托福独立写作高级词汇替换-draft

托福写作常用的50个替换词1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summit /toeflpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)。

80组雅思写作高级替换词汇一、表示原因1. a reason for + 名词/动名词 = the cause of + 名词/动名词2. because of = due to / owing to3. as a result = consequently / therefore / thus / hence4. owing to the fact that = because5. in view of = considering6. result in = lead to7. contributes to = give rise to8. bring about = generate二、表示好处1. lead to positive outcomes = have positive impacts / effects2. advantageous = beneficial / favorable3. enhance = improve / strengthen4. contribute to = be conducive to5. facilitate = make it easier6. promote = boost / advance7. play a crucial role = be of great significance / importance8. enable = allow / permit三、表示坏处1. drawbacks = disadvantages / downsides2. detrimental = harmful / destructive / adverse3. result in negative consequences = have negative impacts / effects4. bring about = generate / cause5. hinder = impede / obstruct6. pose a threat to = be a danger to7. undermine = weaken / erode8. give rise to = lead to / cause四、表示重要性1. of great significance = of paramount importance / crucial2. play a vital role = be essential / crucial3. be of prime importance = be of utmost importance4. be critical = be indispensable / vital5. be essential = be necessary6. have a profound impact on = greatly influence7. have far-reaching implications = have extensive effects / consequences8. be fundamental to = be crucial to五、表示变化1. undergo changes = experience alterations / modifications2. evolve = develop / progress3. transform = change / convert / shift4. shift = change / alter5. adapt to = adjust to / accommodate to6. fluctuate = vary / change7. grow = increase / expand8. decline = decrease / reduce六、表示观点1. argue that = claim / suggest / contend that2. maintain that = assert / affirm that3. advocate = support / promote / recommend4. emphasize = highlight / stress5. assert = affirm / insist6. posit that = propose / suggest7. put forward the viewpoint that = express the opinion that8. take the stance that = hold the position that七、表示重要性1. be vital = be crucial / essential2. be of paramount importance = be extremely significant / important3. be imperative = be necessary / essential4. be critical = be essential / vital5. be of great significance = be of great importance / significance6. be instrumental in = be crucial to / play a key role in7. play a pivotal role = be central / key / crucial8. be fundamental = be basic / essential八、表示结论1. in conclusion = in a nutshell / in summary / to sum up2. therefore = thus / hence / consequently3. as a result = consequently / accordingly4. ultimately = finally / in the end5. in light of this = considering this / based on this6. overall = all in all / on the whole7. in a word = in brief / in short8. to put it simply = in simple terms。

99个雅思写作高级替换词1.人们People n.Individuals = persons =the public= citizens= one= inhabitants2.认为Think v.Hold= maintain=believe= contend=deem= argue=3.社会Society n.The real world= the community= the public4.名人Famous person n.Celebrity= luminary= legendary figure5.著名的Famous adj.Noted= eminent= prominent= preeminent= distinguished=celebrated= acclaimed 6.专家Specialist n.Expert=master=virtuoso(专才vs.generalist 通才)7.领域Field n.Sphere=discipline(学科)=domain=province(范围)8.技能Skill n.Expertise(专业知识)=prowess(能力)9.品质、特性Quality n.Feature= trait= attribute= characteristic10.信任Have belief in v.Have faith/ trust in11.真实的Real adj.Actual= nonfictional= factual; tangible= concrete= palpable Broad-minded12.心胸宽阔的adj.Tolerant13.思想狭隘的Narrow-minded adj.Insular= conservative14.明智的Wise adj.Prudent= sensible= judicious15.有道理的Reasonable adj.Justified= warranted= legitimate16.没有道理的Unreasonable adj.Unjustified= unwarranted= groundless17.自信Self-confidence n.Morale18.熟悉...Be familiar with19.Beacquainted/conversant with20.竞争Competition n. Rivalry= contest21.合作Cooperate n.Collaborate= take concerted action相关的名词：cooperation=collaboration=combined effort= teamwork= partnership 22.责任Responsibility n. Obligation23.娱乐Relaxation n.Recreation= enjoyment= pleasure= leisure24.实现、完成Achieve v.Attain= accomplish=fulfill one's ambition/duties/criteria25.梦想成真One's dream comes true.Attains one's goal=finds one's niche in life26.失败Failuren.Frustration= setback=nonfulfillment27.成功Success n.Fulfillment= accomplishment=triumph= victory相关动词：succeed (in), fulfill,accomplish28.环境Environment n.Setting=milieu= background =Protect environment29.保护环境v.Be environmentally friendly= be co-friendly30.破坏生态平衡Break the ecological balance v.Disrupt/ upset the ecological balance31.Situation 情况n.Scenario= setting32.Phenomenon 现象n.Occurrence= event= happening= fact33.Factor因素n.Element= consideration= concern= situation34.Depend on 取决于v.Hinge on= ride= rely on= rest on35.Different 不同的adj.Various= opposing= diverse相关名词=difference= disparity= discrepancy= variation=variety= diversity=differentiation=36.Different kinds of 不同种类的adj.A variety of= a broad range of= a wide array of= a diversity of37.好处，优势AdvantageBenefit= boon= blessing= reward= upside= merit38.劣势Disadvantage n.Detriment= bane= curse=drawback= downside= demerit39.好的Good adj.Beneficial= advantageous= rewarding= helpful= useful40.坏的Bad adj.Detrimental= disadvantageous= baneful=harmful,negative41.苦难的Difficult adj.Challenging= daunting=formidable=forbidding42.困难Difficulty n.Hindrance= obstacle= barrier= stumbling block43......的缺乏Lack of n.Absence of = dearth of= deficiency in= shortage of= shortfall of= scarcity of ...44.许多的Many adj...可数名词复数...;A great number of= a host of= a multitude of= an abundance of= a wealth of= a myriad of…不可数名词...a great number of=a large amount of45.越来越More and moreincreasingly= growingly46.增多Growv.Mount= escalate= increase= be on the rise47.令人担忧的WorrisomeAlarming= daunting48.影响Influence n.Impact= sway49.造成不良结果Lead to bad results v.Be counterproductive= render a disservice (帮倒忙)50.危险Danger n.Hazard(危害)=jeopardy(危害)，threat相关形容词形式：dangerous=hazardous=perilous= threatening相关动词：endanger=imperil=threaten=jeopardize51.到如此程度Reach such extent v.Reach such proportions52.非常Very adv.Immenselv= remarkablv= considerablv= dramaticallv= noticeably53.普遍的Common adj.Prevalent= popular=ubiquitous=universal54.重要的Important adj.Essential=crucial= critical= significant= vital= indispensable55.明显的Obvious adj.Perceptible= discernible= appreciable=marked= pronounced= noticeable56.紧急的Urgent adj.Pressing57.理解Understanding n. Appreciation(理解)=awareness= insight (into)58.巨大的Big adj.Enormous=vast= immense= massive= colossal59.小的，轻微的Small adj.Minute(微小的)= slight=minor=trivial60.促进Contribute to v.Be instrumental in/ be conducive to =facilitate/ promote61.阻碍Hold back v.Hamper= impede= hinder62.高Improve v.Enhance= boost= promote= heighten63.破坏Destroy v.Undermine= damage64.必要条件Necessary condition n.Prerequisite(for)= precondition (of)65.困难费力的Effort-taking adj.Arduous= strenuous= laborious66.复杂的ComplicatedComplex= involved= intricate67.充满活力的EnergeticVigorous= dynamic=vibrant68.培养cultivate v.Nurture= develop= foster= hone69.强调Emphasize v.Accentuate= lay stress on= lay emphasis on70.重视Pay attention to71.努力做Try one's best to do v.Endeavor to do= strive to do=strive for sth=spare no effort to do 72.充满Be full of v.Be replete with= be inundated with= be saturated with73.免于Be free from v.Be exempt form=be immune from74.开拓视Expand one's horizon v.Enlarge one's vision = Expand one's outlook75.处理Deal with v.Tackle= address= cope with76.某事必做Sth.must be done.Sth is obligatory/ mandatory/ compulsory/ imperative77.对...的解决方案Solution to ... Cure/ remedy/ therapy for ...78....的方式Way of ...n.Approach to ...= strategy for... avenue of...79.常见做法Usual way n. Common practice80.选择Choice n.Option= alternative81.严格的StrictStringent= rigorous= severe82.控制Control v.Check= curb83.有效地Effective adj.Efficacious= potent相关名词effectiveness=efficacy= potency84.使用Use v.Utilize= make use of= employ= put into service85.有用的Useful adj.Productive= constructive86.可获得的，可得到的Obtainable adj.Available87.目前的Present adj.Current=existing= topical88.有趣的InterestingIntriguing=stimulating= appealing89.质量差的Low-quality90.最佳的Best adj.Optimum91.错误的Wrong adj.Inaccurate= erroneous=fallaciou92.加强Strengthen v.Fortify=reinforce93.削弱Weaken v.Undermine= erode94.使恶化Worsen v.Exacerbate=aggravate95.恶化(环境、事物自己)Deteriorate v.96.传播Spread v.Publicize= disseminate= diffuse= propagate97.刚起步Begin v.Be in embryo= be in one's infancy98.迅速增长Grow rapidlyGrow exponentially= soar99.测量Measure v.Assess= gauge= determine。

1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needsand wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attentionto something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try toobtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct inevery detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense orsevere)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does notwant to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it!really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts anddetails)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does thingsvery thoroughly)27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involvesa lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannotbe planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionallyor physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize somethingʼs large), tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that somethingor keep away from it.)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moralreasons), loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a largedegree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and veryexpensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring andfrustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people'ssafety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful andsensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, orhis/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kindsof things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen )92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive viadecorating it with something else)97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesnʼt happen often)100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。

连词替换：1. Firstly: previously, beforehand,foremost, initially★★★★★,originally, formerly（后面须有相对应的latterly）, principally, mainly,essentially, basically,fundamentally★★★★★, to beginwith, to start with, at the outset…2. Then: subsequently★★★★★,afterward, thereafter, after that,succeeding (adj.), what is more,furthermore (furthermore)…3. Lastly: ultimately★★★★★,eventually, in conclusion, toconclude, as a final point, last ofall…4. Too: as well (句末), in addition（句前）, besides（句前）, moreover（句前）, additionally（句前）★★★★★…5. And（这些换用多用在句子间连接）:plus, as well as, along with, inaddition★★★★★, bonus, with…6. Or r（这些换用多用在句子间连接）:otherwise, if not, before, or else…7. So (adv): therefore★★★★★, thus,consequently, accordingly, as aresult, for that reason, hence8. Because: as, due to★★★★★（后面只能接宾语，不能接句子）, since★★★★★, as to, in that, for thereason that, for, now that…9. But: however（换用的时候需要注意与but的区别）, moreover,nevertheless★★★★★,nonetheless★★★★★, on thecontrary, on the other hand, 让步although, even thought, though,even if, while, despite the fact that★★★★★…10. Only: just, merely, barely★★★★★, singly, solely, rarely★★★★★…11. Without: excluding★★★★★…12. Very: extremely★★★★★, acutely,decidedly, deeply, exceedingly,greatly, highly, uncommonly,profoundly★★★★★, unusually…13. Actually: as a matter of fact★★★★★, in fact, in point of fact, inreality, literally★★★★★, truly …名词替换：1.Forefather祖先：Ancestor、Predecessor2.Difference不同：Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction3.Crime犯罪：Delinquency、Criminal Act4.Environment环境：Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience5.Pollution污染：Contamination6.Human人类：The human race、Humanity、Humankind7.Danger危险：Peril、Hazard8.Inmodernsociety在当今社会：In contemporary society、In present-day society、In this day and age（这是最牛的说法）1. Problem: issue★★★★★, case,trouble, difficulty, dilemma（注意与Problem之间差别）.2. Meeting: conference★★★★★,discussion, assembly, conclave,congress, convention★★★★★,gathering session, assignation★★★★★, encounter, confrontation,argument, controversy…3. Study: lessons, research, schoolwork, examination, analysis★★★★★（此词仅有名词词性,consideration, contemplation,inspection, investigation★★★★★,knowledge, scholarship…4. Advantage: benefit, dominance,precedence, profit, superiority,merit…5. Disadvantage: shortcoming★★★★★, weakness, inconvenience,drawback★★★★★, deficiency,flaw★★★★★, handicap (also v.妨碍), downside, limitation.6. Life: existence★★★★★, conduct,life style★★★★★, way of life形容词/ 副词替换：1.Everywhere普遍的：Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant2.Good好的：Beneficial、Advantageous3.Harmful有害的：Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful4.Rich富有的：Wealthy、Affluent5.Poor贫穷的Impoverished6.cheap便宜的：Economical、Inexpensive7.Serious严重的：Severe8.Obvious明显的：Manifest、Apparent、Evident1. Important: essential, significant★★★★★, vital, crucial★★★★★,profound★★★★★, play apushing role, indispensable,requisite, critical★★★★★,fundamental★★★★★, primary,elementary, underlying,rudimentary★★★★★, basically,necessary…2. Angry: annoyed★★★★★, cross,displeased, enraged, exasperated★★★★★, incensed, infuriated,irate, mad (informal), livid(informal), berserk, outraged★★★★★, resentful★★★★★…3. Big: gigantic★★★★★, massive★★★★★, colossal, enormous,immense★★★★★, gargantuan,tremendous★★★★★, titanic,giant, vast, large, huge, monster,bulky,4. Good: marvelous, fabulous,gorgeous, spectacular★★★★★,outstanding★★★★★,distinguished, remarkable★★★★★, superb, incredible, unbelievable,out of this world, magnificent★★★★★, charmin★★★★★g,stunning, fantastic★★★★★,terrific, excellent, great, wonderful,amazing, awesome5. Many: numerous, myriad★★★★★, infinite,6. Forever (adv): infinity, eternal,timeless★★★★★, everlasting★★★★★，undying, endless,changeless, perpetually★★★★★…无老师的《iBT新托福金牌五星作文模板词》又来啦！7. Small: minimum, diminutive★★★★★, minute★★★★★, petite, wee,undersized, teeny, tiny, little, petite（女子身高娇小）8. Bad: awful★★★★★, terrible,dreadful, defective, faulty,imperfect★★★★★, inadequate★★★★★, poor, substandard,unsatisfactory★★★★★, harmful,damaging, deleterious, detrimental,hurtful, ruinous, unhealthy, evil,immoral（此词的意思是“不道德的”，请用于适当场合）★★★★★…9. Beautiful: charming★★★★★,charismatic★★★★★, attractive,gorgeous, pretty, endearing, sweet★★★★★, adorable, eye-catching★★★★★, handsome, hot, cute,good-looking, lovable, engaging…10. Clever: brilliant, knowledgeable★★★★★, intellectual, intelligent★★★★★, excellent, bright, smart 11. Happy: delightful★★★★★,delectable, elated, glad, overjoyed★★★★★, pleased, jubilant★★★★★, merry, joyful,12. Fast：swift★★★★★, quick, rapid,speedy★★★★★, hasty, nippy,like lightning★★★★★,13. Hurry (v): hustle★★★★★, rush★★★★★, make haste, tear, step onit, dash, get a move on, step on it,scoot.14. Clear: obvious, apparent, blatant,comprehensible★★★★★,conspicuous★★★★★, distinct,evident, manifest, palpable, plain,pronounced★★★★★,recognizable, transparent,intelligible★★★★★, lucid, plain,understandable★★★★★,uninvolved, simple, …15. Easy: simple, effortless★★★★★,no trouble, painless★★★★★,plain sailing, uncomplicated★★★★★, undemanding, unproblematic,a piece of cake (informal), child’splay (informal),…16. Dangerous: perilous, breakneck,chancy (informal), hazardous★★★★★, insecure, precarious, risky,unsafe, vulnerable★★★★★17. Personally：from my personalperspective★★★★★, as far as Iam concerned, from my point ofview, from my angle★★★★★,consider, conceive, perspective★★★★★…18. Direct: bald★★★★★, basic, frank,naked, plain★★★★★, sincere★★★★★, stark, straightforward,candid, forthright, outspoken…. 19. Difficult: hard, tricky, complicated★★★★★, complex, intricate★★★★★, involved, knotty, perplexin★★★★★g, puzzling, thorny…动词替换：1.Improve提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance2.Change改变：Transform3.Emphasize强调：Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法)4.Develop培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture5.Break破坏：Impair、Undermine这两词指抽象意义上的破坏；Jeopardize、Devastate这两个词用了就牛X了6.Keep保存：Preserve、Conserve保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。

100个精选替换词在手，托福作文不再怕1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)()5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do somethings/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small), minute()25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen )92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often)100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。

托福作文词汇替换表短语替换表常用的100个高频词语1.经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…9.热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion/ debate10. 有争议性的问题a controversial issue11.完全不同的观点a totally different argument12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others…13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点argument on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in…18.对…必不可少be indispensable to …19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:20.…也不例外…be no ex ception21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24.复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon25.责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation27. 开阔眼界widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision28.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills29.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration31. 从另一个角度from another perspective32.做出共同努力make joint efforts33. 对…有益be beneficial / conducive to…34.为社会做贡献make contributions to the society35.打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…36.综合素质comprehensive quality37.无可非议blameless / beyond reproach39.致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to…40. 应当承认Admittedly,41.不可推卸的义务unshakable duty42. 满足需求satisfy/ meet the needs of...43.可靠的信息源a reliable source of information44.宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources45.因特网the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)46.方便快捷convenient and efficient47.在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly49.社会进步的体现a symbol of society progress50.科技的飞速更新the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology51.对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue52.支持前/后种观点的人people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54.在一定程度上to some extent/ degree / in some way55. 理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice56. …必然趋势an irresistible trend of…57.日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition58.眼前利益immediate interest/ short-term interest59.长远利益. interest in the long run60.…有其自身的优缺点… has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages61.扬长避短Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones62.取其精髓，取其糟粕Take the essence and discard the dregs.63.对…有害do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65.跟上…的最新发展keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth.67.…的健康发展the healthy development of …68.有利有弊Every coin has its two sides..69.对…观点因人而异Views on …vary from person to person.70.重视attach great importance to…71.社会地位social status72.把时间和精力放在…上focus time and energy on…73.扩大知识面expand one’s scope of knowledge74.身心两方面both physically and mentally75.有直接/间接关系be directly / indirectly related to…76. 提出折中提议set forth a compromise proposal77. 可以取代“think”的词believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担relieve stress/ burden79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth.80.与…比较compared with…/ in comparison with81. 相反in contrast / on the contrary.82.代替replace/ substitute / take the place of83.经不起推敲cannot bear closer analysis/ cannot hold water84.提供就业机会offer job opportunities85. 社会进步的反映mirror of social progress86.毫无疑问Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…87.增进相互了解enhance/ promote mutual understanding88.充分利用make full use of / take advantage of89.承受更大的工作压力suffer from heavier work pressure90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society91.更多地强调put more emphasis on…92.适应社会发展adapt oneself to the development of society93.实现梦想realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true94. 主要理由列举如下The main reasons are listed as follows:95. 首先First，Firstly，In the first place, To begin with96.其次Second, Secondly, In the second place97. 再次Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore98. 最后Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,99. 总而言之All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,100.我们还有很长的路要走We still have a long way to go。

托福作文考试百个精选替换词高分助力1. important =crucial (extremely important,significant(amount or effect large enough to be importantmon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra, plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other, adjoin(the same as adjacent7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned, seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details, exact(correct in every detail9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable 13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired, reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL, establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupidplain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree, fundamental19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe 20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to,compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than itreally isplex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details 23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her24.small=minuscule(very small, minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise, compliment(polite and political26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts28.poor(soil=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent, colossal(use this word, you emphasize something ’ s large, tremendous(INFORMAL32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.34.attack=assault (physically attack someone, assail (attack violently35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons, loathe(dislike very much!36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes, immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly, astound(surprise you to a large degree,astonish(the same as astound42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm, fervency (sincere and enthusiasm43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful, serene(calm and quiet44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive, sumptuous(grand and very expensive 46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating 47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admirehim/her. FORMAL 48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold, icy(extremely cold50.hot=boiling(very hot51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind, distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest63.appear=emerge(come into existence64.whole=entire(the whole of something65.wet=moist(slightly wet, damp(slightly wet, humid(very damp and hot66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger, prudent(careful and sensible 71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, orhis/her opinion is different from most people73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of moneye= utilize (the same as use75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction 77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive, absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things 84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve90.sharp=acute(severe and intense91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worrieshim/her because he/she does not understand it93.method=avenue(away of getting something done94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’ t happen often 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish。

托福写作常用的同义词形容词合适的: suitable/ advisable/ sound/ temperate/ rational/ preferable/ reliable/ fitting/ modest/ moderate精致的: elegant/ delicate/ elaborate美好的: gorgeous/ glorious/ splendid/ admirable/ breathtaking/ impressive/ spectacular/ superb杰出的: outstanding/ distinguished/ eminent/ excellent/ supreme/ extraordinary/ prominent/ matchless/ foremost著名的: famous/ illustrious/ celebrated/ notable聪明的: intellegent/ wise/ ingenious/ sensible/ smart/ clever/ knowledgeable/ capable大的: immense/ huge/ spacious/ prodigious/ massive/ enormous/ vast/ tremendous/ expansive/ mightly小的: slight/ tiny/ microscopic/ small/ diminutive/ minuscule重要的: important/ significant/ concernful/ pivotal/ superb/ momentous/ vital/ primaty/ essential/ principal/ leading/ major/ dominant/ predominant/ fateful最好的: optimum/ premium基本的: underlying/ elementary/ fundamental/ essential/ cardinal不足的: insufficient/ scanty/ meager/ needy/ poor/ scarce/ devoid/ empty/ lacking 充足的: fraught/ sufficient/ enough/ adequate/ abundant过多的: excessive/ redundant/ overabundant/ inordinate特殊的: unique/ matchless/ unrivaled/ extraodinary/ special奇怪的: odd/ bizarre/ quaint/ weird/ queer相似的: similar/ approximate/ proximate/ homogeneous/ identical/ equal/ equivalent/ coordinate无效的: null/ invalid/ void有效的: valid/ acceptable/ effective/ resultful/ efficient/ competent高兴的: delightful/ happy/ hilarious/ exultant/ gleeful/ joyous/ exalted/ blessed/ pleasing/ amusingrigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little changesignificant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantialcomplex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of)Incorrect/ inaccurate/ wrong/ indefensible/ inadequate/ unconvincing名词成就, 成功: success/ triumph/ victory/ accomplishment/ achievement/ fruition/ consummation/ attainments失败: failure/ be defeated/ a case of crabs观点: point of view/ standpoint/ viewpoint/ frame of reference/ theory财产: treasure/ profit/ fortune/ moneybag/ wealth/ belongings/ estate/ possessions/ property/ riches/ worth/ destiny/ chances好处: advantage/ behoof/ benefit/ gain/ good/ stead/优点: excellence/ merit/ strongpoint/ virtue缺点: bug/ disfigurement/ limitation/ objection/ vice/ lacuna/ defect发展: development/ evolution/ progress/ grow普及: popularization/ prevalence出现: emergence情况: circumstance/ condition原因: causation/ cause/ matter/ reason影响: infection/ influence/ impact比例：proportion/ percentageIdea/ view/ opinion/ point of view/ understanding/ perspective/ conception/ notion/ belies/ position动词提供: provide/ supply/ furnish/ give/ render/ accommodate思考: consider/ speculate/ ponder/ think建议: propose/ suggest/ advance/ mention/ recommend/ advise/ offer吸引: engross/ absorb/ draw/ attact/ intoxicate/ lure/ entice/ tempt揭示: reveal/ exhibit/ expose/ disclose/ unveil/ show/ transpire/ indicate/ denote 推断：deduce解释: understand/ comprehend说明: illuminate/ clarify/ illustrate/ exemplify/ explain/ elaborate/ reveal暗示: imply / allude/ insinuate开始: start/emerge/ launch/ start/ begin/ commence/ initiate带来, 引起: generate/ produce/ give rise to/ engender停止: stop/ cease/ halt/ terminate/ end/ finish/ conclude赞同: agree with/ applaud/ approve/ go along with反对: oppose/ argue against/ combatconstrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulatecontribute to 导致~ result in /account for (占据)导致强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on缺点，缺陷：drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw demolish/knock down/dismantle毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/敲，打analyze/ examine/ deals with/ in concern with/ focus on/ concentrate on/ deal with证明prove/ show/ confirm/ verifyThink/ believe/ argue/ assert/ claim/ contend/ maintain/ insist/ state/ indicateContradict/ challenge/ clash with/ conflict with/ deny/ oppose to/ opposite of/ makes xxx seem incorrect-weak-inaccurate-dubious/ throw xxx into doubtSupport/ confirm/ back up/ buttress/ strengthen/ bolster/ advocate副词非常: very/ extraordinarily/ highly/ in the extreme/ extremely/ largely/ quite/ awfully/ considerably/ greatly明显的: clearly/ obviously/ distinctly/ evidently/ markedly/ visibly表连接后来: afterward/ consequentially/ then最后: finally/ eventually/ lastly/ in the end/ ultimately/ at length因此: therefore/ thus/ consequently/ in result/ hence/ as a result然而: however/ nevertheless/ whereasapproximately, nearly, almostgiven/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于，考虑到，尽管solely/ merely/ onlya vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列ofin term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾，尽管given/considering , in regard to/despite/although 有鉴于，考虑到，尽管Obviouspatent/apparent/evident/clear/visible/marked/noticeable/discernible/ plain/observable/Essentialimportant/vital/indispensable/crucial/critical/chief/fundamentalMainlychiefly/largely/primarily/principally/generally/Conspicuousstriking/prominent/noticeable/eye-catching/evident/patentHamperimpede/hinder/get in the way/encumber/obstruct/fetterDifferentdiverse/dissimilar/distinctive/unique/Legitimatejustifiable/acceptable/reasonable/valid/sensible/Creategenerate/invent/give rise to/originate/produce/construct/make/conceive Thinkdeem/believe/consider/judge/Conditioncircumstance/state/situation/Changealter/transform/modify/Happenoccur/take place/come about/Contrary toIn opposition to/ in sharp contrast to/ despite/ in spite of Convincingly/ compellingly/ forcefully/ successfully/ impressivelymyriad of, an amount of, a mass of, a wealth of, abundant, large numbers of, plentiful, substantive, vast, many, much, a great deal of, numerous, countless, incalculable, numberless, uncountable, unnumbered,make progress, advancement, be looking up, get ahead , go-ahead, on the upgrade , progress。

TOEFL写作高频替换词形容词替换Advisable 明智，可取的sound 有效的动词替换名词替换booming=development=advancement=prosperitysexy movie 性感的（≠sex movie=pornography）especially, particularly, in particularmainly, chiefly, primarily, (for the most part, partially, partly)wholly, fully, totally, completely, entirelyunavoidable, inevitable, inescapableinteresting, amusing, entertaining, fascinating, enjoyableendeavor to do, make great efforts to do, devote/dedicate oneself to, make/exert effortreach, achieve, accomplish, attain, fulfillimprove, upgrade, promote, boost, elevate, enhancedeal with, handle, tackle, cope withemphasize, lay/place emphasis/stress on, highlight, focus on, concentrate on, attach importance to, reinforcetake part in, participate in, be involved in, engage inreplace, take the place of, substitute foruse, utilize, apply to, employ, resort to, adopthave, possess, in possession of, be equipped withresponsibility, duty, obligationpersonality, character, person characteristic, natural dispositionbasis, foundation, keystone, cornerstonetendency, inclination, propensity, trenda vast/large amount of (un n.)an increasing number of, a vast majority of,randomly-oriented n.indulge in =be addicted to沉溺于stick tobe engaged in=be busy with=be fully occupied with=occupy oneself with/in=get involved in=involve oneself in=immerse oneself into=plunge oneself into忙于be devoted to=sacrifice oneself forcompletely=完全地be engrossed in= involve oneself in=immerse oneself into全神贯注于change=divertbe composed of=be comprised of=subordinate, underling=leader=head=chiefbe an integral part of=be an incontrovertible/indisputable/unchallengeable/immutable/undeniable section of=protion=proportionfraction= fragment=segmentattempt to=比较级前可用a bit/a little, rather/far/a lot/evenprospective, anticipative, expectant 预期的divergent= a variety ofrestriction n.corporation= collaboration=claim, incredulousthoughtadverse, inauspicious, unfavorable, harmful, detrimental, destructive, disastrousall walks of life, a variety of individuals/things, divergent categories of thingscontribute to, lead to, give rise to, bring about, result inenvironment, planetconfine, restrict, keep, trapget rid of, eliminate, removeabsorb, assimilate, take in(intake n.)pregnantresemblefeasible, workable, practicablepromising, favorablea tiny/microscopic/minuscule/diminutive/slight proportion/portion/section of…far beyondcontaminate, pollutebe likely/unlikely tointerrupt, disrupt, cut off, break uprenew, updateunprecedentedinnovative, creative, original(originality), novel(novelty), freshingenious adj. 机灵的, 精制的, 有独创性的upper, aboveaccounting computerization, accounting by electronic data processing 会计电算化accounting information system 会计信息系统emerge, appear,take place, occurlaggard 落后者proceeding n. 行动, 诉讼程序, 会议记录be attributed by, give rise to, bring about, result in, contribute to, lead tocoincide with正好coincidently赞成：support, favor + sth., approve + the idea that…, approve of。

through－>in term of/viaoperate－>manipulateoffspring－>descendantinevitable－dispensabledetail－>specificexplain－>interpretobvious－>conspicuoushurt－>vulnerableuse－>employ/utilizevalue－>meritprovide－>lend－>offertrue－>accurateleading to－>contribute to/ conduce to/result in more and more－>increasing/growinghardly－>merely－>barelywell-known－>outstandinglarge－>miraculous/marvelousalthough－>albeit/notwithstandingin fact－>actually/virtuallywant－>intend to/tend to/be inclined to because－>in thatmay be－>probablyto sum－>to summarize/in conclusionexplain－>interpret/illustratechange－>alertchance－>alternativecustom－>convention/traditionthink－>contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect arouse－>ignite/stimulate/spur/motivatelimit－>stress/hinder/hamperkey－>crucial/vital/consequentialold－>ancientemphasis－>accentuatedevote to－>dedicate tocharacter>trait/individuality/idiosyncrasy/pers onalityexpect－>anticipatejoin－>participatedelegate－>representativebias－>prejudice/discriminate/tendency thrive－>palmy/floushing/prosperityclash－>conflict/collision/rencounter publicize－>propagandizeagree partly－>agree with reserveproper－>appositewant to－>desirebig city－>metropolislawmaking－>legislationfirst－>primarilybut－>nonetheless/neverthelesschild－>juvenileabsorb－>assimilatehand in－>renderundermine－>sap/enervate/debilitateget into chaos－>with chaos ensuingkey－>pivot/cruxsway－>vacillatefanatic patriotism－>jingoism/chauvinism persusive>thorough/sound/specific/convincing consider－>take into accountvague>gratuitous/unwarranted/oversimplified。

动词替换：1.Improve 提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance2.change 改变：Transform3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法)4.Develop培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture5.Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate这两个词用了就牛X了6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。

7.deal With解决Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve8.need 需要Require、necessitate、call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个）形容词替换：1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished7.Serious 严重的Severe8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive名词替换：1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency、Criminal Act4.Environment 环境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience5.Pollution 污染Contamination6.Human 人类The human raceHumanityHumankind7.Danger 危险Peril、Hazard8.In modern society 在当今社会In contemporary societyIn present-day societyIn this day and age（这是最牛的说法）连接词+名词Firstly: previously, beforehand, foremost, initially★★★★★, originally, formerly（后面须有相对应的latterly）, principally, mainly, essentially, basically, fundamentally★★★★★, to begin with, to start with, at the outset…Then: subsequently★★★★★, afterward, thereafter, after that, succeeding (adj.), what is more, furthermore (further more)…Lastly: ultimately★★★★★, eventually, in conclusion, to conclude, as a final point, last of all…Too: as well (句末), in addition（句前）, besides（句前）, moreover（句前）, additionally （句前）★★★★★…And（这些换用多用在句子间连接）: plus, as well as, along with, in addition★★★★★, bonus, with…Or（这些换用多用在句子间连接）: otherwise, if not, before, or else…So (adv): therefore★★★★★, thus, consequently, accordingly, as a result, for that reason, henceBecause: as, due to★★★★★（后面只能接宾语，不能接句子）, since★★★★★, as to, in that, for the reason that, for, now that…But: however（换用的时候需要注意与but的区别）, moreover, nevertheless★★★★★, nonetheless★★★★★, on the contrary, on the other hand, 让步although, even thought, though, even if, while, despite the fact that ★★★★★…Only: just, merely, barely★★★★★, singly, solely, rarely★★★★★…Without: excluding★★★★★…Very: extremely★★★★★, acutely, decidedly, deeply, exceedingly, greatly, highly, uncommonly, profoundly★★★★★, unusually…Actually: as a matter of fact★★★★★, in fact, in point of fact, in reality, literally★★★★★, truly …名词Problem: issue★★★★★, case, trouble, difficulty, dilemma（注意与Problem之间差别）.Meeting: conference★★★★★, discussion, assembly, conclave, congress, convention★★★★★, gathering session, assignation★★★★★, encounter, confrontation, argument, controversy…Study: lessons, research, school work, examination, analysis★★★★★（此词仅有名词词性, consideration, contemplation, inspection, investigation★★★★★, knowledge, scholarship…Advantage: benefit, dominance, precedence, profit, superiority, merit…Disadvantage: shortcoming★★★★★, weakness, inconvenience, drawback★★★★★, deficiency, flaw★★★★★, handicap (also v. 妨碍), downside, limitation.Life: existence★★★★★, conduct, life style ★★★★★, way of life形容词/副词Important: essential, significant★★★★★, vital, crucial★★★★★, profound★★★★★, play a pushing role, indispensable, requisite, critical★★★★★, fundamental★★★★★, primary, elementary, underlying, rudimentary★★★★★, basically, necessary…Angry: annoyed★★★★★, cross, displeased, enraged, exasperated★★★★★, incensed, infuriated, irate, mad (informal), livid (informal), berserk, outraged★★★★★, resentful★★★★★…Big: gigantic★★★★★, massive★★★★★, colossal, enormous, immense★★★★★, gargantuan, tremendous★★★★★, titanic, giant, vast, large, huge, monster, bulky,Good: marvelous, fabulous, gorgeous, spectacular★★★★★, outstanding★★★★★, distinguished, remarkable★★★★★, superb, incredible, unbelievable, out of this world, magnificent★★★★★, charmin★★★★★g, stunning, fantastic★★★★★, terrific, excellent, great, wonderful, amazing, awesomeMany: numerous, myriad★★★★★, infinite,Forever (adv): infinity, eternal, timeless★★★★★, everlasting★★★★★，undying, endless, changeless, perpetually★★★★★…无老师的《iBT新托福金牌五星作文模板词》又来啦！Small: minimum, diminutive★★★★★, minute★★★★★, petite, wee, undersized, teeny, tiny, little, petite（女子身高娇小）Bad: awful★★★★★, terrible, dreadful, defective, faulty, imperfect★★★★★, inadequate★★★★★, poor, substandard, unsatisfactory★★★★★, harmful, damaging, deleterious, detrimental, hurtful, ruinous, unhealthy, evil, immoral（此词的意思是“不道德的”，请用于适当场合）★★★★★…Beautiful: charming★★★★★, charismatic★★★★★, attractive, gorgeous, pretty, endearing, sweet★★★★★, adorable,eye-catching★★★★★, handsome, hot, cute, good-looking, lovable, engaging…Clever: brilliant, knowledgeable★★★★★, intellectual, intelligent★★★★★, excellent, bright, smartHappy: delightful★★★★★, delectable, elated, glad, overjoyed★★★★★, pleased, jubilant★★★★★, merry, joyful,Fast：swift★★★★★, quick, rapid, speedy★★★★★, hasty, nippy, like lightning★★★★★,Hurry (v): hustle★★★★★, rush★★★★★, make haste, tear, step on it, dash, get a move on, step on it, scoot.Clear: obvious, apparent, blatant, comprehensible★★★★★, conspicuous★★★★★, distinct, evident, manifest, palpable, plain, pronounced★★★★★, recognizable, transparent, intelligible★★★★★, lucid, plain, understandable★★★★★, uninvolved, simple, …Easy: simple, effortless★★★★★, no trouble, painless★★★★★, plain sailing, uncomplicated★★★★★, undemanding, unproblematic, a piece of cake (informal), child’s play (informal),…Dangerous: perilous, breakneck, chancy (informal), hazardous★★★★★, insecure, precarious, risky, unsafe, vulnerable★★★★★Personally：from my personal perspective★★★★★, as far as I am concerned, from my point of view, from my angle★★★★★, consider, conceive, perspective★★★★★…Direct: bald★★★★★, basic, frank, naked, plain★★★★★, sincere★★★★★, stark, straightforward, candid, forthright, outspoken….Difficult: hard, tricky, complicated★★★★★, complex, intricate★★★★★, involved, knotty, perplexin★★★★★g, puzzling, thorny…动词Think (that): hold★★★★★the (opinion/ belief/ position/stand point/idea) that, assume, believe, deem, reckon, argue, maintain★★★★★, suppose, conceive, insist(坚定认为）★★★★★, be convinced, to my knowledge,Show: convey★★★★★, reveal★★★★★, express, corroborate, justify, imply, verify, clarify, signify, exemplify, illuminate, substantiate, demonstrate, elucidate, denote★★★★★, characterized as, instruct, display, disclose★★★★★, indicate, means, explain, give an/a example (reason, explanation) of, bear out, point out, point toward…Know: realize, comprehend, identify, distinguish, discern, notice, perceive, recognize, see, understand, figure out, be acquainted with, be familiar with,Get: acquire, attain★★★★★, achieve（本词其实很棒，但是只限于艰苦努力后的获得）, obtain, gain★★★★★Suggest: have a proposal in,Increase: magnify★★★★★, expand, proliferate, mushroom, improve, enhance, advance★★★★★…无老师的《iBT新托福金牌五星作文模板词》又来啦！Affect: Impress★★★★★, inspire, influence ★★★★★, imprint of, impact★★★★★Stop: halt★★★★★, cease★★★★★, desist, end, pause, put an end to★★★★★, quit, refrain, shut down, terminate★★★★★…Make: create★★★★★, assemble, built, construct★★★★★, form★★★★★, manufacture; fore, cause★★★★★, compel, constrain★★★★★, drive, impel, induce, oblige, prevail, upon, require…Give: present★★★★★, award, contribute, deliver, donate★★★★★, grant, hand over, hand out, provide, supplyBreak：separate, burst, crack★★★★★, destroy, disintegrate, fracture★★★★★, fragment, shatter★★★★★, smash, snapDestroy: ruin★★★★★, raze, annihilate, crush★★★★★, demolish, devastate★★★★★, eradicate, shatter, wipe out, wreck★★★★★, obliterate, weaken, undermine★★★★★…Happen: occur, come about★★★★★, come to pass, develop, result, take place, transpire。

高级词汇替换satisfy=gratify (gratified her curiosity)short=fleeting“fleeting passions of fantasy”ephemeral (“There remain some truths too ephemeral to be captured in the cold pages of a court transcript or . . . opinion”)scholarship=fellowship (be admitted to fellowship)angry=enraged (be enraged at [by] sb.'s conduct，be enraged with sb.)smelly=malodorous (The cellar will need to be cleared of several malodorous piles of garbage)ugly=hideous (a hideous face, hideous conduct)attractive=appealing (an appealing manner)absorbing (Shell collecting can be so absorbing that you don’t notice the tide coming in )diverse=miscellaneous (“My reading . . . had been extremely miscellaneous”) disorder=disarray (The child had disarrayed the books. The troops were in disarray.) chaos (The country descends into a economic chaos)crazily=frantically (The little baby kicked frantically in the cradle)rapid=meteoric (a meteoric rise to fame)ordinary=mundane (mundane chores, like washing dishes)despite=notwithstanding (The teams played on, notwithstanding the rain.)best=optimal (near optimal, time optimal)sharp=acute(“a raw, chilling and psychologically acute novel of human passions reduced to their deadliest essence”)unbelievable=inconceivable (an inconceivable victory against all odds.)puzzle=perplex (perplex an issue,perplex a man with questions)method=avenue (avenue to success)distinguished (distinguished guest,distinguished for diligence)ancient=archaic (an archaic bronze statuette. archaic laws.)decorate=embellish (a fanciful account that embellishes the true story.)possible=feasible (looking for feasible ways)so=consequently (His long illness and consequent absence put him far behind in his work.) accordingly(You may arrange accordingly.)rare=infrequent (infrequent oases in the desert.)greedy=rapacious (human’s rapacious appetite for money)hot=boiling (fainted because it was boiling hot; boiling mad over the mistake.) dangerous=perilous (a perilous journey through hostile territory)hazardous(a hazardous investment)nowadays=currentlyonly=unique (the unique existing example of Donne's handwriting.)distinctive(distinctive tribal tattoos. “Jerusalem has a distinctive Middle East flavor”)stop=cease (“fold our wings,/And cease from wanderings”)part=component n. adj.(Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.) result=consequence (an issue of consequence. take upon oneself the consequences. ) obvious=apparent(an apparent advantage.)manifest(“Mercedes . . . manifested the chaotic abandonment of hysteria”) based on=derived from (derive a conclusion from facts.)quite=fairly(a fairly good dinner.)pathetic=lamentable (a lamentable situation)field=domain (the domain of the People's Repubulic of China)emerge (The truth emerged at the inquest.)whole=entire (entire affection)wet=moist (moist eyes)damp (Their mother's illness cast a damp over the Christmas holidays.) humid (humid air; a humid evening)wrong=erroneous (erroneous conclusions.)difficult=formidable(“Though a true hero, he was also a thoroughgoing bureaucrat and politician, a formidable combination”)change=convert (was converted to pacifism by the war.)typical=quintessential (“Liszt was the quintessential romantic)careful=cautious (felt a cautious optimism that the offer would be accepted.) prudent (be modest and prudent)ability=capacity (a capacity crowd at the concert.at full capacity)capability (a student of great capabilities.)strange=eccentric (an eccentric character)rich=affluent (“the so-called emerging affluents”)use=utilize (we must utilize all the tools at our disposal)dubious=a dubious distinction.skeptical (a skeptical attitude; skeptical of political promises.)hard-working=assiduous(an assiduous worker who strove for perfection. assiduous research)difficult=arduous (a long, arduous, and exhausting war.)poor(soil)=barren (barren efforts. writing barren of insight.)infertile (only parched, infertile fields remained after months of drought) fragile=brittle The duchess, though well-known as a society hostess, conveyed an unmistakably brittle air.vulnerable (“We are vulnerable both by water and land, without either fleet or army”)show=demonstrate (demonstrated against tax hikes.)big=massive(“Local defense must be reinforced by the further deterrent of massive retaliatory power”)colossal (a colossal monument, in one's colossal ignorance)tremendous (tremendous applause)avoid=shun (Materialists face truth, whereas idealists shun it.)fair=impartial (impartial justice)attack=assault (make a surprise assault on)assail (was assailed by doubts.)dislike=abhor(“The problem with Establishment Republicans is they abhor the unseemliness of a political brawl”)loathe (loathe the sight of food)ruin=devastate (A long war devastated Europe.)always=invariably (invariably noisy quarrels)forever=perpetual (a treaty of perpetual friendship.)immutable (immutable to change)surprise=startle (startle sb. out of one's wits)astound (astound and bewilder sb)astonish (The news astonished everybody.)enthusiasm=zeal (show zeal for one's work)fervency (the guest soloist was able to infuse the familiar hymn with a moving fervency)quiet=tranquil (a tranquil life in the country)serene (serene skies and a bright blue sea.)expensive=exorbitant (exorbitant prices.)luxurious=lavish (The critics were lavish with their praise.)sumptuous (“He likes big meals, so I cook sumptuous ones”）boring=tedious (a tedious story accompaning a serpentine narrative mechanism)respect=esteem (hold sb. in high esteem. In their esteem, the bill was worthless.) worry=fret (“fret thy soul with crosses and with cares”)cold=chilly (a chilly story, chilly politeness)icy (an icy welcome)important=crucial(at the crucial moment)significant(no significant opposition)common=universal(“This discovery of literature has as yet only partially penetrated the universal consciousness”)ubiquitous(“plodded through the shadows fruitlessly like an ubiquitous spook”)abundant=ample(an ample living room, ample evidence)plentiful(Gasoline won’t always be cheap and plentiful)stick=adhere(adhere to the original plan)cling(clinging to outdated customs.)neglect=ignore(ignore reality to pursue roc’s egg)near=adjacent(be adjacent to)adjoin(property that adjoins ours.)pursue=woo(woo fame and fortune. woo one's own destruction)seek(Water seeks its own level. Seek prestige and privilege)accurate=precise(at that precise moment. “The setting up of this Maypole was a lamentable spectacle to the precise separatists that lived at New Plymouth”) exact(an exact replica ,a harsh leader who exacts obedience.)vague=obscure(“an impulse to go off and fight certain obscure battles of his own spirit”. His success obscured his failures.)top=peak(a novel written at the peak of the writer's career.)summit(a summit conference)competitor=rival(“They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival”)opponent(“two men, one . . . a zealous supporter and the other a zealousopponent of the system pursued”)blame=condemn(condemned the needless waste of food.)opinion=perspective(“It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the present”)standpoint(From an economic standpoint, this policy is sound)fame=prestige(a position of prestige in diplomatic circles.)reputation(a reputation for courtesy.)build=erect(an erect posture. erect a skyscraper.)establish(establish goodwill in the neighborhood.)insult=humiliate(The country was humiliated by defeat.)complain=grumble(“The governed will always find something to grumble about”) primary=radical(radicals seeking to overthrow the social order.)fundamental(a book that underwent fundamental revision.)relieve=alleviate(a drug that alleviates cold symptoms.)force=coerces into (coerced the strikers into compliance)compel(“The land, in a certain, very real way, compels the minds of the people”)enlarge=magnify(You have grossly magnified a trivial situation.)complex=intricate(an intricate plot)Lonely=solitary(solitary pursuits such as reading and sewing.)small=minuscule(chemical is harmless in minuscule amount)minute held a minute inspection of the grounds.praise=extol(the health benefits of exercise are widely extolled)compliment(A sincere compliment boosts one's morale.)。

高级词汇替换satisfy=gratify (gratified her curiosity)short=fleeting“fleeting passions of fantasy”ephemeral (“There remain some truths too ephemeral to be captured in the cold pages of a court transcript or . . . opinion”)scholarship=fellowship (be admitted to fellowship)angry=enraged (be enraged at [by] sb.'s conduct，be enraged with sb.)smelly=malodorous (The cellar will need to be cleared of several malodorous piles of garbage)ugly=hideous (a hideous face, hideous conduct)attractive=appealing (an appealing manner)absorbing (Shell collecting can be so absorbing that you don’t notice the tide coming in )diverse=miscellaneous (“My reading . . . had been extremely miscellaneous”) disorder=disarray (The child had disarrayed the books. The troops were in disarray.) chaos (The country descends into a economic chaos)crazily=frantically (The little baby kicked frantically in the cradle)rapid=meteoric (a meteoric rise to fame)ordinary=mundane (mundane chores, like washing dishes)despite=notwithstanding (The teams played on, notwithstanding the rain.)best=optimal (near optimal, time optimal)sharp=acute(“a raw, chilling and psychologically acute novel of human passions red uced to their deadliest essence”)unbelievable=inconceivable (an inconceivable victory against all odds.)puzzle=perplex (perplex an issue,perplex a man with questions)method=avenue (avenue to success)distinguished (distinguished guest,distinguished for diligence)ancient=archaic (an archaic bronze statuette. archaic laws.)decorate=embellish (a fanciful account that embellishes the true story.)possible=feasible (looking for feasible ways)so=consequently (His long illness and consequent absence put him far behind in his work.) accordingly(You may arrange accordingly.)rare=infrequent (infrequent oases in the desert.)greedy=rapacious (human’s rapacious appetite for money)hot=boiling (fainted because it was boiling hot; boiling mad over the mistake.) dangerous=perilous (a perilous journey through hostile territory)hazardous(a hazardous investment)nowadays=currentlyonly=unique (the unique existing example of Donne's handwriting.)distinctive(distinctive tribal tattoos. “Jerusalem has a distinctive Middle East flavor”)stop=cease (“fold our wings,/And cease from wanderings”)part=component n. adj.(Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.) result=consequence (an issue of consequence. take upon oneself the consequences. ) obvious=apparent(an apparent advantage.)manifest(“Mercedes . . . manifested the chaotic abandonment of hysteria”) based on=derived from (derive a conclusion from facts.)quite=fairly(a fairly good dinner.)pathetic=lamentable (a lamentable situation)field=domain (the domain of the People's Repubulic of China)emerge (The truth emerged at the inquest.)whole=entire (entire affection)wet=moist (moist eyes)damp (Their mother's illness cast a damp over the Christmas holidays.) humid (humid air; a humid evening)wrong=erroneous (erroneous conclusions.)difficult=formidable(“Though a true hero, he was also a thoroughgoing bureaucrat and politician, a formidable combination”)change=convert (was converted to pacifism by the war.)typical=quintessential (“Liszt was the quintessential romantic)careful=cautious (felt a cautious optimism that the offer would be accepted.)prudent (be modest and prudent)ability=capacity (a capacity crowd at the concert.at full capacity)capability (a student of great capabilities.)strange=eccentric (an eccentric character)rich=affluent (“the so-called emerging affluents”)use=utilize (we must utilize all the tools at our disposal)dubious=a dubious distinction.skeptical (a skeptical attitude; skeptical of political promises.)hard-working=assiduous (an assiduous worker who strove for perfection. assiduous research) difficult=arduous (a long, arduous, and exhausting war.)poor(soil)=barren (barren efforts. writing barren of insight.)infertile (only parched, infertile fields remained after months of drought) fragile=brittle The duchess, though well-known as a society hostess, conveyed an unmistakably brittle air.vulnerable (“We are vulnerable both by water and land, without either fleet or army”)demonstrate (demonstrated against tax hikes.)big=massive(“Local defense must be reinforced by the further deterrent of massive retaliatory power”)colossal (a colossal monument, in one's colossal ignorance)tremendous (tremendous applause)avoid=shun (Materialists face truth, whereas idealists shun it.)fair=impartial (impartial justice)attack=assault (make a surprise assault on)assail (was assailed by doubts.)dislike=abhor(“The problem with Establishment Republicans is they abhor the unseemliness of a political brawl”)loathe (loathe the sight of food)ruin=devastate (A long war devastated Europe.)always=invariably (invariably noisy quarrels)forever=perpetual (a treaty of perpetual friendship.)immutable (immutable to change)surprise=startle (startle sb. out of one's wits)astound (astound and bewilder sb)astonish (The news astonished everybody.)enthusiasm=zeal (show zeal for one's work)fervency (the guest soloist was able to infuse the familiar hymn with a moving fervency)quiet=tranquil (a tranquil life in the country)serene (serene skies and a bright blue sea.)expensive=exorbitant (exorbitant prices.)luxurious=lavish (The critics were lavish with their praise.)sumptuous (“He likes big meals, so I cook sumptuous ones”）boring=tedious (a tedious story accompaning a serpentine narrative mechanism)esteem (hold sb. in high esteem. In their esteem, the bill was worthless.) worry=fret (“fret thy soul with crosses and with cares”)cold=chilly (a chilly story, chilly politeness)icy (an icy welcome)important=crucial(at the crucial moment)significant(no significant opposition)common=universal(“This discovery of literature has as yet only partially penetrated the universal consciousness”)ubiquitous(“plodded through the shadows fruitlessly like an ubiquitous spook”) abundant=ample(an ample living room, ample evidence)plentiful(Gasoline won’t always be cheap and plentiful)stick=adhere(adhere to the original plan)cling(clinging to outdated customs.)neglect=ignore(ignore reality to pursue roc’s egg)near=adjacent(be adjacent to)adjoin(property that adjoins ours.)pursue=woo(woo fame and fortune. woo one's own destruction)seek(Water seeks its own level. Seek prestige and privilege)accurate=precise(at that precise moment. “The setting up of this Maypole was a lamentable spectacle to the precise separatists that lived at New Plymouth”) exact(an exact replica ,a harsh leader who exacts obedience.)vague=obscure(“an impulse to go off and fight certain obscure battles of his own spirit”. His success obscured his failures.)top=peak(a novel written at the peak of the writer's career.)summit(a summit conference)competitor=rival(“They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival”)opponent(“two men, one . . . a zealous supporter and the other a zealous o pponent of the system pursued”)condemn(condemned the needless waste of food.)opinion=perspective(“It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the present”)standpoint(From an economic standpoint, this policy is sound)fame=prestige(a position of prestige in diplomatic circles.)reputation(a reputation for courtesy.)build=erect(an erect posture. erect a skyscraper.)establish(establish goodwill in the neighborhood.)insult=humiliate(The country was humiliated by defeat.)complain=grumble(“The governed will always find something to grumble about”) primary=radical(radicals seeking to overthrow the social order.)fundamental(a book that underwent fundamental revision.)relieve=alleviate(a drug that alleviates cold symptoms.)force=coerces into (coerced the strikers into compliance)compel(“The land, in a certain, very real way, compels the minds of the people”)enlarge=magnify(You have grossly magnified a trivial situation.)complex=intricate(an intricate plot)Lonely=solitary(solitary pursuits such as reading and sewing.)small=minuscule(chemical is harmless in minuscule amount)minute held a minute inspection of the grounds.praise=extol(the health benefits of exercise are widely extolled)compliment(A sincere compliment boosts one's morale.)。

英语高级作文替换词汇Replacing vocabulary in advanced English compositions can elevate the sophistication and clarity of your writing. Here are some suggestions for replacing common words with more advanced alternatives:1. Introduction:Common: This essay discusses...Advanced: This discourse examines...2. Thesis Statement:Common: This shows that...Advanced: This demonstrates...3. Body Paragraph Transitions:Common: Additionally, Furthermore, Moreover。

Advanced: Furthermore, In addition, Additionally。

4. Supporting Evidence:Common: For example, For instance。

Advanced: Illustratively, Specifically。

5. Conclusion:Common: In conclusion, To sum up。

Advanced: Ultimately, In summation。

6. Expressing Contrast:Common: However, On the other hand。

Advanced: Conversely, Nevertheless。

7. Expressing Similarity:Common: Similarly, Likewise。