大学英语四级翻译训练

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• Chinese painting, the traditional painting in China, has a long history. There were paintings on silks even in Warring States Period over 2,000 years ago. Tools and materials used in Chinese painting are brush, ink, paper and silk and so on. There are three main subjects of Chinese painting: human figures, landscapes, and birds and flowers. Originated from Chinese calligraphy, Chinese painting is essentially an art of line, which attempts to arouse images and emotions with paintings. The content and artistic creation of Chinese paintings reflect the ancient people’s recognition of nature, society, philosophy, religion and morality.
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• 中国长城是中国古代为抵御敌人的侵袭而修筑的伟大工程。它位 于中国北部，全长约8851.8公里。它始建于2000多年前的春秋时 期（the Spring and Autumn Period）,秦始皇统一中国之后联成万 里长城。汉，明两代（the Han and Ming Dynasties）又曾大规模 修筑，因此它是世界上修建时间最长的一项古代工程。长城是人 类文明史上最伟大的建筑工程之一，被列为世界八大奇迹之一和 世界文化遗产（heritage）.
• The Great Wall of China is a great project in ancient China constructed to defend against the attacks of enemies. It locates in the northern part of China and stretches for 8,851.8 kilometers. First built in the Spring and Autumn Period over 2,000 years ago, it was united to become “the Wall of 10,000 li” after Qin Shi Huang unified China. The Han and Ming Dynasties saw extensive rebuildings and maintenance of the Great Wall. Thus it is an ancient project which consumed the longest time in the world. As one of the greatest constructions in the history of human civilization, the Great Wall has been listed as one of the Eight Wonders of the World and a world cultural heritage site.
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• Celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, Mid-Autumn Festival is an important traditional festival in China, next only to Spring Festival. It is a day of family reunion. The moon is the theme of celebration. Family members get together to taste delicious moon cakes and enjoy the full moon—a symbol of abundance, harmony and luck. Mid-Autumn Festival is also considered as a harvest festival, because autumn is a season of harvest when various fruits, vegetables and crops are ripe. Many touching legends are also associated with Mid-Autumn Festival, such as “Chan’e’s flight to the moon”.
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• 中秋节为每年的农历（lunar calendar）八月十五日，是中国仅次 于春节的第二大传统节日。这一天是家人团聚的日子，月亮是中 秋节庆祝的主题。全家人聚在一起品尝美味的月饼，观赏象征丰 裕，和谐和幸运的圆月。中秋节也被认为是一个丰收的节日，因 为秋季是收获的季节，各种水果，蔬菜和粮食作物都在此时成熟。 许多动人的传说也与中秋节有关，如“嫦娥奔月”（Chang’e’s flight to the moon）.
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• 相声（Xiangsheng）是中国最重要的表演艺术之一，共有三种不 同形式的相声，分别由一人，两人和多人表演。其中由两人表演 的对口相声（cross talk）最为流行，传播最为广泛。“相声”一 词最初是指模仿别人的言谈举止。现代相声包含四种基本技能： 说，学，逗（tease）,唱。由于相声的许多内容是消化和有趣的 故事，语言幽默而又讽刺（sarcastic）,因此深受人民群众的喜爱。
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• 孔子学院（Confucius Institute）是中国在世界各地设立的教育和 文化交流机构。推广汉语，传播中国文化是设立该机构的目的。 孔子学院最重要的一项工作就是给世界各地的汉语学习者提供标 准的教材以及正规的汉语学习渠道。全球首家孔子学院于2004年 在韩国首尔（Seoul）成立，目前已遍布106个国家。孔子学院有 力地推动了中国文化与各国文化的交流和融合（integration）.
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• 国画（Chinese painting）指中国传统绘画，历史悠久，远在2000 多年前的战国时期（Warring States Period）就出现了画在丝织品 上的绘画。国画的工具和材料有毛笔（brush），墨，纸和丝绸等。 国画从题材上主要分为三类：任务，山水，花鸟。国画起源于中 国书法（calligraphy）,在本质上是一种线性艺术，试图采用绘画 唤起意向和感情。国画在内容和艺术创作上，体现了古人对自然， 社会，哲学，宗教和道德的认识。
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• Confucius Institute is an institute of education and cultural communication established by China all over the world. Its aim is to promote Chinese language and spread Chinese culture. The most important task of Confucius Institute is to provide standard textbooks and a formal channel to learn Chinese for learners all over the world. The first Confucius Institute opened in 2004 in Seoul, South Korea. At present, it has been established in 106 countries. Confucius Institute has greatly promoted the exchange and integration of cultures between China and the rest of the world.
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• 中国面临的最严峻的挑战之一就是人口老龄化（aging population）. 专家称在未来四十年内，中国老年人口将接近5亿， 占据人口总数的三分之一。这无疑给中国经济增长带来了巨大的 压力，但这也意味着更多的商机。人口老龄化将为养老院 （nursing home）行业的发展带来良好的前景。据粗略统计，5亿 老年人每月至少能为养老院行业带来5000亿元的经济效益。
• Xiangsheng is one of China’s most significant performing arts, including three different forms, performed respectively by one person, two persons and three or more persons. Of the three forms, cross talk, performed by two persons, is the most popular and widespread. The term “Xiangsheng ” originally referred to the act of imitating someone’s speech and behavior. Modern Xiangsheng is composed of four basic skills: speaking, imitating, teasing and singing. Due to its contents which are mainly jokes and interesting stories and its humorous and sarcastic language, Xiangsheng has become very popular among people.
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• Aging population is one of the most severe challenges in China. According to the experts, within four decades, China will have nearly 500 million elderly people, which accounts for one third of the total population. Such a situation will undoubtedly put huge pressure on the economic growth of China, but it also means more business opportunities. The fast-growing numbers of elderly people will bring a very good prospect for the industry of nursing homes. Based on rough statistics, half a billion elderly people can at least bring the industry and economic benefit of 500 billion every month.