儿子与情人-英文介绍简介PPT课件

西南大学育才学院本科毕业论文Oedipus complex of son and loves学院外国语学院专业英语年级2008级学号2008108115姓名李春羲指导教师刘朝汉成绩二○一二年五月Thesis: Son and Lovers reveals to us that how Mother Fixation injures the body and soul of people.Ⅰ. The information about D.H. LawrenceA. background of the authorB. Mother Fixation of the authorⅡ. Sons and LoversA. Main Contents of Sons and LoversB. Mother FixationⅢ. The Understanding of Mother FixationA. The Origin of Mother FixationB. The essence of Mother FixationC. The form of Mother FixationⅣ. ConclusionD.H. Lawrence was born in a broken family: he was deep feeling with his mother which was different from normal one. Before 1913 Lawrence was fell in love with a woman who was older than him. His work Sons and lovers is based on his life experiences have written. The hero Paul Morel was born in broken family. He was deep feeling with his mother which was different from normal one. This abnormal love influenced his whole life, influenced his twice relationships. Paul fell in love with Miriam, but they broken up at last bec ause Paul could not bear Miriam’s love, Miriam wanted to control Paul. The second woman in Paul’s life was Clara who was a married woman. The love also ended not long. Because of conflicts, Mrs. Morel was exhausted and she died at the end. From then on, Paul got rid of the shackles of his mother and led an independent life. Sons and Lovers, is a specific evidence of the Oedipus complex. Freud introduced the term “Oedipus complex” also called “Mother fixation” according to the Ancient Greece and Rome mythology in which Oedipus who killed his father and married his mother. After introducing the form and influence of Mother Fixation, the most important is the influence of Mother Fixation, it reveals to us that how mother Fixation injure the body and soul of people.Oedipus complex of son and lovesD.H. Lawrence was born in miner’s family of England in 1885. His father was a totally illiterate miner and his mother was a primary school teacher who was born in a noble family was a woman of strong character and refinement. The broken marriage of D.H. Lawrenc e’s parents led to an unlucky family. Growing up in a poor and broken family, the young Lawrence was physically weak and full of illness. He had a deep feeling with his mother which was different from normal one. Lawrence was a literature genius that he started to publish his works from 1906. In 1913 his most great work Sons and Loves published and the novel aroused strong reverberates in the literature world which established his position in the literature history. In 1912, Lawrence got acquainted with wife of a professor, Frieda weekly, who was 6 years older than Lawrence, a mother of three children. Then, they fell in love with each other and eloped to German, from then on, they led a vagrant life until he died. In 1903, Lawrence died in the south of France. During his lifetime, Lawrence published lots of works, such as Woman in Love, Rainbow, Sons and Lovers and so on, which are loved far and wide in the world.In the 19th century of England, the people were divided into three stratums. They were the upper class, the middle class and the lower class. People from different classes had different goals and they were treated different. So that family of equal standing were regarded seriously. Lawrence’father, the miner of course from the lower stratum was ill iterated and choleric with a bad temper. He got acquainted with Lawrence’s mother, a primary school teacher who was from the middle class. The woman was very pride and she always complained that her husband was vulgar person without any ambition and regretted that it was miserable to marry him. The unlucky marriage was born which was the basis factor of abnormal love. The arrogant woman put much attention to her son that she wanted to realize her dream to be the upper class. Lawrence was her psychological dependence. The son of the miner’s family grew up under the shelter of his mother, and engendered the abnormal love which was different from the common human emotion. After the death of his mother, Lawrence terminated the engagement with his fiancé. No soon later, Lawrence got acquainted with Fried Weekly and fell in love with her. At last, Lawrence and Fried Weekly eloped, which was regarded as the strong evidence of Mother Complex under Lawrence because Frieda, the wife of a professor and a mother of three children who was 6 years older than Lawrence and made up for the Mother Fixation of Lawrence. Such love was reviled by people because it had distorted the moral love.Paul Morel was born in a miner’s family that his father Mr. Morel was a totallyilliterate miner and his mother Gertrude was primary school teacher who was born in a good old burgher family, famous independents who had fought with Colonel Hutchinson, and, who remained stout congregation lists. Moreland Gertrude got acquainted at a dancing party, sooner they fell in love with each other and got married. But their marriage was a failure. Quarrels between the young couple never stopped because of different temperaments and behavior habits. More was a rough man without any ambition and Gertrude was an elegant and honorable woman with a great ambition that was the origin of their failure marriage. Gradually, poverty and discord was the theme of the family. William, Paul, older brother was a bright and capable boy and he got a job in England, became the economic prop of the family. Unluckily, the young man had a mortal disease and died. The younger brother of Paul, Arthur was a playboy that did not engage in honest work and joined the army without any thinking. Paul, the only boy at home, became the only hope of his mother, Gertrude. She tried her best to raised him and hope that one day he could get rid of poverty of miners and made up for her failure marriage. Paul did not disappoint his mother that he won credit for her. His drawing did not only win the prize but also sold for a good price. All of these he did was to please his mother and made her proud. The first girl fell in love with Paul was Miriam who was from the willey Farm. They held the common in goals especially in literature and painting. They really matched well. Unfortunately, the love did not last long. Their date was interfered with by his mother because she was afraid of losing his son. Paul realized that his faithful love belonged to his mother. When he knew that the date with Miriam had hurt his mother he regretted his behavior and could not bear, so that he decided to separate from Mi riam. The second woman in Paul’s life was Clara who was a married woman. Because of not getting along with his husband, Clara separated with her husband with a legal divorce. Clara was a wildly enthusiastic and sexy woman that Paul was attracted by her fascinatio n. However, the emotion in Paul’s heart, however, belongs to his mother. The people he loved most was his mother not the sexy woman. The love also ended not long. The love of Paul and his mother became mother complex from the love between mothers and sons. Because of endless conflicts, Mrs. Morel was mentally and physically exhausted that she died of tumor at the end. From then on, Paul got rid of the shackles of his mother and led in independent life.As we know, it is a tragedy for a woman to marry a wrong man, so was Gertrude. Because of a sudden passion, the girl, Gertrude from a rich and powerful family married the poor miner. When the passion disappeared she found the man was very rough and he could not be relied on. The endless quarrels made her dream broken that she lavished her love onher second son, Paul, after the death of the oldest son. There was so much hope on her that she wanted to control his son including behavior and soul, so that he would never turn the back on her and went with another girl. Once there were two girls appeared in Paul’s life, then the wars broke. The first war was between Gertrude and Miriam. Gertrude realized that Miriam was a formidable enemy who would deprive her son from her. As she knew his son had been in love with the girl who was every young and beautiful. The most important thing was that the boy and the girl found each other congenial and held the same idea in common, especially in the art world. They could communicate with each other in their minds, of which Gertrude could not do. So when Paul was late for home. Because of the data with Miriam, Mr. Morels was every angry and described Miriam as “one of those who will want to suck a man’s soul out till he had none of his own left.” Although she did not fight with Miriam directly, the war was very acute. She inflicted the pressure on her son and shrew her hate of Miriam and afraid of losing her son before Paul. That was a mental war. The pressure really made Paul mad because when his mother was upset he would fell remorse for her and tortured very much. Towards Miriam, she treated her coolly when Miriam came to visit her family sometimes; all the m embers and friends of the Morel’s family who followed Mrs. Morel kept distance from Miriam and isolated the girl. As to the obstruction, Miriam just sneered at Paul because she did no know why his mother disliked her and Paul just followed his mother. There was no doubt that Miriam would be defeated. Another war broke in Mrs. Morel and Clara. Mrs. Morel definitely knew that she would be the winner of the war because she was sure that her son would be tied of the Clara. After the first visit Clara to Paul’s family Morel Mrs. found that had something attracted to Paul. Clara was a passionate and sexy woman, of which was most attracted to Paul, a mature woman. But in Mrs. Morel’s mind, Clara could not keep the passion of Paul because she was a vulgar woman without deep thought that she could not master the soul of Paul and Paul should throw away his soul for this flippant traffic of triviality with Clara, even Clara had a husband. She was just waiting her son back. Clara herself al so realized this, although Paul’s mother treated her friendly but i t was cool in the old woman’s deep hart. She knew that they have to part sooner or later, even if they married, and were faithful to each other, still he would have to leave her, went on alone, and she would only have to attend to him when he came home. She could not master the hart of Paul bec ause she did not know that Paul’s hart belong to his mother not any other woman. Clara was the loser in the war.Gertrude, the pride woman who was from the rich and powerful family married the miner without thinking carefully. The dream of the young girl was to marry a good man,who was elegant, humors and enthusiastic with great ambition. So when she found that Morel was just the opposite her dream was broken and she looked for another people who would realize her dream. The death of her oldest son made her despaired until she rebuilt her hope on her second son, Paul, who won much credit for her. The life of Gertrude was full of sunshine and hope again. She tried her best to praise Paul to be a manly man. Her love just liked a chain locking on the neck of Paul. When Paul fell in love with Miriam Mrs. Morel obstructed the progress of the emotion because she did not allow any other woman to deprive her son from her. Mrs. Morel did not only control the behavior of Paul but also the m entalities of Paul that the boy’s hart only belong to his mother. In the novel, we can see that Paul deeply loved his mother that he obeys what his mother said and did what his mother wished him to. During his life, all he did were to please his mother. When he was a child, he walked all day, went miles and miles to look for blackberries which his mother liked, rather than own himself bea ten and came home to his mother’s empty handed. When he was away from home, he looked forward to get home earlier because he knew that his mother was alon e and waiting his back. In Paul’s eyes, his mother was an elegant, undisturbed and beautiful young girl. Every night, he would send his mother to bed and kissed her for good night. After the death of his older brother, William, his family ran into a predicament. The expenditure of the family was larger and larger while the family lived with the wage of 26 ponds of the miner, his father. In order to help his mother to manage the household, Paul got a job in Nottingham and offered his mother his wages. It was undutiful that Paul was a mourning son, but his main purpose was to help his mother. As to his father, he stood with his mother to be opposed to him, even he hated his father. When his father quarreled with his mother he even wanted to take the place of his father. He believed that his father mismatched his mother and there was no love in their marriage. Once he talked to Clara about love:“love is a dog in the man ger”. The situation just liked his parents, marriage because even if his mother did not love his father anymore or hated him extremely, their marriage still continued and his mother would never leave his father. His words hinted to us that Paul had regarded his father as his rival of love; also we can see that Paul replaced his father and protest his mother. The love of the son and the mother was blameless, but it gradually developed into a kind of abnormal love, mother Fixation. We can get the evidence from the novel, once a time, after quarreling with her husband, Mrs. Morel despaired and complained to his son that she never had a husband, a true husband. After hearing this, Paul detested his father very much even he wanted to kill his father, at the same time, he deeply realized that his mother did not only need a good son but also ahusband, and then he could not help touching the hair of his mother and kissing his mother’s neck, of which was the strong evidence of Mother Fixation. The abnormal love had affected Paul’s life and thought. Mrs. Morel became the core of his dream and life. His mothers interfered again and again in his love and scold Miriam. Paul was in a dilemma as to continue to get along with Miriam or separate from her. Once he thought that it would made his mother sad he was full of self-reproach and remorse. Finally, Paul decided to divorce from Miriam. Just as what Miriam said, Paul was a child, a four years old child that Paul did not have his own judgment of thought under the protection of his mother. What he did was to please his mother that once he went against his mother wished he would self-examine and mended his way. Though his second attachment without the direct interference of his mother, it gradually fizzled out because Paul could not concentrate himself on any other person except his mother. Once he said to Clara that he planted to go abroad with his mother and depended on e ach other from then on. In Paul’s mind, his mother was his companion in the future but not his lover, maybe there was no a love in his lifetime if his mother was still alive. When he got the truth that his mother had a tumor and was being died, the queer feeling went over him, as if the entire sunshine had gone out of him, and it was all shadow. When his mother died, Paul even wanted to go with his mother.In the novel, there were several complicated conflicts in the leading characters. As we knew, the novel was about the love between Gertrude and her son and Paul and his two lovers. The most prominent conflict was in Paul and his mother. With the complicated psychology, Paul had deep feeling with his mother. When his attachment with Miriam led to the objection of his mother, he regretted very much and could not help but obey his mother’s wishes. At the same time, the interference of his mother made him annoyed and detested and sometimes he would do something to hurt to his mother intentionally. Once he was late for home again because he had sent Miriam home and walked long distance, his mother was very angry and scold him. Paul responded that he was old enough to decide what he liked and do what he wanted to. He knew that his words hurt his mother but his hart was delighted because he vented his anger. Maybe it was a kind of reprisal for the controlling of his mother. Another example was that Paul’s mother complained that Paul was absorbed by Miriam and never let him a man. Paul told his mother that he liked to talk to Miriam. His mother could not understand why Paul could not talk to her. Paul said that they were at the same age and his mother was not so young that he could had his thoughts sifted through his mother’s mind and she was not his companionship. He knew that his response was the great revenge to his mother. The contradictable psychology came into theclimax. When he got the news that his mother had a tumor he was full of fear that he could not believed that his mother was leaving him. During the last life time of his mother Paul made his mother take an overdose of morphine which accelerated the death of his mother. Although his purpose was to accelerate the suffering of his mother, it was a vicious idea. He had been tied on to his mother died. So the death of his mother made him free. The abnormal love was inevitable crazy and it led to the abnormal psychology. The second conflict was in Paul and Miriam. Miriam was the first love of Paul and Miriam. Miriam was the first love of Paul and their emotion was innocent. Paul loved the girl but sometimes he hated her very much especially when their contact made his mother sad he would do something to raven to Miriam. When his friends and family disliked her and snubbed her, he stood with them. Once his mother and Clara had a vicious talk about Miriam he criticized them and paid his sympathy to Miriam. That was a complicated conflict. As to Clara, the passionate fasc inating woman interested Paul’s attention that he nearly got mad. His mother also treated her friendly, but Paul never belonged to the woman. His hart was only belong to his mother that he was not a complete man and he could not consent rated on other woman. He annoyed that Clara did not belong to him and loved him completely. How contradictable the abnormal man was. There was no winner at the end of the story. We also can definite that the novel ended with a tragedy. In the novel, the greatest loser was the elegant and arrogant woman Mrs. Morel because the saddest thing for a woman was to marry a wrong man. The broken marriage was her first failure. It was undoubted that Gertrude was loser of marriage. Of course, her husband Mr. Morel was also a loser of marriage and family. The death of the oldest son who won so much credit for her did not brought Mrs. Morel the tremendous will but the broken dream. Although she defeated Miriam and Clara in the wars, Mrs. Morel became mentally and physically exhausted and got a tumor and soon died after continuous confliction. It was the tragedy of Mrs. Morel. Because of interference and control of his mother Paul was deep in the wars of soul and sensory feeling that he could not own complete love and gave up his love at his body and mind were divided into two parts that his mind was fixed on his mother while his body with his lovers. It was undoubted that Paul was a loser of love. The most unlucky thing was that he lost his mother at last. Without his mother, Paul almost lost his goal and led a vagrant life abroad. Another loser was Miriam; the sensate girl was looked downed upon by her lover Paul and abandoned by him. The last loser was Clara, the married woman who had a broken marriage, was pensioned in love with Paul and could not escape from the love failure. At the end, Clara came back to her husband and recovered her life. All the failure was due tothe abnormal love, Mother Fixation. It had distorted the emotion of the mothers and sons and breached the moral principle of human being. It did not only harm the body and mind of a person but also destroyed the family. I think we should learn something from it and pursue normal love.Mother Fixation ( Mother Complex, also translated " Oedipus complex" ), refers to the son against father and love mother . This name comes from whose name is Oedipus in Greek mythology. The Theban king Layiesi received the tora warning: if he let his litter son Oedipus grown up, his throne would be threatened. So he ordered the hunter took his son and killed him. But the hunter could not bear to killed this lovely child so only abandoned the baby .Abandoned baby is discovered by a farmer and raised. Years later, Layiesi went on pilgrimage, in the road he met a young man and quarreled with the young man, and then Layiesi was killed by this young man. The young man was Oedipus. Oedipus solved the riddle of the sphinx. He became Thebes’s king and married with the queen whose name was IO Custer. Years later Thebes appeared pestilence and famine, people asked the Oracle, and knew the truth that Oedipus killed his father and married his mother. Finally, Oedipus dug his eyes, leaved Thebes and drifted. Freud put forward, the boy pursuit his mother in early time, he always wanted to occupy the position of his father, and always wanted to occupy his mother's love, this is called Oedipus complex. Freud believed that the Oedipus complex was an important factor to develop the individual personality, and he used to explain the origin of culture and society. According to Freud's theory, in early human development, father owned the sex demanding rights of his wife and daughter, then the son against father, killed and aet father. Because of the sin is great, the son felt depressed for his mother and his sister. The incest taboo and exogamy were appeared. The essence of Oedipus complex was similarity and complement. For example, the boy and his father were isotropic, because of similar, similar caused identification, the boy took his father for example, then he learnt his father, and imitated his father, his father's psychological characteristics and quality is absorbed by him, and he made it to become his own psychological characteristics. The boy and his mother are different genders, they can complement each other, learn from each other, depends on each other. This is the so-called love. Then, the basic interpersonal relationship was formed between the boy and his parents, this relationship can be summarize as" Oedipus imitation father and love mother ". There were some stages in Oedipus complex. First stage of the Oedipus complex appeared in three to six years old, second stage of Oedipus complex appeared in puberty, then the boy would not hate his father and love his mother any more, the other two elders would replace his parents, the elders could be hisparents’friends, could also be his teacher, could be famous historical figures or popular stars. Therefore, the boy becam e an adult, the Oedipus complex’s object became his younger peers, finally his younger peers would replace the two elders. At this time, the boy and other boys were formed friendship, and he would fall in love with a girl. Why the object of Oedipus complex were younger than before. This was the parents were not real object of the Oedipus Complex, the image of his parents was the object of Oedipus complex. The image of the bo y’s heart would not become old when he grown up. Therefore, the boy grown up, but the image of his heart would become more and more young than, and the object of the Oedipus complex also became more and more younger. There were two forms of Oedipus complex: cooperation and antagonism. They divided people into two groups, friends and enemies; the love was divided into two categories, the spirit of love and physical needs; they divided the woman into two categories, the goddess and whores; the men were divided into two categories, gentleman and lady-killer. The opinion about interpersonal relationship of People who had Oedipus complex was very extreme. Third Oedipus complex had two special forms. they were called" Antigone complex" and" Cain complex". " Antigone complex" was from the story about the theme of brother sister incest, and" Cain complex" was from the story about the theme of Compatriots killed . When the abnormal people got married and had children, the image of their parents was replaced by their children, at this time, they would love their daughter and imitate their son, not loved mother and imitated father any more. And this is the fourth of Oedipus complex. When the fourth of Oedipus complex was over, it was entered the fifth of Oedipus complex. Along with the fourth of the Oedipus complex end, the image of other children replaced his own sons and daughters.Oedipus complex would bring unfavorable effects to the male: the male who had Oedipus complex would not get on well with his wife; And the male would Lack his own idea to do anything, because he was very afraid to lose his mother’love , so his mother would help him to Make decisions, not by himself, because of depends on mother, the way of thinking and speech would very like female; the male who had Oedipus complex used to obtain, and did not know how to service for others. There are many ways to avoid Oedipus complex to appear: first, let him contact other family members; help him to find more friends, develop peer relationship; do not do many intimate actions like treat babyWork CitedBernard Knox. Oedipus the King. Pocket Press, 1994.Fan CunZ hong. History of English Literature [M]. Sichuan People’s Press,1983.A Modern Chinese-English Dictionary. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and ResearchPress,2003.Guo Qunying. British Literature [M]. Foreign Language Teaching and Education Press，2001./Wang Shouren. Selected Readings in British Literature [M]. Higher Education Press，2001. Brenda Maddox．有妇之夫—劳伦斯的生活[M]．海邹伦，李传家，蔡曙光译．中央编译出版社，1999．D．H．Lawrence．Sons and Lovers．贺广贤注释，西安：世界图书出版西安公司，2005．巴金.寒夜.上海文艺出版社出版，2005.弗洛伊德．图腾与禁忌．文[M]．良文化译，中央编译出版社，2005．弗洛伊德．精神分析引论[M]．高觉敷译，商务印书馆，1984．基思?萨嘉．被禁止的作家--D．H．劳伦斯传[M]．王增澄译，辽宁教育出版社，1998．诺埃尔．文学文本的精神分析[M]．李红书译, 天津人民出版社，2004．张定全．新编简明英国文学史[M]．上海外语教育出版社，2002．吴伟仁．英国文学史及选读[M]．外语教学与研究出版社，1998．王佐良，祝玉，李品伟欧洲文化入门[M]．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2004．摘要D．H．Lawrence 出生在一个破碎的家庭，他对他的母亲产生了一种非同寻常的情感。

2004年8月郧阳师范高等专科学校学报Aug.2004第24卷第4期Journal of Yunyang Teachers College Vol.24No.4 X X XA New Reading of Sons and LoversWANG Lei(General Department,Yunyang Teacher.s College,Danjiangkou442700,China)[Abstr act]This paper portrays Jocasta Complex.of t he mother,according to F reud.s Oedipus complex after analyzing the relationship between mother and her sons.The purpose is to reveal the twisted souls in the decaying civilization caused by industr ial revolution.[Key Wor ds]Jocasta complex victim industrial[Clc n umber]H319[Docum entlode]A[Ar ticle1D]1008)6072(2004)04)0121)03Sons and Lovers is a faithful autobiographical novel on Lawrence.s early life in the midland coal -mining village of Eastwood.It is also the first in the history of English literature that has a truly working class background.T he author develops the story by portraying several characters.There are two conflicts and three relationships in this novel: mother sons-young girls;sons-mother-fa2 ther.Mrs.Morel,mother of the sons,is the major character in the novel.She was married to Mr, Morel who came from the lower class and a brutish,hard-drinking coal-miner and was dis2 appointed at her marriage and had no satisfaction In her own life in this coal-mining district because she thought she came from a good old burgher fam2 ily.,being educated and herself was obviously a finer type compared with the vulgar women in Bot2 toms.She had a passion for her husband,so the children were born of passion.She wants to escape from the poverty but she has to struggle with poverty and ugliness and meanness in her everyday life.0I wait,0Mrs Morel said to herself,0I wait, and what I wait for can never come.0She always expects her sons onward and upward out of the coal -mining village so that they find themselves into a higher class and make a better life.With worsen2ing of her husband brutishness and drunkenness, no interests in his family her emotions are slowly inexorably shifting from her husband to her chil2 dren.As her sons grow up she selects them as lovers first the eldest son,William,then the sec2 ond son Paul.These sons are urged into life by their reciprocal love of their mother when they grow old.They can.t love because their mother is the major part in their lives and controls their mind tightly.In her whole life,Mrs Morel tries to do two tasks:one is to affect her sons to hate their fa2 ther,the other is to get her sons.love.William is a handsome and intelligent Young2 man who combines his father.s gregariousness and physical magnetism with his mother.s intelligence and will power.When he grows up to go out to work and began to keep dates with young girls, Mrs Morel began to be jealous of his girlfriends. Although he could give his sex to a0fribble0and planned to marry this girl,he was forced to give up her after her mother.s persuading.He suffers a split in his mind and his body,and at last he suf2 fers to death of pneumonia to free her mother.s control in his soul.After William.s death,Mrs Morel was para2 lyzed with grief.Nobody could take her back to0 her old bright interest in life0.She was not finallyXXX[Author.s In tr oduction]王磊(1972-),女,陕西眉县人,郧阳师范高等专科学校基础部讲师,主要从事英语教学研究。

在二十世纪的英国文学中，现代著名小说家戴维赫伯特劳伦斯可以说是最富创见、争议最多的作家之一。

他在世时，曾因一再触犯当局而多次受到官方迫害，作品几度遭禁。

他敢于打破十九世纪前辈作家的传统创作方法，以其独特的风格，抒情的笔调，细致的心理刻画，书写原始的美和自然的美，企图表现人类本能的力量。

他认为工业化的西方文明过度强调人们的才智，剥夺了人们自然地、肉体的本能，使人们丧失了人性。

他相信西方文明正处于没落阶段，并反对一切私有财产观念，这就直接违背了西方多少年来的传统文化和习惯势力。

无怪乎他除了受到了官方的迫害之外，还遭到评论家的抨击和谩骂，目为异端邪说，甚至在他死后几十年中，还受到种种非难和歪曲。

不过，近年来，他受到越来越多的人重视，被推崇为二十世纪英国文学最重要的代表作家之一。

劳伦斯1885年9月十一日出生于英国诺丁汉郡附近的伊斯特伍德村，父亲是个煤炭工人，母亲出身清教徒家庭，受过相当教育。

由于矿区生活艰苦，家庭经济拮据，父亲经常酗酒，母亲满腹辛酸，所以劳伦斯的童年生活并不美满，幸亏母亲对他偏爱，才算有个安慰。

1910年12月，他母亲故世，这对他是一大打击，也是一大解放。

他决心开始新的生活。

他结识了欧内斯特维克李教授的夫人，比他大六岁的弗利达，两人一见钟情，不到几个星期便一同出走到欧洲大陆。

1914年6月他们回到英国，七月正式结婚。

不久，第一次世界大战爆发，劳伦斯公开谴责战争，因而受到当局监视。

1915年九月，他出版的《虹》里揭露了国内的黑暗，触犯了当局的战时“利益”，于是此书遭到禁售、销毁的厄运。

劳伦斯受此打击，几乎一蹶不振。

此后他曾与弗利达浪迹天涯，到处寻觅逃避现实的绿洲，但终未找到。

1930年3月2日，他因患肺病而溘然长逝。

劳伦斯虽然只活了短短四五十年，但他给后人留下了一大笔文学遗产。

除了作诗、绘画、翻译、写作游记和剧作外，他的主要精力都放在小说创作上，一共写了六十多篇短文小说，七篇中篇小说和十部长篇小说。

Sons and loversThe Bestwood locates in the boundary of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, here the story takes place. With the development of industry, more and more coalminers flood in this small village and more accommodation are built. “The houses themselves were substantial and decent” as it says, nasty alley of ash-pits and dirty yard make people fell ill.To Mrs. Morel, life here is solely …struggle with poverty and ribald‟. She was born in a middle class family, whose father and grandfather once won lots of glory. As a teacher she had been, she has a good command of knowledge and speaks Standard English. In the contrast, her husband Mr. Morel, who works in the mine since he was ten, was deprived of right to be educated. He speaks entire slang disobeying grammatical rules.At the time when Mr. Morel courted to Mrs. Morel and she married him, she never expected that all she enjoyed as a middle class would be robbed of or she would suffer from social ignorance and economical shortage. No one can deny that Mrs. Morel‟s acceding to his proposal is an act on impulse. After life betrays his real character----rudeness, addition to alcohol, no responsibility, in fact there are endless shortcomings in her eyes. When the excitement and passion fade away and Mrs. Morel wakes up to real life, she realizes to fight against to life.As a result, Mrs. Morel turns all love to her children especially two sons. She paid most attention to her first son----William at beginning. Life pushes William to leave the poor condition home for London, he‟s eager to earn a better life, which is also the dream of his mother. Life always plays joke on poor man, when everything goes smoothly, William falls in love with a …noble‟ girl who is clerk in fact. He is so absorbed in her that puts all his energy to create a wonderful life for her. Finally, William ends his life alone in an early age.And misfortunate never comes singly, the second son Paul has pneumonia dangerously. He is very ill, his mother lies in bed at nights with him and takes care of him for 7weeks. Eventually, he gets up white and fragile. At this point, Mrs. Morel puts full love on Paul, which is beyond that a mother should give to a child.The first part of novel comes to a conclusion here. In this class society, every character in the story has his\her response to the social status.Mrs. Morel, a naïve and impulsive middle class, gets a flash marriage with a miner, considering no results of being a laboring class. But regret works none, although she has a good command of language of language, as a female, there is no work position for her. Being a household wife, she can do noting change the situation. Instead, Mrs. Morel turns all his unsatisfication toward her husband, railing him, cursing him and insulting him. When people feel hopeless to themselves, they always seek console from others.William, Mrs. Morel‟s first consolation, he does gets rid of chains as born in laboring family to some degree. With his mother‟s expectation----never follow the old disastrous road his father walked, William goes London to make a living. The high salary he makes gives him a little bit confidence that he is a middle class to a certain extent. But at the moment he meets the …noble miss‟ Western, it‟s obvious his little pride is all gone. He admires her, maybe just the …identification‟, and the …social statuses‟. William is so eager to establish a intimate relation with her that he can be a an upper class in shortcut. Finally, his dream breaks up, the melancholy of laboring class goes to a deeper level.The most annoying and poor character in the novel is definitely Mr. Morel. He actually has countless immoralities, indeed, as a husband, he cleans the room and prepares lunch for wife as she‟s ready to bear a baby; as a father, he waits anxiously for William to go back home for Christmas Eve. Even if his wife complains he is …a man there‟s not five minutes of peace‟, his children all stand on mother‟s side. Being laboring class, no education or poor work condition, all those don‟t hurt him or even make sense. What‟s more harmful is that he is …alone ‟ all his life, just owned short-lived love and no-warmth family. But who can tell the reasons? No one. But he himself should be to blame. Maybe, numbness is a characteristic of laboring class, they‟re used to be suffered, and can‟t distinguish soreness at all.The next part of novel is developing around Paul, his mother, Mirian, a pride girl and a married woman, Clara.Brought up by Mrs. Morel‟s careful love, Paul grows up to a bashful and asocial boy. He goes to Willy Farm and gets familiar with the Leiver‟s, and meets the pride girl Marian. …She herself was something of princess turned into a swine girl in her own imagination‟. T he girl is romantic in her soul and inclined to be mystical, there is such a treasure religion inside her. She believes love is all from god, yearning foe pure love. In her mind, it‟s such a sacrifice if her body and soul all belong to Paul, as a result, she always keeps Paul at arm‟s length. And she is sick of sex, regarding it as filthy, she insist that the relationship between them is just …friend‟. Paul desires to be satisfied physically, however, he can‟t even touch her. He hates Marian, who refuses his proposal, although he is mentally faithful to her. Marian knows Paul‟s mind better than himself that he tries to get rid of her but in vain, she‟s just waiting him to yield to her.Not long after, Paul is captivated by married woman, Clara. Although her mature sex gives him physically satisfaction, his heart is full of Mirian.All in all, Mrs. Morel is the most important woman in his life. When Mrs. Morel recognizes that there is such a girl making her son so distracted, how can she bear that. She loves him, even regards him as her lover, what if any other woman rob him of. Anger and envy come to her.There are different conflicts on every character of the story. Mirian loves Paul, but it can‟t be called …love‟ in her mind, for the only she can give is …friendship‟. She seeks soul free, believes that love is a gift from god. Actually, she falls love in a normal man, although she denies it. She hates sex, it‟s evil and disgusting, but she longs for staying with Paul and getting close to him. Caused by all reasons, she finally loses her lover, doing nothing, she just waits him for back.It‟s so normal for a hot-blood youngster thirsting for sex, although he has an unsuitable lover. Every one sees he loves Mirian to bone that his mother is so envious to her. By saying ‟I am old ,and therefore I may stand aside, I have nothing more to do. You only want me to wait on you ---- the rest is for Mirian.‟She just wants to draw Paul‟s attention. On the other side, Paul can‟t stop his love to mother, which is beyond love between mother and son. He denies his love to Mirian is in face of Mrs. Morel,‟I don‟t love her, he murmured, bowing his head and hiding his eyes on her shoulder in misery. His mother gave him a long, fervent kiss.‟ These intimate behavior always stimulate Paul‟s mind, he loves Mrs. Morel. He even tells her one day she lives, he‟ll never find a suitable woman to marry.Some one may condemn this abnormal love, but considering in a more rational way, it‟s acceptable. In a certain situation, such as in poverty, exploited, war, people lack sense of security extremely. They look for dependants and love instinctively. As soon as they get it, they‟ll hold this life-saving straw and have a special emotion on them for the rest of their life, even if they are safe enough. When the son and mother spend those exceedingly hard days together, they‟ve been psychologically dependence to each other. Love between them is just a representation of the dependence.When Mrs. Morel suffers from cancer and goes from bad to worse. Paul feeds her milk with morphine and kills her. He fell it relaxing as if relieves of a heavy load. Since he can do nothing to save his mother or even make her feel better. It must be widest decision to relieve Mrs. Morel from physical suffering and Paul from mental torment.From loving mother to killing mother and getting rid of lover and mistress, Paul becomes a mature male. He starts a brand new life just himself.。

内容简介 · · · · · ·《儿子与情人(Sons and Lovers)》是劳伦斯以他的童年和青少年时代生活为蓝本而写成的一部成名作。

小说主人公保罗的父母莫瑞尔夫妇在一次舞会上一见钟情，缔结婚姻。

但莫瑞尔是矿工，而莫瑞尔太太出身中产阶级。

两人的生活理念截然不同，妻子面对丈夫的浑浑噩噩，深感希望破灭。

对丈夫的失望、不满和怨恨使莫瑞尔太太把自己的感情和希望都倾注到儿子身上。

她先是寄希望于长子威廉，然而长子早逝。

她又寄希望于次子保罗，希望他能够出人头地，实现她的理想。

她爱儿子，鼓励他成名成家，跻身于上流社会；她又从精神上控制儿子，使他不能钟情于别的女人。

这使得保罗在以后的感情问题上迷茫、困惑、无所适从。

和女友米莉安的交往使年轻的保罗经历了精神痛苦的过程。

然而和他的母亲一样，米莉安也试图从精神上占有保罗，使保罗感到窒息。

后来他们分手了。

保罗身边还有一个与丈夫分居的名叫克拉拉的女人。

保罗从她那里得到了肉体上的满足。

不过最终克拉拉结束了和保罗的感情生活，回到丈夫身边。

最后莫瑞尔太太病逝，保罗和米莉安也未能重归于好。

他依旧孑然一人，四处漂流，继续着他精神上的挣扎。

The Wordsworth Classics covers a huge list of beloved works of literature in English and tr anslations. This growing series is rigorously updated, with scholarly introductions and notes added to new titles.This semi-autobiographical novel explores the emotional conflicts through the protagonist, Pa ul Morel, and the suffocating relationships with a demanding mother and two very different lovers. It is a Freudian exploration of love and possessiveness.Sons and Lovers was the first modern portrayal of a phenomenon that later, thanks to Freu d, became easily recognizable as the Oedipus complex. Never was a son more indentured to his mother's love and full of hatred for his father than Paul Morel, D.H. Lawrence's young protagoni st. Never, that is, except perhaps Lawrence himself. In his 1913 novel he grappled with the disc ordant loves that haunted him all his life--for his spiritual childhood sweetheart, here called Miria m, and for his mother, whom he transformed into Mrs. Morel. It is, by Lawrence's own account, a book aimed at depicting this woman's grasp: "as her sons grow up she selects them as lovers --first the eldest, then the second. These sons are urged into life by their reciprocal love of their mother--urged on and on. But when they come to manhood, they can't love, because their moth er is the strongest power in their lives."Of course, Mrs. Morel takes neither of her two elder sons (the first of whom dies early, wh ich further intensifies her grip on Paul) as a literal lover, but nonetheless her psychological snare is immense. She loathes Paul's Miriam from the start, understanding that the girl's deep love of her son will oust her: "She's not like an ordinary woman, who can leave me my share in him. She wants to absorb him." Meanwhile, Paul plays his part with equal fervor, incapable of committ ing himself in either direction: "Why did his mother sit at home and suffer?... And why did he ha te Miriam, and feel so cruel towards her, at the thought of his mother. If Miriam caused his mot her suffering, then he hated her--and he easily hated her." Soon thereafter he even confesses to his mother: "I really don't love her. I talk to her, but I want to come home to you."The result of all this is that Paul throws Miriam over for a married suffragette, Clara Dawes, who fulfills the sexual component of his ascent to manhood but leaves him, as ever, without a complete relationship to challenge his love for his mother. As Paul voyages from the working-clas s mining world to the spheres of commerce and art (he has fair success as a painter), he accep ts that his own achievements must be equally his mother's. "There was so much to come out ofhim. Life for her was rich with promise. She was to see herself fulfilled... All his work was hers. "The cycles of Paul's relationships with these three women are terrifying at times, and Lawr ence does nothing to dim their intensity. Nor does he shirk in his vivid, sensuous descriptions of the landscape that offers up its blossoms and beasts and "shimmeriness" to Paul's sensitive spir it. Sons and Lovers lays fully bare the souls of men and earth. Few books tell such whole, com plicated truths about the permutations of love as resolutely without resolution. It's nothing short of searing to be brushed by humanity in this manner.--Melanie ReFrom Kirkus ReviewsWhen Sons and Lovers was first seen by its reading public in 1913, its publishers had in f act, out of caution and timidity, shortened Lawrence's originally submitted version by about ten p ercent--cuts that are restored in this new "uncensored and uncut" edition. Complexity of character ization, intensity of characters' confrontations, and sexual frankness are now, say the publishers, as the author intended them. Example: "He could smell her faint perfume" returns to its original, "He could smell her faint natural perfume, and it drove him wild with hunger."The Merriam-Webster Encyclopedia of LiteratureSemiautobiographical novel by D.H. Lawrence, published in 1913. His first mature novel, it i s a psychological study of the familial and love relationships of a working-class English family. T he novel revolves around Paul Morel, a sensitive young artist whose love for his mother, Gertrud e, overshadows his romances with two women: Miriam Leivers, his repressed, religious girlfriend, and Clara Dawes, an experienced, independent married woman. Unable to watch his mother die slowly of cancer, Paul kills her with morphine. Despite losing her and rejecting both Miriam and Clara, Paul harbors hope for the future.From AudioFileLawrence's first major novel is unstintingly, passionately autobiographical. Set in a Nottingha mshire mining town, it concerns the high-minded wife of a brutal miner who puts all hopes into h er artistic son, Paul. Copley brings the workingclass milieu to life. His north country accent enhan ces the author's regional "sound," which may not be apparent on the page to American readers, but which is a prominent feature of the book's aesthetic. By shaving off a bit too much of the co lor, the abridgment reinforces the novel's starkness. Therefore, one should hear this recording bef ore, not instead of, reading the full work. Y.R.一个时代和一个家庭的悲剧也来说说劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》吧。

A Book Report on Sons and Lovers 儿子与情人——劳伦斯Sons and Lovers is a novel written by David Herbert Lawrence and it was first published in 1913 in London by Wyman & Sons. D. H. Lawrence was born at Eastwood, Notts, on September 11, 1885, the fourth child of a miner who had been employed at Brinsley Colliery since he was 7 years old. In 1911, his first novel The White Peacock was published. Sons and Lovers is divided into two parts and is composed of 15 chapters altogether. The story, set in England, can be interpreted as an autobiographical novel of Lawrence. The hero of the book, Paul Morel, is the second son of a miner's family. His mother, Mrs. Morel, is a daughter of a mid-class family. Because of the differences in family background and education, a shadow is soon cast upon the married life of Mrs. Morel. And this shadow is darkened by Mr. Morel's laziness and alcoholism. By misfortune or bad luck, Mr. Morel has an accident and becomes a cripple, which changes him into a man of bad temper. As a result, the couple shares less and less the things in common and is driven farther and farther apart from each other. Little by little, Mrs. Morel transports her attention and love to her children, especially her two sons, William and Paul. She encourages them to leave the small mining region for a big city to find opportunities for a better life. After the death of her first son, William, because of hard work and pneumonia, Mrs. Morel's divided attention and love is poured completely upon Paul. The mother's abnormal love robs Paul of his normal love for his girl friend. Sons and Lovers has always been claimed since its publication to be another version of Oedipus complex. But D. H. Lawrence is in no sense an imitator. Sons and Lovers is truly an autobiographical novel. It describes an ordinary life of a coal miner's family. The abnormal love from the mother deprives Paul of his independent personality and mental health. It is perhaps because of this true picture of life that the novel has won Lawrence everlasting reputation.劳伦斯的经典之作女主角:莫瑞尔男主角:保罗没有人会否认母爱的伟大，但母爱是单方面的。