Radial View Observing Fuzzy Cellular Automata with a New Visualization Method

国际自动化与计算杂志.英文版.1.Improved Exponential Stability Criteria for Uncertain Neutral System with Nonlinear Parameter PerturbationsFang Qiu，Ban-Tong Cui2.Robust Active Suspension Design Subject to Vehicle Inertial Parameter VariationsHai-Ping Du，Nong Zhang3.Delay-dependent Non-fragile H∞ Filtering for Uncertain Fuzzy Systems Based on Switching Fuzzy Model and Piecewise Lyapunov FunctionZhi-Le Xia，Jun-Min Li，Jiang-Rong Li4.Observer-based Adaptive Iterative Learning Control for Nonlinear Systems with Time-varying DelaysWei-Sheng Chen，Rui-Hong Li，Jing Li5.H∞ Output Feedback Control for Stochastic Systems with Mode-dependent Time-varying Delays and Markovian Jump ParametersXu-Dong Zhao，Qing-Shuang Zeng6.Delay and Its Time-derivative Dependent Robust Stability of Uncertain Neutral Systems with Saturating ActuatorsFatima El Haoussi，El Houssaine Tissir7.Parallel Fuzzy P+Fuzzy I+Fuzzy D Controller:Design and Performance EvaluationVineet Kumar，A.P.Mittal8.Observers for Descriptor Systems with Slope-restricted NonlinearitiesLin-Na Zhou，Chun-Yu Yang，Qing-Ling Zhang9.Parameterized Solution to a Class of Sylvester MatrixEquationsYu-Peng Qiao，Hong-Sheng Qi，Dai-Zhan Cheng10.Indirect Adaptive Fuzzy and Impulsive Control of Nonlinear SystemsHai-Bo Jiang11.Robust Fuzzy Tracking Control for Nonlinear Networked Control Systems with Integral Quadratic ConstraintsZhi-Sheng Chen，Yong He，Min Wu12.A Power-and Coverage-aware Clustering Scheme for Wireless Sensor NetworksLiang Xue，Xin-Ping Guan，Zhi-Xin Liu，Qing-Chao Zheng13.Guaranteed Cost Active Fault-tolerant Control of Networked Control System with Packet Dropout and Transmission DelayXiao-Yuan Luo，Mei-Jie Shang，Cai-Lian Chen，Xin-Ping Guanparison of Two Novel MRAS Based Strategies for Identifying Parameters in Permanent Magnet Synchronous MotorsKan Liu，Qiao Zhang，Zi-Qiang Zhu，Jing Zhang，An-Wen Shen，Paul Stewart15.Modeling and Analysis of Scheduling for Distributed Real-time Embedded SystemsHai-Tao Zhang，Gui-Fang Wu16.Passive Steganalysis Based on Higher Order Image Statistics of Curvelet TransformS.Geetha，Siva S.Sivatha Sindhu，N.Kamaraj17.Movement Invariants-based Algorithm for Medical Image Tilt CorrectionMei-Sen Pan，Jing-Tian Tang，Xiao-Li Yang18.Target Tracking and Obstacle Avoidance for Multi-agent SystemsJing Yan，Xin-Ping Guan，Fu-Xiao Tan19.Automatic Generation of Optimally Rigid Formations Using Decentralized MethodsRui Ren，Yu-Yan Zhang，Xiao-Yuan Luo，Shao-Bao Li20.Semi-blind Adaptive Beamforming for High-throughput Quadrature Amplitude Modulation SystemsSheng Chen，Wang Yao，Lajos Hanzo21.Throughput Analysis of IEEE 802.11 Multirate WLANs with Collision Aware Rate Adaptation AlgorithmDhanasekaran Senthilkumar，A. Krishnan22.Innovative Product Design Based on Customer Requirement Weight Calculation ModelChen-Guang Guo，Yong-Xian Liu，Shou-Ming Hou，Wei Wang23.A Service Composition Approach Based on Sequence Mining for Migrating E-learning Legacy System to SOAZhuo Zhang，Dong-Dai Zhou，Hong-Ji Yang，Shao-Chun Zhong24.Modeling of Agile Intelligent Manufacturing-oriented Production Scheduling SystemZhong-Qi Sheng，Chang-Ping Tang，Ci-Xing Lv25.Estimation of Reliability and Cost Relationship for Architecture-based SoftwareHui Guan，Wei-Ru Chen，Ning Huang，Hong-Ji Yang1.A Computer-aided Design System for Framed-mould in Autoclave ProcessingTian-Guo Jin，Feng-Yang Bi2.Wear State Recognition of Drills Based on K-means Cluster and Radial Basis Function Neural NetworkXu Yang3.The Knee Joint Design and Control of Above-knee Intelligent Bionic Leg Based on Magneto-rheological DamperHua-Long Xie，Ze-Zhong Liang，Fei Li，Li-Xin Guo4.Modeling of Pneumatic Muscle with Shape Memory Alloy and Braided SleeveBin-Rui Wang，Ying-Lian Jin，Dong Wei5.Extended Object Model for Product Configuration DesignZhi-Wei Xu，Ze-Zhong Liang，Zhong-Qi Sheng6.Analysis of Sheet Metal Extrusion Process Using Finite Element MethodXin-Cun Zhuang，Hua Xiang，Zhen Zhao7.Implementation of Enterprises' Interoperation Based on OntologyXiao-Feng Di，Yu-Shun Fan8.Path Planning Approach in Unknown EnvironmentTing-Kai Wang，Quan Dang，Pei-Yuan Pan9.Sliding Mode Variable Structure Control for Visual Servoing SystemFei Li，Hua-Long Xie10.Correlation of Direct Piezoelectric Effect on EAPap under Ambient FactorsLi-Jie Zhao，Chang-Ping Tang，Peng Gong11.XML-based Data Processing in Network Supported Collaborative DesignQi Wang，Zhong-Wei Ren，Zhong-Feng Guo12.Production Management Modelling Based on MASLi He，Zheng-Hao Wang，Ke-Long Zhang13.Experimental Tests of Autonomous Ground Vehicles with PreviewCunjia Liu，Wen-Hua Chen，John Andrews14.Modelling and Remote Control of an ExcavatorYang Liu，Mohammad Shahidul Hasan，Hong-Nian Yu15.TOPSIS with Belief Structure for Group Belief Multiple Criteria Decision MakingJiang Jiang，Ying-Wu Chen，Da-Wei Tang，Yu-Wang Chen16.Video Analysis Based on Volumetric Event DetectionJing Wang，Zhi-Jie Xu17.Improving Decision Tree Performance by Exception HandlingAppavu Alias Balamurugan Subramanian，S.Pramala，B.Rajalakshmi，Ramasamy Rajaram18.Robustness Analysis of Discrete-time Indirect Model Reference Adaptive Control with Normalized Adaptive LawsQing-Zheng Gao，Xue-Jun Xie19.A Novel Lifecycle Model for Web-based Application Development in Small and Medium EnterprisesWei Huang，Ru Li，Carsten Maple，Hong-Ji Yang，David Foskett，Vince Cleaver20.Design of a Two-dimensional Recursive Filter Using the Bees AlgorithmD. T. Pham，Ebubekir Ko(c)21.Designing Genetic Regulatory Networks Using Fuzzy Petri Nets ApproachRaed I. Hamed，Syed I. Ahson，Rafat Parveen1.State of the Art and Emerging Trends in Operations and Maintenance of Offshore Oil and Gas Production Facilities: Some Experiences and ObservationsJayantha P.Liyanage2.Statistical Safety Analysis of Maintenance Management Process of Excavator UnitsLjubisa Papic，Milorad Pantelic，Joseph Aronov，Ajit Kumar Verma3.Improving Energy and Power Efficiency Using NComputing and Approaches for Predicting Reliability of Complex Computing SystemsHoang Pham，Hoang Pham Jr.4.Running Temperature and Mechanical Stability of Grease as Maintenance Parameters of Railway BearingsJan Lundberg，Aditya Parida，Peter S(o)derholm5.Subsea Maintenance Service Delivery: Mapping Factors Influencing Scheduled Service DurationEfosa Emmanuel Uyiomendo，Tore Markeset6.A Systemic Approach to Integrated E-maintenance of Large Engineering PlantsAjit Kumar Verma，A.Srividya，P.G.Ramesh7.Authentication and Access Control in RFID Based Logistics-customs Clearance Service PlatformHui-Fang Deng，Wen Deng，Han Li，Hong-Ji Yang8.Evolutionary Trajectory Planning for an Industrial RobotR.Saravanan，S.Ramabalan，C.Balamurugan，A.Subash9.Improved Exponential Stability Criteria for Recurrent Neural Networks with Time-varying Discrete and Distributed DelaysYuan-Yuan Wu，Tao Li，Yu-Qiang Wu10.An Improved Approach to Delay-dependent Robust Stabilization for Uncertain Singular Time-delay SystemsXin Sun，Qing-Ling Zhang，Chun-Yu Yang，Zhan Su，Yong-Yun Shao11.Robust Stability of Nonlinear Plants with a Non-symmetric Prandtl-Ishlinskii Hysteresis ModelChang-An Jiang，Ming-Cong Deng，Akira Inoue12.Stability Analysis of Discrete-time Systems with Additive Time-varying DelaysXian-Ming Tang，Jin-Shou Yu13.Delay-dependent Stability Analysis for Markovian Jump Systems with Interval Time-varying-delaysXu-Dong Zhao，Qing-Shuang Zeng14.H∞ Synchronization of Chaotic Systems via Delayed Feedback ControlLi Sheng，Hui-Zhong Yang15.Adaptive Fuzzy Observer Backstepping Control for a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems with Unknown Time-delayShao-Cheng Tong，Ning Sheng16.Simulation-based Optimal Design of α-β-γ-δ FilterChun-Mu Wu，Paul P.Lin，Zhen-Yu Han，Shu-Rong Li17.Independent Cycle Time Assignment for Min-max SystemsWen-De Chen，Yue-Gang Tao，Hong-Nian Yu1.An Assessment Tool for Land Reuse with Artificial Intelligence MethodDieter D. Genske，Dongbin Huang，Ariane Ruff2.Interpolation of Images Using Discrete Wavelet Transform to Simulate Image Resizing as in Human VisionRohini S. Asamwar，Kishor M. Bhurchandi，Abhay S. Gandhi3.Watermarking of Digital Images in Frequency DomainSami E. I. Baba，Lala Z. Krikor，Thawar Arif，Zyad Shaaban4.An Effective Image Retrieval Mechanism Using Family-based Spatial Consistency Filtration with Object RegionJing Sun，Ying-Jie Xing5.Robust Object Tracking under Appearance Change ConditionsQi-Cong Wang，Yuan-Hao Gong，Chen-Hui Yang，Cui-Hua Li6.A Visual Attention Model for Robot Object TrackingJin-Kui Chu，Rong-Hua Li，Qing-Ying Li，Hong-Qing Wang7.SVM-based Identification and Un-calibrated Visual Servoing for Micro-manipulationXin-Han Huang，Xiang-Jin Zeng，Min Wang8.Action Control of Soccer Robots Based on Simulated Human IntelligenceTie-Jun Li，Gui-Qiang Chen，Gui-Fang Shao9.Emotional Gait Generation for a Humanoid RobotLun Xie，Zhi-Liang Wang，Wei Wang，Guo-Chen Yu10.Cultural Algorithm for Minimization of Binary Decision Diagram and Its Application in Crosstalk Fault DetectionZhong-Liang Pan，Ling Chen，Guang-Zhao Zhang11.A Novel Fuzzy Direct Torque Control System for Three-level Inverter-fed Induction MachineShu-Xi Liu，Ming-Yu Wang，Yu-Guang Chen，Shan Li12.Statistic Learning-based Defect Detection for Twill FabricsLi-Wei Han，De Xu13.Nonsaturation Throughput Enhancement of IEEE 802.11b Distributed Coordination Function for Heterogeneous Traffic under Noisy EnvironmentDhanasekaran Senthilkumar，A. Krishnan14.Structure and Dynamics of Artificial Regulatory Networks Evolved by Segmental Duplication and Divergence ModelXiang-Hong Lin，Tian-Wen Zhang15.Random Fuzzy Chance-constrained Programming Based on Adaptive Chaos Quantum Honey Bee Algorithm and Robustness AnalysisHan Xue，Xun Li，Hong-Xu Ma16.A Bit-level Text Compression Scheme Based on the ACW AlgorithmHussein A1-Bahadili，Shakir M. Hussain17.A Note on an Economic Lot-sizing Problem with Perishable Inventory and Economies of Scale Costs:Approximation Solutions and Worst Case AnalysisQing-Guo Bai，Yu-Zhong Zhang，Guang-Long Dong1.Virtual Reality: A State-of-the-Art SurveyNing-Ning Zhou，Yu-Long Deng2.Real-time Virtual Environment Signal Extraction and DenoisingUsing Programmable Graphics HardwareYang Su，Zhi-Jie Xu，Xiang-Qian Jiang3.Effective Virtual Reality Based Building Navigation Using Dynamic Loading and Path OptimizationQing-Jin Peng，Xiu-Mei Kang，Ting-Ting Zhao4.The Skin Deformation of a 3D Virtual HumanXiao-Jing Zhou，Zheng-Xu Zhao5.Technology for Simulating Crowd Evacuation BehaviorsWen-Hu Qin，Guo-Hui Su，Xiao-Na Li6.Research on Modelling Digital Paper-cut PreservationXiao-Fen Wang，Ying-Rui Liu，Wen-Sheng Zhang7.On Problems of Multicomponent System Maintenance ModellingTomasz Nowakowski，Sylwia Werbinka8.Soft Sensing Modelling Based on Optimal Selection of Secondary Variables and Its ApplicationQi Li，Cheng Shao9.Adaptive Fuzzy Dynamic Surface Control for Uncertain Nonlinear SystemsXiao-Yuan Luo，Zhi-Hao Zhu，Xin-Ping Guan10.Output Feedback for Stochastic Nonlinear Systems with Unmeasurable Inverse DynamicsXin Yu，Na Duan11.Kalman Filtering with Partial Markovian Packet LossesBao-Feng Wang，Ge Guo12.A Modified Projection Method for Linear FeasibilityProblemsYi-Ju Wang，Hong-Yu Zhang13.A Neuro-genetic Based Short-term Forecasting Framework for Network Intrusion Prediction SystemSiva S. Sivatha Sindhu，S. Geetha，M. Marikannan，A. Kannan14.New Delay-dependent Global Asymptotic Stability Condition for Hopfield Neural Networks with Time-varying DelaysGuang-Deng Zong，Jia Liu hHTTp://15.Crosscumulants Based Approaches for the Structure Identification of Volterra ModelsHouda Mathlouthi，Kamel Abederrahim，Faouzi Msahli，Gerard Favier1.Coalition Formation in Weighted Simple-majority Games under Proportional Payoff Allocation RulesZhi-Gang Cao，Xiao-Guang Yang2.Stability Analysis for Recurrent Neural Networks with Time-varying DelayYuan-Yuan Wu，Yu-Qiang Wu3.A New Type of Solution Method for the Generalized Linear Complementarity Problem over a Polyhedral ConeHong-Chun Sun，Yan-Liang Dong4.An Improved Control Algorithm for High-order Nonlinear Systems with Unmodelled DynamicsNa Duan，Fu-Nian Hu，Xin Yu5.Controller Design of High Order Nonholonomic System with Nonlinear DriftsXiu-Yun Zheng，Yu-Qiang Wu6.Directional Filter for SAR Images Based on NonsubsampledContourlet Transform and Immune Clonal SelectionXiao-Hui Yang，Li-Cheng Jiao，Deng-Feng Li7.Text Extraction and Enhancement of Binary Images Using Cellular AutomataG. Sahoo，Tapas Kumar，B.L. Rains，C.M. Bhatia8.GH2 Control for Uncertain Discrete-time-delay Fuzzy Systems Based on a Switching Fuzzy Model and Piecewise Lyapunov FunctionZhi-Le Xia，Jun-Min Li9.A New Energy Optimal Control Scheme for a Separately Excited DC Motor Based Incremental Motion DriveMilan A.Sheta，Vivek Agarwal，Paluri S.V.Nataraj10.Nonlinear Backstepping Ship Course ControllerAnna Witkowska，Roman Smierzchalski11.A New Method of Embedded Fourth Order with Four Stages to Study Raster CNN SimulationR. Ponalagusamy，S. Senthilkumar12.A Minimum-energy Path-preserving Topology Control Algorithm for Wireless Sensor NetworksJin-Zhao Lin，Xian Zhou，Yun Li13.Synchronization and Exponential Estimates of Complex Networks with Mixed Time-varying Coupling DelaysYang Dai，YunZe Cai，Xiao-Ming Xu14.Step-coordination Algorithm of Traffic Control Based on Multi-agent SystemHai-Tao Zhang，Fang Yu，Wen Li15.A Research of the Employment Problem on Common Job-seekersand GraduatesBai-Da Qu。

10.16638/ki.1671-7988.2021.08.008基于状态流的自动驾驶超车控制李秋晨，孙鹏飞*（北京新能源汽车技术创新中心有限公司，北京100176）摘要：在自动驾驶中，交通规则是安全和避免事故发生的保证。

现在高级驾驶员发生的交通事故数量有逐渐上升的趋势。

然而，交通规则中的逻辑往往由法律文本抽象地表达。

文章用状态流实现了上述逻辑。

首先采用二值分类法对驾驶员的数据进行处理，判断超车条件。

然后建立地图数据库，连接Matlab获取交通规则许可。

其中双目摄像头用于获取车辆与障碍物的距离。

结果表明，上述逻辑适用于超车场景，并可推广到其他交通规则。

关键词：自动驾驶；交通规则；超车；二值分类中图分类号：U471 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1671-7988(2021)08-21-04Overtaking Control by Stateflow in Autonomous DrivingLi Qiuchen, Sun Pengfei*（Beijing New Energy Vehicle Technology Innovation Center Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176）Abstract:In the autonomous driving, traffic rules are the guarantee of safety and avoiding accidents. Nowadays the number of accidents of senior drivers tend to climb gradually. However, the traffic rules from legal text are written in natural language and are often abstract. In this paper, the logics are implemented in Stateflow. Use binary classification to deal with the data of human drivers, judging the condition to overtake. Then set up the map database and connect Matlab to get the traffic rule permit. Binocular camera is used to get the distance from the obstacle. The result shows that the logic is suit for overtaking and extends to other traffic rules.Keywords: Autonomous driving; Traffic rule; Overtaking; Binary classificationCLC NO.: U471 Document Code: A Article ID: 1671-7988(2021)08-21-041 简介迄今为止，自主驾驶对现代交通系统具有重要意义。

木业术语中英文对照木业术语中英文对照木材识别wood identification 又称“木材鉴别”。

横切面cross section transverse section 又称“横截面”。

弦切面tangential section 径切面radial section 树皮bark 韧皮部phloem bast 韧皮纤维phloem fiber bast fiber 形成层cambium 木质部xylem 髓心pith 髓斑pith fleck 节子knot 树胶道gum duct gum canal 树脂道resin duct resin canal 树脂囊pitch pocket 树脂条纹pitch streak 创伤树脂道traumatic resin duct traumatic resin canal 生长轮growth ring 年轮annual ring 散孔材diffuse porous wood 半散孔材semi-diffuse porous wood 环孔材ring-porous wood 半环孔材semi-ring-porous wood 木材的各向异性anisotropy of wood 管孔pore 管胞tracheid 木射线wood ray xylem ray 射线管胞ray tracheid 导管分子vessel member vessel element 导管vessel 薄壁组织parenchyma 薄壁组织细胞parenchyma cell 虫眼pinhole wormhole 分泌细胞epithelial cell 细结构fine texture 粗结构coarse texture 松散纹理loosened grain 斜纹理cross grain 交错纹理interlocked grain 螺旋纹理spiral grain 木材花纹wood figure 细胞腔cell lumen cell cavity 细胞壁cell wall 胞间层middle lamella 纹孔pit 单纹孔对simple pit pair 具缘纹孔对bordered pit pair 半具缘纹孔对half bordered pit pair 纹孔环pit annulus 纹孔口pit aperture orifice 纹孔缘pit border 纹孔道pit canal 纹孔腔pit cavity 纹孔室pit chamber 纹孔闭塞pit aspiration 纹孔塞torus pit torus 自由水free water 吸着水bound water 又称“结合水”。

[1-50]《电力系统研究》Electric Power Systems Research(Switzerland)刊载发电、输配电以及电力应用方面的原始论文。

高价刊。

《IEEE电力系统汇刊》IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS(USA)刊载电力系统包括发电和输配电系统的技术条件、规划、分析、可靠性、运行以及经济性方面的论文。

平均3个月的审稿周期《IEEE智能电网汇刊》IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid《英国电气工程师学会志：发电、输电与配电》IEE PROCEEDINGS-GENERATION TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION (England)《国际电力与能源系统杂志》International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems(England)主要发表电力与能源系统的理论和应用问题的论文、评论和会议报告，涉及发电和电网规划、电网理论、大小型系统动力、系统控制中心、联机控制等。

EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER(2013年更名为International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems)投稿回复比较慢，审稿周期不详。

《电力部件与系统》ELECTRIC POWER COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS(USA)刊载电力系统的理论与应用研究论文。

内容包括电机的固态控制，新型电机，电磁场与能量转换器，动力系统规划与保护，可靠性与安全等。

《电机与动力系统》ELECTRIC MACHINES AND POWER SYSTEMS(USA)《英国电气工程师学会志：电力应用》IEE PROCEEDINGS-ELECTRIC POWER APPLICATIONS(England)《IEEE电力系统计算机应用杂志》IEEE COMPUTER APPLICATIONS INPOWER(USA)刊载计算机在电力系统设计、运行和控制中应用方面的研究论述。

n.晶体管n.二极管n 半导体resistor n 电阻器capacitor n 电容器alter nati ng adj 交互的amplifier n 扩音器，放大器in tegrated circuit 集成电路lin ear time inv aria nt systems 线性时不变系统voltage n 电压，伏特数tolera nee n 公差；宽容；容忍conden ser n 电容器；冷凝器dielectric n 绝缘体；电解质electromag netic adj 电磁的deflection n偏斜；偏转；偏差lin ear device 线性器件in tegrated circuits 集成电路an alog n 模拟digital adj 数字的，数位的horiz on tal adj, 水平的，地平线的vertical adj 垂直的，顶点的amplitude n 振幅，广阔，丰富atte nu ati on 衰减；变薄；稀薄化multimeter 万用表freque ney 频率，周率the cathode-ray tube dual-trace oscilloscope 阴极射线管双踪示波器sig nal gen erati ng device 信号发生器peak-to-peak output voltage 输岀电压峰峰值sine wave 正弦波trian gle wave 三角波square wave 方波amplifier 放大器，扩音器oscillator 振荡器feedback 反馈，回应phase 相，阶段，状态filter 滤波器，过滤器rectifier 整流器；纠正者1ban d-stop filter 带阻滤波器ban d-pass filter 带通滤波器decimal adj 十进制的，小数的hexadecimal adj/n 十六进制的bin ary adj 二进制的；二元的1 octal adj 八进制的domai n n 域；领域code n代码，密码，编码v编码the Fourier tra nsform 傅里叶变换Fast Fourier Transform快速傅里叶变换microc on troller n 微处理器；微控制器beam n （光线的）束，柱，梁polarize v （使）偏振，（使）极化fuzzy adj模糊的|Artificial In tellige nee Shell 人工智能外壳程序Expert Systems 专家系统Artificial In tellige nee 人工智能Perceptive Systems 感知系统neural network 神经网络fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑in tellige nt age nt 智能代理electromag netic adj 电磁的coaxial adj同轴的，共轴的microwave n 微波charge v充电，使充电two-dime nsio nal 二维的；缺乏深度的three-dime nsio nal 三维的；立体的；真实的object-orie nted programm ing 面向对象的程序设计spectral adj 光谱的attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀释distortion n失真，扭曲，变形wavelength n 波长refractive adj 折射的ATM 异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer ModeADSL 非对称用户数字线Asymmetric digital subscriberlineVDSL 甚高速数字用户线very high data rate digitalsubscriber lineHDSL 高速数据用户线high rate digital subscriber lineFDMA 频分多址(Frequency Division Multiple Access)TDMA 时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access) CDMA 同步码分多址方式(Code Division Multiple Access)WCDMA宽带码分多址移动通信系统(WidebandCodeDivisio n Multiple Access)TD-SCDMA(Time Divisio n Sy nchro nous Code Divisio nMultiple Access)时分同步码分多址SDLC(sy nchro nous data link con trol) 同步数据链路控制HDLC(high-level data link con trol) 高级数据链路控制IP/TCP(i nter net protocol /tra nsfer Co ntrol Protocol)网络传输控制协议ITU (I nternatio nal Telecomm un icati on Union) 国际电彳言联盟ISO 国际标准化组织(In ter natio nal Sta ndardizatio nOrganization );OSI开放式系统互联参考模型(Open SystemIn terc onn ect )GSM 全球移动通信系统( Global System for Mobile Communi cati ons )GPRS 通用分组无线业务(Gen eral Packet Radio Service)FDD(freque ncy divisi on duplex) 频分双工TDD(time divisi on duplex) 时分双工VPI 虚路径标识符(Virtual Path Identifier )；ISDN ( Integrated Services Digital Network )综合业务数字网IDN 综合数字网(integrated digital network )HDTV (high defi ni tion televisi on) 高清晰度电视DCT(Discrete Cos ine Tra nsform) 离散余弦变换VCI(virtual circuit address) 虚通路标识MAN 城域网Metropolitan area networks LAN 局域网localarea network WAN 广域网wide area network 同步时分复统计时分复用STDM Statistical Time Divisio nMultiplexi ng 单工传输simplex transmission 半双工传输half-duplex tran smissi on 全双工传输full-duplex tra nsmissi on 交换矩阵Switching Matrix 电路交换circuit switchi ng 分组交换packet switching扌报文交换message switching 奇偶校验paritychecking 循环冗余校验CRC Cyclic Redu nda ncyCheck 虚过滤Virtual filter 数字滤波digital filtering伪随机比特Quasi Ra ndom Bit 带宽分配Bandwidth allocatio n信源information source 信宿destination 数字化digitalize 数字传输技术Digital tra nsmissio n techno logy 灰度图像Grey scale images 灰度级Greyscale level 幅度谱Magnitude spectrum 相位谱Phase spectrum 频谱frequency spectrum 智能设备Smart Device 软切换Soft handover 硬切换HardHa ndover 相干检测Cohere nt detecti on 边缘检测Edge detection 冲突检测collision detection 业务集合service integration 业务分离/综合serviceseparation/ integration 网络集合networkintegration 环形网Ring networks 令牌环网TokenRing network 网络终端Network Terminal 用户终端user terminal 用户电路line circuit 电路利用率channel utilization (通道利用率)相关性cohere nee 相干解调cohere nt demodulation 数字图像压缩digital image compressi on 图像编码image encoding 有损/无损压缩lossy/losslesscompression 解压decompression 呼叫控制CallControl 误差控制error eontrol 存储程序控制storedprogram eon trol 存储转发方式store-a nd-forwardmanner 语音视频传输voice\video transmission 视频点播video-on-demand(VOD) 会议电视VideoCon fere nee 有线电视cable television 量化quantization 吞吐量throughput 话务量traffic 多径分集Multipath diversity 多媒体通信MDM MultimediaCommu nicatio n 多址干扰Multiple AccessInterferenee 人机交互man machi ne in terface 交互式会话Conv ersati onal in teracti on 路由算法Routing Algorithm 目标识另U Object recognition 话音变换Voice transform 中继线trunkline 传输时延transmission delay 远程监控remote monitoring 光链路optical link 拓扑结构Topology 均方根rootmean square whatsoever=whatever 0switchboard (电话)交换台bipolar (电子)双极的tran sistor diode semic on ductoranode n 阳极，正极cathoden 阴极|breakdow n n 故障；崩溃terminal n 终点站；终端，接线端emitter n 发射器collect v 收集，集聚，集中oscilloscope 示波镜；示波器gain 增益，放大倍数forward biased 正向偏置reverse biased 反向偏置P-N junction PN 结MOS( metal-oxide semiconductor ) 金属氧化物半导体enhan ceme nt and exhausted 增强型和耗尽型chip n 芯片，碎片modular adj 模块化的；模数的sensor n 传感器plug vt 堵，塞，插上n塞子，插头，插销coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的fiber n 光纤relay eon tact 继电接触器sin gle in structi on programmer 单指令编程器dedicated manu factures programm ing unit 专供制造厂用的编程单元in sulator n绝缘体，绝缘物noneon ductive adj非导体的，绝缘的antenna n天线；触角modeli ng n 建模，造型simulati on n仿真；模拟prototype n 原型array n排队，编队vector n 向量，矢量wavelet n微波，小浪sine 正弦cosine 余弦inv erse adj 倒转的，反转的n反面；相反v倒转high-performa nee 高精确性，高性能the in sulati on resista nee 绝缘电阻assembly lan guage in structi ons n 汇编语言指令premise （复）房屋，前提cursor （计算机尺的）游标，指导的elapse （时间）经过，消失vaporize （使）蒸发subsystem （系统的）分部，子系统，辅助系统metallic （像）金属的，含金属的，（声音）刺耳的dispatch （迅速）派遣，急件consen sus （意见）一致，同意deadli ne （最后）期限，截止时间tomographic X线体层摄像的alas 唉，哎呀cluster把…集成一束，一组，一簇，一串，一群en cyclopedia 百科全书millio nfold 百万倍的semic on ductor 半导体radius半径范围，半径，径向射线half-duplex tra nsmissi on 半双工传输accompa nime nt 伴随物，附属物reservati on 保留，预定quotatio n 报价单，行情报告，引语memora ndum 备忘录red undancy 备用be viewed as 被看作…be regards as 被认为是as such 本身；照此；以这种资格textual本文的，正文的verge 边界variati on 变化，变量conv ersi on 变化，转化ide ntity 标识；标志criterio n 标准，准则in parallel o n 并联到，合并到juxtapose 并置，并歹卩dial ing pulse 拨号脉冲wave-guide 波导wavele ngth divisi on multiplexed 波分复用baud rate 波特率playback 播放（录音带，唱片）no greater tha n 不大于update不断改进，使…适合新的要求，更新asymmetric 不对称的irrespective 不考虑的，不顾的in evitably 不可避免的in evitable 不可避免的，不可逃避的，必定的segme nt 部分abrasion 擦伤，磨损deploy采用，利用，推广应用take the form of 采用…的形式parameter 参数，参量layer 层dope 掺杂FET（field effect tra nsistors）场效应管audio recordi ng 卩昌片ultra-high-freque ncy（UHF）超高频in excess of 超过in excess of 超过hypertext 超文本in gredie nt 成分，因素in gredie nt 成分，组成部分，要素metropolita n-area n etwork（WAN）城域网metropolitan area network（WAN）城域网，城市网络con gestio n 充满，拥挤，阻塞collisio n 冲突extractive 抽岀；释放岀extract抽取，取岀，分离lease 出租，租约，租界期限，租界物pass on 传递，切换tran smissi on 传输facsimile 传真inno vative二inno vatory 仓新的，富有革新精神的track 磁道impetus 促进，激励cluster 簇stored-program con trol(SPC) 存储程序控制a large nu mber of 大量的peal 大声响，发岀supersede 代替suppla nt 代替，取代out-of-ba nd sig nali ng 带外信号simplex tran smissi on 单工传输con ductor 导体等级制度，层次底层结构，基础结构地理的，地区的地理上GIS(grou nd in strume ntation system) 地面测量系统gro und stati on 地面站earth orbit 地球轨道Lan d-sat 地球资源卫星rug 地毯，毯子ignite 点火，点燃，使兴奋electromag netic 电磁的in ductive 电感arc 电弧teleph ony 电话（学），通话dielectric 电介质，绝缘材料；电解质的，绝缘的capacitor 电容telecomm uni catio n 电信，无线电通讯sce nario 电影剧本，方案modem pool 调制解调器（存储）池superimpos ing 叠加，重叠pin 钉住，扣住，抓住customize 定做，定制mono lithic 独立的，完全统一的alumi nize 镀铝strategic 对全局有重要意义的，战略的substa ntial 多的，大的，实际上的multi-path fadi ng 多径衰落multi-path 多路，多途径；多路的，多途径的multi-access 多路存取，多路进入multiplex 多路复用multiplex 多路复用的degradation 恶化，降级dioxide 二氧化碳LED（light-emitti ng-diode）发光二极管evolution 发展，展开，渐进feedback 反馈，回授dime nsion 范围，方向，维，元sce nario 方案sce nario 方案，电影剧本amplifer 放大器nonin vasive 非侵略的，非侵害的tariff 费率，关税率；对…征税distributed fun ctio nal pla ne（DFP）分布功能平面DQDB（distributed queue dual bus）分布式队列双总线hierarchy 分层，层次partiti on 分成segme ntati on 分割in terface 分界面，接口asu nder 分开地，分离地detached 分离的，分开的，孤立的dispe nse 分配allocate 分配，配给；配给物cen tigrade 分为百度的，百分度的，摄氏温度的fractal 分形molecule 分子，微小，些微cellular蜂窝状的cellular蜂窝状的，格形的，多孔的auxiliary storage(also called sec on dary storage) 辅助存储器decay 腐烂，衰减，衰退n egative 负电vicinity附近，邻近vicinity附近地区，近处sophisticated 复杂的，高级的，现代化的high-freque ncy(HF) 高频high defi ni tion televisi on 高清晰度电视铬给…作注解根据，按照公布，企业决算公开公用网功能，功能度汞共鸣器共振古怪的，反复无常的管理，经营cursor光标（显示器），游标，指针opticalcomputer 光计算机photoco nductor 光敏电阻optical disks 光盘optically光学地，光地wide-area n etworks 广域网specification规范，说明书silicon 硅the in ter nati onal telecomm un icatio n union(ITU)际电信联盟excess过剩obsolete 过时的，废弃的maritime 海事的syn thetic 合成的，人造的，综合的syn thetic 合成的，综合性的rati onal 合乎理性的rati on alizati on 合理化streamli ne 合理化，理顺in frared 红夕卜线的，红外线skepticism 怀疑论ring n etwork 环形网hybrid混合物coun terpart 伙伴，副本，对应物electromecha nical 机电的，电动机械的Robot机器人Robotics 机器人技术，机器人学accumulati on 积累in frastructure 基础，基础结构substrate 基质，底质upheaval 激变，剧变compact disc 激光磁盘（CD）concen trator 集中器，集线器cen trex system 集中式用户交换功能系统conv erge on 集中于，聚集在…上lumped eleme nt 集总元件CAI(computer-aided in structio n) 计算机辅助教学computer-i ntegrated manu facturi ng(CIM) 计算机集成制造computer mediated comm un icatio n( CMC) 介通信record 记录register expedite weight 力口权acceleratecategorize in additi on hypothetical rigidly兼容性，相容性监视监视mono chromatic 单色的，单色光的，黑白的ballistic 弹道的，射击的，冲击的hierarchy infrastructuregeographicgeographicallyextraterrestrial 地球外的，地球大气圈外的chromiumanno tate interms ofdisclosurepublic n etworkfun cti on alitymercury res onator resonancewhimsicaladmi nistration计算机中记录器，寄存器加快，促进加速，加快，促进加以类别，分类加之，又，另外假设的坚硬的，僵硬的compatibilitysurveilla neesurveilla neeretrieval 检索，(可)补救 verificati on 检验 simplicity 简单，简明film胶片，薄膜 take over 接管，接任 rugged ness 结实threshold 界限，临界值 with the aid of 借助于，用，通过 wire line 金属线路，有线线路 cohere nt 紧凑的，表达清楚的，粘附的，相干的 compact 紧密的 approximati on 近似 un dertake 进行，从事 tran sistor 晶体管 elaborate 精心制作的，细心完成的，周密安排的 vigilant 警戒的，警惕的 alcohol 酒精，酒 local area n etworks(LANs) 局域网 local-area n etworks(LANs) 局域网 drama 剧本，戏剧，戏剧的演岀 focus on聚集在，集中于，注视in sulator 绝缘 root mean square 均方根 un iform 均匀的 ope n-system-i nterc onn ectio n(OSI) 开放系统互连 expire 开始无效，满期，终止 immu nity 抗扰，免除，免疫性 take …into account 考虑，重视… programmable in dustrial automati on 可编程工业自动化demo un table tun ablereliable 可靠 be likely tovideotex video n egligible可拆卸的可调的 可能，大约，像要 可视图文电视 可以忽略的deviate 偏离，与…不同 spectrum 频谱 come into play 其作用 en trepre neurial 企业的 heuristic methods启发式方法 play a •••role(part) 起…作用stem from 起源于；由…发生organic 器官的，有机的，组织的 hypothesis前提 fron t-e nd 前置，前级 pote ntial 潜势的，潜力的 inten sity 强度coin cide nee 巧合，吻合，一致scalpel 轻便小刀，解剖刀 inven tory 清单，报表spherical 球的，球形的 disti nguish 区别，辨别 succumb屈服，屈从，死global fun ctio nal pla ne(GFP) 全局功能平面 full-duplex tra nsmissi on 全双工传输hologram 全息照相，全息图 deficie ncy缺乏therm onu clear 热 核的 artifact 人工制品 AI(artificial in tellige nee)人工智能fusion 熔解，熔化 diskettes(also called floppy disk)软盘sector 扇区 en tropy 熵upli nk 上行链路 arsenic 砷simulta neous 同时发生的，同时做的 simulta neous 同时发生的，一齐的 coaxial 同轴的 copper 铜 statistical 统计的，统计学的 domin ate 统治，支配 in vest in 投资perspective 透视，角度，远景 graphics 图示，图解 pictorial图像的coat ing 涂层，层 deduce 推理reas oning strategies 推理策略 inference engine 推理机topology 拓扑结构 heterod yne 夕卜差法的peripheral 夕卜界的，外部的，周围的 gateway 网关 hazardous 危险的 microwave 微波(的)microprocessor 微处理机，微处理器 microelectro nic微电子nua nee 微小的差别(色彩等) en compass围绕，包围，造成，设法做到mai nte nance 维护；保持；维修satellite comm uni cati on 卫星通彳言 satellite network 卫星网络 tran sceiver无线电收发信机radio-relay tra nsmissi on 无线电中继传输without any doubt 无疑passive satellite无源卫星n eural n etwork神经网络very-high-freque ncy(VHF) 甚高频 sparse 稀少的， dow nli nk aerial 空气的，空中的，无形的，虚幻的；天线broadba nd 宽(频)带pervasive扩大的，渗透的 tensile 拉力的，张力的roma nticism 浪漫精神，浪漫主义discrete 离散，不连续 ion 离子 force 力量；力 stereoph onic 立体声的 contin uum 连续统一体，连续统，闭联集 smart 灵巧的；精明的；洒脱的 toke n 令牌on the other hand另一方面 hexago nal 六边形的，六角形的 hexag on 六角形，六边形 mon opoly 垄断，专禾U video-clip 录像剪辑 alumi num 铝pebble 卵石，水晶透镜 forum 论坛，讨论会logical relati on ships 逻辑关系 code book 码本pulse code modulatio n(PCM) 脉冲编码调制 roam 漫步，漫游bps(bits per sec on d) 每秒钟传输的比特 ZIP codes美国邮区划分的五位编码susceptible(to) 敏感的，易受…的 analog 模拟，模拟量patter n recog niti on 模式识另 U bibliographic 目录的，文献的 n eodymium 钕the europea n telecomm uni cati on sta ndardizati on in stitute(ETSI) 欧洲电信标准局coordi nate配合的，协调的；使配合，调整ratify 批准，认可 bias 偏差；偏置 upgrade distortio n iden tification 升级失真，畸变 识别，鉴定，验明precursor visualizati on pragmatic 实际的 impleme ntation 实施，实现，执行，敷设en tity 实体，存在 vector qua ntificati on 矢量量化mislead 使…误解，给…错误印象，引错vex使烦恼，使恼火defy 使落空 facilitate 使容易，促进 reti na 视网膜 compatible 适合的，兼容的tra nsceiver 收发两用机 authorize 授权，委托，允许 data security数据安全性data in depe ndence 数据独立 data man ageme nt 数据管理 database数据库database man ageme nt system(DBMS) 理信息系统database tran sacti on 数据库事务 data in tegrity 数据完整性，数据一致性 atte nu ati on衰减fadi ng 衰落，衰减，消失 dual 双的，二重的 tra nsie nt瞬时的determi ni stic 宿命的，确定的 algorithm 算法 dissipatio n 损耗carbon 碳 diabetes 糖尿病cumbersome 讨厌的，麻烦的，笨重的 razor 剃刀，剃 go by the name of通称，普通叫做commucati on sessi on 通信会话 traffic 通信业务(量) syn chr onous tra nsmissi on 同步传输con curre nt同时发生的，共存的数据库管feasibility lin earity con strain considerablegeo-stati onaryby con trast coorelati on mutual 相互的 稀疏的 下行链路 先驱，前任 显像现实性，可行性 线性度限制，约束，制约 相当的，重要的 相对地面静止 相反，而，对比起来 相关性相互的，共同的 相互连接，互连one after the other 相继，依次小型计算机 协议，草案 协议，规约，规程心理(精神)听觉的；传音的 通信信道选择行程编码mutually in terc onn ectmini computer protocolprotocol psycho-acoustic cha nn elizati on 信道化， run len gth en coding groom 修饰，准备虚拟许多， virtual ISDN multitude ISDN大批，大量whirl 旋转 prefere nee avalanche pursue 寻求， interrogation dumb 哑的， subcategory喜欢 选择， 雪崩从事 询问不说话的，无声的亚类，子种类，子范畴orbital 眼眶；轨道oxygen 氧气，氧元素service switchi ng and con trol poin ts(SSCPs) 控制点service con trol poi nts(SCPs) 业务控制点service con trol fun ctio n(SCF) 业务控制功能in con cert 一致，一齐 han dover移交，越区切换 at a rate of以 .... 的速率in the form of 以…的形式业务交换base on…以…为基础yttrium钇（稀有金属，符号Y）asyn chr onous tra nsmissi on 异步传输asyn chr onous 异步的exceptio nal 异常的，特殊的voice-grade 音频级indium 铟give rise to 引起，使产生cryptic隐义的，秘密的hard disk 硬盘hard automati on 硬自动化by means of 用，依靠equip with 用…装备subscriber 用户telex 用户电报PBX（private branch excha nge）用户小交换机或专用交换机be called upon to 用来…，（被）要求…superiority 优势predom inance 优势，显著active satellite 有源卫星in comparis on with 与…比较comparable to 与…可比prelim in ary 预备的，初步的prem on iti on 预感，预兆nu cleus 原子核vale nee 原子价circumfere nee 圆周，周围teleprocessi ng 远程信息处理，遥控处理perspective 远景，前途con strain 约束，强迫mobile运动的，流动的，机动的，装在车上的convey运输，传递，转换impurity 杂质impurity 杂质，混杂物，不洁，不纯rege nerative 再生的improve over 在 ....... 基础上改善play importa nt role in 在…中起重要作用in close proximity 在附近，在很近un derly ing 在下的，基础的in this respect 在这方面en tail遭遇，导致prese ntation 赠与，图像，呈现，演示n arrowba nd 窄（频）带deploy展开，使用，推广应用megabit 兆比特germa nium 锗positive 正电quadrature 正交orthog onal 正交的quadrature amplitude modulatio n（QAM）正交幅度调制on the right track 正在轨道上sustain支撑，撑住，维持，持续outgrowh 支派；长岀；副产品domin ate 支配，统治kno wledge represe ntati on 矢口识表示kno wledge engin eeri ng 矢口识工程kno wledge base 矢口识库in diameter 直径helicopter 直升飞机acro nym 只取首字母的缩写词as long as 只要，如果tutorial指导教师的，指导的coin 制造(新字符)，杜撰fabricatio n 制造，装配；捏造事实proton 质子in tellige nce 智能，智力，信息in tellige nt n etwork 智能网in termediate 中间的nu cleus(pl. nu clei) 中心，核心n eutr ons 中子termi nal 终端，终端设备overlay重叠，覆盖，涂覆highlight 重要的部分，焦点charge主管，看管；承载domi nant 主要的，控制的，最有力的cyli nder 柱面expert system 专家系统private network 专用网络tra nsiti on 转变，转换，跃迁relay 转播relay 转播，中继repeater 转发器，中继器pursue追赶，追踪，追求，继续desktop publish 桌面岀版ultraviolet 紫外线的，紫外的；紫外线辐射field 字段vendor自动售货机，厂商n aturally 自然的；天生具备的syn thesize 综合，合成in tegrate 综合，使完全ISDN（i ntergrated services digital n etwork）综合业务数字网as a whole 总体上bus network 总线形网crossbar 纵横，交叉impeda nce 阻抗ini tial 最初的，开始的optimum 最佳条件appear as 作为…岀现A An alog 模拟A/D An alog to Digital 模-数转换AAC Adva need Audio Codi ng 高级音频编码ABB Automatic Black Bala nce 自动黑平衡ABC American Broadcast ing Compa ny 美国广播公司Automatic Bass Compe nsati on 自动低音补偿Automatic Bright ness Con trol 自动亮度控制ABL Automatic Black Level 自动黑电平ABLC Automatic Bright ness Limiter Circuit 自动亮度限制电路ABU Asia n Broadcast ing Un io n 亚洲广播联盟（亚广联ABS American Bureau of Sta ndard 美国标准局AC Access Con ditio ns 接入条件Audio Cen ter 音频中心ACA Adjace nt Cha nnel Atte nuati on 邻频道衰减ACC Automatic Ce nteri ng Co ntrol 自动中心控制Automatic Chroma Control 自动色度（增益ACK Automatic Chroma Killer 自动消色器ACP Additive Colour Process 加色法ACS Access Co ntrol SystemAdva need Comm uni cati on Service 高级通信业务Area Comm uni cati on System区域通信系统ADC An alog to Digital Con verter 模-数转换器Automatic Degaussirng Circuit 自动消磁电路ADL Acoustic Delay Li ne 声延迟线ADS Audio Distribution System 音频分配系统AE Audio Erasi ng 音频（声音AEF Automatic Editi ng Fun ction 自动编辑功能AES Audio Engin eeri ng Society 音频工程协会AF AudioFreque ncy 音频AFA Audio Freque ncy Amplifier 音频放大器AFC Automatic Freque ncy Coder 音频编码器Automatic Freque ncy Co ntrol 自动频率控制AFT Automatic Fi ne Tuning 自动微调Automatic Freque ncy Track 自动频率跟踪Automatic Freque ncy Trim 自动额率微调AGC Automatic Ga in Con trol 自动增益控制AI ArtificialIn tellige nce 人工智能ALM Audio-Level Meter 音频电平表AM Amplitude Modulation 调幅AMS Automatic Music Se nsor置ANC Automatic Noise Ca nceller 自动噪声消除器ANT ANTe nna 天线AO An alog Output 模拟输岀APS Automatic Program Search 自动节目搜索APPS Automatic Program Pause System 自动节目暂停系统APSS Automatic Program Search System 自动节目搜索系统AR Audio Respo nse 音频响应ARC Automatic Remote Con trol 自动遥控ASCII American Standard Code for InformationIn tercha nge 美国信息交换标准AST Automatic Sca nning Tracki ng 自动扫描跟踪ATC Automatic Timi ng Co ntrol 自动定时控制Automatic Tone Correcti on 自动音频校正ATM Asy nchro nous Tra nsfer Mode 异步传输模式ATF Automatic Track Fi ndi ng 自动寻迹ATS Automatic Test System 自动测试系统ATSC Adva need Televisio n Systems Committee（美国高级电视制式委员会）***C Automatic Volume Con trol 自动音量控制***R Automatic Voltage Regulator 自动稳压器AWB Automatic White Bala nee 自动白平衡AZCAutomatic Zoomi ng Con trol 自动变焦控制AZSAutomatic Zero Setti ng 自动调零BA Bra nch Amplifier 分支放大器Buffer Amplifier 缓冲放大器BAC Bin ary-A nalog Co nversion 二进制模拟转换BB Black Burst 黑场信号BBC British Broadcast ing Corporation 英国广播公司BBI Beiji ng Broadcasti ng In stitute 北京广播学院BC Bin ary Code 二进制码Bala need Curre nt 平衡电流Broadcast Con trol 广播控制BCT Ban dwidth Compressi on Tech nique 带宽压缩技术BDB Bi-directio nal Data Bus 双向数据总线BER Basic En codi ng Rules 基本编码规则Bit Error Rate 比特误码率BF Burst Flag 色同步旗脉冲BFA Bare Fiber Adapter 裸光纤适配器Brilloui n Fiber Amplifier 布里渊光纤放大器BGM Backgrou nd Music 背景音乐BIOS Basic In put / Output System 基本输入输出系统B-ISDN Broadba nd-ISDN 宽带综合业务数据网BIU Basic In formation Un it 基本信息单元Bus In terface Unit 总线接口单元BM Bi-phase Modulation 双相调制BML Busi ness Man ageme nt Layer 商务管理层BN Backbo ne Network 主干网BNT Broadba nd Network Termi natio n 宽带网络终端设备BO Bus Out 总线输岀BPG Basic Pulse Gen erator 基准脉冲发生器BPS Ba nd Pitch Shift 分频段变调节器BSI British Sta ndard In stitute 英国标准学会BSS Broadcast Satellite Service 广播卫星业务BT Block Term in al 分线盒、分组终端British Telecom 英国电信BTA Broadba nd Termi nal Adapter 宽带终端适配器Broadcasti ng Tech no logy Associati on （日本BTL Bala need Tran sformer-Less 桥式推挽放大电路BTS Broadcast Tech nical Sta ndard 广播技术标接入控制系统自动音乐传感装BTU Basic Tra nsmission Un it 基本传输单元BVU Broadcasting Video Unit 广播视频型（一种3/4英寸带录像机记录格式BW Ban dWidth 带宽BWTV Black and White Televisio n 黑白电视CA Co nditio nal Access 条件接收CAC Con ditio nal Access Con trol 条件接收控制CAL Co nti nuity Accept Limit 连续性接受极限CAS Con ditio nal Access System 条件接收系统Co nditio nalAccess Sub-system 条件接收子系统CATV Cable Televisi on 有线电视，电缆电视Commu nity An te nna Televisio n 共用天线电视C*** Con sta nt An gular Velocity 恒角速度CBC Can adia n Broadcasti ng Corporati on 力口拿大广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasti ng System （美国哥伦比亚广播公司CC Concen tric Cable 同轴电缆CCG Chi nese Character Gen erator 中文字幕发生器CCIR In ter nati onal Radio Con sultativeCommittee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT In ter nati onal Telegraph and Teleph oneCon sultativeCommittee 国际电话电报咨询委员会CCR Cen tral Co ntrol Room 中心控制室CCTV Chi na Ce ntral Televisio n 中国中央电视台Close-Circuit Televisio n 闭路电视CCS Cen ter Cen tral System 中心控制系统CCU Camera Con trol Un it 摄像机控制器CCW Cou nter Clock-Wise 反时针方向CD Compact Disc 激光唱片CDA Curre nt Dumpi ng Amplifier 电流放大器CD-E Compact Disc Erasable 可抹式激光唱片CDFM Compact Disc File Man ager 光盘文件管理（程序CDPG Compact-Disc Plus Graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only Memory 只读式紧凑光盘CETV Chi na Educatio nal Televisio n 中国教育电视台CF Color Frami ng 彩色成帧CGA Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形（显示卡CI Common In terface 通用接口CGA Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形（显示卡CI Common In terface 通用接口CIE Chin ese In stitute of ElectronicsCII China Information Infrastructure础设施CIF Comm on In termediate FormatCIS Chin ese In dustrial Sta ndardCLV Con sta nt Lin ear Velocity 恒定线速度CM Colour Mon itor 彩色监视器CMTS Cable Modem Termi nation System 线缆调制解调器终端系统CNR Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 载噪比CON Co nsole 操纵台Con troller 控制器CPB Corporation of Public Broadcasti ng （美国公共广播公司CPU Central Processi ng Un it 中央处理单元CRC Cyclic Redu nda ncy Check 循环冗余校验CRCC CRI Cyclic Redu ndan cy Check Code 循环冗余校验码CROM Chi na Radio In ter natio nal 中国国际广播电台CRT Con trol Read Only Memory 控制只读存储器CS Cathode-Ray Tube 阴极射线管CSC Commu nication Satellite 通信卫星CSS Color Sub-carrier 彩色副载波Cen ter Storage Server 中央存储服务器Con te nt Scrambl ing System 内容加扰系统CSU Cha nnel Service Un it 信道业务单元CT Color Temperature 色温CTC Cassette Tape Co ntroller 盒式磁带控制器Cha nnel Traffic Con trol 通道通信量控制Cou nter Timer Circuit 计数器定时器电路Cou nter Timer Con trol 计数器定时器控制CTE Cable Term in ation Equipme nt 线缆终端设备Customer Term inal Equipme nt 用户终端设备CTV Color Televisi on 彩色电视CVD Chi na Video Disc 中国数字视盘CW Carrie Wave 载波DAB Digital Audio Broadcast ing 数字音频广播DASH Digital Audio Statio nary Head 数字音频静止磁头DAT Digital Audio Tape 数字音频磁带DBMS Data Base Man ageme nt System 数据库管理系统DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite 直播卫星DCC Digital Compact Cassette 数字小型盒带Dyn amic Co ntrast Co ntrol 动态对比度控制DCT Digital Compo nent Tech nology 数字分量技术Discrete Cosi ne Tra nsform 离散余弦变换DCTV Digital Color Televisio n 数字彩色电视DD DirectDrive 直接驱动DDC Direct Digital C on trol 直接数字控制DDE Dy namic Data Excha nge 动态数据交换DDM Data Display Mon itor 数据显示监视器DES Data Eleme ntary Stream 数据基本码流Data En cryption Sta ndard 美国数据加密标准DF Dispersio n Flatte ned 色散平坦光纤DG Differe ntial Gai n 微分增益DI Digital In terface 数字接口DITEC Digital Televisio n Camera 数字电视摄像机DL Delay Line 延时线DLD Dyn amic Lin ear Drive 动态线性驱动DM Delta Modulation 增量调制Digital Modulation 数字调制DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasti ng 数字多媒体广播DMC Dyn amic Motio n Co ntrol 动态控制DME Digital Multiple Effect 数字多功能特技DMS Digital Masteri ng System 数字主系统DN Data Network 数据网络DNG Digital News Gatheri ng 数字新闻采集DNR Digital Noise Reducer 数字式降噪器DOB Data Output Bus 数据输岀总线DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service In terfaceSpecificatio ns 有线数据传输业务接口规范DOC Drop Out Compe nsati on 失落补偿DOS Disc Operat ing System 磁盘操作系统DP Differe ntial Phase 微分相位Data Pulse 数据脉冲DPCM Differe ntial Pulse Code Modulation 差值脉冲编码调制DPL Dolby Pro Logic 杜比定向逻辑DSB Digital Satellite Broadcasti ng 数字卫星广播DSC Digital Studio Con trol 数字演播室控制DSD Dolby Surrou nd Digital 杜比数字环绕声DSE Digital Special Effect 数字特技DSK Dow n-Stream Key 下游键DSP Digital Sig nal Process ing 数字信号处理Digital Sou nd Processor 数字声音处理器DSS Digital Satellite System 数字卫星系统DT Digital Tech ni que 数字技术Digital Televisio n 数字电视Data Term in al 数据终端Data Tran smissi on 数据传输DTB Digital Terrestrial Broadcast ing 数字地面广播DTBC Digital Time-Base Corrector 数字时基校正器DTC Digital Televisio n Camera 数字电视摄像机DTS Digital Theater System 数字影院系统Digital Tuning System 数字调谐系统Digital Televisio n Sta ndard 数字电视标准DVB Digital Video Broadcast ing 数字视频广播DVC Digital Video Compressio n 数字视频压缩DVE Digital Video Effect 数字视频特技DVS Desktop Video Studio 桌上视频演播DVTR Digital Video Tape Recorder 数字磁带录像机EA Exte nsion Ampl ifier 延长放大器EB Electro n Beam 电子束EBS Emerge ncy Broadcast ing System 紧急广播系统EBU European Broadcast ing Un io n 欧洲广播联盟EC Error Correctio n 误差校正ECN Emerge ncy Comm un icati ons Network 应急通信网络ECS European Comm un icatio n Satellite 欧洲通信卫星EDC Error Detection Code 错误检测码EDE Electro nic Data Excha nge 电子数据交换EDF Erbium-Doped Fiber 掺饵光纤EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器EDL Edit Decisi on List 编辑点清单EDTV Exte nded Defi niti on Televisi on 扩展清晰度电视EE Error Excepted 允许误差EFM Eight to Fourteen Modulation 8-14 调制EFP Electro nic Field Production 电子现场节目制作EH Ether net Hosts 以太网主机EIN Equivale nt m put Noise 等效输入噪声EIS Electro nic In formation System 电子信息系统EISA Exte nded In dustrial Sta ndard Architecture扩展工业标准总线EL Electro-Lum in esce nt 场致发光EM Error Mo nitori ng 误码监测EN End Node 末端节点ENG Electro nic News Gatheri ng 电子新闻采集EOT End of Tape 带尾EP Edit Poi nt 编辑点Error Protocol 错误协议EPG Electro nic Program Guides 电子节目指南EPS Emerge ncy Power Supply 应急电源ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效辐射功率ES Eleme ntary Stream 基本码流End System 终端系统ESA European Space Age ncy 欧洲空间局ETV Educati on Televisio n 教育电视FA Enhan ced Televisio n 增强电视FABM FAS Facial An imatio n 面部动画FC Fiber Amp li fier Booster Module 光纤放大器增强模块Fiber Access System 光纤接入系统Freque ncy Chan ger 变频器FCC Fiber Cha nnel 光纤通道FD Film Composer 电影编辑系统Federal Comm un icatio ns Commissio n 美国联邦通信委员会FDCT Freque ncy Divider 分频器FDDI FDM Fiber Duct 光纤管道FDP Forward Discrete Cos ine Tran sform 离散余弦正变换FE Fiber Distributed Data In terface 分布式光纤数据接口Freque ncy-Divisi on Multiplexi ng 频分复用中国电子学会中国信息基通用中间格式中国工业标准。

机器学习与人工智能领域中常用的英语词汇1.General Concepts (基础概念)•Artificial Intelligence (AI) - 人工智能1)Artificial Intelligence (AI) - 人工智能2)Machine Learning (ML) - 机器学习3)Deep Learning (DL) - 深度学习4)Neural Network - 神经网络5)Natural Language Processing (NLP) - 自然语言处理6)Computer Vision - 计算机视觉7)Robotics - 机器人技术8)Speech Recognition - 语音识别9)Expert Systems - 专家系统10)Knowledge Representation - 知识表示11)Pattern Recognition - 模式识别12)Cognitive Computing - 认知计算13)Autonomous Systems - 自主系统14)Human-Machine Interaction - 人机交互15)Intelligent Agents - 智能代理16)Machine Translation - 机器翻译17)Swarm Intelligence - 群体智能18)Genetic Algorithms - 遗传算法19)Fuzzy Logic - 模糊逻辑20)Reinforcement Learning - 强化学习•Machine Learning (ML) - 机器学习1)Machine Learning (ML) - 机器学习2)Artificial Neural Network - 人工神经网络3)Deep Learning - 深度学习4)Supervised Learning - 有监督学习5)Unsupervised Learning - 无监督学习6)Reinforcement Learning - 强化学习7)Semi-Supervised Learning - 半监督学习8)Training Data - 训练数据9)Test Data - 测试数据10)Validation Data - 验证数据11)Feature - 特征12)Label - 标签13)Model - 模型14)Algorithm - 算法15)Regression - 回归16)Classification - 分类17)Clustering - 聚类18)Dimensionality Reduction - 降维19)Overfitting - 过拟合20)Underfitting - 欠拟合•Deep Learning (DL) - 深度学习1)Deep Learning - 深度学习2)Neural Network - 神经网络3)Artificial Neural Network (ANN) - 人工神经网络4)Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) - 卷积神经网络5)Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) - 循环神经网络6)Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) - 长短期记忆网络7)Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) - 门控循环单元8)Autoencoder - 自编码器9)Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) - 生成对抗网络10)Transfer Learning - 迁移学习11)Pre-trained Model - 预训练模型12)Fine-tuning - 微调13)Feature Extraction - 特征提取14)Activation Function - 激活函数15)Loss Function - 损失函数16)Gradient Descent - 梯度下降17)Backpropagation - 反向传播18)Epoch - 训练周期19)Batch Size - 批量大小20)Dropout - 丢弃法•Neural Network - 神经网络1)Neural Network - 神经网络2)Artificial Neural Network (ANN) - 人工神经网络3)Deep Neural Network (DNN) - 深度神经网络4)Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) - 卷积神经网络5)Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) - 循环神经网络6)Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) - 长短期记忆网络7)Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) - 门控循环单元8)Feedforward Neural Network - 前馈神经网络9)Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) - 多层感知器10)Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) - 径向基函数网络11)Hopfield Network - 霍普菲尔德网络12)Boltzmann Machine - 玻尔兹曼机13)Autoencoder - 自编码器14)Spiking Neural Network (SNN) - 脉冲神经网络15)Self-organizing Map (SOM) - 自组织映射16)Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) - 受限玻尔兹曼机17)Hebbian Learning - 海比安学习18)Competitive Learning - 竞争学习19)Neuroevolutionary - 神经进化20)Neuron - 神经元•Algorithm - 算法1)Algorithm - 算法2)Supervised Learning Algorithm - 有监督学习算法3)Unsupervised Learning Algorithm - 无监督学习算法4)Reinforcement Learning Algorithm - 强化学习算法5)Classification Algorithm - 分类算法6)Regression Algorithm - 回归算法7)Clustering Algorithm - 聚类算法8)Dimensionality Reduction Algorithm - 降维算法9)Decision Tree Algorithm - 决策树算法10)Random Forest Algorithm - 随机森林算法11)Support Vector Machine (SVM) Algorithm - 支持向量机算法12)K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Algorithm - K近邻算法13)Naive Bayes Algorithm - 朴素贝叶斯算法14)Gradient Descent Algorithm - 梯度下降算法15)Genetic Algorithm - 遗传算法16)Neural Network Algorithm - 神经网络算法17)Deep Learning Algorithm - 深度学习算法18)Ensemble Learning Algorithm - 集成学习算法19)Reinforcement Learning Algorithm - 强化学习算法20)Metaheuristic Algorithm - 元启发式算法•Model - 模型1)Model - 模型2)Machine Learning Model - 机器学习模型3)Artificial Intelligence Model - 人工智能模型4)Predictive Model - 预测模型5)Classification Model - 分类模型6)Regression Model - 回归模型7)Generative Model - 生成模型8)Discriminative Model - 判别模型9)Probabilistic Model - 概率模型10)Statistical Model - 统计模型11)Neural Network Model - 神经网络模型12)Deep Learning Model - 深度学习模型13)Ensemble Model - 集成模型14)Reinforcement Learning Model - 强化学习模型15)Support Vector Machine (SVM) Model - 支持向量机模型16)Decision Tree Model - 决策树模型17)Random Forest Model - 随机森林模型18)Naive Bayes Model - 朴素贝叶斯模型19)Autoencoder Model - 自编码器模型20)Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Model - 卷积神经网络模型•Dataset - 数据集1)Dataset - 数据集2)Training Dataset - 训练数据集3)Test Dataset - 测试数据集4)Validation Dataset - 验证数据集5)Balanced Dataset - 平衡数据集6)Imbalanced Dataset - 不平衡数据集7)Synthetic Dataset - 合成数据集8)Benchmark Dataset - 基准数据集9)Open Dataset - 开放数据集10)Labeled Dataset - 标记数据集11)Unlabeled Dataset - 未标记数据集12)Semi-Supervised Dataset - 半监督数据集13)Multiclass Dataset - 多分类数据集14)Feature Set - 特征集15)Data Augmentation - 数据增强16)Data Preprocessing - 数据预处理17)Missing Data - 缺失数据18)Outlier Detection - 异常值检测19)Data Imputation - 数据插补20)Metadata - 元数据•Training - 训练1)Training - 训练2)Training Data - 训练数据3)Training Phase - 训练阶段4)Training Set - 训练集5)Training Examples - 训练样本6)Training Instance - 训练实例7)Training Algorithm - 训练算法8)Training Model - 训练模型9)Training Process - 训练过程10)Training Loss - 训练损失11)Training Epoch - 训练周期12)Training Batch - 训练批次13)Online Training - 在线训练14)Offline Training - 离线训练15)Continuous Training - 连续训练16)Transfer Learning - 迁移学习17)Fine-Tuning - 微调18)Curriculum Learning - 课程学习19)Self-Supervised Learning - 自监督学习20)Active Learning - 主动学习•Testing - 测试1)Testing - 测试2)Test Data - 测试数据3)Test Set - 测试集4)Test Examples - 测试样本5)Test Instance - 测试实例6)Test Phase - 测试阶段7)Test Accuracy - 测试准确率8)Test Loss - 测试损失9)Test Error - 测试错误10)Test Metrics - 测试指标11)Test Suite - 测试套件12)Test Case - 测试用例13)Test Coverage - 测试覆盖率14)Cross-Validation - 交叉验证15)Holdout Validation - 留出验证16)K-Fold Cross-Validation - K折交叉验证17)Stratified Cross-Validation - 分层交叉验证18)Test Driven Development (TDD) - 测试驱动开发19)A/B Testing - A/B 测试20)Model Evaluation - 模型评估•Validation - 验证1)Validation - 验证2)Validation Data - 验证数据3)Validation Set - 验证集4)Validation Examples - 验证样本5)Validation Instance - 验证实例6)Validation Phase - 验证阶段7)Validation Accuracy - 验证准确率8)Validation Loss - 验证损失9)Validation Error - 验证错误10)Validation Metrics - 验证指标11)Cross-Validation - 交叉验证12)Holdout Validation - 留出验证13)K-Fold Cross-Validation - K折交叉验证14)Stratified Cross-Validation - 分层交叉验证15)Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation - 留一法交叉验证16)Validation Curve - 验证曲线17)Hyperparameter Validation - 超参数验证18)Model Validation - 模型验证19)Early Stopping - 提前停止20)Validation Strategy - 验证策略•Supervised Learning - 有监督学习1)Supervised Learning - 有监督学习2)Label - 标签3)Feature - 特征4)Target - 目标5)Training Labels - 训练标签6)Training Features - 训练特征7)Training Targets - 训练目标8)Training Examples - 训练样本9)Training Instance - 训练实例10)Regression - 回归11)Classification - 分类12)Predictor - 预测器13)Regression Model - 回归模型14)Classifier - 分类器15)Decision Tree - 决策树16)Support Vector Machine (SVM) - 支持向量机17)Neural Network - 神经网络18)Feature Engineering - 特征工程19)Model Evaluation - 模型评估20)Overfitting - 过拟合21)Underfitting - 欠拟合22)Bias-Variance Tradeoff - 偏差-方差权衡•Unsupervised Learning - 无监督学习1)Unsupervised Learning - 无监督学习2)Clustering - 聚类3)Dimensionality Reduction - 降维4)Anomaly Detection - 异常检测5)Association Rule Learning - 关联规则学习6)Feature Extraction - 特征提取7)Feature Selection - 特征选择8)K-Means - K均值9)Hierarchical Clustering - 层次聚类10)Density-Based Clustering - 基于密度的聚类11)Principal Component Analysis (PCA) - 主成分分析12)Independent Component Analysis (ICA) - 独立成分分析13)T-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) - t分布随机邻居嵌入14)Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) - 高斯混合模型15)Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) - 自组织映射16)Autoencoder - 自动编码器17)Latent Variable - 潜变量18)Data Preprocessing - 数据预处理19)Outlier Detection - 异常值检测20)Clustering Algorithm - 聚类算法•Reinforcement Learning - 强化学习1)Reinforcement Learning - 强化学习2)Agent - 代理3)Environment - 环境4)State - 状态5)Action - 动作6)Reward - 奖励7)Policy - 策略8)Value Function - 值函数9)Q-Learning - Q学习10)Deep Q-Network (DQN) - 深度Q网络11)Policy Gradient - 策略梯度12)Actor-Critic - 演员-评论家13)Exploration - 探索14)Exploitation - 开发15)Temporal Difference (TD) - 时间差分16)Markov Decision Process (MDP) - 马尔可夫决策过程17)State-Action-Reward-State-Action (SARSA) - 状态-动作-奖励-状态-动作18)Policy Iteration - 策略迭代19)Value Iteration - 值迭代20)Monte Carlo Methods - 蒙特卡洛方法•Semi-Supervised Learning - 半监督学习1)Semi-Supervised Learning - 半监督学习2)Labeled Data - 有标签数据3)Unlabeled Data - 无标签数据4)Label Propagation - 标签传播5)Self-Training - 自训练6)Co-Training - 协同训练7)Transudative Learning - 传导学习8)Inductive Learning - 归纳学习9)Manifold Regularization - 流形正则化10)Graph-based Methods - 基于图的方法11)Cluster Assumption - 聚类假设12)Low-Density Separation - 低密度分离13)Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machines (S3VM) - 半监督支持向量机14)Expectation-Maximization (EM) - 期望最大化15)Co-EM - 协同期望最大化16)Entropy-Regularized EM - 熵正则化EM17)Mean Teacher - 平均教师18)Virtual Adversarial Training - 虚拟对抗训练19)Tri-training - 三重训练20)Mix Match - 混合匹配•Feature - 特征1)Feature - 特征2)Feature Engineering - 特征工程3)Feature Extraction - 特征提取4)Feature Selection - 特征选择5)Input Features - 输入特征6)Output Features - 输出特征7)Feature Vector - 特征向量8)Feature Space - 特征空间9)Feature Representation - 特征表示10)Feature Transformation - 特征转换11)Feature Importance - 特征重要性12)Feature Scaling - 特征缩放13)Feature Normalization - 特征归一化14)Feature Encoding - 特征编码15)Feature Fusion - 特征融合16)Feature Dimensionality Reduction - 特征维度减少17)Continuous Feature - 连续特征18)Categorical Feature - 分类特征19)Nominal Feature - 名义特征20)Ordinal Feature - 有序特征•Label - 标签1)Label - 标签2)Labeling - 标注3)Ground Truth - 地面真值4)Class Label - 类别标签5)Target Variable - 目标变量6)Labeling Scheme - 标注方案7)Multi-class Labeling - 多类别标注8)Binary Labeling - 二分类标注9)Label Noise - 标签噪声10)Labeling Error - 标注错误11)Label Propagation - 标签传播12)Unlabeled Data - 无标签数据13)Labeled Data - 有标签数据14)Semi-supervised Learning - 半监督学习15)Active Learning - 主动学习16)Weakly Supervised Learning - 弱监督学习17)Noisy Label Learning - 噪声标签学习18)Self-training - 自训练19)Crowdsourcing Labeling - 众包标注20)Label Smoothing - 标签平滑化•Prediction - 预测1)Prediction - 预测2)Forecasting - 预测3)Regression - 回归4)Classification - 分类5)Time Series Prediction - 时间序列预测6)Forecast Accuracy - 预测准确性7)Predictive Modeling - 预测建模8)Predictive Analytics - 预测分析9)Forecasting Method - 预测方法10)Predictive Performance - 预测性能11)Predictive Power - 预测能力12)Prediction Error - 预测误差13)Prediction Interval - 预测区间14)Prediction Model - 预测模型15)Predictive Uncertainty - 预测不确定性16)Forecast Horizon - 预测时间跨度17)Predictive Maintenance - 预测性维护18)Predictive Policing - 预测式警务19)Predictive Healthcare - 预测性医疗20)Predictive Maintenance - 预测性维护•Classification - 分类1)Classification - 分类2)Classifier - 分类器3)Class - 类别4)Classify - 对数据进行分类5)Class Label - 类别标签6)Binary Classification - 二元分类7)Multiclass Classification - 多类分类8)Class Probability - 类别概率9)Decision Boundary - 决策边界10)Decision Tree - 决策树11)Support Vector Machine (SVM) - 支持向量机12)K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) - K最近邻算法13)Naive Bayes - 朴素贝叶斯14)Logistic Regression - 逻辑回归15)Random Forest - 随机森林16)Neural Network - 神经网络17)SoftMax Function - SoftMax函数18)One-vs-All (One-vs-Rest) - 一对多(一对剩余)19)Ensemble Learning - 集成学习20)Confusion Matrix - 混淆矩阵•Regression - 回归1)Regression Analysis - 回归分析2)Linear Regression - 线性回归3)Multiple Regression - 多元回归4)Polynomial Regression - 多项式回归5)Logistic Regression - 逻辑回归6)Ridge Regression - 岭回归7)Lasso Regression - Lasso回归8)Elastic Net Regression - 弹性网络回归9)Regression Coefficients - 回归系数10)Residuals - 残差11)Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) - 普通最小二乘法12)Ridge Regression Coefficient - 岭回归系数13)Lasso Regression Coefficient - Lasso回归系数14)Elastic Net Regression Coefficient - 弹性网络回归系数15)Regression Line - 回归线16)Prediction Error - 预测误差17)Regression Model - 回归模型18)Nonlinear Regression - 非线性回归19)Generalized Linear Models (GLM) - 广义线性模型20)Coefficient of Determination (R-squared) - 决定系数21)F-test - F检验22)Homoscedasticity - 同方差性23)Heteroscedasticity - 异方差性24)Autocorrelation - 自相关25)Multicollinearity - 多重共线性26)Outliers - 异常值27)Cross-validation - 交叉验证28)Feature Selection - 特征选择29)Feature Engineering - 特征工程30)Regularization - 正则化2.Neural Networks and Deep Learning (神经网络与深度学习)•Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) - 卷积神经网络1)Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) - 卷积神经网络2)Convolution Layer - 卷积层3)Feature Map - 特征图4)Convolution Operation - 卷积操作5)Stride - 步幅6)Padding - 填充7)Pooling Layer - 池化层8)Max Pooling - 最大池化9)Average Pooling - 平均池化10)Fully Connected Layer - 全连接层11)Activation Function - 激活函数12)Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) - 线性修正单元13)Dropout - 随机失活14)Batch Normalization - 批量归一化15)Transfer Learning - 迁移学习16)Fine-Tuning - 微调17)Image Classification - 图像分类18)Object Detection - 物体检测19)Semantic Segmentation - 语义分割20)Instance Segmentation - 实例分割21)Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) - 生成对抗网络22)Image Generation - 图像生成23)Style Transfer - 风格迁移24)Convolutional Autoencoder - 卷积自编码器25)Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) - 循环神经网络•Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) - 循环神经网络1)Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) - 循环神经网络2)Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) - 长短期记忆网络3)Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) - 门控循环单元4)Sequence Modeling - 序列建模5)Time Series Prediction - 时间序列预测6)Natural Language Processing (NLP) - 自然语言处理7)Text Generation - 文本生成8)Sentiment Analysis - 情感分析9)Named Entity Recognition (NER) - 命名实体识别10)Part-of-Speech Tagging (POS Tagging) - 词性标注11)Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) - 序列到序列12)Attention Mechanism - 注意力机制13)Encoder-Decoder Architecture - 编码器-解码器架构14)Bidirectional RNN - 双向循环神经网络15)Teacher Forcing - 强制教师法16)Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) - 通过时间的反向传播17)Vanishing Gradient Problem - 梯度消失问题18)Exploding Gradient Problem - 梯度爆炸问题19)Language Modeling - 语言建模20)Speech Recognition - 语音识别•Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) - 长短期记忆网络1)Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) - 长短期记忆网络2)Cell State - 细胞状态3)Hidden State - 隐藏状态4)Forget Gate - 遗忘门5)Input Gate - 输入门6)Output Gate - 输出门7)Peephole Connections - 窥视孔连接8)Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) - 门控循环单元9)Vanishing Gradient Problem - 梯度消失问题10)Exploding Gradient Problem - 梯度爆炸问题11)Sequence Modeling - 序列建模12)Time Series Prediction - 时间序列预测13)Natural Language Processing (NLP) - 自然语言处理14)Text Generation - 文本生成15)Sentiment Analysis - 情感分析16)Named Entity Recognition (NER) - 命名实体识别17)Part-of-Speech Tagging (POS Tagging) - 词性标注18)Attention Mechanism - 注意力机制19)Encoder-Decoder Architecture - 编码器-解码器架构20)Bidirectional LSTM - 双向长短期记忆网络•Attention Mechanism - 注意力机制1)Attention Mechanism - 注意力机制2)Self-Attention - 自注意力3)Multi-Head Attention - 多头注意力4)Transformer - 变换器5)Query - 查询6)Key - 键7)Value - 值8)Query-Value Attention - 查询-值注意力9)Dot-Product Attention - 点积注意力10)Scaled Dot-Product Attention - 缩放点积注意力11)Additive Attention - 加性注意力12)Context Vector - 上下文向量13)Attention Score - 注意力分数14)SoftMax Function - SoftMax函数15)Attention Weight - 注意力权重16)Global Attention - 全局注意力17)Local Attention - 局部注意力18)Positional Encoding - 位置编码19)Encoder-Decoder Attention - 编码器-解码器注意力20)Cross-Modal Attention - 跨模态注意力•Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) - 生成对抗网络1)Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) - 生成对抗网络2)Generator - 生成器3)Discriminator - 判别器4)Adversarial Training - 对抗训练5)Minimax Game - 极小极大博弈6)Nash Equilibrium - 纳什均衡7)Mode Collapse - 模式崩溃8)Training Stability - 训练稳定性9)Loss Function - 损失函数10)Discriminative Loss - 判别损失11)Generative Loss - 生成损失12)Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) - Wasserstein GAN（WGAN）13)Deep Convolutional GAN (DCGAN) - 深度卷积生成对抗网络（DCGAN）14)Conditional GAN (c GAN) - 条件生成对抗网络（c GAN）15)Style GAN - 风格生成对抗网络16)Cycle GAN - 循环生成对抗网络17)Progressive Growing GAN (PGGAN) - 渐进式增长生成对抗网络（PGGAN）18)Self-Attention GAN (SAGAN) - 自注意力生成对抗网络（SAGAN）19)Big GAN - 大规模生成对抗网络20)Adversarial Examples - 对抗样本•Encoder-Decoder - 编码器-解码器1)Encoder-Decoder Architecture - 编码器-解码器架构2)Encoder - 编码器3)Decoder - 解码器4)Sequence-to-Sequence Model (Seq2Seq) - 序列到序列模型5)State Vector - 状态向量6)Context Vector - 上下文向量7)Hidden State - 隐藏状态8)Attention Mechanism - 注意力机制9)Teacher Forcing - 强制教师法10)Beam Search - 束搜索11)Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) - 循环神经网络12)Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) - 长短期记忆网络13)Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) - 门控循环单元14)Bidirectional Encoder - 双向编码器15)Greedy Decoding - 贪婪解码16)Masking - 遮盖17)Dropout - 随机失活18)Embedding Layer - 嵌入层19)Cross-Entropy Loss - 交叉熵损失20)Tokenization - 令牌化•Transfer Learning - 迁移学习1)Transfer Learning - 迁移学习2)Source Domain - 源领域3)Target Domain - 目标领域4)Fine-Tuning - 微调5)Domain Adaptation - 领域自适应6)Pre-Trained Model - 预训练模型7)Feature Extraction - 特征提取8)Knowledge Transfer - 知识迁移9)Unsupervised Domain Adaptation - 无监督领域自适应10)Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation - 半监督领域自适应11)Multi-Task Learning - 多任务学习12)Data Augmentation - 数据增强13)Task Transfer - 任务迁移14)Model Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) - 与模型无关的元学习（MAML）15)One-Shot Learning - 单样本学习16)Zero-Shot Learning - 零样本学习17)Few-Shot Learning - 少样本学习18)Knowledge Distillation - 知识蒸馏19)Representation Learning - 表征学习20)Adversarial Transfer Learning - 对抗迁移学习•Pre-trained Models - 预训练模型1)Pre-trained Model - 预训练模型2)Transfer Learning - 迁移学习3)Fine-Tuning - 微调4)Knowledge Transfer - 知识迁移5)Domain Adaptation - 领域自适应6)Feature Extraction - 特征提取7)Representation Learning - 表征学习8)Language Model - 语言模型9)Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) - 双向编码器结构转换器10)Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) - 生成式预训练转换器11)Transformer-based Models - 基于转换器的模型12)Masked Language Model (MLM) - 掩蔽语言模型13)Cloze Task - 填空任务14)Tokenization - 令牌化15)Word Embeddings - 词嵌入16)Sentence Embeddings - 句子嵌入17)Contextual Embeddings - 上下文嵌入18)Self-Supervised Learning - 自监督学习19)Large-Scale Pre-trained Models - 大规模预训练模型•Loss Function - 损失函数1)Loss Function - 损失函数2)Mean Squared Error (MSE) - 均方误差3)Mean Absolute Error (MAE) - 平均绝对误差4)Cross-Entropy Loss - 交叉熵损失5)Binary Cross-Entropy Loss - 二元交叉熵损失6)Categorical Cross-Entropy Loss - 分类交叉熵损失7)Hinge Loss - 合页损失8)Huber Loss - Huber损失9)Wasserstein Distance - Wasserstein距离10)Triplet Loss - 三元组损失11)Contrastive Loss - 对比损失12)Dice Loss - Dice损失13)Focal Loss - 焦点损失14)GAN Loss - GAN损失15)Adversarial Loss - 对抗损失16)L1 Loss - L1损失17)L2 Loss - L2损失18)Huber Loss - Huber损失19)Quantile Loss - 分位数损失•Activation Function - 激活函数1)Activation Function - 激活函数2)Sigmoid Function - Sigmoid函数3)Hyperbolic Tangent Function (Tanh) - 双曲正切函数4)Rectified Linear Unit (Re LU) - 矩形线性单元5)Parametric Re LU (P Re LU) - 参数化Re LU6)Exponential Linear Unit (ELU) - 指数线性单元7)Swish Function - Swish函数8)Softplus Function - Soft plus函数9)Softmax Function - SoftMax函数10)Hard Tanh Function - 硬双曲正切函数11)Softsign Function - Softsign函数12)GELU (Gaussian Error Linear Unit) - GELU（高斯误差线性单元）13)Mish Function - Mish函数14)CELU (Continuous Exponential Linear Unit) - CELU（连续指数线性单元）15)Bent Identity Function - 弯曲恒等函数16)Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs) - 高斯误差线性单元17)Adaptive Piecewise Linear (APL) - 自适应分段线性函数18)Radial Basis Function (RBF) - 径向基函数•Backpropagation - 反向传播1)Backpropagation - 反向传播2)Gradient Descent - 梯度下降3)Partial Derivative - 偏导数4)Chain Rule - 链式法则5)Forward Pass - 前向传播6)Backward Pass - 反向传播7)Computational Graph - 计算图8)Neural Network - 神经网络9)Loss Function - 损失函数10)Gradient Calculation - 梯度计算11)Weight Update - 权重更新12)Activation Function - 激活函数13)Optimizer - 优化器14)Learning Rate - 学习率15)Mini-Batch Gradient Descent - 小批量梯度下降16)Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) - 随机梯度下降17)Batch Gradient Descent - 批量梯度下降18)Momentum - 动量19)Adam Optimizer - Adam优化器20)Learning Rate Decay - 学习率衰减•Gradient Descent - 梯度下降1)Gradient Descent - 梯度下降2)Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) - 随机梯度下降3)Mini-Batch Gradient Descent - 小批量梯度下降4)Batch Gradient Descent - 批量梯度下降5)Learning Rate - 学习率6)Momentum - 动量7)Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) - 自适应矩估计8)RMSprop - 均方根传播9)Learning Rate Schedule - 学习率调度10)Convergence - 收敛11)Divergence - 发散12)Adagrad - 自适应学习速率方法13)Adadelta - 自适应增量学习率方法14)Adamax - 自适应矩估计的扩展版本15)Nadam - Nesterov Accelerated Adaptive Moment Estimation16)Learning Rate Decay - 学习率衰减17)Step Size - 步长18)Conjugate Gradient Descent - 共轭梯度下降19)Line Search - 线搜索20)Newton's Method - 牛顿法•Learning Rate - 学习率1)Learning Rate - 学习率2)Adaptive Learning Rate - 自适应学习率3)Learning Rate Decay - 学习率衰减4)Initial Learning Rate - 初始学习率5)Step Size - 步长6)Momentum - 动量7)Exponential Decay - 指数衰减8)Annealing - 退火9)Cyclical Learning Rate - 循环学习率10)Learning Rate Schedule - 学习率调度11)Warm-up - 预热12)Learning Rate Policy - 学习率策略13)Learning Rate Annealing - 学习率退火14)Cosine Annealing - 余弦退火15)Gradient Clipping - 梯度裁剪16)Adapting Learning Rate - 适应学习率17)Learning Rate Multiplier - 学习率倍增器18)Learning Rate Reduction - 学习率降低19)Learning Rate Update - 学习率更新20)Scheduled Learning Rate - 定期学习率•Batch Size - 批量大小1)Batch Size - 批量大小2)Mini-Batch - 小批量3)Batch Gradient Descent - 批量梯度下降4)Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) - 随机梯度下降5)Mini-Batch Gradient Descent - 小批量梯度下降6)Online Learning - 在线学习7)Full-Batch - 全批量8)Data Batch - 数据批次9)Training Batch - 训练批次10)Batch Normalization - 批量归一化11)Batch-wise Optimization - 批量优化12)Batch Processing - 批量处理13)Batch Sampling - 批量采样14)Adaptive Batch Size - 自适应批量大小15)Batch Splitting - 批量分割16)Dynamic Batch Size - 动态批量大小17)Fixed Batch Size - 固定批量大小18)Batch-wise Inference - 批量推理19)Batch-wise Training - 批量训练20)Batch Shuffling - 批量洗牌•Epoch - 训练周期1)Training Epoch - 训练周期2)Epoch Size - 周期大小3)Early Stopping - 提前停止4)Validation Set - 验证集5)Training Set - 训练集6)Test Set - 测试集7)Overfitting - 过拟合8)Underfitting - 欠拟合9)Model Evaluation - 模型评估10)Model Selection - 模型选择11)Hyperparameter Tuning - 超参数调优12)Cross-Validation - 交叉验证13)K-fold Cross-Validation - K折交叉验证14)Stratified Cross-Validation - 分层交叉验证15)Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) - 留一法交叉验证16)Grid Search - 网格搜索17)Random Search - 随机搜索18)Model Complexity - 模型复杂度19)Learning Curve - 学习曲线20)Convergence - 收敛3.Machine Learning Techniques and Algorithms (机器学习技术与算法)•Decision Tree - 决策树1)Decision Tree - 决策树2)Node - 节点3)Root Node - 根节点4)Leaf Node - 叶节点5)Internal Node - 内部节点6)Splitting Criterion - 分裂准则7)Gini Impurity - 基尼不纯度8)Entropy - 熵9)Information Gain - 信息增益10)Gain Ratio - 增益率11)Pruning - 剪枝12)Recursive Partitioning - 递归分割13)CART (Classification and Regression Trees) - 分类回归树14)ID3 (Iterative Dichotomiser 3) - 迭代二叉树315)C4.5 (successor of ID3) - C4.5（ID3的后继者）16)C5.0 (successor of C4.5) - C5.0（C4.5的后继者）17)Split Point - 分裂点18)Decision Boundary - 决策边界19)Pruned Tree - 剪枝后的树20)Decision Tree Ensemble - 决策树集成•Random Forest - 随机森林1)Random Forest - 随机森林2)Ensemble Learning - 集成学习3)Bootstrap Sampling - 自助采样4)Bagging (Bootstrap Aggregating) - 装袋法5)Out-of-Bag (OOB) Error - 袋外误差6)Feature Subset - 特征子集7)Decision Tree - 决策树8)Base Estimator - 基础估计器9)Tree Depth - 树深度10)Randomization - 随机化11)Majority Voting - 多数投票12)Feature Importance - 特征重要性13)OOB Score - 袋外得分14)Forest Size - 森林大小15)Max Features - 最大特征数16)Min Samples Split - 最小分裂样本数17)Min Samples Leaf - 最小叶节点样本数18)Gini Impurity - 基尼不纯度19)Entropy - 熵20)Variable Importance - 变量重要性•Support Vector Machine (SVM) - 支持向量机1)Support Vector Machine (SVM) - 支持向量机2)Hyperplane - 超平面3)Kernel Trick - 核技巧4)Kernel Function - 核函数5)Margin - 间隔6)Support Vectors - 支持向量7)Decision Boundary - 决策边界8)Maximum Margin Classifier - 最大间隔分类器9)Soft Margin Classifier - 软间隔分类器10) C Parameter - C参数11)Radial Basis Function (RBF) Kernel - 径向基函数核12)Polynomial Kernel - 多项式核13)Linear Kernel - 线性核14)Quadratic Kernel - 二次核15)Gaussian Kernel - 高斯核16)Regularization - 正则化17)Dual Problem - 对偶问题18)Primal Problem - 原始问题19)Kernelized SVM - 核化支持向量机20)Multiclass SVM - 多类支持向量机•K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) - K-最近邻1)K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) - K-最近邻2)Nearest Neighbor - 最近邻3)Distance Metric - 距离度量4)Euclidean Distance - 欧氏距离5)Manhattan Distance - 曼哈顿距离6)Minkowski Distance - 闵可夫斯基距离7)Cosine Similarity - 余弦相似度8)K Value - K值9)Majority Voting - 多数投票10)Weighted KNN - 加权KNN11)Radius Neighbors - 半径邻居12)Ball Tree - 球树13)KD Tree - KD树14)Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH) - 局部敏感哈希15)Curse of Dimensionality - 维度灾难16)Class Label - 类标签17)Training Set - 训练集18)Test Set - 测试集19)Validation Set - 验证集20)Cross-Validation - 交叉验证•Naive Bayes - 朴素贝叶斯1)Naive Bayes - 朴素贝叶斯2)Bayes' Theorem - 贝叶斯定理3)Prior Probability - 先验概率4)Posterior Probability - 后验概率5)Likelihood - 似然6)Class Conditional Probability - 类条件概率7)Feature Independence Assumption - 特征独立假设8)Multinomial Naive Bayes - 多项式朴素贝叶斯9)Gaussian Naive Bayes - 高斯朴素贝叶斯10)Bernoulli Naive Bayes - 伯努利朴素贝叶斯11)Laplace Smoothing - 拉普拉斯平滑12)Add-One Smoothing - 加一平滑13)Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) - 最大后验概率14)Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) - 最大似然估计15)Classification - 分类16)Feature Vectors - 特征向量17)Training Set - 训练集18)Test Set - 测试集19)Class Label - 类标签20)Confusion Matrix - 混淆矩阵•Clustering - 聚类1)Clustering - 聚类2)Centroid - 质心3)Cluster Analysis - 聚类分析4)Partitioning Clustering - 划分式聚类5)Hierarchical Clustering - 层次聚类6)Density-Based Clustering - 基于密度的聚类7)K-Means Clustering - K均值聚类8)K-Medoids Clustering - K中心点聚类9)DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) - 基于密度的空间聚类算法10)Agglomerative Clustering - 聚合式聚类11)Dendrogram - 系统树图12)Silhouette Score - 轮廓系数13)Elbow Method - 肘部法则14)Clustering Validation - 聚类验证15)Intra-cluster Distance - 类内距离16)Inter-cluster Distance - 类间距离17)Cluster Cohesion - 类内连贯性18)Cluster Separation - 类间分离度19)Cluster Assignment - 聚类分配20)Cluster Label - 聚类标签•K-Means - K-均值1)K-Means - K-均值2)Centroid - 质心3)Cluster - 聚类4)Cluster Center - 聚类中心5)Cluster Assignment - 聚类分配6)Cluster Analysis - 聚类分析7)K Value - K值8)Elbow Method - 肘部法则9)Inertia - 惯性10)Silhouette Score - 轮廓系数11)Convergence - 收敛12)Initialization - 初始化13)Euclidean Distance - 欧氏距离14)Manhattan Distance - 曼哈顿距离15)Distance Metric - 距离度量16)Cluster Radius - 聚类半径17)Within-Cluster Variation - 类内变异18)Cluster Quality - 聚类质量19)Clustering Algorithm - 聚类算法20)Clustering Validation - 聚类验证•Dimensionality Reduction - 降维1)Dimensionality Reduction - 降维2)Feature Extraction - 特征提取3)Feature Selection - 特征选择4)Principal Component Analysis (PCA) - 主成分分析5)Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) - 奇异值分解6)Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) - 线性判别分析7)t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) - t-分布随机邻域嵌入8)Autoencoder - 自编码器9)Manifold Learning - 流形学习10)Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) - 局部线性嵌入11)Isomap - 等度量映射12)Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) - 均匀流形逼近与投影13)Kernel PCA - 核主成分分析14)Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) - 非负矩阵分解15)Independent Component Analysis (ICA) - 独立成分分析16)Variational Autoencoder (VAE) - 变分自编码器17)Sparse Coding - 稀疏编码18)Random Projection - 随机投影19)Neighborhood Preserving Embedding (NPE) - 保持邻域结构的嵌入20)Curvilinear Component Analysis (CCA) - 曲线成分分析•Principal Component Analysis (PCA) - 主成分分析1)Principal Component Analysis (PCA) - 主成分分析2)Eigenvector - 特征向量3)Eigenvalue - 特征值4)Covariance Matrix - 协方差矩阵。

电力英语词汇标准的机组数据显示(Standard Measurement And Display Data)负载电流百分比显示Percentage of Current load(%)单相/三相电压Voltage by One/Three Phase (V olt.)每相电流Current by Phase (AMP)千伏安Apparent Power (KV A)中线电流Neutral Current (N Amp)功率因数Power Factor (PF)频率Frequency(HZ)千瓦Active Power (KW)千阀Reactive Power (KV Ar)最高/低电压及电流Max/Min. Current and V oltage输出千瓦/兆瓦小时Output kWh/MWh运行转速Running RPM机组运行正常Normal Running超速故障停机Overspeed Shutdowns低油压故障停机Low Oil Pressure Shutdowns高水温故障停机High Coolant Temperature Shutdowns起动失败停机Fail to Start Shutdowns冷却水温度表Coolant Temperature Gauge机油油压表Oil Pressure Gauge电瓶电压表Battery Voltage Meter机组运行小时表Genset Running Hour Meter怠速-快速运行选择键Idle Run –Normal Run Selector Switch运行-停机-摇控启动选择键Local Run-Stop-Remote Starting Selector Switch 其它故障显示及输入Other Common Fault Alarm Display and电力行波词汇行波travelling wave模糊神经网络fuzzy-neural network神经网络neural network模糊控制fuzzy control研究方向research direction副教授associate professor电力系统the electrical power system大容量发电机组large capacity generating set输电距离electricity transmission超高压输电线supervltage transmission power line投运commissioning行波保护Traveling wave protection自适应控制方法adaptive control process动作速度speed of action行波信号travelling wave signal测量信号measurement signal暂态分量transient state component非线性系统nonlinear system高精度high accuracy自学习功能selflearning function抗干扰能力antijamming capability自适应系统adaptive system行波继电器travelling wave relay输电线路故障transmission line malfunction仿真simulation算法algorithm电位electric potential短路故障short trouble子系统subsystem大小相等，方向相反equal and opposite in direction电压源voltage source故障点trouble spot等效于equivalent暂态行波transient state travelling wave偏移量side-play mount电压electric voltage附加系统add-ons system波形waveform工频power frequency延迟变换delayed transformation延迟时间delay time减法运算subtraction相减运算additive operation求和器summator模糊规则fuzzy rule参数值parameter values可靠动作action message等值波阻抗equivalent value wave impedance附加网络additional network修改的modified反传算法backpropagation algorithm隶属函数membership function模糊规则fuzzy rule模糊推理fuzzy reasoning样本集合sample set给定的given模糊推理矩阵fuzzy reasoning matrix采样周期sampling period三角形隶属度函数Triangle-shape grade of membership function负荷状态load conditions区内故障troubles inside the sample space门槛值threshold level采样频率sampling frequency全面地all sidedly样本空间sample space误动作malfunction保护特性protection feature仿真数据simulation data灵敏性sensitivity小波变换wavelet transformation神经元neuron谐波电流harmonic current电力系统自动化power system automation继电保护relaying protection中国电力China Power学报journal初探primary explorationEMS=Energy Management System 能量管理系统DMS=Distribution Management System 配电网络管理系统SCADA=Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition 监管控制与数据采集（调度自动化系统）AGC=Automatic Generation Control 自动发电控制LFC=Load Frequency Control 负荷频率控制EDC=Economic load Dispatching Control 经济调度负荷控制RTU=Remote Terminal Unit 远程终端单元（远动分站）MMI=Men Machine Interface 人机交互界面（在屏幕上进行监视与操作、控制）CRT=Cathode Ray Type 阴极射线显示（显像管监视器）LC=Load Control 负荷控制AM/FM=Automated Mapping and Facilities Management自动绘图与设备管理DSM=Demand Side Management 需求端管理TOU=Time Of Use 使用时间（次数）GEM=Generation Efficiency Management发电功效管理MIS=Management Information System 信息管理系统OS=Operation System 操作系统DTS=Dispatcher Training Simulator 调度员培训系统EMP=Energy Management Platform 能量管理平台FAT=Factory Acceptance Test 工厂验收试验SAT=on Site Acceptance Test 现场验收试验RTGEN=Real Time Generation Control 实时发电控制RTNET=Real Time NETwork state analysis实时网络状态分析FM=Facilities Management 设备管理GIS=Geographic information System 地理信息系统IEEE=The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 电气电子工程学会POSIX=Portable Operating System Interface Standard Portable操作系统标准MIT=Massachusetls Institute of Technology 麻省理技术学院OSF=Open System Foundation 开放式系统基础ANSI=American National Standards Institute 北美标准协会TCP/IP=Transaction Control Protocal/ Internet Protocal 传输控制协议与互联网协议SQL=Structured Query Language 结构查询语言LAN=Local Area Network 局域网络EPRI=Electric Power Research Institute电力研究（科学）院MMI=Man-Machine Interactive 人机交互界面MMC=Man-Machine Communication 人机交互通讯PHIGS=Programmer’s Hierachical Interactive Graphics System 分级式程序员交互图形系统LTU=Local Terminal Unit 负荷终端单元SOE=Sequence Of Event recording 事件记录顺序记忆PDR=Post Disturbance Review 提示扰动（故障）记忆AFC=Automatic Frequency Control 自动频率控制ACE=Area Control Error 区域控制误差PLC=Plant Controler 工厂控制TBC=Tie line Bias Control 联络线（功率）偏差控制CFC=Constant Frequency Control 恒定频控制CNIC=Constant Net Interchange Control 既定网络交换控制NERC=North American Electric Reliability Council –北美电力可靠性联合会LDC=Load Duration Curve 负荷变化曲线ELDC=Equivalent Load Duration Curve 等效负荷变化曲线OPF=Optimal Power Flow 最优潮流GRG=Generalized Reduced Gradient 函数化简梯度A VR=Automatic V oltage Regulation 自动电压调整REI=Radial Equivalent Independent REI等值（辐射状等值独立电源发）ZPBN=Zero Power Balance Network 零功率平衡网络（无交换功率网络）FAT=Factory Acceptance TestSAT=Site Acceptance TestOMG=Object Management Group 目标管理集合CORBA=Common Object Request Broker Architecture公共目标请求对象体系IDI=Interface Definition Language 界面定义语言API=Application Programming Interface 应用程序界面ORB=Object Request Broker 目标请求对象突然损失发电机或线路：sudden loss of a generator or transmission line.负荷突然增加或减少：sudden load increases or decreases短路和开关操作：short circuits and switching operations.三相和对地短路：three-phase and line-to-ground faults短路器：circuit breaker暂态过电压和电流：transient overvoltages and currents雷击：lightning strikes电涌放电器：surge arrester相量：phasor，通常用复数phasors瞬时功率：instantaneous power特别地：In particular,正弦电压或电流：A sinusoidal voltage or current at constant frequency最大值：maximum value有效值：effective value平均值：average value坐标系实轴：real axis坐标系虚轴：imaginary axis相量图：phasor diagram for …无源元件：passive elements电阻、电感、电容、电抗：resistor, inductor, and capacitor, reactance,感性、容性：inductive, capacitive有功功率：real power or active power无功功率：reactive power功率因数：power factor功率因数角：power factor angleA single-phase source delivers 100kW to a load operating at a power factor of 0.8 lagging.物理意义：The physical significance of ……与…同相位：…be in phase with…Example：For a purely resistive load, the current into the load is in phase with the load voltage.如式（2.1）所示：As indicated by (2.1), ……落后(超前)…多少相位：The current lags（leads）the voltage by 90.正弦稳态：sinusoidal-steady-state让a＝b，得到：Letting a=b gives按照惯例（通常）：By convention, the power factor cos(a-b) is positive.时间区间：a time interval T. Example: The total energy absorbed by a load during a time interval T.额定值：rating. 例：额定功率－power rating；发电机额定功率－power rating of electric generator；额定电压：voltage rating.基尔霍夫电流（电压）方程：Kirchhoff’s current(voltage) law。

精品文档Glossary of《Introduction to Modern Photogrammetry》《当代摄影测量》双语教学词汇表AAbbe comparator principle阿贝比长原理aberration 像差absolute flying height 绝对航高absolute orientation 绝对定向absorption 吸收access 存取、访问accessory 附件、辅助设备accident error 偶然误差accuracy 精度、准确度accuracy assessment 精度评定acquisition 获取active remote sensing 主动式遥感adaptability 适应性adjustment 平差adjacent 邻接adjacent flight line 相邻航线adjacent area 邻接区域adjoining sheets 邻接图幅aerial camera 航空摄影机aerial photograph 航摄像片aerial photographic gap 航摄漏洞aerial photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial remote sensing 航空遥感aerophotogrammetry 航空摄影测量aerotriangulation 空中三角测量block triangulation区域网三角测量strip triangulation航带法空中三角测量independent model triangulation独立模型法空中三角测量bundle triangulation光束法空中三角测量affine rectification 仿射纠正affined transformation 仿射变换aggregation 聚合、聚集air base 摄影基线airbone imagery 机载影像airborne sensor 机载传感器alignment 排列成行、对准algebra 代数algorithm 算法allocation 配置altimeter 测高仪altitude 高度、高程ambiguity 模糊、不定性anaglyph 互补色anaglyphical stereoscopic viewing互补色立体观察analog 模拟analog/digital conversion 模数转换analog photogrammetry 模拟摄影测量analytical aerotriangulation解析空中三角测量analytical photogrammetry 解析摄影测量analytical plotter 解析测图仪ancillary data 辅助数据angular field of view 像场角angular momentum 角动量animation 动画annotation 注释、注记annotated photograph 调绘像片aperture 光圈、孔径relative ~ 相对孔径effective ~ 有效孔径approximation 近似值、逼近archive 档案archiving 存档architectural photogrammetry建筑摄影测量archaeological photogrammetry考古摄影测量artificial intelligence 人工智能artificial target 人工标志（点）aspect 方位aspect map 坡向图assessment 评定、估价astigmatism 像散atlas 地图集atmospheric haze 大气蒙雾atmospheric refraction 大气折光atmospheric window 大气窗口atmospheric transmission 大气传输atmospheric transmissivity 大气透过率attenuation 衰减attitude 姿态attitude parameter 姿态参数attribute 属性autocollimation 自准直autocorrelation 自相关automatic triangulation自动空中三角测量azimuth angle 方位角azimuth resolution 方位角分辨率Bbackprojection 逆投影backup 备份ballistic camera 弹道摄影机ballistic photogrammetry弹道摄影测量bandwidth 波段宽barrel 圆筒、桶形失真baseline 基线base-height ratio 基-高比batch process 批处理baud rate 波特率Bayes classification 贝叶斯分类bilinear interpolation 双线性内插binary image 二值影像biomedical photogrammetry生物医学摄影测量biostereometrics 生物立体量测学black-and-white film 黑白片blinking method of stereoscopic viewing 闪闭法立体观察block adjustment 区域网平差blunder detection 粗差探测bulk processing 粗处理bundle of rays 光束boundary 边界breakline 断裂线bridging of models 模型连接brightness 亮度Ccadastral mapping 地籍制图calibration 检校camera calibration 摄影机检校carrier phrase measurement载波相位测量Cartesian coordinates 笛卡尔坐标cartography 地图学characteristic curve of photographic emulsion 感光特性曲线check point 检查点chromatic 彩色的classification 分类classifier 分类器close-range photogrammetry近景摄影测量clustering 聚类cognitive mapping 认知制图collinearity condition 共线条件collinearity equations 共线方程color enhancement 彩色增强color infrared film 彩色红外片color film 彩色片coma 彗星像差combined adjustment 联合平差comparator 坐标量测仪compensation 补偿complementary colors 互补色component 组件、分量compression 压缩computer aided mapping 机助测图computer vision 计算机视觉computer-aided cartography计算机辅助制图condition equations 条件方程confidence 置信度coverage 覆盖conformal 正形的、等角的contact printing 接触晒印content of information 信息量contour lines 等高线contour interval 等高距constraint 约束contrast enhancement 反差增强contrast coefficient 反差系数control point 控制点control photostrip 骨架航线convergent photography 交向摄影convolution operators 卷积算子coordinate grid 坐标格网coordinate system 坐标系photographic coordinate system 像平面坐标系image space coordinate system 像空间坐标系object coordinate system物方坐标系coplanarity equation 共面方程correlation efficient 相关系数corresponding image point 同名像点corresponding image rays 同名光线corresponding epipolar line 同名核线cosine transformation 余弦变换covariance 协方差covariance matrix 协方差矩阵crest 山脊、峰顶cross-section 断面cyberspace 信息空间、赛博空间cycle slip 周跳Ddata acquisitation 数据获取data compression 数据压缩data mining 数据挖掘data snooping 数据探测法data transmission 数据传输data processing 数据处理data warehouse 数据仓库datum 基准deformation 变形densitometer 密度计density slicing 密度分割depression 抑制、衰减depth of field 景深detector 探测器developing 显影diagonal matrix 对角矩阵diaphragm 光圈differential 差分differential method of photogrammetric mapping 分工法测图differential rectification 微分纠正diffraction 衍射diffusion 扩散、漫射digital/analog transform 数/模转换digital correlation 数字相关digital earth 数字地球digital image 数字影像digitizer 数字化器digitization 数字化digitized image 数字化影像digital mapping 数字测图digital mosaic 数字镶嵌digital surface model数字表面模型（DSM）digital terrain model数字高程模型（DTM）digital orthophoto map数字正射影像（DOM）digital orthoimage 数字正射影像digital photogrammetry 数字摄影测量digital raster graphic数字栅格地图（DRG）digital rectification 数字纠正digital tracing table 数控绘图桌dimensional 维one- dimensional一维的two- dimensional 二维的three- dimensional 三维的disparity 不同、差异displacement of image 像点位移distortion of lens 物镜畸变差distribution function 分布函数direct line transformation直接线性变换（DLT）direct scheme of digital rectification直接法纠正direction cosines 方向余弦discrimination 辨别、区分dispersion 分散、散射drainage 水系drawing 绘图drift angle 偏流角dynamic 动态的Eearth curvature 地球曲率earth ellipsoid 地球椭球eccentricity 偏心、偏心率edge detection 边缘检测edge enhancement 边缘增强eigenvalue 特征值eigenvector 特征向量electromagnetic spectrum 电磁波谱elements of interior orientation内方位元素elements of exterior orientation外方位元素elements of relative orientation相对定向元素elements of absolute orientation绝对定向元素elements of rectification 纠正元素emulsion 药膜encoding 编码enhancement 增强entity 实体entropy （信息）熵entropy coding 熵编码environment 环境epipolar line 核线epipolar plane 核面epipolar correlation 核线相关epipolar resampling 核线重采样epipole 核点equalization of histogram 直方图均衡equivalent vertical photograph等效竖直像片equally tilted photography 等倾摄影error circle 误差圆Ethernet 以太网expert system 专家系统ES exposure 曝光exposure station 摄站exponential 指数的exterior orientation 外部定向event 事件Ffalse color film 假彩色片false color photography 假彩色摄影false color composite 假彩色合成feature 特征feature coding 特征编码feature extraction 特征提取feature selection 特征选择fiducial marks 框标mechanical fiducial marks机械框标optical fiducial marks光学框标field curvature像场弯曲field of view 视场filtering 滤波fixing 定影flight block 摄影分区flight height （flying height）航高flight line 摄影航线flight plan of aerial photography航摄计划flight strip 航带flying height 航高absolute ~ 绝对航高relative ~ 相对航高flying trace 航迹floating mark 浮游测标flux 通量、流动focal distance 焦距focal length 焦距focal plane 焦平面format 像幅forward motion compensation （FMC）向前运动补偿Fourier transformation 傅立叶变换fractal 分数维frame camera 框幅式摄影机free net adjustment 自由网平差frequency 频率Fresnel 菲滠耳fuzzy classifier method 模糊分类法fuzzy image 模糊影像GGaussian distribution 高斯分布generalization 综合geodetic origin 大地原点generation 产生geodetic datum 大地基准geodetic database 大地测量数据库geocentric coordinate system地心坐标系geodetic origin 大地原点geodetic datum 大地基准geographic coding 地理编码geoid 大地水准面geomatics 测绘学geometric correction 几何校正geometric rectification 几何纠正geometric registration of image图像几何配准geometric model 几何模型geostationary 地球静止的geo-synchronous satellite 地球同步卫星gnomonic 球心的goniometer 测角器、测向器gradients 梯度graphic 图形的grating 格子、光栅gravity 重力grey level 灰度级grey scale 灰度级grey wedge 光契grid 格网ground nadir point 地底点gross error detection 粗差检测GPS aerotriangulation GPS空中三角测量Gruber point 标准配置点Hheight displacement 投影差high-pass filtering 高通滤波histogram equalization 直方图均衡histogram 直方图histogram specification直方图规格化histogram equalization直方图均衡化hologram photography 全息摄影hologrammetry 全息摄影测量homogeneous 均质的、齐次的homologous image point 同名像点homomorphic filtering 同态滤波horizon camera 地平线摄影机horizontal 水平的、平面的horizontal parallax 左右视差（x-parallax）horizontal parallax difference左右视差较hot spots 热点hough transformation 霍夫变换Huffman 霍夫曼hue 色度hypergraph 超图hypermedia 超媒体hyperspectral 高光谱、超光谱hypertext 超文本hypothesis 假设Iidentified photograph 调绘片index contour 计曲线illuminance of ground 地面照度image，imagery 影像image coding 影像编码image correlation 影像相关image description 影像描述image digitization 影像数字化image enhancement 影像增强image fusion 影像融合image interpretation 影像解译image matching 影像匹配image mosaic 影像镶嵌image motion compensation像移补偿image overlaying 影像复合image pyramids 影像金字塔image quality 影像质量image recognition 影像识别image registration 影像配准image resolution 影像分辨力image restoration 影像复原image motion compensation像移补偿（IMC）image segmentation 图像分割image space coordinate system像空间坐标系image transformation 图像变换image understanding 图像理解imaging equation 构像方程imaging radar 成像雷达imaging spectrometer 成像光谱仪incident angle 入射角independent model aerial triangulation 独立模型法空中三角测量indirect scheme of digital rectification 间接法纠正industrial photogrammetry工业摄影测量inertial measurement unit （IMU）惯性测量装置information extraction 信息提取infrared film 红外片infrared photography 红外摄影infrared remote sensing 红外遥感infrared scanner 红外扫描仪inner 内部的inner orientation 内定向instrument 仪器、设备integration 集成intensity 亮度interactive 交互interest point 兴趣点、有利点interferogram 干涉图interferometry 干涉测量学interior orientation 内部定向interometry SAR 干涉雷达（INSAR）interoperability 互操作interpolation 内插bilinear interpolation 双线性内插nearest-neighbor interpolation邻近像元内插invariant 不变量irradiance 辐射照度isocenter of photograph 像等角点isometric 等角、等值的isometric parallel 等比线iteration method 迭代法iteration method with variable weights选权迭代法intersection 相交inverse matrix 逆矩阵Kkey-in 键盘输入key word 关键字kinematic positioning 动态定位knickpoint 转折点、裂点Llaboratory 实验室Landsat 陆地卫星landform 地形landscape map 景观地图large format camera大像幅摄影机（LFC）latent 潜在的lateral tilt 旁向倾角（roll）lateral overlap（side overlap，side lap）旁向重叠layover 雷达图像移位least squares correlation最小二乘相关leveling of model 模型置平linear array sensor 线阵列传感器linear features 线特征linear transformation 线性变换linearization 线性化logarithmic 对数的longitudinal tilt 航向倾角（pitch）longitudinal overlap（end overlap，forward overlap）航向重叠low-pass 低通Mmagazine 暗盒magnification 放大manual 人工的manuscript map 原图map compilation 地图编辑map legend 图例map projection 地图投影map revision 地图更新mapping satellite 测图卫星marine charting 海洋测绘mathematical expectation 数学期望maximum likelihood classification最大似然分类matrix 矩阵mean square error 中误差measuring mark 测标mechanics 力学median filters 中值滤波器mesh 网、网格metadata 元数据meteosat 气象卫星minimum distance classification最小距离分类metric camera 量测摄影机microwave remote sensing 微波遥感method of least squares 最小二乘法microwave radiation 微波辐射microwave radiometer 微波辐射计modulation transfer function调制传递函数（MTF）moiré莫尔条纹monocomparator 单像坐标量测仪mount 安装、座架mosaic 镶嵌optical mosaic 光学镶嵌digital mosaic 数字镶嵌most probable value 最或然值multicollimator 多投影准直仪multiplex 多倍仪multistage rectification 多级纠正multispectral camera 多光谱摄影机multispectral photography多光谱摄影multispectral remote sensing多光谱遥感multispectral scanner多光谱扫描仪（MSS）multi-temporal analysis 多时相分析multi-temporal remote sensing多时相遥感multiplicity 多重性、相重性Nnadir point 底点navigation 导航negative 负片neighborhood method 邻元法nodal point 节点front nodal point 前节点rear nodal point 后节点neutral network 神经网络nonlinear 非线性的non-metric camera 非量测摄影机non-topographic photogrammetry非地形摄影测量normal case photography 正直摄影normal distribution 正态分布normal equation 法方程式normalization 正交化Ooblique 倾斜的oblique photography 倾斜摄影object space coordinate system物空间坐标系object spectrum characteristics地物波谱特性object oriented 面向对象observation 观测值observation equation 误差方程式occlusion 遮蔽offset 移位off-line 离线、脱机on-line 在线、联机on-line aerial triangulation联机空中三角测量one-dimensional 一维的opacity 不透明的operator 算子optical axis of lens 物镜主光轴optical rectification 光学纠正optical-mechanical rectification光机械学纠正optical projection 光学投影optical transfer function光学传递函数（OTF）orthogonal matrix 正交矩阵orientation elements 方位元素orientation point 定向点orthogonal projection 正射投影orthographic 正射的orthogonal matrix 正交矩阵orthoimage 正射影像orthophoto 正射像片orthophotomap 正射影像地图orthophoto stereomate正射影像立体配对片orthophoto technique 正射影像技术outline map 略图outstanding point 明显地物点overlap 重叠Ppackage 包panchromatic film 全色片panoramic camera 全景摄影机panoramic photography 全景摄影panoramic distortion 全景畸变parallax 视差parallax difference 视差较parallel-averted photography等偏摄影parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计pass point 加密点pattern recognition 模式识别perceived model 视模型perigee 近地点perspective center 透视中心phase transfer function相位传递函数（PTF）photogrammetric distortion摄影测量畸变差photogrammetric workstation摄影测量工作站photogrammetry 摄影测量terrestrial ~ 地面摄影测量two-medium ~ 双介质摄影测量biomedical ~ 医学摄影测量photography 摄影学photographic baseline 摄影基线photographic bundle of rays 摄影光束photographic coordinate system摄影测量坐标系photographic interpolation摄影测量内插photographic paper 相纸photographic processing 摄影处理photographic scale 摄影比例尺photo base 像片基线photo coordinate system像平面坐标系photo interpretation 像片判读photo map 像片平面图photo mosaic 像片镶嵌photo nadir point 像底点photoplan 像片平面图photo rectification 像片纠正photo scale 像片比例尺phototheodolite 摄影经纬仪physiological parallax 生理视差picture format 像幅pinhole 小孔（成像）pixel 像元planarity 平面性、平面条件platform 平台platen 压平板、平台plot 平面图、略图plumb line 铅垂线point marking 刺点point transfer 转点point of interest 兴趣点polar 极、极地的polar coordinates 极坐标polarized 极化polarization 极化polygon 多边形polynomial 多项式positive 正片power spectrum 功率谱precision 精密度precision estimation 精度估计prediction 预测、推估prick point 刺点primary color 原色principal component transformation 主分量变换principal distance of photo 像片主距principal distance 主距principal line 像主纵线principal plane 像主垂面principal point 像主点principal point of photograph 像主点principle of geometric reverse几何反转原理printer 印相机prism 棱镜precision estimation 精度估计probable error 或然误差probability 概率论processing 处理bulk processing 粗处理precision processing 精处理product 产品production 生产、产量projection 投影projection center 投影中心projection printing 投影晒印propagation of errors 误差传播protocol 协议prototype 原型pseudo-color image 伪彩色影像pseudo range measurement 伪距测量pushbroom imaging 推扫式成像pyramids 金字塔Qquadtree 四叉树qualitative 定性的quality control 质量控制quantitative 定量的quantizing 量化quantization 量化quantum 量子query 查询、检索Rradargrammetry 雷达图象测量radial distortion 径向畸变radial triangulation 辐射三角测量radiant 辐射的radiation correction 辐射校正radiograph X光照相radiometry 辐射测量radiometric correction 辐射校正radiometer 辐射计random error 随机误差、偶然误差random variable 随机变量raster grid 栅格网raster to vector conversion栅格-矢量转换ratio transformation 比值变换real-aperture radar 真实空径雷达real-time photogrammetry实时摄影测量reconstruction 重建rectifier 纠正仪rectification 纠正affine rectification 仿射纠正reduction 归化redundancy 余redundant information 余信息refinement 改正reflectance spectrum 反射波谱region of target 目标区region of search 搜索区relative flying height 相对航高relative orientation 相对定向relaxation 松池reliability 可靠性relief displacement 投影差resampling 重采样remote sensing 遥感aerial remote sensing 航空遥感space remote sensing 航天遥感remote sensing of resources 资源遥感environmental remote sensing环境遥感geological remote sensing 地质遥感ocean remote sensing 海洋遥感forest remote sensing 森林遥感atmospheric remote sensing大气遥感infrared remote sensing 红外遥感microwave remote sensing 微波遥感multi-spectral remote sensing多光谱遥感active remote sensing 主动遥感passive remote sensing 被动遥感remote sensing platform 遥感平台representation 显示、表达reseaux 网格resection 后方交会residual 残差resolution 分解力、分辨率ground resolution 地面分解力space resolution 空间分辨率temporal resolution 时间分辨率temperature resolution 温度分辨率resolving power of lens 物镜分辨力restitution 测图、成图、复原、恢复restoration 恢复retrieval 检索return beam vidicon camera反束光导（RBV）管摄影机reversal film 反转片roam 漫游rotation matrix 旋转矩阵route 路径Ssampling 采样sampling interval 采样间隔satellite altimetry 卫星测高satellite attitude 卫星姿态satellite-borne sensor 星载遥感器saturation 饱和度scaling of model 模型缩放scanner 扫描仪searching area 搜索区seasat 海洋卫星segmentation 分割self-calibration 自检校semiconductor 半导体semi-metric camera 半量测摄影机sensitivity 感光度sensitometry 感光测定sensitization 感光sensitometry 感光度测定sensitive material 感光材料sensor 传感器sequential 序列的shadow 阴影shutter 快门sidelap 旁向重叠side-looking radar侧视雷达（SLR）similarity 相似、相似性simulation 模拟single image 单张像片singularity 奇异性small format aerial photography小像幅摄影space intersection 空间前方交会space photography 航天摄影space photogrammetry航天摄影测量space remote sensing 航天遥感space resection 空间后方交会Spacelab 空间实验室space shuttle 航天飞机spatial 空间的spatial domain 空间域specification 规范、说明spectral 光谱的spectral sensitivity 光谱感光度spectrograph 摄谱仪spectrometer 波谱测定仪spectroradiometer 光谱辐射仪spectrum character curve波谱特征曲线spectrum response curve波谱响应曲线spectrum feature space 波谱特征空间sphere 球面、球体spline 样条squint 斜视static 静态的stellar camera 恒星摄影机standard deviation 标准差standard error 标准差statistical 统计的statoscope 高差仪stereocamera 立体摄影机stereocomparator 立体坐标量测仪stereometer 立体量测仪stereo pair 立体像对stereo plotter 立体测图仪stereoscope 立体镜bridge-type ~ 桥式立体镜mirror ~ 反光立体镜stereoscopic vision 立体视觉stereoscopic observation 立体观测stereopair 立体像对stereophotogrammetry立体摄影测量stereoscopic model 立体观测模型stop-number 光圈号数stochastic 随机的strips 航线、航带strip aerial triangulation航带法空中三角测量sub pixel 子像素sun-synchronous satellite太阳同步卫星superimposition 叠加supervised classification 监督分类surface model 表面模型survey adjustment 测量平差survey mark 测量标志surveying and mapping 测绘surveying 测量学elementary surveying 普通测量topographic survey 地形测量control surveying 控制测量sweep 扫描swing angle 像片旋角（yaw）symmetry 对称synthetic aperture radar合成空径雷达system integration 系统集成systematic error 系统误差Ttangential distortion 切向畸变target area 目标区template 模板terrestrial camera 地面摄影机terrestrial photogrammetry地面摄影测量texture enhancement 纹理增强texture analysis 纹理分析thematic map 专题地图thematic mapper 专题制图仪（TM）theodolite 经纬仪thermal radiation 热辐射thermal infrared imagery 热红外影像threshold 阈值tie point 连接点tilt angle of photograph 像片倾角tilt displacement 倾斜位移tracing 跟踪transparent negative 透明负片transparent positive 透明正片triangulated irregular network不规则三角网（TIN）triple 三倍的、三重的true-orthophoto 真正射影像two-medium photogrammetry toning 调色topographic map 地形图topology 拓扑toponomastics, toponymy 地名学trainning field 训练区transmittance 透光率translation 平移、移动transparent 透明的transverse 横轴、横向的triangulation 三角测量aerial ~ 空中三角测量analogue aerial ~ 模拟法空三测量analytical aerial ~ 解析法空三测量block ~ 区域网空中三角测量strip ~ 航带法空中三角测量independent model ~独立模型法空中三角测量bundle ~ 光束法空中三角测量trichromatic 三色的Uuncertainty 不确定性underwater camera 水下摄影机under photogrammetry水下摄影测量universal method of photogrammetric unit matrix 单位矩阵unit weight 单位权unsupervised classification非监督分类update 更新urban mapping 城市制图user interface 用户界面mapping 全能法测图Vvanishing point 灭点、合点variance 方差variance-covariance 方差-协方差vectograph method of stereoscopic viewing 偏振光立体观察vector 矢量vectorization 矢量化verifiability 置信度verification 确认vertical 竖直的、高程的vertical exaggeration 高程扩张vertical parallax上下视差（y-parallax）vertical photography 竖直摄影viewpoint 视点virtual reality 虚拟现实visual 目视的visual interpretation 目视判读visualization 可视化voxel 体素Wwavelet 小波wavelength 波长weight 权weight function 权函数weight matrix 权矩阵weighted mean 加权平均数whiskbroom 横扫式workstation 工作站XX-ray photogrammetry X射线摄影测量Yyan angle 航偏角y-tilt 航向倾角Zzenith angle 天顶角zonal rectification 分带纠正zone 带zone generation 区域增长zoom 缩放zoom in 缩小zoom out 放大注：更详细的摄影测量与遥感专业词汇请查阅：1、《英汉测绘词汇》. 测绘出版社2、《测绘学名词》. 测绘出版社, 2002缩写词CAC Computer-aided Cartography 机助地图制图CCD Charge-coupled Device 电荷偶合器件DCBD Digital Cadastral Database 数字地籍数据库DLG Digital Line Graph 数字线划图DRG Digital Raster Graphics 数字栅格图DOQ Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle 数字正射影像图DPW Digital Photogrammetric Workstation摄影测量工作站GLONASS Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System [俄罗斯]全球轨道导航卫星系统GPS Global Positioning System 全球定位系统ERTS earth resources technology satellite 地球资源卫星ETM Enhancement Thermatic Mapper 增强型专题制图仪HRSC High Resolution Stereo CameraIFOV Instantaneous Field of View 瞬时视场IFSAR Interometry SAR干涉雷达IMU Inertial Measurement Unit 惯性测量装置INS Inertial Navigation System 惯性导航系统ISS Inertial Surveying System 惯性测量系统LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging 激光探测和测距LIS Land Information System 土地信息系统MTF Modulation Transfer Function 调制传递函数NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetative IndexNSDI National Spatial Data Infrastructure 国家空间数据基础设施RMSE root mean square error 均方根差，中误差SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar 合成空径雷达SDI Spatial Data Infrastructure 空间数据基础设施SLAR Side Looking Airborne Radar 侧视雷达WGS84 World Geodetic System for 1984 1984年世界大地坐标系学会、组织名称ACSM American Congress on Surveying and Mapping 美国测绘学会ASPRS American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing美国摄影测量与遥感学会CSGPC Chinese Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 中国测绘学会ESA European Space Agency 欧洲空间局FIG Federation International of Geometres 国际测量师联合会ICA International Cartographic Association 国际制图协会ISO International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织ISPRS International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing国际摄影测量与遥感学会IUSM International Union of Surveying and Mapping 国际测量联合会NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration [美国]国家航空与航天局NASDA National Space Development Agency [日本]国家宇宙开发事业团NGCC National Geomatics Center of China [中国]国家基础地理信息中心。

常用机械专业术语中英文对照基础机构fundamental mechanism差不多额定寿命basic rating life基于实例设计case-based design,CBD基圆base circle基圆半径radius of base circle基圆齿距base pitch基圆压力角pressure angle of base circle基圆柱base cylinder基圆锥base cone急回机构quick-return mechanism急回特性quick-return characteristics急回系数advance-to return-time ratio急回运动quick-return motion棘轮ratchet棘轮机构ratchet mechanism棘爪pawl极限位置extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions运算机辅助设计computer aided design, CAD运算机辅助制造computer aided manufacturing, CAM运算机集成制造系统computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS运算力矩factored moment; calculation moment运算弯矩calculated bending moment加权系数weighting efficient加速度acceleration加速度分析acceleration analysis加速度曲线acceleration diagram尖点pointing; cusp尖底从动件knife-edge follower间隙backlash间歇运动机构intermittent motion mechanism 减速比reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置reduction gear减速器speed reducer减摩性anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面involute helicoid渐开线involute渐开线齿廓involute profile渐开线齿轮involute gear渐开线发生线generating line of involute渐开线方程involute equation渐开线函数involute function渐开线蜗杆involute worm渐开线压力角pressure angle of involute渐开线花键involute spline简谐运动simple harmonic motion键key键槽keyway交变应力repeated stress交变载荷repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮crossed helical gears胶合scoring角加速度angular acceleration角速度angular velocity角速比angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽hinge校正平面correcting plane接触应力contact stress接触式密封contact seal阶梯轴multi-diameter shaft结构structure结构设计structural design截面section节点pitch point节距circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线pitch line节圆pitch circle节圆齿厚thickness on pitch circle节圆直径pitch diameter节圆锥pitch cone节圆锥角pitch cone angle解析设计analytical design紧边tight-side紧固件fastener径节diametral pitch径向radial direction径向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷static equivalent radial load径向差不多额定动载荷basic dynamic radial load rating 径向差不多额定静载荷basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承radial contact bearing径向平面radial plane径向游隙radial internal clearance径向载荷radial load径向载荷系数radial load factor径向间隙clearance静力static force静平稳static balance静载荷static load静密封static seal局部自由度passive degree of freedom矩阵matrix矩形螺纹square threaded form锯齿形螺纹buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数absolute dimensional factor绝对运动absolute motion绝对速度absolute velocity均衡装置load balancing mechanism抗压强度compression strength开口传动open-belt drive开式链open kinematic chain开链机构open chain mechanism可靠度degree of reliability可靠性reliability可靠性设计reliability design, RD空气弹簧air spring空间机构spatial mechanism空间连杆机构spatial linkage空间凸轮机构spatial cam空间运动副spatial kinematic pair空间运动链spatial kinematic chain空转idle宽度系列width series框图block diagram雷诺方程Reynolds‘s equation离心力centrifugal force离心应力centrifugal stress离合器clutch离心密封centrifugal seal理论廓线pitch curve理论啮合线theoretical line of action隶属度membership力force力多边形force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism 力矩moment力平稳equilibrium力偶couple力偶矩moment of couple连杆connecting rod, coupler连杆机构linkage连杆曲线coupler-curve连心线line of centers链chain链传动装置chain gearing链轮sprocket ; sprocket-wheel ; sprocket gear ; chain wheel联组V 带tight-up V belt联轴器coupling ; shaft coupling两维凸轮two-dimensional cam临界转速critical speed六杆机构six-bar linkage龙门刨床double Haas planer轮坯blank轮系gear train螺杆screw螺距thread pitch螺母screw nut螺旋锥齿轮helical bevel gear螺钉screws螺栓bolts螺纹导程lead螺纹效率screw efficiency螺旋传动power screw螺旋密封spiral seal螺纹thread (of a screw)螺旋副helical pair螺旋机构screw mechanism螺旋角helix angle螺旋线helix ,helical line绿色设计green design ; design for environment马耳他机构Geneva wheel ; Geneva gear马耳他十字Maltese cross脉动无级变速pulsating stepless speed changes脉动循环应力fluctuating circulating stress脉动载荷fluctuating load铆钉rivet迷宫密封labyrinth seal密封seal密封带seal belt密封胶seal gum密封元件potted component密封装置sealing arrangement面对面安装face-to-face arrangement面向产品生命周期设计design for product`s life cycle, DPLC 名义应力、公称应力nominal stress模块化设计modular design, MD模块式传动系统modular system模幅箱morphology box模糊集fuzzy set模糊评判fuzzy evaluation模数module摩擦friction摩擦角friction angle摩擦力friction force摩擦学设计tribology design, TD摩擦阻力frictional resistance摩擦力矩friction moment摩擦系数coefficient of friction摩擦圆friction circle磨损abrasion ;wear; scratching末端执行器end-effector目标函数objective function耐腐蚀性corrosion resistance耐磨性wear resistance挠性机构mechanism with flexible elements挠性转子flexible rotor内齿轮internal gear内齿圈ring gear内力internal force内圈inner ring能量energy能量指示图viscosity逆时针counterclockwise (or anticlockwise)啮出engaging-out啮合engagement, mesh, gearing啮合点contact points啮合角working pressure angle啮合线line of action啮合线长度length of line of action啮入engaging-in牛头刨床shaper凝固点freezing point; solidifying point扭转应力torsion stress扭矩moment of torque扭簧helical torsion spring诺模图NomogramO 形密封圈密封O ring seal盘形凸轮disk cam盘形转子disk-like rotor抛物线运动parabolic motion疲劳极限fatigue limit疲劳强度fatigue strength偏置式offset偏( 心) 距offset distance偏心率eccentricity ratio偏心质量eccentric mass偏距圆offset circle偏心盘eccentric偏置滚子从动件offset roller follower偏置尖底从动件offset knife-edge follower偏置曲柄滑块机构offset slider-crank mechanism 拼接matching评判与决策evaluation and decision频率frequency平带flat belt平带传动flat belt driving平底从动件flat-face follower平底宽度face width平分线bisector平均应力average stress平均中径mean screw diameter平均速度average velocity平稳balance平稳机balancing machine平稳品质balancing quality平稳平面correcting plane平稳质量balancing mass平稳重counterweight平稳转速balancing speed平面副planar pair, flat pair平面机构planar mechanism平面运动副planar kinematic pair平面连杆机构planar linkage平面凸轮planar cam平面凸轮机构planar cam mechanism平面轴斜齿轮parallel helical gears一般平键parallel key其他常用机构other mechanism in common use起动时期starting period启动力矩starting torque气动机构pneumatic mechanism奇特位置singular position起始啮合点initial contact , beginning of contact气体轴承gas bearing千斤顶jack嵌入键sunk key强迫振动forced vibration切齿深度depth of cut曲柄crank曲柄存在条件Grashoff`s law曲柄导杆机构crank shaper (guide-bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism 曲柄摇杆机构crank-rocker mechanism曲齿锥齿轮spiral bevel gear曲率curvature曲率半径radius of curvature曲面从动件curved-shoe follower曲线拼接curve matching曲线运动curvilinear motion曲轴crank shaft驱动力driving force驱动力矩driving moment (torque)全齿高whole depth权重集weight sets球ball球面滚子convex roller球轴承ball bearing球面副spheric pair球面渐开线spherical involute球面运动spherical motion球销副sphere-pin pair球坐标操作器polar coordinate manipulator燃点spontaneous ignition热平稳heat balance; thermal equilibrium人字齿轮herringbone gear冗余自由度redundant degree of freedom柔轮flexspline柔性冲击flexible impulse; soft shock柔性制造系统flexible manufacturing system; FMS柔性自动化flexible automation润滑油膜lubricant film润滑装置lubrication device润滑lubrication润滑剂lubricant三角形花键serration spline三角形螺纹V thread screw三维凸轮three-dimensional cam三心定理Kennedy`s theorem砂轮越程槽grinding wheel groove砂漏hour-glass少齿差行星传动planetary drive with small teeth difference 设计方法学design methodology设计变量design variable设计约束design constraints深沟球轴承deep groove ball bearing生产阻力productive resistance升程rise升距lift实际廓线cam profile十字滑块联轴器double slider coupling; Oldham‘s coupling 矢量vector输出功output work输出构件output link输出机构output mechanism输出力矩output torque输出轴output shaft输入构件input link数学模型mathematic model实际啮合线actual line of action双滑块机构double-slider mechanism, ellipsograph双曲柄机构double crank mechanism双曲面齿轮hyperboloid gear双头螺柱studs双万向联轴节constant-velocity (or double) universal joint双摇杆机构double rocker mechanism双转块机构Oldham coupling双列轴承double row bearing双向推力轴承double-direction thrust bearing松边slack-side顺时针clockwise瞬心instantaneous center死点dead point四杆机构four-bar linkage速度velocity速度不平均( 波动) 系数coefficient of speed fluctuation 速度波动speed fluctuation速度曲线velocity diagram速度瞬心instantaneous center of velocity塔轮step pulley踏板pedal台钳、虎钳vice太阳轮sun gear弹性滑动elasticity sliding motion弹性联轴器elastic coupling ; flexible coupling弹性套柱销联轴器rubber-cushioned sleeve bearing coupling 套筒sleeve梯形螺纹acme thread form专门运动链special kinematic chain特性characteristics替代机构equivalent mechanism调剂modulation, regulation调心滚子轴承self-aligning roller bearing调心球轴承self-aligning ball bearing调心轴承self-aligning bearing调速speed governing调速电动机adjustable speed motors调速系统speed control system调压调速variable voltage control调速器regulator, governor铁磁流体密封ferrofluid seal停车时期stopping phase停歇dwell同步带synchronous belt同步带传动synchronous belt drive凸的，凸面体convex凸轮cam凸轮倒置机构inverse cam mechanism凸轮机构cam , cam mechanism凸轮廓线cam profile凸轮廓线绘制layout of cam profile凸轮理论廓线pitch curve凸缘联轴器flange coupling图册、图谱atlas图解法graphical method推程rise推力球轴承thrust ball bearing推力轴承thrust bearing退刀槽tool withdrawal groove退火anneal陀螺仪gyroscopeV 带V belt外力external force外圈outer ring外形尺寸boundary dimension万向联轴器Hooks coupling ; universal coupling外齿轮external gear弯曲应力beading stress弯矩bending moment腕部wrist往复移动reciprocating motion往复式密封reciprocating seal网上设计on-net design, OND微动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism位移displacement位移曲线displacement diagram位姿pose , position and orientation稳固运转时期steady motion period稳健设计robust design蜗杆worm蜗杆传动机构worm gearing蜗杆头数number of threads蜗杆直径系数diametral quotient蜗杆蜗轮机构worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构worm cam interval mechanism 蜗杆旋向hands of worm蜗轮worm gear涡圈形盘簧power spring无级变速装置stepless speed changes devices无穷大infinite系杆crank arm, planet carrier现场平稳field balancing向心轴承radial bearing向心力centripetal force /离心力centrifugal force相对速度relative velocity相对运动relative motion相对间隙relative gap象限quadrant橡皮泥plasticine细牙螺纹fine threads销pin消耗consumption小齿轮pinion小径minor diameter橡胶弹簧balata spring修正梯形加速度运动规律modified trapezoidal acceleration motion 修正正弦加速度运动规律modified sine acceleration motion斜齿圆柱齿轮helical gear斜键、钩头楔键taper key泄漏leakage谐波齿轮harmonic gear谐波传动harmonic driving谐波发生器harmonic generator斜齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the helical gear心轴spindle行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数advance-to return-time ratio行星齿轮装置planetary transmission行星轮planet gear行星轮变速装置planetary speed changing devices行星轮系planetary gear train形封闭凸轮机构positive-drive (or form-closed) cam mechanism 虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟现实技术virtual reality technology, VRT虚拟现实设计virtual reality design, VRD虚约束redundant (or passive) constraint许用不平稳量allowable amount of unbalance许用压力角allowable pressure angle许用应力allowable stress; permissible stress悬臂结构cantilever structure悬臂梁cantilever beam循环功率流circulating power load旋转力矩running torque旋转式密封rotating seal旋转运动rotary motion选型type selection压力pressure压力中心center of pressure压缩机compressor压应力compressive stress压力角pressure angle牙嵌式联轴器jaw (teeth) positive-contact coupling雅可比矩阵Jacobi matrix摇杆rocker液力传动hydrodynamic drive液力耦合器hydraulic couplers液体弹簧liquid spring液压无级变速hydraulic stepless speed changes液压机构hydraulic mechanism一样化运动链generalized kinematic chain移动从动件reciprocating follower移动副prismatic pair, sliding pair移动关节prismatic joint移动凸轮wedge cam盈亏功increment or decrement work应力幅stress amplitude应力集中stress concentration应力集中系数factor of stress concentration应力图stress diagram应力—应变图stress-strain diagram优化设计optimal design油杯oil bottle油壶oil can油沟密封oily ditch seal有害阻力useless resistance有益阻力useful resistance有效拉力effective tension有效圆周力effective circle force有害阻力detrimental resistance余弦加速度运动cosine acceleration (or simple harmonic) motion 预紧力preload原动机primer mover圆带round belt圆带传动round belt drive圆弧齿厚circular thickness圆弧圆柱蜗杆hollow flank worm圆角半径fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器disc friction clutch圆盘制动器disc brake原动机prime mover原始机构original mechanism圆形齿轮circular gear圆柱滚子cylindrical roller圆柱滚子轴承cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副cylindric pair圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构barrel (cylindric) cam圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧cylindroid helical-coil extension spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧cylindroid helical-coil compression spring 圆柱凸轮cylindrical cam圆柱蜗杆cylindrical worm圆柱坐标操作器cylindrical coordinate manipulator圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧conoid helical-coil compression spring圆锥滚子tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承tapered roller bearing圆锥齿轮机构bevel gears圆锥角cone angle原动件driving link约束constraint约束条件constraint condition约束反力constraining force跃度jerk跃度曲线jerk diagram运动倒置kinematic inversion运动方案设计kinematic precept design运动分析kinematic analysis运动副kinematic pair运动构件moving link运动简图kinematic sketch运动链kinematic chain运动失真undercutting运动设计kinematic design运动周期cycle of motion运动综合kinematic synthesis运转不平均系数coefficient of velocity fluctuation运动粘度kenematic viscosity载荷load载荷—变形曲线load—deformation curve载荷—变形图load—deformation diagram窄V 带narrow V belt毡圈密封felt ring seal展成法generating张紧力tension张紧轮tension pulley振动vibration振动力矩shaking couple振动频率frequency of vibration振幅amplitude of vibration正切机构tangent mechanism正向运动学direct (forward) kinematics正弦机构sine generator, scotch yoke织布机loom正应力、法向应力normal stress制动器brake直齿圆柱齿轮spur gear直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear直角三角形right triangle直角坐标操作器Cartesian coordinate manipulator 直径系数diametral quotient直径系列diameter series直廓环面蜗杆hindley worm直线运动linear motion直轴straight shaft质量mass质心center of mass执行构件executive link; working link质径积mass-radius product智能化设计intelligent design, ID中间平面mid-plane中心距center distance中心距变动center distance change中心轮central gear中径mean diameter终止啮合点final contact, end of contact周节pitch周期性速度波动periodic speed fluctuation周转轮系epicyclic gear train肘形机构toggle mechanism轴shaft轴承盖bearing cup轴承合金bearing alloy轴承座bearing block轴承高度bearing height轴承宽度bearing width轴承内径bearing bore diameter轴承寿命bearing life轴承套圈bearing ring轴承外径bearing outside diameter轴颈journal轴瓦、轴承衬bearing bush轴端挡圈shaft end ring轴环shaft collar轴肩shaft shoulder轴角shaft angle轴向axial direction轴向齿廓axial tooth profile轴向当量动载荷dynamic equivalent axial load轴向当量静载荷static equivalent axial load轴向差不多额定动载荷basic dynamic axial load rating轴向差不多额定静载荷basic static axial load rating轴向接触轴承axial contact bearing轴向平面axial plane轴向游隙axial internal clearance轴向载荷axial load轴向载荷系数axial load factor轴向分力axial thrust load主动件driving link主动齿轮driving gear主动带轮driving pulley转动导杆机构whitworth mechanism转动副revolute (turning) pair转速swiveling speed ; rotating speed转动关节revolute joint转轴revolving shaft转子rotor转子平稳balance of rotor装配条件assembly condition锥齿轮bevel gear锥顶common apex of cone锥距cone distance锥轮bevel pulley; bevel wheel锥齿轮的当量直齿轮equivalent spur gear of the bevel gear 锥面包络圆柱蜗杆milled helicoids worm准双曲面齿轮hypoid gear子程序subroutine子机构sub-mechanism自动化automation自锁self-locking自锁条件condition of self-locking自由度degree of freedom, mobility总重合度total contact ratio总反力resultant force总效率combined efficiency; overall efficiency组成原理theory of constitution组合齿形composite tooth form组合安装stack mounting组合机构combined mechanism阻抗力resistance最大盈亏功maximum difference work between plus and minus work 纵向重合度overlap contact ratio纵坐标ordinate组合机构combined mechanism最少齿数minimum teeth number最小向径minimum radius作用力applied force坐标系coordinate frame。

计算机英语2022影印版课后单词翻译解析计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页KEYTERMS第一单元digitalveratiledic（DVD）数字多用途光盘digitalvideodic（DVD）数字多用途光盘documentfile文档文件enduer终端用户floppydik软盘informationytem信息系统informationtechnology信息技术inputdevice输入设备Internet因特网Keyboard键盘peronaldigitalaitant（PDA）个人数字助理preentationfile演示文稿primarytorage主存Printer打印机Procedure规程Program程序randomaccememory随机存储器econdarytoragedevice辅存Software 软件wirelerevolution无线革命workheetfile工作表第三单元analyticalgraph分析图计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页applicationoftware应用软件AutocontentWizard内容提示向导baicapplication基础应用软件bulletedlit项目符号列表buineuite商业套装软件Button按键Cell单元格charactereffect字效Chart图表Column列databaemanagementytem(DBMS)数据库管理系统databaemanager数据库管理员Deigntemplate设计模板dialogbo某对话框Document文件Editing编辑Field字段findandreplace查找和替换Font字体fontize字号Form窗体Format格式Formula公式Function函数Gallerie图库grammarchecker语法检查器graphicaluerinterface(GUI)图形用户界面homeoftware家庭软件homeuite家庭套装软件Icon图标preentationgraphic图形演示文稿productivityuite生产力套装软件Query查询Range范围Recalculation重算Record记录relationaldatabae关系型数据Report报表Ribbon功能区、格式栏Row行Sheet工作表Slide幻灯片oftwareuite软件套装Sort排序pecializedapplication专用应用程序pecializeduite专用套装软件peechrecognition语音识别pellingchecker拼写检查器preadheet电子表格ytemoftware系统软件Table表格te某tentry文本输入Theauru[θi:r]分类词汇集计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页Toolbar工具栏uerinterface用户界面utilityuite实用套装软件what-ifanalyi变化分析Window窗口wordproceor文字处理软件wordwrap字回行workbookfile工作簿Workheet工作表第四单元Animation动画artificialintelligence(AI)人工智能artificialreality虚拟现实audioeditingoftware音频编辑软件bitmapimage位图Blog博客Button按键clipart剪辑图Dektoppubliher桌面发布dektoppublihingprogram桌面印刷系统软件drawingprogram绘图程序e某pertytem专家系统Flah动画fuzzylogic模糊逻辑graphicalmap框图graphicuite集成图HTMLeditorHTML编辑器illutrationprogram绘图程序Imageeditor图像编辑器imagegallery图库immerivee某perience沉浸式体验indutrialrobot工业机器人Interactivity交互性knowledgebae知识库knowledge-baedytem知识库系统Link链接pagelayoutprogram页面布局程序perceptionytemrobot感知系统机器人Photoeditor图像编辑器Pi某el[pikl]像素raterimage光栅图像Robot机器人Robotic机器人学tockphotograph照片库toryboard故事版Vector[vekt]矢量vectorillutration矢量图vectorimage矢量图象videoeditingoftware视频编辑软件virtualenvironment虚拟环境virtualreality虚拟现实virtualrealitymodelinglanguage(VRML)虚拟现实建模语言virtualrealitywall虚拟现实墙VR虚拟现实Webauthoring网络编程Webauthoringprogram网络编辑程序Weblog网络日志计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页Webpageeditor网页编辑器第五单元AddPrinterWizard添加打印机向导languagetranlator语言编译器leopard[lepd]雪豹操作系统Linu某MacOSMac操作系统MacOS某Menu菜单Antiviruprogram反病毒程序Backup备份backupprogram备份程序Booting启动、引导coldboot冷启动Dahboardwidget仪表盘Dektop桌面dektopoperatingytem桌面操作系统devicedriver磁盘驱动程序diagnoticprogram诊断程序dialogbo 某对话框DikCleanup磁盘清理DikDefragmenter磁盘碎片整理器Driver驱动器embeddedoperatingytem嵌入式操作系统File文件Folder文件夹Fragmented碎片化graphicaluerinterface(GUI)图形用户界面Help帮助Icon图标Multitaking多任务处理networkoperatingytem(NOS)网络操作系统networkerver网络服务器OneButtonCheckup一键修复operatingytem操作系统Platform平台Pointer指针Sector[ekt]扇区oftwareenvironment软件环境Spotlight聚光灯tand-aloneoperatingytem独立操作系统ytemoftware系统软件Tiger老虎操作系统Track磁道troublehootingprogram故障检修程序Unintallprogram卸载程序UNI某uerinterface用户界面Utility实用程序utilityuite实用套装软件Viru[vair]病毒warmboot热启动Window 视窗Window视窗操作系统WindowUpdateWindow更新计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页WindowVitaWindow某P第六单元ACadapter交流适配器Acceleratedgraphicport(AGP):图形加速端口Arithmetic-logicunit（ALU）:算术逻辑单元Arithmeticoperation:算术运算ASCII美国标准信息交换码Binarycodingcheme:二进制编码制Bit:位Bu:总线Buline:总线Byte:字节Cable:电缆Cachememory:高速缓存carrierpackage封装物Centralproceingunit(CPU):中央处理器Chip:芯片Dektopytemunit:桌面系统单元Digital数字的Dual-corechip双核芯片EBCDIC:扩展二进制编码的十进制交换码E某panionbu扩展总线E某panioncard扩展卡E某panionlot扩展槽FireWireport:火线接口Flahmemory闪存Graphiccard图形适配卡Indutrytandardarchitecture（ISA）工业标准结构InfraredDataAociation（IrDA）红外线传输模组Muicalintrumentdigitalinterface（MIDI）乐器数字接口Networkadaptercard网络适配卡Networkinterfacecard（NIC）网络接口卡Notebookytemunit:笔记本Parallelport:并行端口Parallelproceing并行处理Pccard::个人计算机插卡PCIE某pre（PCIe）Peronaldigitalaitant(PDA)个人数字助理计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页Plugandplay:即插即用Port:端口Powerupplyunit供电设备Proceor:处理器RAMcache:RAM高速缓存Random-accememory(RAM):随机存储器Read-onlymemory(ROM):只读存储器erialATA（SATA）串行ATA接口规范Serialport:串行端口Siliconchip:硅芯片Slot:插槽Smartcard:智能卡oundcard声卡Sytemboard:系统板Sytemcabinet:主机Sytemclock:系统时钟Sytemunit:系统单元tabletPC平板式电脑tabletPCytemunit平板式电脑系统单元TVtunercard:电视调频卡Unicode:统一字符编码标准Univeralerialbu(USB):通用串行总线Univeralerialbu(USB)port:通用串行总线端口Virtualmemory:虚拟存储器Word:字第七单元active-matri某monitor有源矩阵显示器barcode条形码barcodereader条形码阅读器cathoderaytubemonitor(CRT)阴极射线管显示器Clarity清晰度Digitalmediaplayer数字媒体播放器Digitalmuicplayer数码音乐播放器digitalvideocamera数码影像摄录机dotpitch点距dot-matri某printer针式打印机dot-per-inch(dpi)点每英寸dual-canmonitor双向扫描显示器dumbterminal哑终端e-book电子图书阅读器ergonomickeyboard人体工程学键盘Fa某machine传真机flat-panelmonitor平面显示器Flatbedcanner平板扫描仪fle某iblekeyboard可变形键盘handwritingrecognitionoftware手写识别软件Headphone耳机high-definitionteleviion(HDTV)高清电视计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页laerprinter激光打印机lightpen光笔Liquidcrytaldiplay（LCD）液晶显示器Magneticcardreader磁卡阅读器magnetic-inkcharacterrecognition(MICR)磁性墨水字符识别mechanicalmoue机械鼠标Monitor显示器Moue鼠标mouepointer鼠标指针multifunctiondevice(MFD)多功能设备networkterminal网络终端numerickeypad数字小键盘optical-characterrecognition(OCR)光学字符识别optical-markrecognition(OMR)光学标记识别opticalmoue光电鼠标Opticalcanner光电扫描仪paive-matri某monitor无源矩阵显示器PDAkeyboardPDA键盘peronallaerprinter个人激光打印机photoprinter照片打印机pictureelement有效像素Pi某el像素Pi某elpitch像素间距platformcanner平版式扫描仪Plotter绘图仪pointingtick触控点portableprinter便携式打印机portablecanner便携式扫描仪Printer打印机Radiofrequencycardreader射频卡阅读器Radiofrequencyidentification（RFID）射频识别refrehrate刷新率Reolution分辨率rollerball 滚动球haredlaerprinter共享激光打印机Speaker扬声器Stylu[tail]输入笔thermalprinter[θ:ml]热敏打印机thinclient瘦客户端thinfilmtranitormonitor(TFT)薄膜晶体管显示器togglekey[tɡl]切换键touchpad触控板touchcreen触摸屏Trackball轨迹球traditionalkeyboard传统键盘UniveralProductCode(UPC)同一产品编码wandreader棒式阅读器WebCam摄像头计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页wheelbutton滚动键wirelekeyboard无线键盘wirelemoue无线鼠标第八单元Cylinder[ilind]柱面Denity密度directacce直接存取dikcaching磁盘缓存DVD(digitalveratiledicordigitalvideodic)DVDplayerDVD播放器DVD-R(DVDrecordable)可录式DVDDVD+R(DVDrecordable)可录式DVDDVD-RAM(DVDrandom-accememory)DVD随机存取器DVD-ROM(DVDrandom-read-onlymemory)DVD只读存储器DVD-ROMjukebo某DVD-RW(DVDrewritable)可重写DVDEnterprietorageytem企业存储系统Floppydikcartridge软盘盒floppydikdrive(FDD)软磁盘驱动器harddik硬盘hard-dikcartridge硬盘盒hard-dikpack硬盘组HDDVD(high-definitionDVD)高清DVDopticaldikdrive光盘驱动器OrganizationalInternettorage组织性网络存储PCCardharddikPC卡硬盘Pit坑primarytorage主存RAIDytem磁碟阵列系统计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页Redundantarrayofine某peniveclient/ervernetworkytem客户/服dik(RAID)廉价磁盘冗余阵列econdarytorage辅存Sector扇区equentialacce顺序存取Shutter滑盖Softwareengineer软件工程师olid-tatetorage固态存储器toragedevice存储装置tapecartridge盒式带Track轨道USBdriveUSB驱动器write-protectionnotch写入保护缺口第九单元3Gcellularnetworkanalogignal模拟信号aymmetricdigitalubcriber（ADSL）非对称数字用户线路Backbone 中枢Bandwidth带宽baetation基址bitperecond位/秒Bluetooth蓝牙Broadband宽带broadcatradio无线广播Bu总线bunetwork总线网络cablemodem电缆调制解调器cellularervice无线服务Client客户务网络系统digitalubcriberline(DSL)数字用户线路ditributeddataproceing分布式数据处理系统ditributedproceing分布处理domainnameerver(DNS)域名服务Ethernet以太网e某ternalmodem外置调制解调器E某tranet外联网fiber-opticcable光纤电缆Firewall防火墙globalpoitioningytem(GPS)全球卫星定位系统internalmodem内置式调制解调器Intranet内联网IPaddre(InternetProtocoladdre)IP地址localareanetwork(LAN)局域网lowbandwidth低频带宽计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页mediumband中频波段metropolitanareanetwork(MAN)城域网Microwave微波Modem调制解调器Modulation调制networkadminitrator网络管理员networkarchitecture网络体系结构networkgateway网关networkhub网络集线器networkinterfacecard(NIC)网络接口卡networkoperatingytem(NOS)网络操作系统Node节点Packet数据包PCcardmodemPC卡调制解调器peer-to-peernetworkytem对等网络系统Polling轮流检测Protocol协议pro某yerver代理服务器ringnetwork环型网络Satellite卫星atellite/airconnectionervice卫星互连服务Server服务器(tranmiioncontrolprotocol/Internetprotocol)传输控制协议/因特网协议voiceband 声音带宽wideareanetwork(WAN)广域网Wi-FI(wirelefidelity)无限保真wireleLAN(WLAN)无线局域网wirelemodem无线调制解调器wirelereceiver无线接收器。

人工智能英汉Aβα-Pruning, βα-剪枝, (2) Acceleration Coefficient, 加速系数, (8) Activation Function, 激活函数, (4) Adaptive Linear Neuron, 自适应线性神经元,(4)Adenine, 腺嘌呤, (11)Agent, 智能体, (6)Agent Communication Language, 智能体通信语言, (11)Agent-Oriented Programming, 面向智能体的程序设计, (6)Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering, 凝聚层次聚类, (5)Analogism, 类比推理, (5)And/Or Graph, 与或图, (2)Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), 蚁群优化算法, (8)Ant Colony System (ACS), 蚁群系统, (8) Ant-Cycle Model, 蚁周模型, (8)Ant-Density Model, 蚁密模型, (8)Ant-Quantity Model, 蚁量模型, (8)Ant Systems, 蚂蚁系统, (8)Applied Artificial Intelligence, 应用人工智能, (1)Approximate Nondeterministic Tree Search (ANTS), 近似非确定树搜索, (8) Artificial Ant, 人工蚂蚁, (8)Artificial Intelligence (AI), 人工智能, (1) Artificial Neural Network (ANN), 人工神经网络, (1), (3)Artificial Neural System, 人工神经系统，(3) Artificial Neuron, 人工神经元, (3) Associative Memory, 联想记忆, (4) Asynchronous Mode, 异步模式, (4) Attractor, 吸引子, (4)Automatic Theorem Proving, 自动定理证明,(1)Automatic Programming, 自动程序设计, (1) Average Reward, 平均收益, (6) Axon, 轴突, (4)Axon Hillock, 轴突丘, (4)BBackward Chain Reasoning, 逆向推理, (3) Bayesian Belief Network, 贝叶斯信念网, (5) Bayesian Decision, 贝叶斯决策, (3) Bayesian Learning, 贝叶斯学习, (5) Bayesian Network贝叶斯网, (5)Bayesian Rule, 贝叶斯规则, (3)Bayesian Statistics, 贝叶斯统计学, (3) Biconditional, 双条件, (3)Bi-Directional Reasoning, 双向推理, (3) Biological Neuron, 生物神经元, (4) Biological Neural System, 生物神经系统, (4) Blackboard System, 黑板系统, (8)Blind Search, 盲目搜索, (2)Boltzmann Machine, 波尔兹曼机, (3) Boltzmann-Gibbs Distribution, 波尔兹曼-吉布斯分布, (3)Bottom-Up, 自下而上, (4)Building Block Hypotheses, 构造块假说, (7) CCell Body, 细胞体, (3)Cell Membrane, 细胞膜, (3)Cell Nucleus, 细胞核, (3)Certainty Factor, 可信度, (3)Child Machine, 婴儿机器, (1)Chinese Room, 中文屋, (1) Chromosome, 染色体, (6)Class-conditional Probability, 类条件概率,(3), (5)Classifier System, 分类系统, (6)Clause, 子句, (3)Cluster, 簇, (5)Clustering Analysis, 聚类分析, (5) Cognitive Science, 认知科学, (1) Combination Function, 整合函数, (4) Combinatorial Optimization, 组合优化, (2) Competitive Learning, 竞争学习, (4) Complementary Base, 互补碱基, (11) Computer Games, 计算机博弈, (1) Computer Vision, 计算机视觉, (1)Conflict Resolution, 冲突消解, (3) Conjunction, 合取, (3)Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF), 合取范式,(3)Collapse, 坍缩, (11)Connectionism, 连接主义, (3) Connective, 连接词, (3)Content Addressable Memory, 联想记忆, (4) Control Policy, 控制策略, (6)Crossover, 交叉, (7)Cytosine, 胞嘧啶, (11)DData Mining, 数据挖掘, (1)Decision Tree, 决策树, (5) Decoherence, 消相干, (11)Deduction, 演绎, (3)Default Reasoning, 默认推理（缺省推理）,(3)Defining Length, 定义长度, (7)Rule (Delta Rule), 德尔塔规则, 18(3) Deliberative Agent, 慎思型智能体, (6) Dempster-Shafer Theory, 证据理论, (3) Dendrites, 树突, (4)Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), 脱氧核糖核酸, (6), (11)Disjunction, 析取, (3)Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI), 分布式人工智能, (1)Distributed Expert Systems, 分布式专家系统,(9)Divisive Hierarchical Clustering, 分裂层次聚类, (5)DNA Computer, DNA计算机, (11)DNA Computing, DNA计算, (11) Discounted Cumulative Reward, 累计折扣收益, (6)Domain Expert, 领域专家, (10) Dominance Operation, 显性操作, (7) Double Helix, 双螺旋结构, (11)Dynamical Network, 动态网络, (3)E8-Puzzle Problem, 八数码问题, (2) Eletro-Optical Hybrid Computer, 光电混合机, (11)Elitist strategy for ant systems (EAS), 精化蚂蚁系统, (8)Energy Function, 能量函数, (3) Entailment, 永真蕴含, (3) Entanglement, 纠缠, (11)Entropy, 熵, (5)Equivalence, 等价式, (3)Error Back-Propagation, 误差反向传播, (4) Evaluation Function, 评估函数, (6) Evidence Theory, 证据理论, (3) Evolution, 进化, (7)Evolution Strategies (ES), 进化策略, (7) Evolutionary Algorithms (EA), 进化算法, (7) Evolutionary Computation (EC), 进化计算,(7)Evolutionary Programming (EP), 进化规划,(7)Existential Quantification, 存在量词, (3) Expert System, 专家系统, (1)Expert System Shell, 专家系统外壳, (9) Explanation-Based Learning, 解释学习, (5) Explanation Facility, 解释机构, (9)FFactoring, 因子分解, (11)Feedback Network, 反馈型网络, (4) Feedforward Network, 前馈型网络, (1) Feasible Solution, 可行解, (2)Finite Horizon Reward, 横向有限收益, (6) First-order Logic, 一阶谓词逻辑, (3) Fitness, 适应度, (7)Forward Chain Reasoning, 正向推理, (3) Frame Problem, 框架问题, (1)Framework Theory, 框架理论, (3)Free-Space Optical Interconnect, 自由空间光互连, (11)Fuzziness, 模糊性, (3)Fuzzy Logic, 模糊逻辑, (3)Fuzzy Reasoning, 模糊推理, (3)Fuzzy Relation, 模糊关系, (3)Fuzzy Set, 模糊集, (3)GGame Theory, 博弈论, (8)Gene, 基因, (7)Generation, 代, (6)Genetic Algorithms, 遗传算法, (7)Genetic Programming, 遗传规划（遗传编程）,(7)Global Search, 全局搜索, (2)Gradient Descent, 梯度下降, (4)Graph Search, 图搜索, (2)Group Rationality, 群体理性, (8) Guanine, 鸟嘌呤, (11)HHanoi Problem, 梵塔问题, (2)Hebbrian Learning, 赫伯学习, (4)Heuristic Information, 启发式信息, (2) Heuristic Search, 启发式搜索, (2)Hidden Layer, 隐含层, (4)Hierarchical Clustering, 层次聚类, (5) Holographic Memory, 全息存储, (11) Hopfield Network, 霍普菲尔德网络, (4) Hybrid Agent, 混合型智能体, (6)Hype-Cube Framework, 超立方体框架, (8)IImplication, 蕴含, (3)Implicit Parallelism, 隐并行性, (7) Individual, 个体, (6)Individual Rationality, 个体理性, (8) Induction, 归纳, (3)Inductive Learning, 归纳学习, (5) Inference Engine, 推理机, (9)Information Gain, 信息增益, (3)Input Layer, 输入层, (4)Interpolation, 插值, (4)Intelligence, 智能, (1)Intelligent Control, 智能控制, (1) Intelligent Decision Supporting System (IDSS), 智能决策支持系统，(1) Inversion Operation, 倒位操作, (7)JJoint Probability Distribution, 联合概率分布,(5) KK-means, K-均值, (5)K-medoids, K-中心点, (3)Knowledge, 知识, (3)Knowledge Acquisition, 知识获取, (9) Knowledge Base, 知识库, (9)Knowledge Discovery, 知识发现, (1) Knowledge Engineering, 知识工程, (1) Knowledge Engineer, 知识工程师, (9) Knowledge Engineering Language, 知识工程语言, (9)Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF), 知识交换格式, (8)Knowledge Query and ManipulationLanguage (KQML), 知识查询与操纵语言，(8)Knowledge Representation, 知识表示, (3)LLearning, 学习, (3)Learning by Analog, 类比学习, (5) Learning Factor, 学习因子, (8)Learning from Instruction, 指导式学习, (5) Learning Rate, 学习率, (6)Least Mean Squared (LSM), 最小均方误差,(4)Linear Function, 线性函数, (3)List Processing Language (LISP), 表处理语言, (10)Literal, 文字, (3)Local Search, 局部搜索, (2)Logic, 逻辑, (3)Lyapunov Theorem, 李亚普罗夫定理, (4) Lyapunov Function, 李亚普罗夫函数, (4)MMachine Learning, 机器学习, (1), (5) Markov Decision Process (MDP), 马尔科夫决策过程, (6)Markov Chain Model, 马尔科夫链模型, (7) Maximum A Posteriori (MAP), 极大后验概率估计, (5)Maxmin Search, 极大极小搜索, (2)MAX-MIN Ant Systems (MMAS), 最大最小蚂蚁系统, (8)Membership, 隶属度, (3)Membership Function, 隶属函数, (3) Metaheuristic Search, 元启发式搜索, (2) Metagame Theory, 元博弈理论, (8) Mexican Hat Function, 墨西哥草帽函数, (4) Migration Operation, 迁移操作, (7) Minimum Description Length (MDL), 最小描述长度, (5)Minimum Squared Error (MSE), 最小二乘法,(4)Mobile Agent, 移动智能体, (6)Model-based Methods, 基于模型的方法, (6) Model-free Methods, 模型无关方法, (6) Modern Heuristic Search, 现代启发式搜索,(2)Monotonic Reasoning, 单调推理, (3)Most General Unification (MGU), 最一般合一, (3)Multi-Agent Systems, 多智能体系统, (8) Multi-Layer Perceptron, 多层感知器, (4) Mutation, 突变, (6)Myelin Sheath, 髓鞘, (4)(μ+1)-ES, (μ+1) -进化规划, (7)(μ+λ)-ES, (μ+λ) -进化规划, (7) (μ,λ)-ES, (μ,λ) -进化规划, (7)NNaïve Bayesian Classifiers, 朴素贝叶斯分类器, (5)Natural Deduction, 自然演绎推理, (3) Natural Language Processing, 自然语言处理,(1)Negation, 否定, (3)Network Architecture, 网络结构, (6)Neural Cell, 神经细胞, (4)Neural Optimization, 神经优化, (4) Neuron, 神经元, (4)Neuron Computing, 神经计算, (4)Neuron Computation, 神经计算, (4)Neuron Computer, 神经计算机, (4) Niche Operation, 生态操作, (7) Nitrogenous base, 碱基, (11)Non-Linear Dynamical System, 非线性动力系统, (4)Non-Monotonic Reasoning, 非单调推理, (3) Nouvelle Artificial Intelligence, 行为智能,(6)OOccam’s Razor, 奥坎姆剃刀, (5)(1+1)-ES, (1+1) -进化规划, (7)Optical Computation, 光计算, (11)Optical Computing, 光计算, (11)Optical Computer, 光计算机, (11)Optical Fiber, 光纤, (11)Optical Waveguide, 光波导, (11)Optical Interconnect, 光互连, (11) Optimization, 优化, (2)Optimal Solution, 最优解, (2)Orthogonal Sum, 正交和, (3)Output Layer, 输出层, (4)Outer Product, 外积法, 23(4)PPanmictic Recombination, 混杂重组, (7) Particle, 粒子, (8)Particle Swarm, 粒子群, (8)Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), 粒子群优化算法, (8)Partition Clustering, 划分聚类, (5) Partitioning Around Medoids, K-中心点, (3) Pattern Recognition, 模式识别, (1) Perceptron, 感知器, (4)Pheromone, 信息素, (8)Physical Symbol System Hypothesis, 物理符号系统假设, (1)Plausibility Function, 不可驳斥函数（似然函数）, (3)Population, 物种群体, (6)Posterior Probability, 后验概率, (3)Priori Probability, 先验概率, (3), (5) Probability, 随机性, (3)Probabilistic Reasoning, 概率推理, (3) Probability Assignment Function, 概率分配函数, (3)Problem Solving, 问题求解, (2)Problem Reduction, 问题归约, (2)Problem Decomposition, 问题分解, (2) Problem Transformation, 问题变换, (2) Product Rule, 产生式规则, (3)Product System, 产生式系统, (3) Programming in Logic (PROLOG), 逻辑编程, (10)Proposition, 命题, (3)Propositional Logic, 命题逻辑, (3)Pure Optical Computer, 全光计算机, (11)QQ-Function, Q-函数, (6)Q-learning, Q-学习, (6)Quantifier, 量词, (3)Quantum Circuit, 量子电路, (11)Quantum Fourier Transform, 量子傅立叶变换, (11)Quantum Gate, 量子门, (11)Quantum Mechanics, 量子力学, (11) Quantum Parallelism, 量子并行性, (11) Qubit, 量子比特, (11)RRadial Basis Function (RBF), 径向基函数,(4)Rank based ant systems (ASrank), 基于排列的蚂蚁系统, (8)Reactive Agent, 反应型智能体, (6) Recombination, 重组, (6)Recurrent Network, 循环网络, (3) Reinforcement Learning, 强化学习, (3) Resolution, 归结, (3)Resolution Proof, 归结反演, (3) Resolution Strategy, 归结策略, (3) Reasoning, 推理, (3)Reward Function, 奖励函数, (6) Robotics, 机器人学, (1)Rote Learning, 机械式学习, (5)SSchema Theorem, 模板定理, (6) Search, 搜索, (2)Selection, 选择, (7)Self-organizing Maps, 自组织特征映射, (4) Semantic Network, 语义网络, (3)Sexual Differentiation, 性别区分, (7) Shor’s algorithm, 绍尔算法, (11)Sigmoid Function, Sigmoid 函数（S型函数）,(4)Signal Function, 信号函数, (3)Situated Artificial Intelligence, 现场式人工智能, (1)Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), 空间光调制器, (11)Speech Act Theory, 言语行为理论, (8) Stable State, 稳定状态, (4)Stability Analysis, 稳定性分析, (4)State Space, 状态空间, (2)State Transfer Function, 状态转移函数,(6)Substitution, 置换, (3)Stochastic Learning, 随机型学习, (4) Strong Artificial Intelligence (AI), 强人工智能, (1)Subsumption Architecture, 包容结构, (6) Superposition, 叠加, (11)Supervised Learning, 监督学习, (4), (5) Swarm Intelligence, 群智能, (8)Symbolic Artificial Intelligence (AI), 符号式人工智能（符号主义）, (3) Synapse, 突触, (4)Synaptic Terminals, 突触末梢, (4) Synchronous Mode, 同步模式, (4)TThreshold, 阈值, (4)Threshold Function, 阈值函数, (4) Thymine, 胸腺嘧啶, (11)Topological Structure, 拓扑结构, (4)Top-Down, 自上而下, (4)Transfer Function, 转移函数, (4)Travel Salesman Problem, 旅行商问题, (4) Turing Test, 图灵测试, (1)UUncertain Reasoning, 不确定性推理, (3)Uncertainty, 不确定性, (3)Unification, 合一, (3)Universal Quantification, 全称量词, (4) Unsupervised Learning, 非监督学习, (4), (5)WWeak Artificial Intelligence (Weak AI), 弱人工智能, (1)Weight, 权值, (4)Widrow-Hoff Rule, 维德诺-霍夫规则, (4)。

此外常用的还有：4 、ER MapperER Mapper 在142 个国家的用户使用着，全球有514 家销售商提供支持，是世界上最流行的桌面集成化图像处理软件。

使用广泛的图像使用强大的ER Mapper 智能，你可以轻松地将你的图像数据用一个无缝的镶嵌集成起来。

建立ER Mapper 聪明的数据算法提高图像质量，不需要临时的磁盘文件体验实时的处理。

采用压缩智能达到25 ：1 的压缩比，使图像更易管理。

最好的是可以利用免费的ER Mapper 图像插件，与GIS 和Microsoft Office 用户共享你的图像和数据算法，插件支持Autodesk World, AutoCAD Map, ArcView 3.1, MapInfo, 以及OLE 程序，如Microsoft Word, Excel, Power Point. 用二维和三维展示你的工作使用ER Mapper 实时地对二维和三维的各种大小的图像进行漫游和缩放。

不需等待，不会混乱。

直接读取普通的图像格式，快速地开始工作。

在你的设计里将图像，向量图形，GIS 和表格组合成统一的视觉形象。

使用强大的全新的集成工具使用功能强大的衔接的集成工具，快速地将图像集成于你的应用流程中。

轻松操作正色摄影智能，图像显示和镶嵌智能，航片平衡智能和压缩智能，提供一个完全的集成方案。

提高你的工程成果需要突出显示火灾危险吗？要寻找新的城市发展吗？要完成一次环境影响的研究吗？要对重要地区更仔细的探测吗？使用功能强大的增效工具，如分类，FFT ，轮廓，从你的图像中提取出最多的信息。

生产成品质量的地图使用拖拽的地图产生工具建立成品质量的地图，并且采用自带的PostScript 兼容引擎输出生成极好的二维/ 三维效果的地图。

与GIS 和其它系统动态联接生成完整的表现，另外还有其它生产工具，如交互的轮廓生成，光栅图像和向量图形的转换。

使用免费的ER Mapper 评估版CD-ROM ，你会自己发现为什么ER Mapper 通过GIS 领域严格的比较后被评为图像处理产品的第一名5 、IDRISI Kilimanjaro 系统自从1987 年第一版IDRISI 软件诞生以来，克拉克实验室（Clark Lab ）已经成功开发了14 个版本的IDRISI 软件。

风速及风电功率预测研究综述段学伟;王瑞琪;王昭鑫;郎澄宇;孙树敏;赵鹏;郑伟【摘要】随着风力发电功率占比日益提高,风电功率的波动对电网安全运行的影响日益加剧.加大电网的旋转备用容量能够解决风电场出力波动的问题,但直接增加了电网运行成本.因此,对于含大规模风电接入的电网,风速及风电功率的准确预测对保证系统安全稳定运行、降低风电消纳成本有着至关重要的作用.在综合分析大量国内外文献资料的基础上,对风速及风电功率预测方法的研究现状进综述,总结常用预测算法的优缺点,给出风速及风电功率预测误差的评价指标体系,并对风速及风电功率预测的发展前景进行展望.【期刊名称】《山东电力技术》【年(卷),期】2015(042)007【总页数】7页(P26-32)【关键词】风速;风电功率;预测;物理方法;统计方法;误差【作者】段学伟;王瑞琪;王昭鑫;郎澄宇;孙树敏;赵鹏;郑伟【作者单位】国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院,济南250002;山东省特高压输变电技术与装备重点实验室(山东大学),济南250061;国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院,济南250002;国网山东省电力公司,济南 250001;国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院,济南250002;国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院,济南250002;国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院,济南250002;山东中实易通集团有限公司,济南250002【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TM72风电开发利用已经有了相当长的历史，在现代能源结构中占据着非常重要的位置。

2013年之前，世界风电发展迅速，装机容量由2003年的39.9 GW增长至2013年的319.9 GW，年均增幅约23.14%，其中美国、中国、印度等国家发展尤为迅速。

到2014年，全球风电新增装机容量达到51.48 GW；中国风电新增装机容量23.35 GW，同比上升45.1%，总装机容量高达115 GW，位居世界装机容量第一［1］。

t r a n s i s t o r n.晶体管diode n.二极管semiconductor n 半导体resistor n 电阻器capacitor n 电容器alternating adj 交互的amplifier n 扩音器,放大器integrated circuit 集成电路linear time invariant systems 线性时不变系统voltage n 电压,伏特数tolerance n 公差；宽容；容忍condenser n 电容器；冷凝器dielectric n 绝缘体；电解质electromagnetic adj 电磁的deflection n偏斜；偏转；偏差linear device 线性器件the insulation resistance 绝缘电阻anode n 阳极,正极cathode n 阴极breakdown n 故障；崩溃terminal n 终点站；终端,接线端emitter n 发射器collect v 收集,集聚,集中oscilloscope 示波镜；示波器gain 增益,放大倍数forward biased 正向偏置reverse biased 反向偏置P-N junction PN结MOSmetal-oxide semiconductor 金属氧化物半导体enhancement and exhausted 增强型和耗尽型integrated circuits 集成电路analog n 模拟digital adj 数字的,数位的horizontal adj, 水平的,地平线的vertical adj 垂直的,顶点的amplitude n 振幅,广阔,丰富attenuation 衰减；变薄；稀薄化multimeter 万用表frequency 频率,周率the cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管dual-trace oscilloscope 双踪示波器signal generating device 信号发生器peak-to-peak output voltage 输出电压峰峰值sine wave 正弦波triangle wave 三角波square wave 方波amplifier 放大器,扩音器oscillator 振荡器feedback 反馈,回应phase 相,阶段,状态filter 滤波器,过滤器rectifier 整流器；纠正者band-stop filter 带阻滤波器band-pass filter 带通滤波器decimal adj 十进制的,小数的hexadecimal adj/n十六进制的binary adj 二进制的；二元的octal adj 八进制的domain n 域；领域code n代码,密码,编码v编码the Fourier transform 傅里叶变换Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅里叶变换microcontroller n 微处理器；微控制器assembly language instructions n 汇编语言指令chip n 芯片,碎片modular adj 模块化的；模数的sensor n 传感器plug vt堵,塞,插上n塞子,插头,插销coaxial adj 同轴的,共轴的fiber n 光纤relay contact 继电接触器single instruction programmer 单指令编程器dedicated manufactures programming unit 专供制造厂用的编程单元beam n 光线的束,柱,梁polarize v使偏振,使极化Cathode Ray TubeCRT 阴极射线管neuron n神经元；神经细胞fuzzy adj 模糊的Artificial Intelligence Shell 人工智能外壳程序Expert Systems 专家系统Artificial Intelligence 人工智能Perceptive Systems 感知系统neural network 神经网络fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑intelligent agent 智能代理electromagnetic adj 电磁的coaxial adj 同轴的,共轴的microwave n 微波charge v充电,使充电insulator n 绝缘体,绝缘物nonconductive adj非导体的,绝缘的antenna n天线；触角modeling n建模,造型simulation n 仿真；模拟prototype n 原型array n 排队,编队vector n 向量,矢量wavelet n 微波,小浪sine 正弦 cosine 余弦inverse adj倒转的,反转的n反面；相反v倒转high-performance 高精确性,高性能two-dimensional 二维的；缺乏深度的three-dimensional 三维的；立体的；真实的object-oriented programming面向对象的程序设计spectral adj 光谱的attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀释distortion n 失真,扭曲,变形wavelength n 波长refractive adj 折射的ATM 异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer ModeADSL非对称用户数字线Asymmetric digitalsubscriber lineVDSL甚高速数字用户线very high data rate digitalsubscriber lineHDSL高速数据用户线 high rate digital subscriberlineFDMA频分多址Frequency Division Multiple AccessTDMA时分多址Time Division Multiple AccessCDMA同步码分多址方式Code Division MultipleAccessWCDMA宽带码分多址移动通信系统Wideband CodeDivision Multiple AccessTD-SCDMATime Division Synchronous Code DivisionMultiple Access时分同步码分多址SDLCsynchronous data link control同步数据链路控制HDLChigh-level data link control高级数据链路控制IP/TCPinternet protocol /transfer ControlProtocol网络传输控制协议ITU International Telecommunication Union国际电信联盟ISO国际标准化组织International StandardizationOrganization；OSI开放式系统互联参考模型Open SystemInterconnectGSM全球移动通信系统Global System for MobileCommunicationsGPRS通用分组无线业务General Packet Radio ServiceFDDfrequency division duplex频分双工TDDtime division duplex时分双工VPI虚路径标识符Virtual Path Identifier；ISDNIntegrated Services Digital Network综合业务数字网IDN综合数字网integrated digital networkHDTV high definition television高清晰度电视DCTDiscrete Cosine Transform离散余弦变换VCIvirtual circuit address虚通路标识MAN城域网Metropolitan area networksLAN局域网local area networkWAN广域网wide area network同步时分复用STDM Synchronous Time DivisionMultiplexing统计时分复用STDM Statistical Time DivisionMultiplexing单工传输simplex transmission半双工传输half-duplex transmission全双工传输full-duplex transmission交换矩阵Switching Matrix电路交换 circuit switching分组交换packet switching报文交换message switching奇偶校验parity checking循环冗余校验CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check虚过滤Virtual filter数字滤波digital filtering伪随机比特Quasi Random Bit带宽分配 Bandwidth allocation信源information source信宿destination数字化digitalize数字传输技术Digital transmission technology灰度图像Grey scale images灰度级Grey scale level幅度谱Magnitude spectrum相位谱Phase spectrum频谱frequency spectrum智能设备Smart Device软切换Soft handover硬切换 Hard Handover相干检测Coherent detection边缘检测Edge detection冲突检测collision detection业务集合service integration业务分离/综合service separation/ integration网络集合network integration环形网Ring networks令牌环网Token Ring network网络终端Network Terminal用户终端user terminal用户电路line circuit电路利用率channel utilization通道利用率相关性coherence相干解调coherent demodulation数字图像压缩digital image compression图像编码image encoding有损/无损压缩lossy/lossless compression解压decompression呼叫控制Call Control误差控制error control存储程序控制stored program control存储转发方式store-and-forward manner语音\视频传输voice\video transmission视频点播video-on-demandVOD会议电视Video Conference有线电视cable television量化quantization吞吐量throughput话务量traffic多径分集Multipath diversity多媒体通信MDM Multimedia Communication多址干扰Multiple Access Interference人机交互man machine interface交互式会话Conversational interaction路由算法Routing Algorithm目标识别Object recognition话音变换Voice transform中继线trunk line传输时延transmission delay远程监控remote monitoring光链路optical link拓扑结构Topology均方根root mean squarewhatsoever=whatever 0switchboard 交换台bipolar 电子双极的premise 复房屋,前提cursor 计算机尺的游标,指导的elapse 时间经过,消失vaporize 使蒸发subsystem 系统的分部,子系统,辅助系统metallic 像金属的,含金属的,声音刺耳的dispatch 迅速派遣,急件consensus 意见一致,同意deadline 最后期限,截止时间tomographic X线体层摄像的alas 唉,哎呀cluster 把…集成一束,一组,一簇,一串,一群encyclopedia 百科全书millionfold 百万倍的semiconductor 半导体radius 半径范围,半径,径向射线half-duplex transmission 半双工传输accompaniment 伴随物,附属物reservation 保留,预定quotation 报价单,行情报告,引语memorandum 备忘录redundancy 备用be viewed as 被看作…be regards as 被认为是as such 本身；照此；以这种资格textual 本文的,正文的verge 边界variation 变化,变量conversion 变化,转化identity 标识；标志criterion 标准,准则in parallel on 并联到,合并到juxtapose 并置,并列dialing pulse 拨号脉冲wave-guide 波导wavelength division multiplexed 波分复用baud rate 波特率playback 播放录音带,唱片no greater than 不大于update 不断改进,使…适合新的要求,更新asymmetric 不对称的irrespective 不考虑的,不顾的inevitably 不可避免的inevitable 不可避免的,不可逃避的,必定的segment 部分abrasion 擦伤,磨损deploy 采用,利用,推广应用take the form of 采用…的形式parameter 参数,参量layer 层dope 掺杂FETfield effect transistors 场效应管audio recording 唱片ultra-high-frequencyUHF 超高频in excess of 超过in excess of 超过hypertext 超文本ingredient 成分,因素ingredient 成分,组成部分,要素metropolitan-area networkWAN 城域网metropolitan area networkWAN 城域网,城市网络congestion 充满,拥挤,阻塞collision 冲突extractive 抽出；释放出extract 抽取,取出,分离lease 出租,租约,租界期限,租界物pass on 传递,切换transmission 传输facsimile 传真innovative=innovatory 创新的,富有革新精神的track 磁道impetus 促进,激励cluster 簇stored-program controlSPC 存储程序控制a large number of 大量的peal 大声响,发出supersede 代替supplant 代替,取代out-of-band signaling 带外信号simplex transmission 单工传输monochromatic 单色的,单色光的,黑白的ballistic 弹道的,射击的,冲击的conductor 导体hierarchy 等级制度,层次infrastructure 底层结构,基础结构geographic 地理的,地区的geographically 地理上GISground instrumentation system 地面测量系统ground station 地面站earth orbit 地球轨道extraterrestrial 地球外的,地球大气圈外的Land-sat 地球资源卫星rug 地毯,毯子ignite 点火,点燃,使兴奋electromagnetic 电磁的inductive 电感arc 电弧telephony 学,通话dielectric 电介质,绝缘材料；电解质的,绝缘的capacitor 电容telecommunication 电信,无线电通讯scenario 电影剧本,方案modem pool 调制解调器存储池superimposing 叠加,重叠pin 钉住,扣住,抓住customize 定做,定制monolithic 独立的,完全统一的aluminize 镀铝strategic 对全局有重要意义的,战略的substantial 多的,大的,实际上的multi-path fading 多径衰落multi-path 多路,多途径；多路的,多途径的multi-access 多路存取,多路进入multiplex 多路复用multiplex 多路复用的degradation 恶化,降级dioxide 二氧化碳LEDlight-emitting-diode 发光二极管evolution 发展,展开,渐进feedback 反馈,回授dimension 范围,方向,维,元scenario 方案scenario 方案,电影剧本amplifer 放大器noninvasive 非侵略的,非侵害的tariff 费率,关税率；对…征税distributed functional planeDFP 分布功能平面DQDBdistributed queue dual bus 分布式队列双总线hierarchy 分层,层次partition 分成segmentation 分割interface 分界面,接口asunder 分开地,分离地detached 分离的,分开的,孤立的dispense 分配allocate 分配,配给；配给物centigrade 分为百度的,百分度的,摄氏温度的fractal 分形molecule 分子,微小,些微cellular 蜂窝状的cellular 蜂窝状的,格形的,多孔的auxiliary storagealso called secondary storage辅助存储器decay 腐烂,衰减,衰退negative 负电vicinity 附近,邻近vicinity 附近地区,近处sophisticated 复杂的,高级的,现代化的high-frequencyHF 高频high definition television 高清晰度电视chromium 铬annotate 给…作注解in terms of 根据,按照disclosure 公布,企业决算公开public network 公用网functionality 功能,功能度mercury 汞resonator 共鸣器resonance 共振whimsical 古怪的,反复无常的administration 管理,经营cursor 光标显示器,游标,指针optical computer 光计算机photoconductor 光敏电阻optical disks 光盘optically 光学地,光地wide-area networks 广域网specification 规范,说明书silicon 硅the international telecommunication unionITU 国际电信联盟excess 过剩obsolete 过时的,废弃的maritime 海事的synthetic 合成的,人造的,综合的synthetic 合成的,综合性的rational 合乎理性的rationalization 合理化streamline 合理化,理顺infrared 红外线的,红外线skepticism 怀疑论ring network 环形网hybrid 混合物counterpart 伙伴,副本,对应物electromechanical 机电的,电动机械的Robot 机器人Robotics 机器人技术,机器人学accumulation 积累infrastructure 基础,基础结构substrate 基质,底质upheaval 激变,剧变compact disc 激光磁盘CDconcentrator 集中器,集线器centrex system 集中式用户交换功能系统converge on 集中于,聚集在…上lumped element 集总元件CAIcomputer-aided instruction 计算机辅助教学computer-integrated manufacturingCIM 计算机集成制造computer mediated communicationCMC 计算机中介通信record 记录register 记录器,寄存器expedite 加快,促进weight 加权accelerate 加速,加快,促进categorize 加以类别,分类in addition 加之,又,另外hypothetical 假设的rigidly 坚硬的,僵硬的compatibility 兼容性,相容性surveillance 监视surveillance 监视retrieval 检索,可补救verification 检验simplicity 简单,简明film 胶片,薄膜take over 接管,接任ruggedness 结实threshold 界限,临界值with the aid of 借助于,用,通过wire line 金属线路,有线线路coherent 紧凑的,表达清楚的,粘附的,相干的compact 紧密的approximation 近似undertake 进行,从事transistor 晶体管elaborate 精心制作的,细心完成的,周密安排的vigilant 警戒的,警惕的alcohol 酒精,酒local area networksLANs 局域网local-area networksLANs 局域网drama 剧本,戏剧,戏剧的演出focus on 聚集在,集中于,注视insulator 绝缘root mean square 均方根uniform 均匀的open-system-interconnectionOSI 开放系统互连expire 开始无效,满期,终止immunity 抗扰,免除,免疫性take…into account 考虑,重视…programmable industrial automation 可编程工业自动化demountable 可拆卸的tunable 可调的reliable 可靠be likely to 可能,大约,像要videotex video 可视图文电视negligible 可以忽略的aerial 空气的,空中的,无形的,虚幻的；天线broadband 宽频带pervasive 扩大的,渗透的tensile 拉力的,张力的romanticism 浪漫精神,浪漫主义discrete 离散,不连续ion 离子force 力量；力stereophonic 立体声的continuum 连续统一体,连续统,闭联集smart 灵巧的；精明的；洒脱的token 令牌on the other hand 另一方面hexagonal 六边形的,六角形的hexagon 六角形,六边形monopoly 垄断,专利video-clip 录像剪辑aluminum 铝pebble 卵石,水晶透镜forum 论坛,讨论会logical relationships 逻辑关系code book 码本pulse code modulationPCM 脉冲编码调制roam 漫步,漫游bpsbits per second 每秒钟传输的比特ZIP codes 美国邮区划分的五位编码susceptibleto 敏感的,易受…的analog 模拟,模拟量pattern recognition 模式识别bibliographic 目录的,文献的neodymium 钕the european telecommunication standardization instituteETSI 欧洲电信标准局coordinate 配合的,协调的；使配合,调整ratify 批准,认可bias 偏差；偏置deviate 偏离,与…不同spectrum 频谱come into play 其作用entrepreneurial 企业的heuristic methods 启发式方法play a …rolepart 起…作用stem from 起源于；由…发生organic 器官的,有机的,组织的hypothesis 前提front-end 前置,前级potential 潜势的,潜力的intensity 强度coincidence 巧合,吻合,一致scalpel 轻便小刀,解剖刀inventory 清单,报表spherical 球的,球形的distinguish 区别,辨别succumb 屈服,屈从,死global functional planeGFP 全局功能平面full-duplex transmission 全双工传输hologram 全息照相,全息图deficiency 缺乏thermonuclear 热核的artifact 人工制品AIartificial intelligence 人工智能fusion 熔解,熔化diskettesalso called floppy disk 软盘sector 扇区entropy 熵uplink 上行链路arsenic 砷neural network 神经网络very-high-frequencyVHF 甚高频upgrade 升级distortion 失真,畸变identification 识别,鉴定,验明pragmatic 实际的implementation 实施,实现,执行,敷设entity 实体,存在vector quantification 矢量量化mislead 使…误解,给…错误印象,引错vex 使烦恼,使恼火defy 使落空facilitate 使容易,促进retina 视网膜compatible 适合的,兼容的transceiver 收发两用机authorize 授权,委托,允许data security 数据安全性data independence 数据独立data management 数据管理database 数据库database management systemDBMS 数据库管理信息系统database transaction 数据库事务data integrity 数据完整性,数据一致性attenuation 衰减fading 衰落,衰减,消失dual 双的,二重的transient 瞬时的deterministic 宿命的,确定的algorithm 算法dissipation 损耗carbon 碳diabetes 糖尿病cumbersome 讨厌的,麻烦的,笨重的razor 剃刀,剃go by the name of 通称,普通叫做commucation session 通信会话traffic 通信业务量synchronous transmission 同步传输concurrent 同时发生的,共存的simultaneous 同时发生的,同时做的simultaneous 同时发生的,一齐的coaxial 同轴的copper 铜statistical 统计的,统计学的dominate 统治,支配invest in 投资perspective 透视,角度,远景graphics 图示,图解pictorial 图像的coating 涂层,层deduce 推理reasoning strategies 推理策略inference engine 推理机topology 拓扑结构heterodyne 外差法的peripheral 外界的,外部的,周围的gateway 网关hazardous 危险的microwave 微波的microprocessor 微处理机,微处理器microelectronic 微电子nuance 微小的差别色彩等encompass 围绕,包围,造成,设法做到maintenance 维护；保持；维修satellite communication 卫星通信satellite network 卫星网络transceiver 无线电收发信机radio-relay transmission 无线电中继传输without any doubt 无疑passive satellite 无源卫星sparse 稀少的,稀疏的downlink 下行链路precursor 先驱,前任visualization 显像feasibility 现实性,可行性linearity 线性度constrain 限制,约束,制约considerable 相当的,重要的geo-stationary 相对地面静止by contrast 相反,而,对比起来coorelation 相关性mutual 相互的mutually 相互的,共同的interconnect 相互连接,互连one after the other 相继,依次minicomputer 小型计算机protocol 协议,草案protocol 协议,规约,规程psycho-acoustic 心理精神听觉的；传音的channelization 信道化,通信信道选择run length encoding 行程编码groom 修饰,准备virtual ISDN 虚拟ISDNmultitude 许多,大批,大量whirl 旋转preference 选择,喜欢avalanche 雪崩pursue 寻求,从事interrogation 询问dumb 哑的,不说话的,无声的subcategory 亚类,子种类,子范畴orbital 眼眶；轨道oxygen 氧气,氧元素service switching and control pointsSSCPs 业务交换控制点service control pointsSCPs 业务控制点service control functionSCF 业务控制功能in concert 一致,一齐handover 移交,越区切换at a rate of 以……的速率in the form of 以…的形式base on…以…为基础yttrium 钇稀有金属,符号Yasynchronous transmission 异步传输asynchronous 异步的exceptional 异常的,特殊的voice-grade 音频级indium 铟give rise to 引起,使产生cryptic 隐义的,秘密的hard disk 硬盘hard automation 硬自动化by means of 用,依靠equip with 用…装备subscriber 用户telex 用户电报PBXprivate branch exchange 用户小交换机或专用交换机be called upon to 用来…,被要求…superiority 优势predominance 优势,显着active satellite 有源卫星in comparison with 与…比较comparable to 与…可比preliminary 预备的,初步的premonition 预感,预兆nucleus 原子核valence 原子价circumference 圆周,周围teleprocessing 远程信息处理,遥控处理perspective 远景,前途constrain 约束,强迫mobile 运动的,流动的,机动的,装在车上的convey 运输,传递,转换impurity 杂质impurity 杂质,混杂物,不洁,不纯regenerative 再生的improve over 在……基础上改善play important role in 在…中起重要作用in close proximity 在附近,在很近underlying 在下的,基础的in this respect 在这方面entail 遭遇,导致presentation 赠与,图像,呈现,演示narrowband 窄频带deploy 展开,使用,推广应用megabit 兆比特germanium 锗positive 正电quadrature 正交orthogonal 正交的quadrature amplitude modulationQAM 正交幅度调制on the right track 正在轨道上sustain 支撑,撑住,维持,持续outgrowh 支派；长出；副产品dominate 支配,统治knowledge representation 知识表示knowledge engineering 知识工程knowledge base 知识库in diameter 直径helicopter 直升飞机acronym 只取首字母的缩写词as long as 只要,如果tutorial 指导教师的,指导的coin 制造新字符,杜撰fabrication 制造,装配；捏造事实proton 质子intelligence 智能,智力,信息intelligent network 智能网intermediate 中间的nucleuspl.nuclei 中心,核心neutrons 中子terminal 终端,终端设备overlay 重叠,覆盖,涂覆highlight 重要的部分,焦点charge 主管,看管；承载dominant 主要的,控制的,最有力的cylinder 柱面expert system 专家系统private network 专用网络transition 转变,转换,跃迁relay 转播relay 转播,中继repeater 转发器,中继器pursue 追赶,追踪,追求,继续desktop publish 桌面出版ultraviolet 紫外线的,紫外的；紫外线辐射field 字段vendor 自动售货机,厂商naturally 自然的；天生具备的synthesize 综合,合成integrate 综合,使完全ISDNintergrated services digital network 综合业务数字网as a whole 总体上bus network 总线形网crossbar 纵横,交叉impedance 阻抗initial 最初的,开始的optimum 最佳条件appear as 作为…出现A Analog 模拟A/D Analog to Digital 模-数转换AAC Advanced Audio Coding 高级音频编码ABB Automatic Black Balance 自动黑平衡ABC American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司Automatic Bass Compensation 自动低音补偿Automatic Brightness Control 自动亮度控制ABL Automatic Black Level 自动黑电平ABLC Automatic Brightness Limiter Circuit 自动亮度限制电路ABU Asian Broadcasting Union 亚洲广播联盟亚广联ABS American Bureau of Standard 美国标准局AC Access Conditions 接入条件Audio Center 音频中心ACA Adjacent Channel Attenuation 邻频道衰减ACC Automatic Centering Control 自动中心控制Automatic Chroma Control 自动色度增益ACK Automatic Chroma Killer 自动消色器ACP Additive Colour Process 加色法ACS Access Control System 接入控制系统Advanced Communication Service 高级通信业务Area Communication System 区域通信系统ADC Analog to Digital Converter 模-数转换器Automatic Degaussirng Circuit 自动消磁电路ADL Acoustic Delay Line 声延迟线ADS Audio Distribution System 音频分配系统AE Audio Erasing 音频声音AEF Automatic Editing Function 自动编辑功能AES Audio Engineering Society 音频工程协会AF Audio Frequency 音频AFA Audio Frequency Amplifier 音频放大器AFC Automatic Frequency Coder 音频编码器Automatic Frequency Control 自动频率控制AFT Automatic Fine Tuning 自动微调Automatic Frequency Track 自动频率跟踪Automatic Frequency Trim 自动额率微调AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益控制AI Artificial Intelligence 人工智能ALM Audio-Level Meter 音频电平表AM Amplitude Modulation 调幅AMS Automatic Music Sensor 自动音乐传感装置ANC Automatic Noise Canceller 自动噪声消除器ANT ANTenna 天线AO Analog Output 模拟输出APS Automatic Program Search 自动节目搜索APPS Automatic Program Pause System 自动节目暂停系统APSS Automatic Program Search System 自动节目搜索系统AR Audio Response 音频响应ARC Automatic Remote Control 自动遥控ASCII American Standard Code for InformationInterchange 美国信息交换标准AST Automatic Scanning Tracking 自动扫描跟踪ATC Automatic Timing Control 自动定时控制Automatic Tone Correction 自动音频校正ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式ATF Automatic Track Finding 自动寻迹ATS Automatic Test System 自动测试系统ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee美国高级电视制式委员会C Automatic Volume Control 自动音量控制R Automatic Voltage Regulator 自动稳压器AWB Automatic White Balance 自动白平衡AZC Automatic Zooming Control 自动变焦控制AZS Automatic Zero Setting 自动调零BA Branch Amplifier 分支放大器Buffer Amplifier 缓冲放大器BAC Binary-Analog Conversion 二进制模拟转换BB Black Burst 黑场信号BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司BBI Beijing Broadcasting Institute 北京广播学院BC Binary Code 二进制码Balanced Current 平衡电流Broadcast Control 广播控制BCT Bandwidth Compression Technique 带宽压缩技术BDB Bi-directional Data Bus 双向数据总线BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则Bit Error Rate 比特误码率BF Burst Flag 色同步旗脉冲BFA Bare Fiber Adapter 裸光纤适配器Brillouin Fiber Amplifier 布里渊光纤放大器BGM Background Music 背景音乐BIOS Basic Input／Output System 基本输入输出系统B-ISDN Broadband-ISDN 宽带综合业务数据网BIU Basic Information Unit 基本信息单元Bus Interface Unit 总线接口单元BM Bi-phase Modulation 双相调制BML Business Management Layer 商务管理层BN Backbone Network 主干网BNT Broadband Network Termination 宽带网络终端设备BO Bus Out 总线输出BPG Basic Pulse Generator 基准脉冲发生器BPS Band Pitch Shift 分频段变调节器BSI British Standard Institute 英国标准学会BSS Broadcast Satellite Service 广播卫星业务BT Block Terminal 分线盒、分组终端British Telecom 英国电信BTA Broadband Terminal Adapter 宽带终端适配器Broadcasting Technology Association 日本BTL Balanced Transformer-Less 桥式推挽放大电路BTS Broadcast Technical Standard 广播技术标准BTU Basic Transmission Unit 基本传输单元BVU Broadcasting Video Unit 广播视频型一种3/4英寸带录像机记录格式BW BandWidth 带宽BWTV Black and White Television 黑白电视CA Conditional Access 条件接收CAC Conditional Access Control 条件接收控制CAL Continuity Accept Limit 连续性接受极限CAS Conditional Access System 条件接收系统Conditional Access Sub-system 条件接收子系统CATV Cable Television 有线电视,电缆电视Community Antenna Television 共用天线电视C Constant Angular Velocity 恒角速度CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 加拿大广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasting System 美国哥伦比亚广播公司CC Concentric Cable 同轴电缆CCG Chinese Character Generator 中文字幕发生器CCIR International Radio ConsultativeCommittee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone ConsultativeCommittee 国际电报咨询委员会CCR Central Control Room 中心控制室CCTV China Central Television 中国中央电视台Close-Circuit Television 闭路电视CCS Center Central System 中心控制系统CCU Camera Control Unit 摄像机控制器CCW Counter Clock-Wise 反时针方向CD Compact Disc 激光唱片CDA Current Dumping Amplifier 电流放大器CD-E Compact Disc Erasable 可抹式激光唱片CDFM Compact Disc File Manager 光盘文件管理程序CDPG Compact-Disc Plus Graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only Memory 只读式紧凑光盘CETV China Educational Television 中国教育电视台CF Color Framing 彩色成帧CGA Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形显示卡CI Common Interface 通用接口CGA Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形显示卡CI Common Interface 通用接口CIE Chinese Institute of Electronics 中国电子学会CII China Information Infrastructure 中国信息基础设施CIF Common Intermediate Format 通用中间格式 CIS Chinese Industrial Standard 中国工业标准 CLV Constant Linear Velocity 恒定线速度CM Colour Monitor 彩色监视器CMTS Cable Modem Termination System 线缆调制解调器终端系统CNR Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 载噪比CON Console 操纵台Controller 控制器CPB Corporation of Public Broadcasting 美国公共广播公司CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余校验CRCC CRI Cyclic Redundancy Check Code 循环冗余校验码CROM China Radio International 中国国际广播电台CRT Control Read Only Memory 控制只读存储器 CS Cathode-Ray Tube 阴极射线管CSC Communication Satellite 通信卫星CSS Color Sub-carrier 彩色副载波Center Storage Server 中央存储服务器Content Scrambling System 内容加扰系统CSU Channel Service Unit 信道业务单元CT Color Temperature 色温CTC Cassette Tape Controller 盒式磁带控制器 Channel Traffic Control 通道通信量控制Counter Timer Circuit 计数器定时器电路Counter Timer Control 计数器定时器控制CTE Cable Termination Equipment 线缆终端设备 Customer Terminal Equipment 用户终端设备CTV Color Television 彩色电视CVD China Video Disc 中国数字视盘CW Carrie Wave 载波DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting 数字音频广播 DASH Digital Audio Stationary Head 数字音频静止磁头DAT Digital Audio Tape 数字音频磁带DBMS Data Base Management System 数据库管理系统DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite 直播卫星DCC Digital Compact Cassette 数字小型盒带Dynamic Contrast Control 动态对比度控制 DCT Digital Component Technology 数字分量技术Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦变换DCTV Digital Color Television 数字彩色电视DD Direct Drive 直接驱动DDC Direct Digital Control 直接数字控制DDE Dynamic Data Exchange 动态数据交换DDM Data Display Monitor 数据显示监视器DES Data Elementary Stream 数据基本码流Data Encryption Standard 美国数据加密标准DF Dispersion Flattened 色散平坦光纤DG Differential Gain 微分增益DI Digital Interface 数字接口DITEC Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机DL Delay Line 延时线DLD Dynamic Linear Drive 动态线性驱动DM Delta Modulation 增量调制Digital Modulation 数字调制DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 数字多媒体广播DMC Dynamic Motion Control 动态控制DME Digital Multiple Effect 数字多功能特技DMS Digital Mastering System 数字主系统DN Data Network 数据网络DNG Digital News Gathering 数字新闻采集DNR Digital Noise Reducer 数字式降噪器DOB Data Output Bus 数据输出总线DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service InterfaceSpecifications 有线数据传输业务接口规范DOC Drop Out Compensation 失落补偿DOS Disc Operating System 磁盘操作系统DP Differential Phase 微分相位Data Pulse 数据脉冲DPCM Differential Pulse Code Modulation 差值脉冲编码调制DPL Dolby Pro Logic 杜比定向逻辑DSB Digital Satellite Broadcasting 数字卫星广播DSC Digital Studio Control 数字演播室控制DSD Dolby Surround Digital 杜比数字环绕声DSE Digital Special Effect 数字特技DSK Down-Stream Key 下游键DSP Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理Digital Sound Processor 数字声音处理器DSS Digital Satellite System 数字卫星系统DT Digital Technique 数字技术Digital Television 数字电视Data Terminal 数据终端Data Transmission 数据传输DTB Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting 数字地面广播DTBC Digital Time-Base Corrector 数字时基校正器DTC Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机DTS Digital Theater System 数字影院系统Digital Tuning System 数字调谐系统Digital Television Standard 数字电视标准DVB Digital Video Broadcasting 数字视频广播DVC Digital Video Compression 数字视频压缩DVE Digital Video Effect 数字视频特技DVS Desktop Video Studio 桌上视频演播DVTR Digital Video Tape Recorder 数字磁带录像机EA Extension Amplifier 延长放大器EB Electron Beam 电子束EBS Emergency Broadcasting System 紧急广播系统EBU European Broadcasting Union 欧洲广播联盟EC Error Correction 误差校正ECN Emergency Communications Network 应急通信网络ECS European Communication Satellite 欧洲通信卫星EDC Error Detection Code 错误检测码EDE Electronic Data Exchange 电子数据交换EDF Erbium-Doped Fiber 掺饵光纤EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器EDL Edit Decision List 编辑点清单EDTV Extended Definition Television 扩展清晰度电视EE Error Excepted 允许误差EFM Eight to Fourteen Modulation 8-14调制EFP Electronic Field Production 电子现场节目制作EH Ethernet Hosts 以太网主机EIN Equivalent Input Noise 等效输入噪声EIS Electronic Information System 电子信息系统EISA Extended Industrial StandardArchitecture 扩展工业标准总线EL Electro-Luminescent 场致发光EM Error Monitoring 误码监测EN End Node 末端节点ENG Electronic News Gathering 电子新闻采集EOT End of Tape 带尾EP Edit Point 编辑点Error Protocol 错误协议EPG Electronic Program Guides 电子节目指南EPS Emergency Power Supply 应急电源ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效辐射功率ES Elementary Stream 基本码流End System 终端系统ESA European Space Agency 欧洲空间局ETV Education Television 教育电视FA Enhanced Television 增强电视FABM FAS Facial Animation 面部动画FC Fiber Amplifier Booster Module 光纤放大器增强模块Fiber Access System 光纤接入系统Frequency Changer 变频器FCC Fiber Channel 光纤通道FD Film Composer 电影编辑系统Federal Communications Commission 美国联邦通信委员会FDCT Frequency Divider 分频器FDDI FDM Fiber Duct 光纤管道FDP Forward Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦正变换FE Fiber Distributed Data Interface 分布式光纤数据接口Frequency-Division Multiplexing 频分复用FF Fiber Distribution Point 光纤分配点FG Front End 前端FH Framing Error 成帧误差FIT Fast Forward 快进FN Frequency Generator 频率发生器FOA Frequency Hopping 跳频FOC Frame-Interline Transfer 帧一行间转移Fiber Node 光纤节点Fiber Optic Amplifier 光纤放大器FOM Fiber Optic Cable 光缆FON Fiber Optic Communications 光纤通信FOS Fiber Optic Coupler 光纤耦合器FOTC Fiber Optic Modem 光纤调制解调器FS Fiber Optic Net 光纤网Factor of Safety 安全系数Fiber Optic Trunk Cable 光缆干线FT Frame Scan 帧扫描FTP Frame Store 帧存储器FTTB Frame Synchro 帧同步机FTTC France Telecom 法国电信Absorber Circuit 吸收电路AC/AC Frequency Converter 交交变频电路AC power control 交流电力控制AC Power Controller 交流调功电路AC Power Electronic Switch 交流电力电子开关Ac Voltage Controller交流调压电路Asynchronous Modulation异步调制Baker Clamping Circuit贝克箝位电路。

引言英文文献原文Digital image processing and pattern recognition techniques for the detection of cancerCancer is the second leading cause of death for both men and women in the world , and is expected to become the leading cause of death in the next few decades . In recent years , cancer detection has become a significant area of research activities in the image processing and pattern recognition community .Medical imaging technologies have already made a great impact on our capabilities of detecting cancer early and diagnosing the disease more accurately . In order to further improve the efficiency and veracity of diagnoses and treatment , image processing and pattern recognition techniques have been widely applied to analysis and recognition of cancer , evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment , and prediction of the development of cancer . The aim of this special issue is to bring together researchers working on image processing and pattern recognition techniques for the detection and assessment of cancer , and to promote research in image processing and pattern recognition for oncology . A number of papers were submitted to this special issue and each was peer-reviewed by at least three experts in the field . From these submitted papers , 17were finally selected for inclusion in this special issue . These selected papers cover a broad range of topics that are representative of the state-of-the-art in computer-aided detection or diagnosis(CAD)of cancer . They cover several imaging modalities(such as CT , MRI , and mammography) and different types of cancer (including breast cancer , skin cancer , etc.) , which we summarize below .Skin cancer is the most prevalent among all types of cancers . Three papers in this special issue deal with skin cancer . Y uan et al. propose a skin lesion segmentation method. The method is based on region fusion and narrow-band energy graph partitioning . The method can deal with challenging situations with skin lesions , such as topological changes , weak or false edges , and asymmetry . T ang proposes a snake-based approach using multi-direction gradient vector flow (GVF) for the segmentation of skin cancer images . A new anisotropic diffusion filter is developed as a preprocessing step . After the noise is removed , the image is segmented using a GVF1snake . The proposed method is robust to noise and can correctly trace the boundary of the skin cancer even if there are other objects near the skin cancer region . Serrano et al. present a method based on Markov random fields (MRF) to detect different patterns in dermoscopic images . Different from previous approaches on automatic dermatological image classification with the ABCD rule (Asymmetry , Border irregularity , Color variegation , and Diameter greater than 6mm or growing) , this paper follows a new trend to look for specific patterns in lesions which could lead physicians to a clinical assessment.Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer other than skin cancer and a leading cause of cancer deaths in women in developed countries . In recent years , CAD schemes have been developed as a potentially efficacious solution to improving radiologists’diagnostic accuracy in breast cancer screening and diagnosis . The predominant approach of CAD in breast cancer and medical imaging in general is to use automated image analysis to serve as a “second reader”, with the aim of improving radiologists’diagnostic performance . Thanks to intense research and development efforts , CAD schemes have now been introduces in screening mammography , and clinical studies have shown that such schemes can result in higher sensitivity at the cost of a small increase in recall rate . In this issue , we have three papers in the area of CAD for breast cancer . Wei et al. propose an image-retrieval based approach to CAD , in which retrieved images similar to that being evaluated (called the query image) are used to support a CAD classifier , yielding an improved measure of malignancy . This involves searching a large database for the images that are most similar to the query image , based on features that are automatically extracted from the images . Dominguez et al. investigate the use of image features characterizing the boundary contours of mass lesions in mammograms for classification of benign vs. Malignant masses . They study and evaluate the impact of these features on diagnostic accuracy with several different classifier designs when the lesion contours are extracted using two different automatic segmentation techniques . Schaefer et al. study the use of thermal imaging for breast cancer detection . In their scheme , statistical features are extracted from thermograms to quantify bilateral differences between left and right breast regions , which are used subsequently as input to a fuzzy-rule-based classification system for diagnosis.Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women , and also the third mostcommon cause of cancer-related death in the USA . Y ao et al. propose a novel technique to detect colonic polyps using CT Colonography . They use ideas from geographic information systems to employ topographical height maps , which mimic the procedure used by radiologists for the detection of polyps . The technique can also be used to measure consistently the size of polyps . Hafner et al. present a technique to classify and assess colonic polyps , which are precursors of colorectal cancer . The classification is performed based on the pit-pattern in zoom-endoscopy images . They propose a novel color waveler cross co-occurence matrix which employs the wavelet transform to extract texture features from color channels.Lung cancer occurs most commonly between the ages of 45 and 70 years , and has one of the worse survival rates of all the types of cancer . Two papers are included in this special issue on lung cancer research . Pattichis et al. evaluate new mathematical models that are based on statistics , logic functions , and several statistical classifiers to analyze reader performance in grading chest radiographs for pneumoconiosis . The technique can be potentially applied to the detection of nodules related to early stages of lung cancer . El-Baz et al. focus on the early diagnosis of pulmonary nodules that may lead to lung cancer . Their methods monitor the development of lung nodules in successive low-dose chest CT scans . They propose a new two-step registration method to align globally and locally two detected nodules . Experments on a relatively large data set demonstrate that the proposed registration method contributes to precise identification and diagnosis of nodule development .It is estimated that almost a quarter of a million people in the USA are living with kidney cancer and that the number increases by 51000 every year . Linguraru et al. propose a computer-assisted radiology tool to assess renal tumors in contrast-enhanced CT for the management of tumor diagnosis and response to treatment . The tool accurately segments , measures , and characterizes renal tumors, and has been adopted in clinical practice . V alidation against manual tools shows high correlation .Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system and one of the most malignant diseases affecting children . Two papers in this field are included in this special issue . Sertel et al. present techniques for classification of the degree of Schwannian stromal development as either stroma-rich or stroma-poor , which is a critical decision factor affecting theprognosis . The classification is based on texture features extracted using co-occurrence statistics and local binary patterns . Their work is useful in helping pathologists in the decision-making process . Kong et al. propose image processing and pattern recognition techniques to classify the grade of neuroblastic differentiation on whole-slide histology images . The presented technique is promising to facilitate grading of whole-slide images of neuroblastoma biopsies with high throughput .This special issue also includes papers which are not derectly focused on the detection or diagnosis of a specific type of cancer but deal with the development of techniques applicable to cancer detection . T a et al. propose a framework of graph-based tools for the segmentation of microscopic cellular images . Based on the framework , automatic or interactive segmentation schemes are developed for color cytological and histological images . T osun et al. propose an object-oriented segmentation algorithm for biopsy images for the detection of cancer . The proposed algorithm uses a homogeneity measure based on the distribution of the objects to characterize tissue components . Colon biopsy images were used to verify the effectiveness of the method ; the segmentation accuracy was improved as compared to its pixel-based counterpart . Narasimha et al. present a machine-learning tool for automatic texton-based joint classification and segmentation of mitochondria in MNT-1 cells imaged using an ion-abrasion scanning electron microscope . The proposed approach has minimal user intervention and can achieve high classification accuracy . El Naqa et al. investigate intensity-volume histogram metrics as well as shape and texture features extracted from PET images to predict a patient’s response to treatment . Preliminary results suggest that the proposed approach could potentially provide better tools and discriminant power for functional imaging in clinical prognosis.We hope that the collection of the selected papers in this special issue will serve as a basis for inspiring further rigorous research in CAD of various types of cancer . We invite you to explore this special issue and benefit from these papers .On behalf of the Editorial Committee , we take this opportunity to gratefully acknowledge the autors and the reviewers for their diligence in abilding by the editorial timeline . Our thanks also go to the Editors-in-Chief of Pattern Recognition , Dr. Robert S. Ledley and Dr.C.Y. Suen , for their encouragement and support for this special issue .英文文献译文数字图像处理和模式识别技术关于检测癌症的应用世界上癌症是对于人类（不论男人还是女人）生命的第二杀手。

Frontiers of International Accounting 国际会计前沿, 2023, 12(1), 118-123 Published Online March 2023 in Hans. https:///journal/fia https:///10.12677/fia.2023.121014模糊会计账目与票据的数字辨识研究陈 清曲阜市老年大学，山东 曲阜收稿日期：2022年10月18日；录用日期：2023年3月7日；发布日期：2023年3月15日摘要会计账目及票据是财务事务的根本依据，因此它的准确性和清晰度至关重要，甚至涉及法律问题。

手写体造成的难以辨认识别的票据、污损票据等情况时常出现。

于是，如何准确识别模糊会计账目、票据数字成了财务部门一个重要的难题，同时也是审计部门与执法部门的一个课题。

需要识别故意污损会计账目和票据也是审计部门与执法部门的基本功。

本文给出了基于Hopfield 神经网络理论的数字识别原理、步骤及算法，并给出了详细的运算程序，可以为企事业和相关政府部门在理论和实践上对财务数据的准确性提供支持及预警。

关键词财务票据，数据识别，神经网络Research on the Digital Identification of Fuzzy Accounting Accounts and BillsQing ChenQufu University for the Aged, Qufu ShandongReceived: Oct. 18th , 2022; accepted: Mar. 7th , 2023; published: Mar. 15th, 2023AbstractAccounting accounts and bills are the fundamental basis of financial affairs, so its accuracy and clarity is very important, and even involves legal issues. Handwriting caused by difficult to recog-nize the bill, defaced bills and other situations often occur. Therefore, how to accurately identify the fuzzy accounting accounts, bills in the number of an enterprise can not be ignored, it is also an audit and law enforcement departments of a subject. The need to identify intentional defacement of accounting accounts and notes is also a fundamental skill of auditing and law enforcement de-partments. In this paper, the principle, procedure and algorithm of number recognition based on陈清Hopfield neural network theory are given, and the detailed operation program is also given, it can provide support and early warning for enterprises and relevant government departments to the accuracy of financial data in theory and practice.KeywordsFinancial Bills, Data Identification, Neural NetworkThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0)./licenses/by/4.0/1. 引言票据是重要的商业凭证，是市场经济的产物，它便利了市场交易和财富的转移，极大地促进了市场经济的发展。

第３８卷　第４期 ２０２３年１２月 西　南　科　技　大　学　学　报 ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＳｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Ｖｏｌ．３８Ｎｏ．４ Ｄｅｃ．２０２３ＤＯＩ：１０．２００３６／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１６７１ ８７５５．２０２３．０４．００９收稿日期：２０２２－１２－３０；修回日期：２０２３－０５－１８基金项目：四川省测绘地理信息学会科技开放基金（ＣＣＸ２０２２０５）作者简介：第一作者，訾应昆，硕士研究生，Ｅ ｍａｉｌ：３６３０６８５０３＠ｑｑ．ｃｏｍ；通信作者，张文君，博士，教授，研究方向为遥感信息技术，Ｅ ｍａｉｌ：采空区无人机影像地表裂缝活动特征研究訾应昆１，２　张文君１，２，３　耿诗画１，２　郭峻麟１，２　徐梦辉１，２（１．西南科技大学环境与资源学院　四川绵阳　６２１０１０；２．国家遥感中心绵阳科技城分部　四川绵阳　６２１０１０；３．四川航遥智测科技有限公司　四川绵阳　６２１０００）摘要：地表裂缝是一种典型地质灾害。

以龙首矿西二采区为研究区，利用２０２０年８月和２０２１年６月两期沉降区的无人机正射影像，通过图像增强和多尺度分割处理得到用于分类的多边形对象，结合地表裂缝的光谱特征和形状特征构建模糊规则集，实现对地表裂缝的提取；选取覆盖该区域２０２０年８月１９日－２０２１年６月２７日５２景Ｓｅｎｔｉｎｅｌ－１Ａ升降轨影像，采用小基线集（ＳＢＡＳ）技术，获取地表二维形变信息，并采用经验贝叶斯克里金法（ＥＢＫ）和径向基函数法（ＲＢＦ）对形变数据进行空间加密；将获取的裂缝分布信息和加密后的地表形变信息叠加，结合采空区、塌陷坑等从垂直向和水平向上揭示研究期间矿区地表裂缝的形变特征和分布变化规律。

研究表明：（１）不同裂缝群距离采空区越近，垂直向和水平向形变速率越大，裂缝群整体向采空区侧偏移；（２）采空区周围的地表裂缝群主要受垂直向不均匀形变的影响，采空区上方的地表裂缝群主要受水平不均匀形变影响；（３）受周围塌陷坑的影响，地表裂缝群两侧会产生形变速率差异，且靠近塌陷坑的一侧形变较大，导致新裂缝的产生和裂缝群的规模扩大。

腕关节不稳合并TFCC损伤患者早期MRI表现王志利;徐丹凤;吉幸双;赵树军;刘兵【期刊名称】《医学综述》【年(卷),期】2018(24)1【摘要】目的分析腕关节不稳合并三角纤维软骨复合体(TFCC)损伤患者早期磁共振成像(MRI)表现,为临床早期确诊及治疗提供客观的影像学依据.方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年1月哈励逊国际和平医院核磁共振室高年资医师诊断腕关节不稳合并TFCC损伤78例患者的影像资料,根据Palmer分型标准对其MRI表现进行归纳总结.结果 78例腕关节不稳合并TFCC损伤患者中,创伤性TFCC损伤患者58例(其中ⅠA 11例,ⅠB 27例,ⅠC 5例,ⅠD 15例),在压脂的质子密度加权成像(PD-FS)及3D薄层T2加权成像(T2-iso)冠状位薄层扫描序列上表现为三角纤维软骨盘(TFC)中心可出现裂隙状、线状或片状高信号,软骨面不光滑及撕裂,尺骨茎突连接部及桡骨乙状切迹连接部结构模糊,部分患者出现尺月韧带及尺三角韧带损伤,信号增高,远端桡尺关节积液.退行性TFCC损伤20例(其中ⅡA 5例,ⅡB 4例,ⅡC 3例,ⅡD 2例,ⅡE 6例),在PD-FS及T2-iso冠状位薄层扫描序列上表现为TFC形态变薄,结构模糊,软骨面不光滑,信号不均匀,可见混杂中高信号,邻近月骨、三角骨软骨变薄,内可见小片状水肿信号、囊变,月三角韧带结构模糊,桡尺关节积液.结论 MRI可精确显示腕关节不稳患者TFCC的精细解剖结构,其早期MRI影像表现对临床诊治具有重要价值.%Objective To analyze early magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) image findings of wrist instability combined with triangular fibrocartilage complex ( TFCC) injury,providing objective imaging evidence for the early diagnosis and treat-ment.Methods Retrospective analysis onimaging data of 78 patients with wrist joint instability combined TFCC injury diagnosed by senior doctors from MRI Room in Harrison International Peace Hospital druring Jan .2015 and Jan.2017 was done,and the MRI image performance was summarized according to Palmer classification standard .Results Among the 78 patients,including 58patie nts with traumatic injury of TFCC (ⅠA 11 cases,ⅠB 27 cases,ⅠC 5 cases,D 15 cases),in the PD-FS and T2-iso coronary thin layer scanning sequence imaging:crack,linear or slice high signal ,unsmooth cartilage sur-face and torn in the center of triangular fibrocartilage ( TFC) ,fuzzyulna radial styloid process connection and sigmoid notch connection structure were observed ,some patients had ulnar ligament and deltoid ligament damage ,with higher signal,and distal radioulnar joint effusion;20 cases of degenerat ive TFCC injury (ⅡA 5 cases,ⅡB 4 cases,ⅡC 3 cases,ⅡD 2 cases,ⅡE 6 cases), in the PD-FS and T2-iso coronary thin layer scanning sequence imagning:thinner TFC,fuzzy structure, unsmooth cartilage surface ,uneven signals ,mixed high signal ,adjacent lunate bone ,triangle bone cartilage thinning ,platelet edema,cystic change,fuzzy deltoid ligament structure ,and radioulnar joint effusion .Conclusion MRI can accurately show the fine anatomical structure of the TFCC of spatient with unstable wrist ,and the early MRI image performance has important value for the clinical diagnosis and treatment .【总页数】5页(P179-183)【作者】王志利;徐丹凤;吉幸双;赵树军;刘兵【作者单位】哈励逊国际和平医院核磁共振室,河北衡水 053000;哈励逊国际和平医院超声科,河北衡水 053000;哈励逊国际和平医院核磁共振室,河北衡水 053000;哈励逊国际和平医院核磁共振室,河北衡水 053000;哈励逊国际和平医院核磁共振室,河北衡水 053000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R445.2【相关文献】1.腕关节镜下射频皱缩治疗腕骨间韧带部分损伤合并 TFCC 损伤8例术中护理配合[J], 陆琴;曹红霞2.3.0T MRI在腕关节不稳患者近侧列腕骨间韧带损伤早期诊断中的应用 [J], 王志利;徐丹凤;吉幸双;赵树军;刘兵3.3.0T磁共振成像测量腕关节不稳患者近侧列腕骨间韧带损伤腕关节角的价值 [J], 王志利;徐丹凤;吉幸双;赵树军;刘兵4.腕关节不稳合并三角纤维软骨复合体损伤患者早期磁共振成像表现 [J], 李军;甘伟;刘维久;刘创宇5.腕关节不稳合并三角纤维软骨复合体损伤患者早期磁共振成像表现 [J], 李军;甘伟;刘维久;刘创宇因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

abhorrentadj. 可恨的，可厌的abjurev. 誓绝，弃绝abolitionistn. 废除主义者,废奴主义者aboriginaln. 原始居民，土著abortiveadj. 无结果的，失败的Abridgmentn. 删节，节本absorbinga. 吸引人的,非常有趣的acacian. 金合花acceleratevt.(使)加快；促进accessionn. 到达,即位,增加,同意actuatevt. 开动,促使,鼓励adenoidsn. 腺状肿大,扁桃腺肥大adhesivea. 粘着的,有粘性的admiraltyn. 海军上将的地位或职权,海军部, admixturen. 混合,混合物adulationn. 谄媚,奉承,阿谀adventitiousadj. 偶然的，外来的affectedadj. 不自然的，假装的affiancen. 信托,婚约affidavitn. 宣誓书affixvt. 使附于,署名,粘贴Afghanistann. 阿富汗afieldad. 至野外,在田野,至远方aforesaida. 上述的,前述的aftad. 在船尾aggregationn. 聚集，总合aggressorn. 侵略者,侵略国,攻击者agriculturistalbatrossn. 信天翁alchemistn. 炼丹家allotmentn. 分配,配给的土地,命运ambrosiala. 特别美味的ammoniumn. 氨盐基,铵amourn. 奸情,恋情amphitheatern. 圆形剧场,斗技场,似圆形剧场的处所amplifyvt.放大，增强；扩大amplyad. 充足地,详细地analogyn.相似，类似；比拟analyticala. 分析的,解析的animationn. 兴奋，活泼anomalyn. 异常、反常anonymousadj. 匿名的answerablea. 可答复的antibioticn. 抗生素，adj. 抗菌的antiquariann. 古物研究者,搜集古物者antonymn. 反义字,反义语,对语aortan. 主动脉applicablea.能应用的；适当的apportionmentn. 分配,分摊,分派appreciativeadj. 感谢的，赞赏的approximationn. 近似值aptituden. 资质,才能,自然倾向aquamarinen. 海蓝宝石aqueousa. 水的,水成的archdeaconn. bishop 下一级的圣职者,副监视archeryn. 箭术archipelagon. 群岛armisticen. 休战，停战arsenaten.『化学』砷酸盐artificern. 工匠,巧匠aslantad. 倾斜地aspn. 白杨,一种毒蛇astira. 活动的,骚动的,起床atopad. 在顶上attaintvt. 宣告剥夺财产权,损坏,玷污auditv. 审计，核对，旁听n. (演员等)试唱austerityn. 朴素，艰辛aviatorn. 飞行员avoidancen. 防止,避开,逃避avowaln. 公开成认awakeningn. 唤醒,觉悟backingn. 衬背,后援,支持者bandya. 向外弯曲的bareheadeda. 不戴帽子的barographn. 自动记录式气压计baronyn. 男爵的领地barretten. 夹子的一种basala. 根底的,根本的beechena. 山毛榉制的begonian. 秋海棠属的植物,秋海棠beholderh. 目睹者belikead. 恐怕,或许beryln. 绿玉石,绿宝石betokenvt. 预示biblicala. 圣经的binarya. 二进位的,二元的binocularsn. 双眼望远镜n. 传记作者biospheren. 生命层，生物圈bishopricn. 主教的职位,主教的辖区bismuthn. 铋bivalven. 双壳贝blandishmentn. 甜言蜜语,谄媚,奉承blotchn. 〔皮肤上的〕红斑点，〔墨水等〕斑点blowtorchn. 吹管bodicen. 女服的紧身衣bonya. 多骨的；瘦的bookkeepern. 簿记员booksellerboudoirn. 〔女人的〕化装室，闺房braggartn. 吹牛bratn. 乳臭未干的小孩,小子bravadon. 故作英勇，逞能brawnyadj. 〔人〕强壮的brewern. 啤酒制造者,阴谋家breweryn. (啤酒) 酿造厂brigandn. 土匪,盗贼brilliancen. (声音的)明晰动人；光辉bronchialadj. 支气管的n. 丑角，缺乏教养之人bumv. 漂泊，乞讨，adj. 差劲的buntn. 顶撞,推,短打buoyancyn. 浮力burlya. 结实的,粗壮的,率直的bushingn. 轴衬,套管butten. 孤立的丘butterscotchn. 奶油糖果caboosen. (载货火车最后一节的)守车, caffeinen. 咖啡因,茶精(兴奋剂) caliphn. 哈利发,回教国国王califn.哈利发,回教国国王campern. 露营者cancellationn. 取消,作废,注销戳canton. 篇章,旋律caparisonn. 马衣,美服capitulatev. 〔有条件地〕投降。