初中入学考试英语试卷及答案

中学入学英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共10分）1. What is the boy doing?A. Reading a bookB. Playing footballC. Watching TV2. Where does the conversation most likely take place?A. In a restaurantB. At a schoolC. In a library3. What time does the school start?A. At 8:00B. At 8:30C. At 9:004. How does the girl feel?A. TiredB. ExcitedC. Bored5. What does the man want to buy?A. A penB. A notebookC. A pencil二、单项选择（共20分）6. The teacher asked us ________ late for school.A. don't beB. not beC. not to beD. to not be7. She ________ her homework yesterday.A. finishB. finishedC. finishingD. finishes8. There ________ some milk and bread on the table.A. isB. areC. wasD. were9. ________ you see the sign over there? It says "No Parking."A. CanB. MayC. MustD. Shall10. The book is too difficult for the children ________.A. readB. to readC. readingD. reads三、完形填空（共20分）11. This is a story about two friends, Tom and Jerry. They ________ to the park last Sunday.A. wentB. goC. goesD. going12. They ________ a lot of fun playing games.A. haveB. hadC. hasD. having13. Suddenly, it started to rain. They ________ to find shelter.A. tryB. triesC. triedD. trying14. They ________ under a big tree and waited for the rain to stop.A. standB. stoodC. standingD. stands15. After the rain stopped, they ________ home happily.A. walkB. walkedC. walksD. walking四、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1Tom is a student. He likes reading books very much. He often goes to the library to borrow books. Last week, he borrowed a book about animals. He read it in two days. He liked it very much. This week, he wants to borrow another book about science.16. What does Tom like to do?A. Play sportsB. Read booksC. Watch moviesD. Listen to music17. Where does Tom often go to borrow books?A. The bookstoreB. The libraryC. The schoolD. The internet18. How long did it take Tom to read the book about animals?A. One dayB. Two daysC. Three daysD. Four daysPassage 2Alice is a new student in our school. She is from England. She likes playing tennis and swimming. She often plays tennis with her classmates after school. On weekends, she usually goes swimming with her friends. She is good at both sports.19. Where is Alice from?A. AmericaB. EnglandC. AustraliaD. China20. What sports does Alice like?A. Tennis and swimmingB. Basketball and footballC. Badminton and table tennisD. Volleyball and baseball21. When does Alice usually play tennis?A. Before schoolB. After schoolC. On weekendsD. In the morning五、书面表达（共20分）22. Write at least 60 words about your favorite subject and why you like it.Answers:一、听力理解1-5 CABCA二、单项选择6-10 CBBCB三、完形填空11-15 ABDCB四、阅读理解16-21 B B B A B A五、书面表达(略)。

初中英语入学试题及答案一、听力部分（共20分）1. What's the weather like today?A. SunnyB. RainyC. CloudyAnswer: A2. How many people are there in the picture?A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourAnswer: B3. What does the woman want to buy?A. A bookB. A penC. A pencilAnswer: C4. When is the school trip?A. On MondayB. On TuesdayC. On WednesdayAnswer: A5. What time does the movie start?A. At 7:00 PMB. At 7:30 PMC. At 8:00 PMAnswer: B二、单项选择（共20分）6. What _______ your name?A. isB. amC. areAnswer: A7. This is _______ classroom.A. weB. usC. ourAnswer: C8. _______ you have a good time at the party?A. DoB. DoesC. AreAnswer: A9. The book is _______ the desk and the chair.A. inB. onC. betweenAnswer: C10. _______ is your brother?A. WhatC. WhoAnswer: A三、完形填空（共20分）11. I _______ to school by bus every day.A. goB. goesC. goingAnswer: A12. She _______ her homework at home.A. doesB. doC. didAnswer: A13. There _______ some apples on the table.A. isB. areC. wereAnswer: B14. _______ you like to play basketball?A. DoB. DoesC. AreAnswer: A15. He usually _______ TV in the evening.A. watchesC. watchedAnswer: A四、阅读理解（共20分）16. Read the following passage and choose the best answer.Tom is a student. He likes playing football very much. Heoften plays football with his friends after school. Hisfavorite subject is English. He thinks English is interesting. His favorite teacher is Mrs. Smith. She is very kind and patient.A. What does Tom like to do after school?B. What is Tom's favorite subject?C. Who is Tom's favorite teacher?Answer: A. Playing football, B. English, C. Mrs. Smith17. Read the following passage and choose the best answer.Mary is a teacher. She teaches math at a middle school. She likes her job very much. She has many students. Some of them are very good at math, but some of them find it difficult. Mary always tries to help them.A. What does Mary do?B. What is Mary's job?C. How does Mary feel about her job?Answer: A. A teacher, B. Teaching math, C. Very much五、书面表达（共20分）18. Write a short passage about your favorite subject and why you like it. (不少于50个单词)My favorite subject is English. I like English because it is very interesting and useful. I can communicate with people from different countries in English. I also enjoy reading English books and watching English movies. My English teacher is very kind and patient. She always helps me when I have problems. I hope I can learn English well and use it in the future.。

初一上学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. How are you?A. Fine, thank you.B. I'm fine.C. I'm good.D. I'm well.2. What's this in English?A. It's a book.B. It's an apple.C. It's a pen.D. It's a desk.3. What color is your schoolbag?A. It's red.B. It's blue.C. It's green.D. It's black.4. How many books are there on the desk?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.5. Where is the teacher's office?A. On the first floor.B. On the second floor.C. On the third floor.D. On the fourth floor.6. What does your mother do?A. She is a teacher.B. She is a doctor.C. She is a nurse.D. She is a driver.7. When do you get up every morning?A. At 6:00.B. At 7:00.C. At 8:00.D. At 9:00.8. What's your favorite subject?A. Math.B. English.C. Science.D. History.9. How much is the T-shirt?A. 10 yuan.B. 20 yuan.C. 30 yuan.D. 40 yuan.10. What are you doing?A. I'm reading a book.B. I'm watching TV.C. I'm playing football.D. I'm listening to music.二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. This is ______ (我的) book.2. That is ______ (她的) cat.3. ______ (你) name is Jack.4. ______ (他) brother is a student.5. ______ (我们) are in the same class.6. ______ (他们) are from England.7. ______ (我) sister is a teacher.8. ______ (你们) are very kind.9. ______ (它) is a dog.10. ______ (她们) are my friends.三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

九年级英语入学考试试卷（含答案）英语Ⅰ. 知识运用〔两个局部，共20小题，计25分〕第一节单项填空从A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。

〔共10小题，计10分〕1. Alex and Tom are outgoing so _______ of them are afraid of speaking at the meeting.A. neitherB. noneC. bothD. all2. Mr. Green is a kind man. He always tries his best to help ______ weak.A. aB. theC. anD. 不填3. No one can help you all the time. You should be ______ control of your life.A. forB. atC. onD. in4. —Why didn’t you come to my birthday party yesterday?—Sorry, I was so busy that I _______ forgot it.A. suddenlyB. completelyC. recentlyD. quietly5. These books are his favorites, so he did n’t want to ______ any of them at the yard sale.A. part withB. make upC. put awayD. take down6. The boy didn’t get an education so he has problems ______ a job.A. to findB. findingC. findD. found7. Cathy hasn’t phoned her mother since she ______ to America. Her mother is worried about hera lot.A. goesB. will goC. wentD. has gone8. —Did you buy the bike for 200 yuan?—Yes. I have ______ it for about two years.A. hadB. returnedC. borrowedD. bought9. Tom, put the keys on the table ______ I can remember to take them with me when I go out.A. as long asB. unlessC. so thatD. because10. Could you pl ease ______ the window? It’s cold outside.A. openB. not openC. openingD. not opening第二节完形填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最正确答案。

初一入学英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What's this in English?A. 一支笔B. 一本书C. 一张桌子2. How old are you?A. 我十岁了。

B. 我十一岁了。

C. 我十二岁了。

3. What color is your schoolbag?A. 它是红色的。

B. 它是蓝色的。

C. 它是绿色的。

二、单项选择（共20分）4. What's your name?A. My name am Lily.B. My name is Lily.C. I name is Lily.5. What's this?A. This is a desk.B. That is a desk.C. It's a desk.6. How many books do you have?A. I have two book.B. I have two books.C. I have two a book.三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项填空。

Hello, I'm Tom. I'm a student. I'm 11 years old. I'm in Class 1, Grade 7. I have a good friend. His name is Jack. He is 12 years old. We are in the same class. We like English very much. We often 7 English songs together.7. A. singB. singsC. singing8. A. goB. goesC. to go9. A. andB. butC. or10. A. likeB. likesC. liking四、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

龙岗区外国语学校九年级入学英语考试满分60分考试时间安排：15: 00-15: 55 做英语试卷15: 56-16: 10 问卷星传答案第一部分选择题（50分）I. 完形填空（10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。

（共10小题，每题1分）A daughter graduated from college. Her father planned to teach her a 1 . He said to her, “My darling, you have grown up. Now I'm considering 2 .my car, and can you help me get a good price for it?”, The daughter agreed. Then the father asked her to take the car to 3 .places and then choose the best 4 .The daughter knew that her father's car was a good one. She was 5 .that the car was worth a good price although it looked pretty old. She went to the first place—a used car market, and they offered her $1, 000. Then in a pawn (典当) shop, she was told the car was worth just $200, which really 6 .the daughter. Finally, she went to a car club. The workers there told the daughter 7 .that the car was very hard to 8 .in the market because it had been no longer in production and that they wanted to buy the car any time at $50, 000 and even more.The daughter told these 9 .to her father. The father said, “Don't be surprised. The value (价值) of the car is different in different places. Only the right place can give you the right value. Therefore, if you are not appreciated (赏识) by someone, do not be angry. It just means you are in the 10 .place. You should move on and go to a better place where you can certainly go far.”1. A. lesson B. skill C. style D. habit2. A. washing B. selling C. repairing D. painting3. A. popular B. pleasant C. different D. busy4. A. type B. price C. shape D. example5. A. sorry B. thankful C. doubtful D. confident6. A. reminded B. changed C. surprised D. encouraged7. A. strangely B. excitedly C. worriedly D. helplessly8. A. move B. touch C. find D. use9. A. results B. plans C. needs D. reasons10. A. right B. small C. wrong D. bigII. 阅读理解（40分）第一节阅读下列短文，从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。

七年级新生入学考试试卷（60分钟)科目：英语笔试部分（满分100分）姓名：成绩：电话号码：一、1．将下面形容词变为比较级。

（每空2分，共10分）tall thin heavybig short2．将下面动词变为过去式。

（每空2分，共10分）ride wash staydo go二、单项选择(每空3分，共15分)( )1. －are your shoes? －Size 36.A.Which sizeB.How sizeC.What size( )2.－How is Sarah? －She is 13 years old.A.tallB.oldC.heavy( )3.---How tall are you?--- .A.I am 90mmB.I am 30cmC.I am 1.60 m .( )4.---How heavy is Mary?--- .A.She is 9.B.She is 49kg.C.She is 163cm.( )5.John is 50kg and Mike is 48kg. So John is than Mike.A.2kg heavierB.2kg shorterC.2kg young三、找出Ⅱ栏中与Ⅰ栏中相对应的答语，把标号填入提前括号。

（每空2分，共14分）ⅠⅡ( ) 1. How heavy are you? A. The yellow one.( ) 2. How tall are you ? B. I'm 15 years old.( ) 3. How old are you ? C. I'm 45 kg.( ) 4. What size are your shoes? D. I'm 158cm tall.( ) 5. How long are your legs? E. No，she isn’t.( ) 6. Is she taller than you? F. Size 39.( ) 7. Which monkey do you like? G. My legs are 86 centimeters.四、请在方框内选择合适的一项补全对话。

中学入学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共20分）1. What's this in English?A. It's a book.B. It's a desk.C. It's a pen.D. It's a chair.2. How do you spell "book"?A. /buk/B. /bʊk/C. /bɒk/D. /bɔk/3. What does "hello" mean?A. Goodbye.B. Hello.C. Thank you.D. Sorry....20. Where is the library?A. Next to the school.B. Opposite the bank.C. Behind the hospital.D. In front of the post office.二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）21. My name is _______. (我)22. _______ is my teacher. (她)23. _______ are my friends. (他们)24. The cat is _______ the box. (在...里面)25. _______ is your father? (谁)...30. The girl _______ a red dress is my sister. (穿着)三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

AIn my family, there are four people. My father is a doctor, my mother is a teacher, my sister and I are students. We all love our family.31. How many people are there in the writer's family?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.32. What does the writer's father do?A. He is a teacher.B. He is a doctor.C. He is a student.D. He is a writer....BTom is a good boy. He likes reading books and playing football. He often helps his mother with the housework.33. What does Tom like to do?A. Reading and playing football.B. Watching TV and playing games.C. Drawing and singing.D. Cooking and cleaning.34. What does Tom often do?A. He often watches TV.B. He often plays football.C. He often reads books.D. He often helps his mother....四、完形填空（每题1分，共10分）35. I am very _______ to see you.A. happyB. sadC. angryD. tired36. He _______ his homework every day.A. doesB. didC. is doingD. has done...45. The _______ is on the table.A. bookB. deskC. penD. chair五、书面表达（20分）46. 假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom将来中国旅游。

升初中英语试题及答案一、听力部分（共20分）1. 听对话，选择正确答案。

（每题2分，共10分）（1）A. Apple B. Banana C. Orange（2）A. Yes, he is. B. No, he isn't. C. I don't know.（3）A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.2. 听短文，回答问题。

（每题2分，共10分）（1）What is the weather like today?（2）What does the boy want to do after school?（3）Where are the speakers going to meet?二、词汇与语法部分（共30分）1. 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。

（每题1分，共10分）（1）There are many ______ (child) in the park.（2）She ______ (be) a teacher since 2010.（3）Let's ______ (go) to the library.2. 单项选择，选择最佳答案。

（每题2分，共20分）（1）What ______ you usually do after school?A. doB. doesC. didD. are（2）I ______ my homework at 8:00 p.m. yesterday.A. doB. didC. am doingD. was doing三、阅读理解部分（共30分）1. 阅读短文，判断正误。

（每题1分，共5分）（1）Tom likes playing basketball. ( )（2）Lily is Tom's sister. ( )（3）Tom and Lily go to school together. ( )2. 阅读短文，选择正确答案。

初三英语入学测试题及答案亲爱的同学们，欢迎参加初三英语入学测试。

本测试旨在评估你的英语水平，并帮助你更好地适应初三的英语学习。

请仔细阅读题目，并在规定时间内完成测试。

祝你好运！一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What's your name?A. My name is Tom.B. I'm fine, thank you.C. How are you?D. I'm thirteen years old.2. How do you go to school?A. By bike.B. By bus.C. On foot.D. All of the above.3. What do you usually do on weekends?A. Play sports.B. Watch TV.C. Do homework.D. All of the above.4. What's your favorite subject?A. English.B. Math.C. Science.D. Art.5. How often do you read English books?A. Every day.B. Once a week.C. Twice a week.D. Three times a week.6. What do you like to eat for breakfast?A. Bread and milk.B. Rice and vegetables.C. Noodles and soup.D. Hamburgers and fries.7. What time do you usually go to bed?A. 9:00 p.m.B. 10:00 p.m.C. 11:00 p.m.D. Midnight.8. What's your favorite sport?A. Soccer.B. Basketball.C. Swimming.D. Tennis.9. How many people are there in your family?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.10. What do you want to be in the future?A. A teacher.B. A doctor.C. An engineer.D. A scientist.二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. My favorite color is ________.12. I can speak ________ languages.13. I like to listen to ________ music.14. My favorite movie is ________.15. I usually go to school by ________.三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

2024年秋季八年级新生入学分班考试02（全国通用）英语试卷在你答题前，请认真阅读下面的注意事项，1.本试卷由第1卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分组成。

全卷共10页，七大题，满分120分。

考试用时120分钟2.答题前，请将你的姓名、准考证号填写在“答题卡”相应位置，并在“签题卡”背面左上角填写姓名和座位号3.答第Ⅰ卷（选择题）时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把“答题卡”上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后、再选涂其他答案。

答在“试卷”上无效，4.答第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）时，答案用0.5毫米黑色笔迹签字笔书写在“答题卡”上，答在“试卷”上无效，5.认真阅读答题卡上的注意事项。

预祝你取得优异成绩！第Ⅰ卷（选择题共80分）第一部分听力部分一、听力测试(共三节，满分25分)第一节(共4小题，每小题1分，满分4分)听下面4个问题，每个问题后有三个答语，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每个问题后，你都有5秒钟的时间来作答和阅读下一小题。

每个问题仅读一遍。

1．A．Yes,she does.B．No,they didn’t.C．Yes,they do.2．A．She could come.B．Of course you can.C．You are right.3．A．In my house.B．Reading.C．On foot.4．A．Yes,I am.B．At school.C．Much better.第二节（共8小题、每小题1分，满分8分）听下面8段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有1秒钟的时间来作答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

5．When did Emma start to take a walk last night?A．At7:00.B．At6:45.C．At7:15.6．How did Linda come to school today?A．By bike.B．By bus.C．By subway.7．What does the man think we should do?A．Plant more trees.B．Stop driving cars.C．Stop cutting down trees.8．Where are the speakers talking?A．At home.B．In the hospital.C．At the park.9．What does Tom have to do first?A．Play chess.B．Take out the rubbish.C．Clean his room.10．Where are the speakers?A．At the bus stop.B．At the station.C．At the subway station.11．When will the man see Bob?A．This Friday.B．Last Friday.C．This Saturday.12．What would the woman probably say to the man next?A．Lucky you!B．You’re welcome.C．Many thanks.第三节(共13小题，每小题1分，满分13分)听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

2024年秋季七年级新生入学分班考试英语试卷02（全国通用）（考试时间：90分钟满分：100分）一、单项选择（10分）1．—Hi, Dale!________ is my cousin. And ________ are his parents. —Nice to meet you!A．This; these B．That; this C．Those; these D．She; they【答案】A【详解】句意：——嗨，Dale！这是我的表弟。

这些是他的父母。

——很高兴见到你们！考查代词辨析。

this这个；that那个；these这些；those那些；she她；they他们。

介绍某人用固定句式This is…/These are…。

第一空后is是单数形式，故第一空应填this；第二空后are是复数形式，故第二空应填these，故选A。

2．Thank you for ________ 120 for my brother. He’s fine now.A．call B．calling C．e-mail D．e-mailing【答案】B【详解】句意：谢谢你为我弟弟打120。

他现在已经好了。

考查动词。

call给……打电话；e-mail给……发邮件。

根据句意可知，拨打120电话，应用call，并且Thank you for doing sth表示“因某事感谢某人”，for为介词，其后的动词应用动名词形式。

故选B。

3．—Wendy, it’s ten o’clock now. Don’t watch TV.—OK. I’ll turn it off. It’s time for me ________ bed.A．to go to B．going C．to go D．going to【答案】A【详解】句意：——温迪，现在10点钟了。

不要看电视了。

——好的，我将关掉它。

我知道我该上床睡觉了。

考查非谓语动词及动词短语。

重庆初中英语入学考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. What's this in English?A. 这是一个苹果。

B. This is a pen.C. That is a book.D. It's a cat.2. How do you say "谢谢你" in English?A. Thank youB. HelloC. GoodbyeD. Sorry3. Which word is a verb?A. AppleB. JumpC. BigD. Red4. What does "library" mean?A. 图书馆B. 公园C. 学校D. 医院5. Complete the sentence: "I like to read ______."A. bookB. booksC. book'sD. books'6. Choose the correct word to fill in the blank: "He is______ to the park."A. goB. goesC. goingD. went7. What is the opposite of "happy"?A. sadB. angryC. excitedD. bored8. Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: "The cat is ______ the box."A. inB. onC. atD. to9. Which sentence is correct?A. She don't like bananas.B. She doesn't like bananas.C. She not like bananas.D. She don't likes bananas.10. Choose the correct sentence to describe the weather.A. It's sunny.B. It's rain.C. It's windy.D. It's snowing.二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. The ______ (图书馆) is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.2. Can you ______ (借给我) this book?3. The teacher asked us to ______ (写下) our names.4. She is ______ (学习) English now.5. They ______ (去) to the zoo last Sunday.6. ______ (在) the morning, I eat breakfast.7. The boy ______ (跑) faster than the girl.8. ______ (谁的) is this red pen?9. The dog ______ (跳过) the fence.10. ______ (不要) be late for school.三、阅读理解（每题2分，共10分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

重庆初中英语入学考试试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. 听下面对话，选择正确答案。

A) 去图书馆B) 去电影院C) 去公园录音：W: Where would you like to go this afternoon?M: I'd like to go to the cinema to see a movie.答案：B2. 听下面对话，选择正确答案。

A) 雨停了B) 雨还在下C) 雨下得更大了录音：W: Is it raining now?M: Yes, it's raining harder than before.答案：C二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读以下短文，回答3-5题。

Last Sunday, I went to the zoo with my family. We saw many animals there. My favorite animal is the panda. It is very cute and friendly. We also saw elephants, lions, and tigers. The elephants are big and strong. The lions are very brave. The tigers are very fast. We had a great time at the zoo.3. Who went to the zoo?A) The writerB) The writer's familyC) The writer and his family答案：C4. What is the writer's favorite animal?A) ElephantB) LionC) Panda答案：C5. What did they see at the zoo?A) Only pandasB) Only lionsC) Pandas, elephants, lions, and tigers答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案。

英语第Ⅰ卷（共95分）I. 听力测试。

（共30分）第一节（每小题1.5分，共9分）听一遍。

根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

1. A. I went to the mountains. B. I like drawing. C. Yes, I did.2. A. She likes playing football.B. She is a good doctor. C. She has short hair.3. A. Yes, I would. B. Yes. I do. C. No, thanks.4. A. I can do both. B. No, she can't. C. Yes, I can.5. A. It was raining. B. It was bad. C. I'd like it.6. A. That's all right. B. See you then. C. Thank you.第二节（每小题1.5分，共9分）听一遍。

根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

7. A. We can't take photos. B. We can't eat. C. We can't talk loudly.8. A. Twice a week. B. Once a week. C. Twice a month.9. A. Noodles. B. Dumplings. C. Noodles and dumplings.10. A. She has short hair. B. She wears glasses. C. She is short.11. A. The bank. B. The park. C. The library.12. A. Because it was rainy. B. Because he was tired. C. Because it was boring.第三节（每小题1.5分，共6分）听两遍。