测)From childhood, Moira loved to write. Throughout school she __1__ writing, but pursuing (追求) it __2__ was never a possibility. Her father was a doctor, her mother a nurse. “Medicine was a fairly __3__ option，”Moira says. “And writing was a career where it wasn't a __4__ that you'd have high income.”
She became a doctor but still wanted to do some writing. However, being a doctor was so __5__ that she didn't take up writing until her thirties. She __6__ a novel — a fictionalized version of her travels in China after university. She got excellent __7__. Moira sent it off to as many agents as she could find, and found one who wanted to __8__ her. Suddenly, it seemed she was on her __9__ as an author.
“I had one lengthy phone call with the agent where we __10__ all possible areas she thought needed __11__. I worked on those and sent it back to her but didn't hear anything.” it was not long __12__ Moira found another agent who was __13__ if she was willing to rewrite it from the first person to the third person. She did the hard work and sent it off again. “I got back a really brief letter：‘Thank you, I'm no longer interested.’ It was really __14__.”
A decade went by, and Moira found herself itching to write again, this time __15__ for her own enjoyment. She __16__ herself the challenge of creating a thriller and chose Western Australia as her setting.
As she was writing just for herself, something surprising began to happen. “The characters __17__ a life of their own; they started doing things I hadn't thought about. It just __18__ out.” One day, an agent called from Australia. Three weeks later, Moira had a publication deal. Her novel, Cicada, was published in March.
“__19__ it hadn't been published I still gained so much from the __20__，”says Moira.
C．considered D．enjoyed
解析：选D根据空前一句“From childhood, Moira loved to write”可知，Moira自小就喜欢写作；根据本句语境可知，她在上学期间喜欢(enjoyed)写作。
2．A.actively B．professionally
C．energetically D．permanently
解析：选B根据语境并结合常识可知，Moira在上学期间专业地(professionally)追求写作是不可能的。
3．A.influential B．explicit
C．terrible D．safe
解析：选D根据空后的“And writing was a career where it wasn't a __4__ that you'd have high income.”可知，Moira认为写作不能保证高收入；据此可以判断，她认为医学是一个相当安全的(safe)选择。
4．A.dream B．purpose
C．choice D．certainty
解析：选D根据语境可知，写作不能保证高收入。
certainty“确定的事”，故选D。
5．A.promising B．discouraging
C．demanding D．interesting
解析：选C根据语境可知，医生是一个要求高的(demanding)职业，因此她直到三十多岁才开始写作。
6．A.produced B．introduced
C．bought D．received
解析：选A根据语境可知，她以大学后在中国的旅游经历为背景创作(produced)了一本小说。
7．A.rewards B．readers
C．reviews D．praises
解析：选C根据该段尾句“Suddenly, it seemed she was on her __9__ as an author.”可以判断，这部小说写出来后，她得到了良好的评论(reviews)。
A项意为“报酬”，B项意为“读者”，D项意为“赞扬”，都与语境不符。
8．A.employ B．represent
C．trust D．guide
解析：选B根据语境可知，Moira将自己创作的小说寄给了许多代理人，终于找到了愿意代理(represent)她的作品的人。
9．A.own B．feet
C．way D．business
解析：选C根据语境可知，她似乎突然就要成为作家了。
on one's way为固定搭配，意为“即将到达或发生”。
10．A.took off B．went through
C．pulled down D．came over
解析：选B根据语境可知，她与代理人通过电话讨论(went through)了所有代理人认为应该润色(polishing)的地方。
11．A.deleting B．adapting
解析：选C参见上题解析。
12．A.before B．after
C．since D．when
解析：选A根据语境可知，不久之后Moira就发现了另一个代理人。
It was/is not long before ...为固定句型，意为“不久之后……”。
13．A.fascinated B．interested
C．anxious D．amused
解析：选B根据语境可知，Moira发现了另一个对她的小说感兴趣的(interested)代理人。
下文的“I'm no longer interested”也是提示。
14．mon B．absurd
C．terrifying D．disappointing
解析：选D根据上文的“Thank you, I'm no longer interested”可知，代理人不再对她的小说感兴趣；据此可以判断，她很失望(disappointing)。
15．A.purely B．wonderfully
C．instantly D．sadly
解析：选A根据该句的“Moira found herself itching to write again, this time __15__ for her own enjoyment”并结合语境可知，Moira再次想要写作，这次纯粹(purely)为了自己的兴趣。
16．A.set B．found
C．made D．permitted
解析：选A根据该句“She __16__ herself the challenge of creating a thriller and chose Western Australia as her setting.”可知，她给自己设立(set)了挑战，以西澳大利亚州为背景创作惊险小说。
17．A.put up B．took on
C．went over D．got down
解析：选B根据该句中的“The characters __17__ a life of their own; they started doing things I hadn't thought about.”可知，她让人物呈现(took on)出他们生活原有的样子。
A项意为“建造，提升”，C项意为“反复研究”，D项意为“咽下，写下”，都与语境不符。
18．A.flew B．brought
C．broke D．carried
解析：选A根据下文可知，Moira的书得到了一位澳大利亚代理人的重视并顺利出版；据此可以判断，她的书获得了成功(fly)。
fly在此意为“成功”，符合语境。
19．A.Ever since B．As if
解析：选D根据语境可知，即使(Even if)这本书不出版，Moira仍然从写作过程(process)中得到很多。
D项意为“即使”，符合语境，故D项正确。
A项意为“从……以来”，B 项意为“仿佛”，C项意为“要是……就好了”，都与语境不符。
20．A.adventure B．practice
C．process D．result
解析：选C参见上题解析。
二、“4篇阅读理解＋1篇完形填空”押题练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Moutai Thanks the Hit Movie
Wolf Warrior Ⅱfor Free Advertising
Chinese box office hit Wolf WarriorⅡhas received a thank-you letter from the president of China Kweichow Moutai (Group) Distillery Co., Ltd, the country's most famous brand of liquor, because of the scenes where the hero drank Moutai liquor in the movie.
The movie, which premiered (首映) on July 27,
2017, tells the story of a former Chinese People's
Liberation Army soldier protecting Chinese citizens and
local factory workers in an African war zone.
The patriotic (爱国的) emotions have proven
popular with audiences. By the end of September,
Wolf WarriorⅡ had earned more than 5.6 billion yuan, breaking China's all-time box office record, set last year by Hong Kong comedy The Mermaid. Wu Jing, 43, both starred in and directed Wolf WarriorⅡ，whose prequel (前传) earned 525 million yuan in 2015.
On August 7, Yuan Renguo, president of Kweichow Moutai, congratulated Wu Jing on his success in an open letter on the company's website. “The movie has hit a new record and become a phenomenon，”Yuan wrote. “The movie is now synonymous (相同的) with patriotism. Your free advertising of Moutai in the movie has once more allowed this famous Chinese brand to impress the world.”
Yuan also added that the company had organized screenings of the film for its more than 30,000 employees, which improved their feelings of nationalism and “company cohesion (凝聚力)”．
Many moviegoers also said they were impressed by the patriotic plot of Wolf WarriorⅡ. Tong Yemeng, a 32-year-old office worker from Beijing, told Sixth Tone that she watched the film because of positive reviews from her colleagues and on the social media. “I felt so moved and proud of my country when I saw Wu Jing waving the national flag in the war zone，”she said. “It showed our increasing national power.”
A．He was a worker.B．He was a soldier.
C．He was a coach. D．He was a president.
解析：选B细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“The movie ... tells the story of a former Chinese People's Liberation Army soldier protecting ... zone.”可知，《战狼Ⅱ》中的英雄曾经是一名军人。
故选择B项。
2．Why is Wolf WarriorⅡ so popular?
A．Because the movie is concerned with the love of our country.
B．Because Wu Jing played a key role and directed the film.
C．Because it is the first film concerning an African war zone.
D．Because the plot gives audiences a deep impression.
解析：选A细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“The patriotic(爱国的) emotions have proven popular with audiences.”可知，这部影片很受欢迎的原因与爱国有关。
故选A项。
3．Which word can best describe Yuan Renguo's attitude towards the movie when he wrote the letter?
A．Favorable. B．Astonished.
C．Relieved. D．Uncaring.
解析：选A推理判断题。
根据第四段中的“The movie has hit a new record and become a phenomenon”与“... has once more allowed this famous Chinese brand to impress the world”和第五段，再结合文章标题可知，他写信时是非常赞许这部电影的。
故选A项。
4．What caused Tong Yemeng to see Wolf WarriorⅡ？
A．Desiring to relax. B．External influence.
C．Feeling lonely. D．Friends' urgency.
解析：选B细节理解题。
根据最后一段中的“Tong Yemeng，a 32-year-old office worker from Beijing, told Sixth Tone that she watched the film because of positive reviews from her colleagues and on the social media.”可知，是外部影响促使她去看《战狼Ⅱ》的。
故选B项。
B
Jack Ma：Asia's richest man just
became $2.8bn richer in one day
Jack Ma's net worth increased by $2.8bn overnight as Alibaba forecast sales growth that topped every analyst's estimate on June 8, 2017, despite the fact that China's economy is slowing down.
Mr Ma, aged 52 this year, is now the richest person in Asia and the 14th wealthiest in the world, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index. His net worth has climbed $8.5bn this year to $41.8bn.
The latest surge came after China's largest e-commerce company forecast 45 to 49 per cent revenue (收入) growth in the year ending March, demonstrating how investments in online shopping are paying off. Shares in Alibaba, where Mr Ma is chairman, rose 13 per cent to a record high.
Alibaba and Tencent, which dominate online shopping and social media respectively, have ventured (冒险) deeper into new areas from cloud
computing services to streaming music and video as the
country's economy slows. Alibaba is capturing more
digital advertising spending by incorporating (吸收)
social elements such as video in its shopping sites.
Alibaba is holding meetings with investors this week.
On Friday, the former English teacher said he wasn't going to discuss corporate forecasts. He took the stage instead to describe how his company had become effectively the world's 22nd largest economy — just after Argentina — in terms of transactions (交易) by never fearing to think big. Mr Ma, who said Alibaba revised 10-year plans annually, foresaw the company becoming the fifth-largest eventually by 2036 by serving burgeoning (迅速发展) Chinese middle classes, taking advantage of global trade and making use of its valuable data.
Ma's comments about the evolution of data-driven technology echoed those of Masayoshi Son, chairman of Japan's SoftBank. SoftBank — Alibaba's largest shareholder —has invested billions in companies such as ARM with the intention of staking out a leading position in the future Internet of Things.
“The Internet of Things is going to be big because in the past, machines ‘drank’electricity，” Mr Ma told investors. “In the next 20 years, machines will ‘drink’ data. In the future, no company, no country, no business can survive without data.”
A．China's economy is not satisfying
B．Jack Ma has become Asia's richest man
C．online shopping grows rapidly worldwide
D．Alibaba is the largest company in the world
解析：选B主旨大意题。
通览全文可知，本文介绍了阿里巴巴集团股票股价上涨13%，使董事长马云净身家在一天之内增加28亿美元，成为亚洲首富的故事。
故选B项。
6．The underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．
A．sudden increase B．rapid decline
C．dead time D．uncertainty
解析：选A词义猜测题。
根据第一段中的“Jack Ma's net worth increased by $2.8bn overnight”和第三段中的“China's largest e-commerce company forecast 45 to 49 per cent revenue (收入) growth in the year ending March”可以推测画线词意为“急剧上升”。
7．What do we know about Alibaba?
A．It is China's largest social media company.
B．It makes profits mainly from digital advertising.
C．It is providing cloud computing services.
D．It is new to streaming music and video.
解析：选C细节理解题。
根据第四段的第一句“Alibaba and Tencent, which dominate online shopping and social media respectively, have ventured (冒险) deeper into new areas from cloud computing services to streaming music and video ...”可知，由于国家经济下滑，阿里巴巴已进军云计算服务领域。
8．What does Jack Ma stress in the last paragraph?
A．The investment of global trade.
B．The importance of data.
C．The necessity of sharing information.
D．The future of the Internet of Things.
解析：选B推理判断题。
根据最后一段的最后一句“In the future, no company, no country, no business can survive without data.”可知，在将来，任何公司的发展和存在都离不开数据，因此他强调了“data”的重要性。
C
Stephen Hawking Warns Humans
Must Leave Earth Soon
Professor Stephen Hawking recently came out with a serious warning for people. While at the Starmus Festival, a festival in Trondheim, Norway, celebrating science and the arts, Hawking warned people that the human race is in serious danger.
Hawking criticized President Donald Trump for denying climate change. Then the physicist warne d the audience, “I am not denying the importance of fighting climate change and global warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most serious and wrong decision on climate change this world has seen.”
Hawking proposed that the leading countries should send astronauts to the Moon before 2020 to restart a movement of more exploration in space. The BBC reported that Hawking suggested that we “build a lunar base in 30 years' time and send people to Mars by 2025”．
According to the BBC, Profes sor Hawking said, “Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity.” He continued, “I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal to face the common challenge for us all.” The physicist shared more ideas to motivate the younger generation to continue exploring space. Hawking stated, “A new and ambitious space program would excite (young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics (天体物理学)
and cosmology (宇宙学)．”
Hawking also revealed his vision of other forms of
energy that could move us to a new planet. He warned
the audience, “The Earth is under threat from so many
areas that it is difficult for me to be positive.” He
continued, “Our natural resources are being drained at an alarming rate. We have given our planet the disastrous gifts of climate change, rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation (滥伐森林), and decimation (大批杀死) of animal species. We can be an ignorant and unthinking (考虑不周的) lot.”
The professor warned the audience that doing nothing would lead nowhere. He said, “If we succeed we will send a probe (航天探测器) to Alpha Centauri within the lifetime of some of you alive today. It is clear that we are entering a new space age. We are standing at the threshold (开端) of a new era. Human colonization and moving to other planets is no longer science fiction, and it can be science fact.” Hawking advised the audience to move to other worlds because we are running out of space.
A．To send people to Mars.
B．To build a lunar base.
C．To send astronauts to the Moon.
D．To change the future of humanity.
解析：选C细节理解题。
由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索，故选C项。
10．The underlined word “drained” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”．A．speeded up B．stored
C．used up D．explored
解析：选C词义猜测题。
由该词前面的“natural resources”和后面的“at an alarming rate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。
11．What is Hawking's attitude towards the Earth's future?
A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.
C．Positive. D．Indifferent.
解析：选A观点态度题。
由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故选A项。
12．The reason why humans must leave the Earth soon is that ________.
A．the Earth is under threat and the human race is in serious danger
B．humans have found other forms of energy to move to a new planet
C．a new and ambitious space program would excite young people
D．astronauts have found a better world in space than the Earth
解析：选A细节理解题。
由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A项。
D
Called “the man who shaped America” and “the father of modern industrial design”，Raymond Loewy must be one of the most influential designers of all time. He revolutionized the industry, working as an adviser for more than 200 companies and creating designs for everything from packaging to refrigerators, from cars to the insides of spaceships.
Loewy's designs all had one thing in common. They were shaped by the MAYA principle —Most Advanced Yet Acceptable. His idea was that people will not accept solutions to design problems if the solutions are too different from current designs.
Loewy started his career in industrial design in 1929 by re-designing a copying machine for the British manufacturer, Sigmund Gestetner. The 28-year-old designer completed the task in three days and the design of the machine lasted for the next 40 years.
The Gestetner copying machine was the beginning of many designs which used streamlining (流线型). He described this as “beauty through function and simplification”.
He spent the next 50 years streamlining everything from postage stamps and company logos (商标) to the insides of stores. The famous Greyhound bus and Studebaker car show his use of streamlining in action.
He is perhaps most famous for his re-design of the Lucky Strike packaging. In 1940, the President of the Lucky Strike Manufacturing Company, George Washington Hill, bet Loewy D|S50,000 that he could not improve the appearance of the green and red Lucky Strike packets. Loewy accepted the challenge. He changed the background of the packet from green to white. Then he put the red lucky strike target on both sides of the packet. This made it more eye-catching and greatly increased sales. It is now recognized as a design classic.
Loewy's logo design aimed at “visual retention (视觉保持)”. He wanted to make sure that anyone who saw the logo, even for a short while, would never forget it. He designed many highly visible logos for famous companies such as Shell Oil, Exxon, Greyhound and Nabisco.
By the mid 20th century, his industrial design firm was so famous that he could say “the average person, leading a normal life ... is bound to be in daily contact with some of the things, services or structures” designed by his firm.
A．completely changing the design industry
B．successfully shaping Americans' taste
C．changing people's idea about design
D．building a professional design team
解析：选A细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“the father of modern industrial design”和“one of the most influential designers of all time”以及“He revolutionized the industry”可知，雷蒙德·罗维完全改变了设计行业。
14．Loewy's designs were based on the idea of ________.
A．speeding up the design process
B．providing completely different designs
C．providing most immediately recognizable designs
D．offering original but not revolutionary answers to problems
解析：选D推理判断题。
根据第二段内容可知，罗维的设计都基于一个原则：最先进的但仍可接受的。
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Loewy provided service to ordinary people.。
