英语选修八小课文及翻译第四单元

新人教版英语选修八第四单元Reading的课文译文皮革马利翁主要人物：伊莱扎.杜利特尔（伊）：穷苦的卖花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活。

希金斯教授（希）：语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位。

皮克林上校（皮）：陆军军官，后来成了希金斯教授的朋友。

希金斯还给上校安排了一项任务。

※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※第一幕决定性的会面1914年某日晚上11点15分，在英国伦敦某剧场外。

下着倾盆大雨，有一位男士在躲雨，并观察着人们的语言和反应。

一边观察，一边在做记录。

附近有一个卖花姑娘也在躲雨。

这时有位先生（先）从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。

※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※伊：长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命的孩子一束花吧！先：对不起，我没有零钱。

伊：长官，我可以给你找零钱呀。

先：（惊奇地）一个英镑你找得开吗？没有再小的钱了。

伊：（带有希望的神色）啊！好啦，买一束吧。

拿这一束，只要三个便士。

（举起一束已经枯萎的花）先：（不舒服地）别烦我了，好姑娘。

（在口袋里找什么，这时语气好些了）等一等，这儿有几个零钱。

这点钱对你有用吗？雨下大了，不是吗？（说完就走了）伊：（对先生付的钱表现出失望的样子，但是有总比没有好）先生，谢谢了。

（看到有人在记什么，表现出担心的样子）嗨，我跟那位先生讲话，又没做错什么事。

我有权卖花吧，我有权嘛！我是个老实姑娘，老老实实的。

（开始哭起来）希：（友善地）好啦，好啦！谁伤害你了，傻姑娘！你把我当成什么人了？（递给她一条手帕）伊：我还以为你是一个便衣警察呢。

希：我像警察吗？伊：（仍在担心）那你为啥要把我的话记下来呢？我怎么知道你是不是写对了呢？那你把你写的东西给我看看。

希：你看吧！（把写满字的纸递给她）伊：这是什么呀？不像规规矩矩的字，我看不懂。

（把纸退回给他）希：我来读。

（模仿伊的声音读）长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命孩子一束花吧！（改用自己的声音说）好了吧，你呀，如果我没有弄错的话，你是伦敦西边的人，出生在里森格罗佛。

1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。

It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。

它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。

The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。

This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。

NATIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。

However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。

Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。

1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。

It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。

它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。

The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。

This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。

NA TIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。

However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。

Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。

1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。

It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。

它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。

The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。

This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。

NA TIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。

However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。

Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。

高中英语选修8课文逐句翻译人教版(总38页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。

It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。

它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。

The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。

This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。

NATIVE AMERCANS美洲土着人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。

However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土着人就住在加利福尼亚了。

Unit4 Act Two, Scene 1 MAKING‎THE BET 第二幕第一场打赌It is 11am in Henry Higgin‎s' house the next day. Henry Higgin‎s and Colone‎l Picker‎i ng are sittin‎g deep in conver‎s ation‎.第二天上午1‎1点，在亨利·希金斯家。

亨利同皮克林‎上校正坐着深‎切地交谈。

H: Do you want to hear any more sounds‎?希：你还想不想听‎听更多的发音‎呢？CP: No, thank you. I rather‎fancie‎d myself‎becaus‎e I can pronou‎n ce twenty‎-four distin‎c t vowel sounds‎; but your one hundre‎d and thirty‎beat me. I can't distin‎g uish most of them.皮：不听了，谢谢。

我本来还很自‎负的，因为我能清晰‎地发出24个‎元音来。

而你发出了1‎30个元音，其中多数我都‎分辨不清。

你赢我了。

H: (laughi‎n g) Well, that comes with practi‎c e. 希：（笑起来）这都是练习的‎结果。

There is a knock and Mrs Pearce‎(MP), the housek‎e eper, comes in with cookie‎s, a teapot‎, some cream and two cups.敲门声起，皮尔斯夫人（管）带着甜点、茶壶、奶酒和两个杯‎子进来。

MP: (hesita‎t ing) A young girl is asking‎to see you.管：（犹豫地）一个年轻姑娘‎求见你。

1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。

It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。

它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。

The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。

This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。

NA TIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。

However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。

Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。

Unit4ActTwo,Scene1MAKINGTHEBET第二幕第一场打赌Itis11aminHenryHiggins'.第二天上午11点，在亨利·希金斯家。

亨利同皮克林上校正坐着深切地交谈。

H:Doyouwanttohearanymoresounds?希：你还想不想听听更多的发音呢？CP:No,;'tdistinguishmostofthem.皮：不听了，谢谢。

我本来还很自负的，因为我能清晰地发出24个元音来。

而你发出了130个元音，其中多数我都分辨不清。

你赢我了。

H:(laughing)Well,thatcomeswithpractice.希：（笑起来）这都是练习的结果。

ThereisaknockandMrsPearce(MP),thehousekeeper,comesinwithcookies,ateapot ,somecreamandtwocups.敲门声起，皮尔斯夫人（管）带着甜点、茶壶、奶酒和两个杯子进来。

MP:(hesitating)Ayounggirlisaskingtoseeyou.管：（犹豫地）一个年轻姑娘求见你。

H:Ayounggirl!Whatdoesshewant?希：年轻姑娘！她想要什么？MP:Well,she'.管：哦，很普通的一个年轻姑娘，手指甲脏兮兮的。

我本来还以为你是要她来对着机器讲话的呢。

H:Why?Hasshegotaninterestingaccent?We',MrsPearce.希：怎么啦？她的口音很有趣吗？咱们来看看吧。

皮尔斯夫人，带她进来。

MP:(onlyhalfresignedtoit)Verywell,sir.(goesdownstairs)管：（半听不听地）好吧，先生。

（随即向楼下走去）H:'llshowyouhowImakerecordsonwaxdisks...希：还真是运气，我让你看看我是怎样在唱片上录音的。

1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。

It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。

它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。

The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。

This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。

NA TIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。

However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。

Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。

（完整版）⼈教版⾼中英语选修8课⽂及翻译⼈教版⾼中英语选修8 课⽂及翻译选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.NATIVE AMERCANSExactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become thethirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.LATER A RRIVALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco. Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California at the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and aircraft industries. MOST RECENT ARRIVALS In more recent decades, California has become home to more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California. THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, attracted by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNEMonday 12th, JuneArrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my luggage, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. Built in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams. Apparently he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident in which a tram's brakes failed, the conductor could not control the situation and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. Had a late lunch at Fisherman's What. This is the district where Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now it's a tourist area with lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and other places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What. Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else. Early bed tonight! Tuesday 13th, JuneTeamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car. Spent all day driving around the city. There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists. It has blue and white signs with seagulls on them to show the way to go. It's a 79km round-trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different angles and take photographs. Now have a really good idea of what the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in southern China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum containing documents, photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill to our hotel.Wednesday 14th, JuneIn morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay. On the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; some did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay seemed to be punishment rather than justice and freedom to them. They wrote poems on the walls about their loneliness and mourned their former life in China. In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.选修8 Unit 2 Cloning-ReadingCLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that these are both examples of natural clones.Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated. It is a difficult task to undertake. Many attempts to clone mammals failed. But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough - the cloning of Dolly the sheep.The procedure works like this:On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly's illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. Sadly the same arbitrary fate affected other species, such as cloned mice. The questions that concerned all scientists were: "Would this be a major difficulty for all cloned animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if corrections were made in their research procedure?"On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and publicimagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions. Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, but other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.克隆⼀直在我们左右并且已经被⼤多数⼈接受。

1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。

It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。

它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。

The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。

This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。

NA TIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。

However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。

Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。

Unit4 皮格马利翁主要人物：伊菜扎·杜利特尔（伊）：穷苦的卖花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活希金斯教授（希）：语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位皮克林上校（皮）：陆军军官，后来成了希金斯教授的朋友，并给他安排了一项任务第一幕决定性的会面1914年的某日晚上11点15分，在英国伦敦某剧场夕。

正下着倾盆大雨，四处响着出租车的鸣笛声。

有一位男士在躲雨，边听人们谈话边观察着人们的反应。

他一边观察，一边作记录。

附近一个穿着黑色衣裙围着羊毛围巾的卖花姑娘也在躲雨。

这时有位先生（先）从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。

伊：长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命的孩子一束花吧！先：对不起，我没有零钱，伊：长官，我可以给你找零钱呀。

先：（惊奇地）一个英镑你找得开吗？没有再小的钱了。

伊：（带有希望的神色）啊！好啦，从我这买一束吧。

拿这一束，只要三个便士o（举起一些已经枯萎的花）先：（不舒服地）现在别烦我，好姑娘。

（在他的口袋里找什么，这时语气好些了）等一等，这儿有几个零钱。

这点钱对你有用吗？雨下大了，不是吗？（说完就走了）伊：（对先生付的钱表现出失望的样子，但是有总比没有好）先生，谢谢了。

（看到有人在记什么，感到担心）嗨，我跟那位先生讲话，又没做错什么事。

我有权卖花吧，我有权嘛！我不是小偷，我是个老实姑娘，老老实实的！（开始哭起来）希：（友善地）好啦，好啦！谁伤害你了，傻姑娘？你把我当成什么人了？（递给她一条手帕）伊：我还以为你是一个便衣警察呢。

希：我像警察吗？伊：（仍在担心）那你为啥要把我说的话记下来呢？我怎么知道你是不是写对了呢？那你把你写的关于我的东西给我看看。

希：你看吧！（把写满字的纸递给她）伊：这是什么呀？不像规规矩矩的字，我看不懂。

（把纸退回给他）希：我懂。

（模仿伊的声音读）长官，过这边来呀，买我这个苦命孩子一束花吧！（改用自己的声音）好了吧，你呀，如果我没有弄错的话，你出生在里森格罗佛：伊：（困惑不解的）如果我是又怎样呢？跟你有什么关系呢？皮：（本来是一直望着这个姑娘的，这时跟希金斯说话了）太棒了！请问你是怎么知道的呢？希：对人的发音进行研究、分类，如此而已。

【MODULE 4】Which English?【READING AND VOCABULAYR】Which English?When you receive a phone call from a friend, how long does it take you to know who it is? A few seconds, perhaps. The quality of someone`s voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognizable, even though you can`t see him or her. In this sense everybody`s use of language——whether English, Chinese, or any other——is different. You could say that there are as many varieties of English, or any other language for that matter, as there are speakers of it.English is spoken as an official language in more than 60 countries across the world and it can sound very different from place to place. Pronunciation, as well as grammar and vocabulary, can change very quickly from one area to another. For example, within London the most famous dialect is cockney. It is only usually spoken by people from the east of that city so it is not the only form of English you will hear. You can usually tell which part of the English-speaking world someone comes from by their accent, and there are some very recognisable accents all over Britain. It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart.Although most people believe there is a right and a wrong way to speak English, there is not really a standard form that everyone can agree on. English spread across the world over hundreds of years because of trade, exploration and business, and this process produced many different Englishes. Professors of linguistics, writers and teachers all worry about providing a perfect model to follow but as it is so widely spoken, it has become impossible to say which English is “correct” and which is “incorrect”. Perhaps correctness doesn`t matter——as long as speakers can understand each other——it`s communication that counts.[Australia]G`day! D`ya speak Strine? Or rather, Hello! Do you speak Australian? Australia is one of the youngest nations in the world. The first Englishspeakers arrived little more than 200years ago——and they didn`t want to.Most of them were prisoners sent there to work. They came from all over Britain, but especially from Northern Ireland and the London area, which is why the Australian accent today has traces of both Irish and cockney speech patterns. The English speakers found a people who had been living inAustralia for more than 50,000 years——the Aborigines, and anextraordinary variety of wildlife, unique to the continent. Many of the Aboriginal words for these animals, such as kangaroo, koala and kookaburra soon passed into the language.But the main differences between Australian English and other intonation patterns. Sometimes it is difficult for British and American people to understand the Australian accent, and mistakes are common. A few years ago a well-known English author was signing copies of his books in a Sydney bookshop. A customer came up to the author holding a copy of the book and said Emma Chissit. The author thought that Emma Chissit was the woman`s name. But when he asked how to spell the name, in case the customer wanted him to write her name in the book (To Emma Chissit ,with best wishes), he realized that the customer had been asking the question: How much is it?[Jamaica and Singapore]Australian English comes directly from English spoken in Britain. But in other countries where English is spoken as a first language this is not the case. The variety of English spoken in Jamaica, and other Caribbean countries, has some of the grammatical features of the African languages spoken by the ancestors of the Jamaican people, so that there is often no apostrophes(`s) (that woman house, instead of that woman`s house) or no link verb or article(He good man, instead of He`s a good man). Another feature is the rhythm. It is the rhythm of rap music, which became popular in the US in the 1980s.On the other side of the world, in Singapore, English is a second language, spoken by about half the population. Other languages include Malay and Chinese. Almost everyone in Singapore is bilingual, while some people speak three or four languages. The most common variety of English spoken is known as Singlish. Sentences in Singlish often end with the world lah.The variety has been influenced in particular by Malay and the Chinese dialect Hokkien (language spoken in Minnan), both in grammatical features and vocabulary. Today there is a debate in Singapore about which variety of English is the best: Singlish, or a variety closer to British English, which is the aim of the Speak Good English Movement created in 1999. 【READING AND VOCABULARY】The Future of EnglishEver since the invention of the first telegraph at the end of the 19th century, English has been spreading around the world. It has a power influence in the media, on the Internet and in pop music that is not going to go away. This communication revolution has turner the world into a “global village” inwhich everyone needs to talk to each other—and so often nowadays thatmeans in English.More people now speak English as a second language across the world than as a native language. It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050. But what will that form of English be like? Traditionally, British English has been taught across the world, but it is only one variety. Experts believe that the future shape and grammar of English, especially in its spoken form, will no longer be determined in the traditional English-speaking countries like Britain and America but in the rest of Europe, Asia and Africa.International organizations and businesses communicate with each other in English. But a new pattern of using English is developing that does not look the same to native speakers as “traditional” English. Researchers are now investigating “non-native” English which is a new form of the language with changes in grammar, pronunciation and meaning. Often meanings and words from other languages find their way into English to produce a new dialect such as “Franglais” which combines aspects of French and English. You could say this gives English a French flavour. All of those processes are a form of natural evolution. New dialects acquire their own complex features until they become real languages in their own right. Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own.【READING PRACTICE】Colourful EnglishEnglish has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand. Even if the meaning of the words is straightforward, the cultural associations of the phrase may be ambiguous. The dilemma is to know which are explicit, which are figurative, and why they are relevant to an everyday situation.Idioms are picturesque or absurd expressions conveying a concept which is different from the literal meaning and have been common in English for many years. The Pilgrim Fathers in America always asked for turkeys when they traded with Native Americans. Thus, to talk turkey means to get down to business. But some idioms are very new and you`ll need to clarify what they mean. For example, man as a box of frogs is a recent way of describing someone who has a tendency to be rather disorganized or vague. A bad hair day is one when you fell clumsy or depressed, possibly because your hair doesn`t look good.Many expressions are advertising slogans. That`ll do nicely, sir! comes from an old TV ad for American Express. It`s the shop assistant`s reply to a customer who selects a credit card from his wallet and asks if the shop accepts American Express.Other common expressions have metaphorical significance. Get your tanks off lawn! means Back off! Withdraw your threats! and was first said by a British prime minister, rejecting the threat of a potential strike by a trade union leader. Age before beauty is used when inviting another person to go through a door before you. It`s not meant to abuse the other person, but it may sometimes cause offence. The Iron Curtain was the statesman Winston Churchill`s term for the diving line between eastern and western Europe. With friends like these, who needs enemies? means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down. We shall overcome dates from the American Civil Rights movement in the USA, meaning we will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.Finally, there are traditional proverbs which express a moral or piece of advice. For example, when in Rome, do as the Romans do suggests you should adapt to local conditions. Some sayings have achieved the superior status of a proverb such as Money makes the world go around from themusical Cabaret(1996). This comes from the older proverb Love makes the world go round.【CULTURAL CORNER】Chinese as a Foreign LanguageWho wants to learn Chinese? Just about everybody in the world, it seems. The demand for Chinese as a foreign language is growing fast, both in English-speaking countries like France, where the number of students studying Chinese has increased by 15% each year in recent years.There are a number of reasons for the interest. As China develops economically, opportunities for doing business increase dramatically——and if you know your partner`s language, your chances of success increase. But there is also a renewed interest in the culture and traditions of China; the fact that Chinese culture has continued uninterrupted for more than 5,000 years is a source of curiosity and fascination for people in other parts of the world.A third reason is that learning Chinese is, simply, a challenge. With its characters and complicated tone system, most speakers of other languages think Chinese must be the incredibly difficult. But is it really so? As one American students says, “The biggest problem about learning Chinese is often fear——sometimes caused by the teachers. I`ve studied quite a fewlanguages, and none of them are as easy for me as Chinese. The grammar is easy, since sentence order is similar to English——but simper. The only difficult part of spoken Chinese is the tone system. Even that isn`t a big problem. I remember the first time I heard a native of Beijing speaking, it was so clear!”With so much interest in the language ,the Chinese government introduced an international exam system.Established in 1990,the HSK test was initially meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language. Later, it was introduced abroad. At the moment, there are more than 100 exam centres in 27countries around the world, with nearly 15,000 candidates taking the exam every year. And a spin-off of this is that teaching Chinese as a foreign language offers young Chinese language graduates interesting professional opportunities——and a chance to travel across the world.。

达芬奇只是一个画家吗?1452年最伟大的画家和发明家、达芬奇、出生。

他的家庭非常贫穷,他成长在意大利乡村。

但他的绘画能力允许他学习下从佛罗伦萨著名画家,叫Verrochio。

莱昂纳多逐渐学会了技能需要一个伟大的艺术家,到了1480年代,他开始生产自己的画作。

不幸的是在这个时间绘画并不总是提供一个稳定的收入,所以年轻的达芬奇开发他的绘画技能赚取的钱在其他方面。

他学会了设计无论他的雇主想要的:城市、运河、桥梁或武器。

达芬奇可能感兴趣的机器当他还是个孩子。

他的一些早期的图纸清楚地显示各种机器零件如何工作。

学习期间,在Verrochio,莱昂纳多观测和使用各种各样的机器。

通过研究和绘画,莱昂纳多获得知识关于他们的设计和结构。

艺术家达芬奇的时候知道如何构建和修复许多熟悉的类型的机器,但似乎没有人想到发明新技术。

然而,莱昂纳多是不同的。

他开发了一种新的态度对待机器。

他意识到,通过理解每个单独的机器工作的一部分,他可以改善它们,把它们以不同的方式来改善现有的机器。

这样他开始设计机器没有人曾经见过的。

他开始写第一部系统的解释和机器的工作部件的机结合在整个。

他的绘画技巧使他产生清晰的图纸他的机械的想法很容易。

甚至超过五百年后的今天,他的许多设计仍然可以被用来创建完美的工作机器。

对他来说,最有趣的部分是使用机械齿轮(齿轮)。

基于齿轮,他想出了许多设计,包括自行车,一架直升机,“汽车”和一些武器当然。

同时使得发明莱昂纳多也画。

那些认识他的人的一个最好的认可他的特殊能力和描述他在这些话:“最奇妙的礼物似乎给特定的人类。

有时,不可思议地,他们都可以发现在一个个体,这是所有男人看到和承认对于达芬奇、展示了……一个特殊的恩典在他做的每一件事。

他的天赋是如此罕见,他掌握了任何主题,他将注意力转他可能是一个科学家,如果他没有那么熟练的在其他领域。

”今天我们认为达芬奇是一个伟大的画家,但如果他从来都不是一个画家,我们仍然感谢他为最伟大的发明家之一,他的时间。

1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。

It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。

它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。

The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。

This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。

NATIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。

However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。

Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。

高中英语选修八课文翻译WASLEONARDODAVINCIJUSTAPAINTER（精选五篇）第一篇：高中英语选修八课文翻译WAS LEONARDO DA VINCI JUST A PAINTER达芬奇只是一个画家吗?1452年最伟大的画家和发明家、达芬奇、出生。

他的家庭非常贫穷,他成长在意大利乡村。

但他的绘画能力允许他学习下从佛罗伦萨著名画家,叫Verrochio。

莱昂纳多逐渐学会了技能需要一个伟大的艺术家,到了1480年代,他开始生产自己的画作。

不幸的是在这个时间绘画并不总是提供一个稳定的收入,所以年轻的达芬奇开发他的绘画技能赚取的钱在其他方面。

他学会了设计无论他的雇主想要的:城市、运河、桥梁或武器。

达芬奇可能感兴趣的机器当他还是个孩子。

他的一些早期的图纸清楚地显示各种机器零件如何工作。

学习期间,在Verrochio,莱昂纳多观测和使用各种各样的机器。

通过研究和绘画,莱昂纳多获得知识关于他们的设计和结构。

艺术家达芬奇的时候知道如何构建和修复许多熟悉的类型的机器,但似乎没有人想到发明新技术。

然而,莱昂纳多是不同的。

他开发了一种新的态度对待机器。

他意识到,通过理解每个单独的机器工作的一部分,他可以改善它们,把它们以不同的方式来改善现有的机器。

这样他开始设计机器没有人曾经见过的。

他开始写第一部系统的解释和机器的工作部件的机结合在整个。

他的绘画技巧使他产生清晰的图纸他的机械的想法很容易。

甚至超过五百年后的今天,他的许多设计仍然可以被用来创建完美的工作机器。

对他来说,最有趣的部分是使用机械齿轮(齿轮)。

基于齿轮,他想出了许多设计,包括自行车,一架直升机,“汽车”和一些武器当然。

同时使得发明莱昂纳多也画。

那些认识他的人的一个最好的认可他的特殊能力和描述他在这些话:“最奇妙的礼物似乎给特定的人类。

有时,不可思议地,他们都可以发现在一个个体,这是所有男人看到和承认对于达芬奇、展示了……一个特殊的恩典在他做的每一件事。

1.选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。

It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。

它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。

The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。

This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。

NA TIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。

However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。

Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。