I. 名词nouns一．名词的特有后缀1．-er: worker, writer, reader, manager2．-or: actor, editor, professor, tractor3．-ment: agreement, movement, argument, government, management4．-ness: goodness, willingness, happiness, coldness, nervousness5．-ion: decision, competition, foundation, construction, application6．-ity: reality, purity, complexity, ability, capability7．-ance (-ence): performance, assistance, attendance, existence, independence 8．-ure: failure, departure, exposure, seizure9．-al: arrival, approval, denial, refusal二．名词的种类：普通名词，专有名词(零冠词，首字母大写)专有名词：Mr. Hopkins, Mr. and Mrs. Johnson, Ms Brown, Miss Green, Dr. Yang三．名词化（形容词、过去分词等用作名词）1. the rich, the poor, the sick, the blind… (一类人)2. wounded, unknown, accused, beloved…（通常指一类人）3. thinking, feeling, suffering, building, printing, writing…（抽象概念，没有复数）4. in one’s sixties…5. touch-me-not 含羞草，well-being 幸福，福利，haves富人，have-nots穷人四．可数名词的复数one half day ( ), one and a half day ( ), one or two day ( ), dog ( ), foot ( ), fish ( ), sheep ( ), boat ( ), field ( ), class ( ), church ( ), page ( ), thief ( ), shelf ( ), factory ( ), university ( ), toy( ), ray ( ), hero ( ), echo ( ), bamboo ( ), piano ( ), bath ( ), path ( ), month ( ), youth ( ), mouse ( ), chick ( ) 五．不可数名词的数量a glass of water, a cup of tea, a sheet of paper, a cake of soap, a loaf of bread, a piece of chalk, a bottle of milk, a grain of sand, a cloud of dust, a gust of wind, a piece of advice, a fit of anger, a burst of applause六．名词的所有格(属格)1．of 的用法用于无生命的东西the subject of the sentence, the students of this middle school用于名词化的词the life of the poor, the pain of the wounded修饰语较多时the very long and beautiful tail of the old black cat2. ’s 和of 所有格通常可以互用the daughter of a poor peasant = a poor peasant’s daughter比较an old worker’s story, the story of an old worker3．双重属格表示部分a book of my brother’s 我哥哥的一本书表示感情色彩this lovely child of your sister’s 你姐姐的这个可爱的孩子双重属格和of属格的不同He is a friend of your husband’s (强调不止一个朋友)He is a friend of your husband. (强调友好的关系)比较a picture of my mother’s, a picture of my mother七．名词的性（阴性、阳性）actor –actress, god –goddess, host –hostess, waiter –waitress, prince –princess, hero – heroine, landlord – landlady, male – female, policeman – policewomanII. 冠词article一．定义冠词是用在名词前面，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，是泛指还是特指的词。
