姓名：________________教学课题：_现在完成时__现在完成时一．现在完成时的构成：Have/has+过去分词二．句式转换1）肯定句：have/has+过去分词Eg:We have seen the film before.2）否定句：have/has+not+过去分词Eg:She hasn’t seen t he film before.3）一般疑问句：Has/Have+主语+过去分词+其他？Eg:Has she finished her homework yet?4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词？Eg：How long have you been in Shanghai ?三．动词过去分词变化形式动词的过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规则变化1. 一般在动词原形后加-ed读音规则：①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]，在浊辅音音素后发音为[d]，在元音音素后发音也为[d]。
例：watched dreamed enjoyed②-ed在音素[t]、[d]后发音为[id]。
例：start → started sound → so unded2. 在以-e结尾的动词后加-d。
例：like → liked live-lived3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。
例：worry → worried4. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。
例：dro p → dropped prefer → preferr ed练习：( )1.—Have you finished your work? —.(A).Yes,I have. (B)Yes,I do. (C)Yes,I am. (D)Yes,I did.( )2.—Has she ever learned English? —(A)Yes, she has. (B)Yes, she does. (C)No, she doesn’t (D)No, she has（）3..I Enghish in this school since 2019(A)taught (B)have taught (C)tea (D)would teach( )4.Lilei the pen for five years(A)has had (B)bought (C)have had (D)have bought四．现在完成时的用法：一）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与just，already，yet等副词连用。
标志词：already，yet , ne ver, ever, just, before……Eg: I have just finished my homework.I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.Have ever been to Japan?辨析：already 与yetalready 做副词，意为“已经”，通常用在肯定句中，与现在完成时连用。
放在have/has后，过去分词前面。
yet 做副词，意为“已经”，与现在完成时连用，用于疑问句或者否定句中，通常位于句末，也可以与not连用，构成not yet,用于简略回答，意为还没有注意：在现在完成时中，含有already 的陈述句变为否定句/疑问句时，讲already 变为yet.Eg : 1.I have already seen the film._____________________________________.2.She has already finished reading the book._____________________________________?3.----Has he come?----Not yet.练习：( )1.—Have you travelled on the train. —Yes, I have.(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet( )2.——Have you finished your homework ——Not .(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just( )3. We haven't finished our homework .(A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never( )4.—Have you learned English? —Yes, I've learned a lot.(A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever( )5.—Have you finished your homework ? —Yes, I've done that(A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just( )6.John's father borrowed some pictures(A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yet二）表示从过去某时开始持续到现在（包括现在在内）并可能继续持续下去的动作或者状态常与for和since连用标志词：for，since，in the past few days, so far, up to now,recently, latelyShe has taught us English since two years ago.My brother has played the violin since he was only five years old..辨析：for 与sinceEg：1.Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984.2.I have known Daniel since 7 years ago.3.He’s learned abou t 5000 words since he went to college.It is/has been +时间段+since+一般过去时Eg: it has been about 10 years since we got married.It is three years since he joined the League. 他已经入团三年了。
2）for +一段时间He has taught in this school for four years.I haven’t seen her for a long time.（3）since和for的转换since ＋一段时间＋ago ＝for ＋时间段;since two weeks ago = for two weeks;for a year = since a year agoeg :I have leaved here for ten years=__________________________________.My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.=_____________________________________.1. 延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法（1）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
【例句】He stayed away from the class for two days. 他两天没去上课。
I waited for you for half an hour. 我等了你半个钟头。
延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，可与for+时间段, since+时间点或since+一般过去时的句子连用。
表示"时间段"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。
（2）非延续性动词表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。
如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。
【例句】She arrived yesterday evening. 她是昨天晚上到的。
He left here three days ago. 他三天前就离开了。
They came to a wide river. 他们来到一条宽阔的河边。
Mother bought us some new clothes. 妈妈给我们买了一些新衣服。
非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。
因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
（3）常用的非延续性动词与延续性动词的对应关系【例句】这本书我借了一个月了。
（×）I have borrowed that book for one month.（√）I have kept that book for one month.用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词，常见的相应转换形式如下:1. borrow / lend→keep,2. buy→have,3. finish / end→be over,4. arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there,5. begin / start→be on ,6. open→be open ,7. close→be closed,8. die→be dead , 9. leave→be away（from）,10. go to school→be in school / be a student,11. get up→be up, 12. fall asleep→be asleep ,13. fall ill→be ill, 14. get to know→know,15. lose→be lost, 16. become→be,17. return / come back / get back→be back,18. join→be in / be a…member,19. join the army→be in the army /be a soldier,20. receive / get a letter→have a letter ,21. catch / get a cold→have a cold,22. begin to study→studyEg: We have been married for about 10 years.His father has been dead for 2 years.练习：按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1)He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.2)I moved to the USA last year.I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.3)I went home yesterday.I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.4)They came here last week.They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.②come/go back, return →be back come/go out →be out1)He came out two years ago.He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.2)We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.③become →be1)I became a teacher in 2019.I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.2)The river became dirty last year.The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.④close →be closed open →be open1)The shop closed two hours ago.The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.2)The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.⑤get up →be up die →be deadleave sw. →be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleep →be asleepfinish/end →be over marry →be married1)I got up two hours ago.I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.2)He left Fuzhou just now.He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.3)My grandpa died in 2019.My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.4)The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.5)I got to sleep two hours ago.I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.6)They married in 1990.They ________ _________ __________since _________.⑥start/begin to do sth. →do sth. begin →be on1)I began to teach at this school in 2019.I ____ ____ at this school since ____.2)The film began two minutes ago.The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.⑦borrow →keep lose →not have buy →have put on →wearcatch/get a cold →have a cold get to know →know1)They borrowed it last week.They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.2)I bought a pen two hours ago.I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.3)I got to know him last year.I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.4)I put on my glasses three years ago.I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.⑧have/has gone to →have been in1)He has gone to Beijing.He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.⑨join the league/the Party/the army→be a league/a Party member/a soldier→be a member of the league/the Party→be in the league/the Party/the army1)He joined the league in 2019.He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.2)My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years. C）选择填空( )1.—How long can I this book? —Two weeks(A)borrow (B)keep (C)lend (D)return( )2.Her father in 1990 and her husband for more than five years(A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead (C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died ( )3.I have this nice watch for two years(A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend( )4.He his home for ten years(A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from ( )5.He a league member for three years(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become( )6.Lihua's brother has for two years(A)joined the army (B)been an army(C)become a soldier (D)been in the army( )7.He hasn't Quanzhou ever since he left school(A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away练习：A）用since和for填空1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month4) ______ 2019 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left hereB）用since和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.C）选择填空( )1.I've been like this ever snice(A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the last week ( )2.My mother has worked in this factory 2 years.(A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since( )3. I haven't heard from him last week.(A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before( )4.His father joined the party_________(A)for three years (B)since three years ago(C)three years ago (D)in two years' time( )5.He moved here in 2019,and he has been here .(A)at that time (B)for five years ago(C)since four years (D)for four years( )6.Tom has been away from home about five days ago.(A)\ (B)in (C)since (D)for五、句式：主句（现在完成时）＋since+ 从句（一般过去时）( )1.she English in our school ever since she here.(A)has taught, come (B)taught ,came(C)has taught, has come (D)teaches, has come( )2.OurEnghish teacher in our school since he to China.(A)has taught .. come (B)taught,…come(C)has taught, has .. come (D)teaches, has …come( )3.She in Taizhou since she born in 1980(A)has lived, has been (B)has lived, was(C)lived, has been (D)lived, was六、句式：It’s ＋一段时间＋since从句（用一般过去时）( )1.It’s ten years since she .(A)has left (B)has been away (C)left (D)leave( )2. It’s three years since he the army .(A)has joined (B)has been in (C)join (D)joined 三）．Have gone to与have been tohave been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里,后面可以接次数，表示去过某地几次【例句】He has been to the USA three times.他曾去过美国三次。
