浙江省高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解提升练(七)词义猜测题

强化练(七)主旨大意题(2)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·浙江五校联考)On Mondays, two of my children get ready for school in an unusual way.Each packs plenty of food and water, a pair of rubber boots and sometimes a cup of hot chocolate.Then, I drop them off at a nearby park where they spend the entire day outside at a certified forest school.When I first let them sign up for the forest school program，I loved the idea, but as a mum，I was concerned about a few things: Would they be comfortable outside for that long? Would they stay engaged for that many hours? Then I asked them if time ever seemed to move slowly，they stared at me in confusion.They didn't understand my question, which fittingly removed my concern.In this program, kids direct their own play，climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake.They are never told their play is too high or too sharp, but are rather trusted toself-adjust.Something else my sons appreciate about the forest school is not being told to move on to the next activity, but being left to stay in a particular spot for as long as their curiosity allows.“What about all the things they're missing in real school？”concerned parents have asked me.Neither of their classroom teachers thinks it's a problem, but most significantly, my kids are learning new and different skills that a classroom cannot teach.They are learning to sit silently and observe nature up close—a skill that's virtually impossible to develop in a noisy and overcrowded classroom setting.They are making social connections across a broader range of age groups.They cooperate together, using their different sizes and strengths to fulfill various roles within their games.I appreciate it that the forest school is shaping my boys' relationship with theoutdoors.They're learning how to spend extended periods of time in nature, what to do to pass the time，and developing knowledge that will get them much closer to nature in the coming decades.1．What is special about the forest school program?A．Teachers engage in kids' play.B．Kids play and learn outdoors.C．It focuses on nature protection.D．It offers various foods and drinks.2．How did the author feel about kids' reaction to her question?A．Awkward. B．Concerned.C．Relieved. D．Proud.3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A．The concerns caused by the program.B．The benefits gained from role-play.C．The skills acquired by children.D．The games loved by teachers.4．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Nature：a Wonderland for the YoungB．The Forest School Program Proves a HitC．Parks Are Replacing Traditional SchoolsD．Forest School：a Fine Place for My Kids[语篇解读]本文主要讲述了作者的两个儿子在森林学校项目中的收获以及该项目的好处。

新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。

词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。

考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。

在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。

2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。

强化练(七) 阅读理解——词句猜测题(一)A“I can't like it.” My three­year­old daughter made a face and spat her spinach (菠菜) back onto her plate.“I want potato chips！”Exasperated, but bound and determined not to be one of those moms who give in to their children's picky eating habits, I gathered myself and tried a different approach.I firmly believed that junk food should be for special occasions, not a daily habit.“Mommy worked hard to make a nutritious and delicious meal.Please eat it，”I begged.“No！” she yelled.“I wan t potato chips! All my friends at school get whatever they want for dinner.I hate you！” She was screaming while throwing her food on the floor.I bowed my head in shame, feeling as if I was failing as a parent.I took a deep breath and tried to keep cool.I gave her a serious don't­mess­with­me look and said, “Come on; you know the rule.”“Yes, I should try everything three times，” she replied with a roll of her eyes.“That's right，” I said in my sweetest mom voice.“So two more bites.”When I was a child, my mother didn't make me eat everything on my plate.She had a different approach.She said I had to try every food three times.Her reasoning was this: one time to try it, the second time to get over the fact that you had just tried it, and the third time to make sure that you don't like it.After those three attempts, if I still hated the taste, she would never make me eat it again.Her rational and supportive approach worked almost every time.I was raising my daughter with this same—reasonable—rule.A small smile crept onto my face as I saw her swallow her second bite of spinach and then open her mouth for the third.She slowly chewed her final forced bite, and my thoughts returned to how the “three times rule” had affected my life.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。

和桥高级中学2021届高考英语第二轮复习阅读理解专题指导猜想词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。

这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。

这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。

事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或者句子甚至段落都有联络。

我们可以利用语境〔各种信息〕推测、判断某些生词的词义。

近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义才能的考察，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对打破高考阅读理解、进步我们的英语语言才能都有非常重要的意义。

常见的题干有：1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？2) The word... could best be replaced by.3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).4) According to the passage,... probably means.5) The author uses the word... to mean.猜想词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：一是针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或者高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。

这些解释提供的信息明确详细，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜想词义就非常简单。

1.根据定义〔definition〕猜想词义假如生词有一个句子〔定语从句或者是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或者是同位语从句〕或者段落来定义,或者使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或者段落本身就是推断词义。

定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。

浙江2020高考英语阅读理解--词义猜测题讲解及选练（含答案）高考英语阅读理解常考点分析阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力(细节理解题)；2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力(词义猜测题) ；3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力(主旨大意题)；4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。

【词义猜测题】Ⅰ. 利用同义词或近义词来猜测词义。

有时，为了避免重复，作者会运用不同的词来表述同一意思。

此时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，此时可以从该熟悉的词语或结构中推知生词的含义。

这种情况下，通常在生词和与其同义或近义的词或短语之间有表并列关系的词and或or等。

Ⅱ. 利用反义词或句子中的转折关系猜测词义。

反义词同样能够帮助我们理解生词的含义，像although，but，while，however，otherwise，on the other hand等词或词组通常是反义词线索的标志。

Ⅲ. 根据定义和解释猜测词义。

有些文章中尽管出现了生词，但作者可能会以某种方式对该生词进行解释，如利用means，or，that is to say，that is，in other words，namely等释义性词或短语来进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等来解释。

Ⅳ. 利用举例说明猜测词义。

有时，有些生词没有给出直接的解释，而是在其后举了一些相关的例子进行说明。

我们可以对这些例子进行归纳，即使不能完全猜测出生词的确切含义，也能猜测出其大致意思。

常见的表示举例说明的词和短语有：like，for example，for instance，such as，such ... as等。

Ⅴ. 利用上下文语境猜测词义。

猜测任何一个生词或短语的含义都离不开上下文的语境，此时就要求我们通过上下文来对该生词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。

Ⅵ. 利用词义搭配猜测词义。

高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之词义猜测题型阅读理解满分秘籍——理解题干的要求是核心，分析选项的特点是基础，读懂原文的主旨是条件。

做到题干、选项与原文内容的完美结合。

词义猜测题型高考《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求是：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；……《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求的第三点是根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义。

它是阅读理解能力的具体体现，因为在高中阶段考生的词汇量有限，所以考生必须培养对生词和熟词生义的理解能力才能够更好地理解文章，了解作者写作的真实意图。

对应的题型就是词义猜测题型。

词义猜测题型通常只有1~2小题，但是千万不能忽略此题型，因为这是典型的易错题。

做题时，考生一定要弄清楚上下文的逻辑关系，比如根据因果、转折、解释等不同的关系找到对应的关键词，使猜测能够在文章中找到确切的依据，这样就不会错了。

词义猜测题型需要我们积累足够的词汇知识，千万不能因为不知道选项的意义而无法准确选择。

事实上，有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着“生词恐惧心理”，一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。

那么做阅读理解时遇到生词该怎么办? 查词典当然是排除词义障碍的一种方法，当然这只有在平常的阅读训练中才可以使用。

但是，频繁的查阅词典既影响阅读速度，又容易破坏阅读的思路和兴趣。

况且，一词多义是英语词汇的主要特点，词典不一定能为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。

平时的练习中遇到生词不要马上查词典，可以通过一定的方法来猜测理解。

猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有词义猜测题型。

掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。

词义猜测题常见的提问方式有：1. The word / phrase “…”in the sentence could be replaced by _________.2. The word / phrase “…”in the paragraph refers to _________.3. What is the meaning of the underlined word /phrase “…”in the paragraph?=What does the unlined word / phrase“…”mean?= Which of the following words can take the place of the underlined word “…”?4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word / phrase “…”?5. The word/phrase “…”most probably means ________.6. “…”as used in the passage can best be defined as ________.对于词义猜测题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的、盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。

2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测-词义猜测题考查解读【题型解读】词义猜测题是阅读理解每年常考的题型。

词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。

由此看来，对于生词的理解是否准确，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。

词义猜测题的命题方式有：(1)What does the underlined word “...” probably mean?(2)The word “...” refers to/probably means .(3)The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by .(4)What do you think the expression “...” stands for?(5)By saying “...” we mean .(6)“...” used in the passage can best be defined as .(7)Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”？二、解题技巧——巧用线索猜词义1．根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测有些文章，特别是科技说明文，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。

有时，需要猜测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。

有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。

例如：Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down.One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse，who brought a defibrillator，an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them：Paris’s heartbeat returned.分析：所猜测单词defibrillator后面出现了同位语an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work (一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器械)来进行解释说明，我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。

模式4| 词义猜测题[例1] (2016·全国乙卷·C·节选)I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier．Since March 2012，I've done 89 trips—of those，51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last.In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we've got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.29．Which of the following can replace the underline d word “courier” in Paragraph 1?A．provider B．delivery manC．collector D．medical doctorB[词义猜测题之单词的含义。

根据画线单词后的句子“I've done 89 trips—of those，51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box...”可知，“我”是一个运送干细胞的人。

][例2] (2016·四川高考·C·节选)His black­and­white pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self­supporting hunting lifestyle w ith the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，which brings with it not only necessary state welfare，but also alcoholism，betrayal and even suicide.31．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?A．The modern French lifestyle.B．The self­supporting hunting.C．The uncivilized world.D．The French Republic.A[词义猜测题之代词指代，可利用并列关系解题。

词义猜测题（模拟精练+真题演练）take its toll onInvisible Hands Deliver witnessed a massive outpouring of support from like-minded individuals in the community. (2020年3月，随着大流行病开始在纽约take its toll，Invisible Hands Deliver组织目睹了社区中志同道合者的大力支持。

)”可知，疫情期间社区中志同道合的人们伸出援助之手，大力支持社区的人们，这说明疫情造成了巨大损失，需要大力支持，由此可推知，画线短语“take its toll”意为“造成很大损失”，故选A。

【解析】词句猜测题。

根据划线词前半部分“If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are,they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine”（如果我们制造出比我们更聪明的机器，它们很可能以我们无法想象的方式发展）可知，当机器人比我们更聪明时，它们的一些方式可能是我们无法想象，甚至在某些方面会超出我们的想象，所以划线词此处指“超越”，A项“使失去能力”；B项“启发，鼓舞”；C项“使失望”；D项“超越”，故选D。

A．Selecting.B．Cooperating.C．Fighting.D．Matching.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。

根据画线词上文“The National Merit Scholarship Corporation will grant around7,600 students the scholarship after an intense”以及后文“of about1.6million entries”可知，国家优秀奖学金公司是从约160万名申请者中选出7600名学生发放奖学金。

阅读理解提升练（七）词义猜测题AHave you ever wondered that we parents are the true fighters in the college-admission wars？We are pushing our kids to get good grades,take SAT preparatory courses and build résumés so they can get into the college of our first choice。

In our eyes,a degree from Stanford or Princeton is the ticket for life。

We see our kids’ college background as something showing how well or how poorly we've raised them。

But we don’t realize we are selfish。

We think more about ourselves than the kids。

It's true getting into college has generally become tougher because the number of high school graduates has grown。

We suffer great anxiety；we worry there won’t be enough honours to show off。

Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever.We hold the belief that graduates of best universities must enjoy more success because they get a better education。

考点分类练（七）词句猜测题词义短语猜测类Passage 1(202］广西南宁一模）Richard Ripl巳y knows he wouldn' t be th巳man he is today without one special woman.Richard and his brother,K巳vin,were placed into g_监应红豆�adoptive homes at a young age b巳cause of their parents’deep drug addiction.Kevin was placed with the Ripley family while Richard went to live in four separate homes over the course of three years,suffi巳ring abuse along the way.Richard and Kevin only saw each other巳very few months,but during thei.1visits,Mrs.Ripley grew to care for Rkhard,too.“Mrs.Ripley would take us for lunch at McDonald’s as Kevin always liked the food,and when she first noticed the scars all over my body，”Richard wrote.“She immediately made arrangements for me to join their family.”Unfortunately,Mr.Ripley passed away from cancer shortly a仇er Rjchard joined由e family.But ev巳n川the face of hardship,Mrs.Ripley never once considered parting with Ke、in or Richard.“Nobody would have blamed h巳r for taking us back.But instead she took us to court and made it permanent，”Richard continued.“She must have been super stressed,but that’s not at all what I remember.I just rem巳mber the words that she gave me.It was always: 'You’m smart.' And 'You' re handsom巳．’And'You survived all bad things because you’re strong.’There are very few forces as powerful as a mother’s love.”Thanks to her unfailing love and guidance,Rich剑’d gr巳W up to be th巳strong,successful man she always knew he could be.He joined the Marines （海军陆战队）…and graduated from law school!And,of course,his mom was always there by his side,celebrating right along with him.Now,as a parent himself,Richard couldn’t be more grateful to the Ripleys for making his life worth living and giving him a future to look forward to.1. W hat docs the underlined word“disparate”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Wealthy.c。