春季教案高一第十讲过去分词作定语、表语

“过去分词”之作定语、表语、宾补[讲一讲]一、过去分词作定语时，常指已完成的动作且与所修饰词之间为被动关系。

一般来说,如果是单个的过去分词，则放在所修饰词前，若是一个过去分词短语，则放在所修饰词后。

二、过去分词作表语时，往往表示一种状态，而被动语态则表示一个动作。

三、过去分词作宾语补足语时，表示被动或完成，作宾补的过去分词所表示的动作与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。

常见的可以接过去分词作宾补的动词有感官动词，使役动词以及leave, keep, want等。

另外，在with的复合结构中，也可以接过去分词。

如：With his homework finished, Peter went out to play football. 功课做完后，彼得出去踢足球了。

过去分词作宾补的特殊用法：have / get sth. done结构的三种意义：1. 使得某事被做（自己做）；2. 让/请别人做某事；3. 遭遇某种情况。

如：Look at your dirty clothes; you’d better get them washed.瞧你那脏衣服，你最好去洗洗。

（自己洗）I will have my long hair cut short tomorrow.我明天要去把我的长头发剪短。

（别人剪）I had my purse stolen on the bus.在公交车上，我的钱包让人给偷了。

（遭遇某种情况）[练一练]I. 翻译下列词组或句子。

1. 一个满意的微笑2. 惊恐的一瞥3. 一副惊讶的表情4. 你应该设法让人听懂你的话。

5. 他在百货大楼让人修好了电视机。

6. 我想让此事立刻得到解决。

II. 下面的补语都应该用过去分词来充当吗？请试试看！1. I’ll have my photo ______ (take) tomorrow.2. I want him ______ (finish) the homework in time.3. With his cell phone ______ (steal), the customer wanted to see the manager.4. The end of the story left me ______ (puzzle).5. I turned around because I heard someone ______ (speak) my hometown dialect. III. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

过去分词作表语，定语，宾语补足语及状语一．过去分词作表语1.表语：系动词后面的部分；e.g. He is a good student.That sounds good.2.过去分词作表语(1)用法：一般用来表示感受或状态（系动词+ 过去分词）e.g. No wonder he is excited!(2)可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：delighted, disappointed,upset, astonished, excited, frightened, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied3.用所给词的适当形式填空：(1) But he became ________(inspire)when he thought about helping ordinary people.(2) He got__________ (interest)in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.(3) Neither its cause, nor its cure was __________(understand).(4) He got ______________(blame) about losing the money.(5) The painter looked so _____(tire) after working for a whole day.(6) I was ___________ (disappoint)with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.(7) Everybody was _________(shock)to hear of the death of thefamous film star.(8) Everybody is really _______(excite) about the new Olympic stadiums.(9) His wound became _______ (infect)with a new virus.(10) They were ________(prepare) to accept my idea.(11) I’ll be _________(interest) to know how they mad the wonderful fireworks.(12) The mayor said that he was _______ (worry)about the _________(continue) rise of the water level in the river bed.(13) Most of the newspaper seems to be _________ (concern)with pop stars.(14) He was _________ (frighten)of going alone into the empty house.二．过分去分词作定语1 过去分词的形式: done2过去分词的用法：一般表示完成的、被动的动作。

过去分词作定语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。

从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词，形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语，表语，宾语补足语或状语。

考点1. 过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语的位置1）单个过去分词：一般情况下。

单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。

有时为了表示强调，也可放在所修饰词之后。

A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。

（谚语）Money spent is more than money earned。

花的钱比挣的钱多。

2）过去分词短语：过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后。

This will be the best novel of its kind of ever written. 这部小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。

This is the soldier wounded in the battle. 这就是战斗中受伤的战士。

真题链接After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______.A. providingB. providedC. have providedD. provide2.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义1）及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受着，且该动作已经完成。

The question discussed yesterday. 昨天讨论的那个问题。

The person killed last year. 去年被杀的那个人。

2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。

Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves in the yard. 秋天来了，院子里有许多落叶。

When I got up and went into the yard, I saw the risen sun. 当我起床并走进院子时，我看到太阳已经升起来了。

用心爱心专心1 过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过去分词：表示完成和被动的动作，具有形容词.副词的作用主要形式：done,have done, had done可作成分：定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语1.定语:表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,或指一个动作的完成。

1）单一过去分词做定语——被修饰的名词之前（除了不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody ，those...）E.g. It was the lost cat. =It was the cat which had lost. Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him. 2）过去分词短语作定语——被修饰的名词之后单个过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句E.g. E.g. People People People addicted addicted addicted to to to drugs drugs drugs are are are dangerous.=People dangerous.=People dangerous.=People who who who are are are addicted addicted addicted to to drugs are dangerous. This is a novel written by Luxun.=This is a novel which is written by Luxun. 【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系"，即"被动态"。

过去分词作定语，主要说明"业已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。

过去分词用法总结过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

一、过去分词作定语1. 一般情况下，单个分词作前置定语，过去分词短语作后置定语。

如：a used car旧车，a playground built last year去年修建的一个操场。

2. 及物动词的过去分词表示“被动”和完成”。

Many people questioned refused to answer. 被问的许多人都拒绝回答。

Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title given to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. 五人获得了“中国绿色人物奖”，这是一个颁给对环保有贡献的普通人物的奖项。

3. 不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语，只表示“完成”，不表示被动。

如：the risen sun已升起的太阳，fallen leaves落叶。

4. astonish, disappoint, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, move, please, puzzle, satisfy, surprise, tire等表示心理状态的动词的过去分词作定语，表示被修饰的词所具有的特征，意为“感到……的”。

（其现在分词表示所修饰的词本身所处的状态，意为“令人……的”）。

Mr. Smith, tired of the tiring speech, started to read a novel. 史米斯先生厌倦了乏味的演讲,开始读小说。

This is a boring lecture. 这是一个令人厌烦的报告。

The excited children couldn't go to sleep all night long.这些兴奋的孩子整个晚上无法入睡。

第十讲过去分词作定语、表语和状语姓名：学校：年级：【学习目标】主要掌握动词-ed形式作定语、表语和状语。

【知识要点】一、作定语过去分词作定语时相当于一个定语从句，其被动和完成的含义可以在从句中表现出来，比定语从句更简洁。

在逻辑上，过去分词与被修饰的词之间是动宾关系。

1）．单个过去分词作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词之前。

At that time“love”was a forbibben topic to be written or talked about .= At that time“love”was a topic that was forbidden to be written or talked about.那时，“爱情”是一个被禁止写作或谈论的话题。

2）.过去分词短语作定语时，通常置于被修饰的名词之后。

Her daughter, brought up by me(=who was brought up by me) has begun to work now.由我带大的她的女儿现在已经开始工作了。

3）.有些单个的过去分词，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，spoken(被说的)，written(被写的)，等，习惯上用作后置定语。

In many countries, words spoken are different from words written.在很多国家，口头用语与书面用语有区别。

注意：不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动，只表主动和完成意义。

fallen leaves 落叶the gone days 逝去的时光the exploded bomb 已爆炸的炸弹4）. 现在分词作定语与过去分词作定语的区别1.现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作，变为从句时需要用进行时态；若表示经常性的动作或现在的状态，变为从句时用时态。

eg：The house standing (=that stands) at the of the street was built in 1982.在街道拐角处的房子建于1982年。

过去分词做定语和表语一、过去分词作定语★及物动词的过去分词作定语时，一般表被动的和完成的动作；而不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成的动作。

如：Joe always has milk and fried egg for breakfast.The path is covered by fallen leave.★单个的过去分词作定语时一般放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。

如：You can use fresh or frozen fish.What is the language spoken in that country?＝What is the language that is spoken in that country? The play put on by the teacher was a big success.＝The play that had been put on by the teachers was a big success.put on上演注意：☆如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+ thing/body/one所构成的复合代词时，即使是单个的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词之后。

如：There isn't anything left in that desk.☆过去分词短语有时还可以用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号隔开。

Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, have never seen a train.＝Some of them, who were born and brought up in rural villages, have never seen a train.【拓展】done, to be done和being done作定语的区别：它们都可作定语，表示被动意义，但时间含义上有所不同。

过去分词做定语, 表语的用法1.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语需要注意如下几个方面的问题:（1）过去分词作定语时,所表示的时间概念:1）多表示已完成的动作．例如:A．The broken glasses are mine．B．The book written in English is about “The differences between American English andBritish English”．2）表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前．例如:A．A letter posted yesterday will probably reach her next week．B．He wants to buy a used car．3）没有一定的时间性．例如:A．I don’t like to see letters written in pencil．B．His spoken English is excellent．（2）过去分词作定语在句中的位置:1)单个的过去分词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词之前．例如:spoken English _________________ 一只受过训练的狗____________________一条结了冰的河流_____________________注意不及物动词的过去分词一般不能作前置定语,能作前置的仅限于escaped,faded, fallen, risen, grown等．例如:the risen sun ______________________ 落叶_______________________2)过去分词与副词,名词,形容词构成复合形容词作定语时,位于被修饰的名词之前．例如:a newly—built road __________________ a man—made satellite _________________一个高度发达的国家________________________3)过去分词短语作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之后．例如:A.There is anything arranged for the vacation ?B．There are many person killed in that accident ．注意:某些单个的过去分词作定语也必须作后置定语．例如: There is no time left ．A.某些动词的过去分词作定语时,既可作前置定语,又可作后置定语,但含义不同．例如:A．The method used is very efficient ．B．This is a used book ．C．The book given to him is an English novel ．D.We will be meeting at a given time and place ．（3）某些动词的过去分词作定语时, 多半用来修饰人．这类过去分词多是表示人物的心理特征或情感变化的动词．如:delighted , devoted , discouraged , amused , astonished , frightened , moved , inspired , encouraged , puzzled , tired , worried , excited ．For example : A．The tired boy fell into asleep very soon ．B．The puzzled mother come to her daughter’s teacher for help ．C．The frightened baby kept crying ．2.过去分词作表语(1)过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异:①The store is now closed ．（系表）The library is usually closed at 8:00 p．m．（被动）②The novel is well written ．（系表）The novel is written by LuXun ．（被动）(2)某些过去分词作表语,多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化, 其主语多半是人, 这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited,inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect ．这些分词几乎都可以看作形容词, 其中很多可以被very修饰．在口语中, 用very代替much来修饰过去分词的现象, 越来越普遍．例如:A.On hearing the good news everyone was excited ．B.We are very pleased at the news ．Exercises in class :（）1．Most of the people ___ to the party were famous scientists ．A.invited B．to invited C．being invited D．inviting（）2．The computer centers , ____ last year , is very popular among the students in this school ．A．open B．opening C．having opened D．opened（）3．What an ___ game ! I’m really ___ at it ．A.excited, exciting B．exciting, excitedC．excited, exciting D．exciting, exciting（）4．The ground is ___ with the ___ leaves ．A.covering, falling B．covered, falling C．covered, fallen D．covering, fallen（）5．We are all ___ to see that ___ child ．A.pleasing, smiled B．pleasing, smilingC．pleased, smiling D．pleased, smiling（）6．The television is a ___ machine ．A.newly—inventing B．newly—inventedC．newly—intent D．newly—invention（）7．The ___ price will save you one dollar for each dozen ．A.reduce B．reduced C．reducing D．reduces ．（）8．Romeo , ___ that Juliet was dead , decided to kill himself ．A.believe B．to believe C．believing D．believes （）9．When ___ this machine you must remember the instructions．A.to use B．used C．using D．uses（）10．Jones and Smith came in , ___by their wives．A．following B．to follow C．and followed D．followed。