现代大学英语3 lesson8

Unit 8 In My Dayaffluent, fluent●She was in English, French, and German.●Cigarette smoking used to be commoner among people.amount v.●His earnings are said to amount to £300 000 per annum.●Her academic achievements don't amount to much.●Her answer amounted to a complete refusal.●Their actions amount to a breach of contract.axebanal: ordinary and not interesting, because of a lack of new or different ideas●another banal TV sitcom●conversations about the most banal subjectscommonplace adj. happening or existing in many places, and therefore not special or unusual●Car thefts are commonplace in this part of town.barrel●The wine is aged (使酒变陈) in oak barrels.●He pushed the barrel of the gun into the other man's open mouth.●The manager had us over a barrel - either we work on a Saturday or we lose ourjobs.batter: to hit someone or something again and again, in a way that hurts someone or causes damage●The court heard that he had battered his wife to death.●The rain battered against the windows.battered: old and in bad condition●She would often be seen driving around town in her battered old car.●battered woman/wife/husband/babybrisk●We went for a brisk walk.●Business is always brisk during the holiday season.●Put on your sweater, it's brisk out.caution: to warn sb. to be careful about sth.●Sam cautioned him against making a hasty decision.●Officials were quick to caution that these remarks did not mean an end to thepeace process.●He cautioned them to avoid the forest at night.rope, cord, string, thread●The kids tied a to the tree and used it as a swing.● a silk bag tied with a gold●Her key hung on a around her neck.●I'm looking for a needle and .customary●在一些文化当中，新娘通常会穿白色。

Study the following sentences carefully and then paraphrase them in English:Unit One Your College Years1.… identity is determined by genetic endowment (what is inherited from parents),shaped by environment, and influenced by chance events. (2)Who we are is determined by three things: first, our genes, or what our parents have given us, our legacy; second, environment, and third, luck or opportunities.2.These religious, moral, and ethical values that are set during the college yearsoften last a lifetime. (7)These values that are established during the college years often last a lifetime. It is believed that our character or basic moral principles are formulated during this period of time.3.These are exciting times yet frustrating times. Probably nothing can make studentsfeel lower or higher emotionally than the way they are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with.It is difficult for a college student to make a clear role of being a man or a woman in the future because they feel excited and confused about their sexual roles. They may feel happy and unhappy, without much hope for the future.4.Probably nothing can make students feel lower or higher emotionally than the waythey are relating to whomever they are having a romantic relationship with. (5) When students are in a romantic relationship with the opposite sex, they are most likely to feel unhappy or happy emotionally.5.It may be heightened by their choice to purse a college education. (3)If they choose to continue their education, they will face an even more serious struggle between the desire to be independent and the need to depend on the financial support of their parents.6.While students are going through an identity crisis, they are becomingindependent from their parents yet are probably still very dependent on them. This independence/dependence struggle is very much part of the later adolescence stage.They have been away from their parents and become independent, but somehow they can not be completely independent from their parents because they still need their parents to provide the money to support their life and study.Unit 3 A Dill Pickle1.She shivered, hearing the boatman's song break out again loud and tragic, andseeing…She was very sensitive to art and music and she felt excited as the man was describing the beautiful picture.2.… although at the time that letter nearly finished my life. I found… and I couldn'thelp laughing as I read it.To write such a break-up letter was very difficult for Vera. The letter reminded them of the heart-broken feeling and it finished both the man and the woman. But he trivialized the letter, and even mocked the letter, which hurt Vera deeply.3.His was the truer.That memory about the ridiculous scene gradually disappeared. After all, it was a wonderful afternoon. His memory was the truer one. They did have a good time on that whole afternoon.4.… she felt the strange beast that had slumbered so long within her bosom stir,stretch itself, yawn, prick up its ears, and suddenly bound to its feet, and fix its longing, hungry stare upon those faraway places.Her strong desire to go to those places held so long in her bosom now awoke. The desire became stronger and stronger. She was burst with her desire.5.He let it go at that.He didn't pursue the matter, showing once again how self-centered he was. Under normal circumstance, a man would be dying to know what had happened to the woman to force herself to part with her beloved piano.Unit 4 Diogenes and Alexander1.Live without conventions, which are artificial and false; escape complexities andextravagances: only so can you live a free life. (4)Only when you live without artificial and false conventions and avoid complex lives can you live a free life.2.In order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goods he has sold the only true,lasting good, his own independence. (4)People get only some false and easily spoiled material goods at the cost of their own everlasting independence.3.The other great philosophers of the fourth century B.C., such as Plato andAristotle, taught mainly their own private pupils. (6)Other Greek philosophers of the time, such as Plato and Aristotle, gave lessons only to their own pupils.4.Diogenes took his old cask and began to r oll it up and down. “When you are all sobusy,” he said, “ I feel I ought to do something!” (9)When the Corinthians were busy preparing for the coming war, Diogenes rolled his cask up and down to ridicule their silly behavior.Unit 5 Silent Spring1.There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live inharmony with its surroundings. (1)Once upon a time there was a town in the central part of America where all living things seemed to co-exist peacefully with their environment.2.In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed andflickered across a background of pines.In autumn, the oak, maple and birch trees turned yellow, red or brown, thus making a beautiful show of colors against the dark green of pine trees.3.The chemicals are the synthetic of man's inventive mind, creations having nocounterparts in nature.Nature does not produce such things as chemicals. They are man-made, the result of man's creative power.4.The whole process of spraying seems caught up in an endless spiral.The more insecticides are sprayed, the less effective they will become in destroying the “pests” then more deadly chemicals will be developed to kill them.This process will go on endlessly.5.Nature has introduced great variety into the landscape and holds the species withinbounds by the built-in checks and balances.Nature keeps living things in proportion, regulating their number through the check and balance mechanisms of itself.Unit 8 In My Day1. She gazed at this improbably overgrown figure out of an inconceivable futureand promptly dismissed it. (Para.4)She looked steadily at me and could not recognize me because I was much too big for the son in her mind. She simply could not imagine the distant future when her little Russell would be that tall and big. Therefore, she immediately put that thought out of her mind.2.…she tripped on the stairs and tumbled down, ending at the bottom in the debrisof giblets, hot gravy,and battered turkey. (para. 15)As she was running upstairs with the turkey, she stumbled, fell down, and landed at the bottom of the stairs. The turkey flew from her platter to the ground, with its giblets, hot gravy all over the place.3.For ten years or more the ferocity with which she had once attacked life had beenturning to a rage against the weakness, the boredom, and the absence of love that too much age had brought her. (Para.32)For many years, she once attacked life with fieceness, but now it was gone. In its place was an uncontrollable anger. she was angry about her declining health, her boredom and her loneliness.4.I …had written her with some banal advice to look for the silver lining, to counther blessings instead of burdening others with her miseries. (Para.33)In a letter I had advised her to make a special effort to appreciate the good things in her life and not to worry those who came to see her by complaining about her unhappiness and suffering.5.If a parent does lift the curtain a bit, it is often only to stun the young with someexemplary tale of how much harder life was in the old days. (Para.40)If a parent tells the children something about his or her past, it often turns out to be a moral lesson about how hard life was for him or her, which does not make sense to the children.6.Instinctively, I wanted to break free, and cease being a creature defined by hertime. (Para.48)When my mother was young, I was her future. But I didn’t like it. I wanted to be free and independent. I wanted to live my own life and did not want to live my life by my mother’s standards.7. We all come from the past, and children ought to know what it was that went intotheir making...（Para. 49）We all come from the past, and children ought to know what it was that went into their making…We all come from the past, and children ought to know what made them what they are today, to know that life is a continuous process, it is like a human cord made of many people starting from a long time past continuing to the present day, a nd it can not be separated or understood just by one person’s life.。

Unit 8Task 1【原文】1) Now that we're making every effort to keep criminals from getting guns through the front door of a gun shop, we're turning our attention to locking the back door, too. We have started to crack the code of the black market in illegal weapons. We are tracing the guns, targeting the traffickers, taking more of our children out of harm's way. (Bill Clinton)2) We will be marching today for common sense gun laws, but we will not stop with just marching. We will keep walking; we will keep running; we will keep marching; we will keep fighting and we will keep organizing until we are successful in our fight to keep our children safe. (Hillary Clinton)3) Police officers of course, are not the only people who die. Ten thousand other Americans are dead because of the misuse of our right to bear arms. People who argue for guns are fond of saying that guns don't kill; people do. But guns do kill. (Robert di Grazia)4) Registration of cars has nothing to do with the incidence of car accidents which, of course, is the greatest killer of people in the United States, including children. And you don't see anyone turning around and say, "Let's outlaw automobile." (Victoria Bingham)Task 2【答案】News Item 1A.1) F 2) F 3) T 4) T 5) F 6) FNews Item 2B.WHO: more than one hundred thousand mothers across the United States WHAT: gathered to push for tougher gun control lawsWHERE: WashingtonWHEN: SundayC.1) b) 2) a) 3) c) 4) b)D.1) Gun control, Now2) shed, river of votes, raging, out of, stricter gun control【原文】News Item 1British police say thousands of gun owners have surrendered their small calibre weapons as part of legislation banning some types of handgun. The deadline to hand in the weapons which has just passed is the final stage in the clampdown on gun ownership following the massacre of 16 school children and a teacher at Dunblane in Scotland in 1996. The police estimate that 40,000 weapons have been surrendered, meaning that the vast majority of legally held guns have been given up. But as Inspector Paul Brightwell, a policeman from southern England, points out, many owners are still angry about the bans. Although Britain now has some of the strictest firearms laws in the world, correspondents say the government may still look to introduce further restrictions.News Item 2More than one hundred thousand mothers across the United States gathered here in Washington Sunday to push for tougher gun control laws. Organizers of the so-called Million Mom March are hoping to harness growing outrage at the number of children killed by handguns here in the United States."What do we want? Gun control! When do we want? Now! What do we want? Gun control! When do we want? Now! What do we want? Gun control! When do we want? Now! What do we want? Gun control!..."The protesters—mothers, victims of gun violence and families—came from across the United States to hear heartbreaking stories of children who had been gunned down. One mother described the pain she felt after her young son received a crippling gunshot wound to the chest. In an emotional appeal, she urged the crowd to vote for members of Congress who support gun control."Mothers, we have shed tears for our children. Let's make our tears the river of votes. Let's make our tears become a raging river of votes, and we need to get our legislators out of office if they do not want stricter gun control."Organizers of the Washington rally and others held in cities across the United States say at least 12 children a day are killed by guns. They want Congress to enact laws that will require registration of handguns and some type of licensing system. US gun control laws vary from state to state. Ant nationwide registration is strongly opposed by the National Rifle Association, a wealthy and powerful nationwide group of firearms owners who reject any type of gun control.Task 3【答案】A.1) a) 2) a) 3) b) 4) b) 5) c)B.Column 1 Column 2Soccer Roland GarrosEquestrian events Longchamp racetrackTennis Stade de FranceC.1) The dossier will show locations of sporting events, media centers, and an Olympic village.2) The tried and tested quality of Paris’ famous sporting infrastructure is a big advan tage. Moreover, it’s been many years since France hosted the Olympic Games in 1924.【原文】The last time Paris had the honor of hosting the Olympic Games was way back in 1924. Having lost out to Beijing for the right to stage the Games in 2008, the French capital is now optimistic it can win the bid for the 2012 Olympics. The nine cities in contention have until mid-January to give details of their proposed venues. And the organizers in Paris can point to the fact that most of their facilities are already in place.Competition is fierce among the nine cities bidding for the 2012 Games who all have until January the 15th to give the IOC a dossier showing locations of sporting events, media centers, and an Olympic village. London, New York, Moscow, Madrid, Istanbul, Rio de Janeiro, Leipzig and Havana are all hopeful of staging the world's greatest sporting festival. But experts reckon that Paris is the early favorite.Preparation is key when it comes to hosting the Olympic Games. Barcelona and Sydney both proved how to stage one. It's been almost 70 years since the summer Olympic experience took place on French soil. Having lost out to host the Games in 2008, the organizers within Paris are optimistic about their chances for hosting the 2012 Olympics.Integral to Paris' bid is the tried and tested quality of its renowned sporting infrastructure. Soccer matches, for instance, would be held in the northeast suburb of Saint-Denis, home of the 78,000-seat Stade de France, where France beat Brazil three nil in 1998 to win the World Cup. The stadium is also the likely setting for the Olympic track and field events, with the media center being erected alongside it. Tennis matches would be well catered for at the famous red clay courts of Roland Garros, home to the French Open, the most likely location. Whilst the equestrian events could be held within the famous Longchamp Racetrack, which hosts the prestigious Prix de L'Arc de Triomphe each year. With around 150 acres of Pads real estate available in the city's Seventeenth District, the Athletes' Village could easily be adapted, not far from Longchamp.Paris city authorities estimate the cost of hosting the 2012 Games at $6.9 billion. That’s nearly twice as much as estimated for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. But i f that generates just a fraction of the enthusiasm—and money—raised when France won the European Championships in 2000, it’ll be money well spent.Task 4【答案】A. 1) c) 2) a) 3) b) 4) a) 5) b)B.1) 2,200, two thirds, confrontation2) appreciate, foundation, cooperation, trust, Russia【原文】Darren Jordon: A new era of relations has been declared between the United States and Russia. This morning, Presidents Bush and Putin met in Moscowto sign a nuclear arms treaty. Mr. Bush said suspicions of the ColdWar had been cast aside. The two Presidents met inside the Kremlinto approve what they both called a historic agreement. They promisedto reduce their nuclear stockpiles by two thirds so that each would bedown to below 2,200 over the next ten years. President Bush said theagreement marked the end of a long chapter of confrontation betweenthe two countries. Well, our Moscow Correspondent Caroline Wyatthas been following the morning's events. Caroline.Caroline Wyatt: Well, it's taken us ten long years for Russia and America to reach this stage. But it does seem that at the Kremlin here behind me in Moscow,that Vladimir Putin and George Bush have finally managed to banishthe mistrust of the Cold War era, and start a new chapter in relations.The day began with a sombre ceremony as President Bush paid hisrespects at the Tomb of Unknown Soldier, honoring Russia's sacrificeas an ally in the Second World War. The American President lookedslightly awestruck as he entered the Kremlin to praise Russia'scontribution in the new war, the fight against terror. Vladimir Putin'ssupport for Mr. Bush since September 11th has cemented anunexpectedly warm relationship between their two countries, turningcold war enemies into friends. Amid the splendor of St. Catherine'sHall, both leaders prepared to sign the treaty they say will make theworld a safer place, the solemnity of the moment only slightly dentedwhen the cameras caught Mr. Bush removing his boiled sweat. Thenthe two men put their names to a deal agreeing to scrap two-thirds oftheir nuclear arsenals over the next decade. Yet it’s not a treatyRussia's military leaders are happy with. They complain Washingtonwill simply store the weapons for later use. So Mr. Bush tried toreassure his audience here.George Bush: I appreciate the fact that we have now laid the foundation for not only our governments, but future governments to work in a spirit ofcooperation and a spirit of trust. It's good. It's good for the people ofRussia. It's good for the people of the Untied States.Caroline Wyatt: For his part, Mr. Putin said he has no doubt they were entering a new era in relations. Despite the smiles, much still divided their twonations. America fears Russia is selling nuclear technology to Iran.But at least now they say they can address those issues as friends andallies. The two men do have the rest of the day and then a relaxingweekend in Mr. Putin's hometown, St. Petersburg, to iron out of allthose issues.Task 5【答案】A.1) The US military sent an interceptor into space to hit a missile with a mock warhead2) 60 billion dollars.3) It was the first test of new technology that could become a key component of the Missile Defense Network. After the test, the pentagon would likely recommend that US President order deployment of the Missile Defense System.4) Earlier tests produced mixed results: Two failed and one succeeded.5) He said the nature of the security threats facing the United States has changed since the end of the Cold War, and old treaties ju st don’t fit any more.B.Responses from Parties ConcernedParties Concerned Relations to the TestUS President Pleased with the result, President Bush said hewas convinced the system should and could bebuilt.US Congress It criticized the plan for its high cost.Russia and some NATO member states They disagreed with the US position and warned of the danger of a new arms race.Greenpeace Its activists tried to disrupt the test.【原文】News Item 1A crucial test of the US Missile Defense System is set to begin within hours as the US military tries to destroy a dummy warhead in space over the Pacific Ocean. An interceptor missile fired from an island in the Pacific Ocean will try to hit the warhead launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. If the intercept succeeds, the Pentagon will likely recommend that the President Clinton order deployment of the 60-billion-dollar Missile Defense System. In a bid to disrupt today's test, the environmental group Greenpeace has sent a ship to an off limits zone near Vandenberg. Spokesman Steve Shohan says its activists had infiltrated the facility. "Itis the objective of the Greenpeace activists on the base to chain themselves to the apparatus immediately adjacent to the missile silo, so that the missile could not be launched," Greenpeace says, with people in the part of the base, the missile cannot be fired. But the Pentagon insists it has the means to deal with such attempted disruptions.News Item 2President Bush's hopes for a missile defense system got a big boost this weekend when the Pentagon staged a successful test of key technology. A missile interceptor successfully hit a mock nuclear warhead over the Pacific Ocean. White House officials say Mr. Bush was pleased with the result.Mr. Bush was at his presidential retreat outside Washington when a flash of light faraway over the Pacific signaled the successful test. An interceptor sent into space from a tiny Pacific island neatly hit its target, an intercontinental range missile with a mock warhead launched minutes earlier from an air force base in California. It was the first test of new technology that could become a key component of the Missile Defense Network. Earlier tests of other elements produced mixed results. Two failed and one succeeded. The president said he is convinced the system can and should be built. He says the nature of the security threats facing the United States has changed since the end of the Cold War, and old treaties just don’t fit any more. But Russia and some NATO allies think otherwish and warn of a new arms race. And the notion of spending billions to develop Missile Defense has drawn some criticism on Capitol Hill.Task 6【答案】1) We will try to avoid a worldwide nucleate war, for there are no winners in such a war.2) The US and other countries should refrain from tests, and sign and ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.3) The US is withdrawing from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.4) We should start a new arms race by deploying Missile Defense System.【原文】1) We will not prematurely or unnecessarily risk the cause of worldwide nuclear war, in which even the fruits of victory will be ashes in our mouth. (J. F. Kennedy)2) Today I say again, on behalf of the United States, we will continue the policy we have maintained since 1992 of not conducting nuclear test. I call on Russia, China, Britain, France and all other countries to continue the refrain from testing. I call on nations that have not done so to sign and ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. (Bill Clinton)3) We reviewed what I've discussed with my friend President Vladimir Putin over the course of many meetings and many months, and that is the need for America to move beyond the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. Today, I have given formal notice to Russia, in accordance with the Treaty, that the United States of America is withdrawing from this almost 30-year-old treaty. (G. W. Bush)4) Are we really prepared to raise the starting-gun in a new arms race in a potentially more dangerous world? Because, make no mistakes about it, folks, if we deploy Missile Defense System as being contemplated, we could do just that. Step back from the ABM treaty, go full steam ahead and deploy Missile Defense System, then we'll be raising the starting-gun. Let's stop this nonsense before we end up pullingthe trigger. (Senator Biden)Task 7【答案】A.1) They had hoped to settle an agenda ahead of the WTO ministerial meeting in Seattle next week. But they failed to achieve that goal.2) They were disputes over agricultural issue between major trading nations, and demands from developing countries for more time to implement existing trade accords.3) They have heavily subsidized their agricultural products. Farmers benefit a lot from these policies.4) They pressed the EU and Japan to remove the subsidies.5) Yes, he was confident that some agreement could be reached in Seattle.B.1) c) 2) a) 3) b) 4) a) 5) d)C.1) Developing countries demand more access to the European market for their agricultural products, but the EU still wants to maintain its subsidies for exports and barriers to imports.2) Yes. Because their markets are also flooded with cheap goods from other countries.3) On the whole, the rich countries benefit more from the WTO rules.【原文】News Item 1Ambassadors to the World Trade Organization have failed to agree on a common text for the next global trade round of talks. During three months of negotiations in Geneva, the ambassadors had hoped to settle an agenda ahead of the WTO ministerial meeting in Seattle next week. From Geneva Claire Doole reports.The major sticking point is agriculture, pitting the big trading nations against each other. The US and major agricultural countries such as Australia wanted the EU and Japan to slash their export subsidies, which they say prices their producers out of the market. But this is unpopular with both trading powers, reluctant to incur the rows of their heavily subsidized but politically influential farmers. The other problem area is the demand from developing countries for more time to implement existing trade accords. The WTO Director-General remains confident that the agreement will be found in Seattle, but trade envoys are not so optimistic.News Item 2Trade ministers from 18 nations and political entities are meeting behind closed doors in Mexico City to seek consensus on the agenda for a new round of world trade talks. The meeting is taking place in a luxury hotel under tight security. Around two dozen anti-globalization protesters tried to demonstrate near the hotel, but they were outnumbered by Mexican riot police, who kept them far from the site. The goal of the meeting is to work out a framework for talks to be held in Qatar in November. The last round of world trade talks ended in 1994 and led to the creation of the World Trade Organization the next year. But efforts to launch a new round of talks in the city of Seattle in 1999 ended in failure.The trade ministers meeting here are trying to work out basic agreements on such divisive issues as antidumping rules and agricultural subsidies. Developing nations are demanding more access to Europe for such commodities as beef and grain, butEuropean Union nations have maintained subsidies for exports and barriers to imports. The developing nations also want rules against dumping, whereby their markets are flooded with cheap goods from other nations. Poorer nations say the benefits of free trade have mostly been seen in the rich countries and they are looking for a new round of trade talks to address the current inequalities.Although the gap remains wide, World Trade Organization officials say they are hopeful that these informal discussions here in Mexico City will lead to an agreement that can be embraced at the larger meeting in November. The representatives at this meeting are only a small fraction of the organization's 142 members, but they are thought to be representative of the various points of view within the larger body. The meeting is to conclude on Saturday.Task8:【答案】A.1) Working with UNICEF—one of the most direct and effective ways to help childrenwho need it2) Top issue on the agenda—mobilizing artists and other intellectuals in the efforts for child survival and health in Africa3) How and why artists can help the campaign for universal child immunization.4) How and why artists enjoy high esteem in AfricaB.1) b) 2) a) 3) c) 4) b) 5) c)C.1) society, governments, political, economic processes2) the mobilization of entertainers/artists3) immunize, the six major child-killing diseases4) immunized【原文】Extract 1Narrator: As we heard in a previous edition of this programme, Harry Belafonte has become the latest goodwill ambassador for UNICEF, the United NationsChildren's Fund. In the tradition of Danny Kaye, Liv Ullmann, PeterUstinov and others, the popular entertainer who has worked with UNICEFin the past will tour the world in support of UNICEF initiatives for childsurvival. According to Mr. Belafonte, working with UNICEF is one of themost direct and expedient ways to get help to children who need it. Belafonte: It has been over the last four years that I have become more intensely aware of the whole role of children in the global process as it affects societyand as it affects governments and as it affects the political process and as itaffects the economic process. And also, with USA for Africa, UNICEFbecame a very, very important conduit for the dissemination anddistribution of our resources. When we looked around as anon-governmental organization for how to ensure that much of the $52million that we raised and…certainly all of the other areas that werestimulated with financial returns based upon our effort. UNICEF wasalways at the center of everyone's choice for who to rely on and what to dowhen we went into places for which we knew very little about in order tomeet head on the problems of the drought and the famine and the death andthe pestilence and all of the various health problems.Extract 2Narrator: One of the first projects Mr. Belafonte will work on as a UNICEF goodwill ambassador is the mobilization of entertainers for child survival and healthin Africa. During the United Nations General Assembly's special session onthe critical situation in Africa in May of last year, African nations discussedthe state of health care on the continent and its importance to the economicand social well-being of each country. According to Mr. Belafonte, this is atopic high on the agenda of UNICEF as well.Belafonte: One of the first things that Jim and I talked about was how to in fact define methodologies and ways in which we can begin to engage artists inparticular, intellectuals in general, to be able to have some on-goingunderstanding, on-going programme, to help change the course of humanhistory as it relates to children and as it relates to children particularly inthe Third World, and on this first leg of our journey, specifically in Africa. Extract 3Narrator: UNICEF has set the goal of universal child immunization to encourage nations to immunize their young against the six major child-killing diseases.While many countries are making steady progress toward these goals, Mr.Grant points out that the campaign can be greatly aided by the support ofartists and the entertainment community.Grant: Our dilemma with immunization is that the easiest part almost is to get the vaccines out. Granted, we need refrigeration—what we call the coldchain—you've got to get the vaccinators. But the really difficult thing is howyou convince somebody who has never had immunization before, is illiterate,never gone to school, that they should bring their children to be immunizedthree times, a month apart. Usually most children will run a fever after thefirst round. So a mother who's brought the child in healthy then has got to beconvinced to come back the second time. And here's where the intellectuals,the artists, the singers—there's a massive communication job to tell parentsthat they do have this power, symbolized in the vaccination appeal bybringing their children in. But it's really the artists, the intellectuals, thepeople who set the ambiance of all this that determines really what peopledo.Extract 4Narrator: And Mr. Belafonte adds that artists are held in high esteem throughout Africa.Belafonte: I think that in Africa, where communication vis-a-vis radio and television is far less than it is in industrialized nations and therefore there is a greatercommunity involvement almost directly with artists, one on one. Whenartists walk through the streets of any major city or any village in Africa, thepied piper role they play—the way people follow them down the streets, thelove and the reverence with which they’re held—is something to be envied.I think most American artists think we have it made because we have theMercedes, the swimming pool and Beverly Hills. But they miss an awful lotwhen they don’t understand how that direct relationship to the communityand to the people, what that direct relationship means.Task 9【原文】The British government has said that Queen Elizabeth has no objection to plans to overturn the tradition of the eldest-born son succeeding to the throne by givingequal rights to whoever is the oldest prince or princess. The announcement in the Upper House of Parliament, the House of Lords, is part of the Labour Government's moves to modernize the British constitution. The change, if approved, will make no difference to the right of Prince Charles and his eldest son to succeed to the throne. The Queen herself took over as monarch only because her father King George VI died without sons.。

Absorbingenjoyable and interesting, and keeping your attention for a long time:吸引人的, 非常有趣的Altruistic adj.altruistic behavior shows that you care about and will help other people, even though this brings no advantage for yourself利他的, 无私心的e.g. Were his motives entirely altruistic?Ample adj.more than enough足够的e.g. Y ou'll have ample time for questions later.Aptly adv.aptly named/described/called etc named, described etc in a way that seems very suitable: 适当地, 适宜地e.g. The aptly named Skyline Restaurant provides spectacular views of the city below.Broth n.soup with meat, rice, or vegetables肉汤, 鱼汤, 菜汤Brute adj.brute force/strength physical strength rather than intelligence and careful thinking: 暴力蛮劲e.g. Discussion can be more effective than the use of brute force.Causation n.the action of causing something to happen or exist原因, (某种结果的)出现, 发生因果关系Character n.the particular combination of qualities that makes someone a particular type of person特征, 好的品质Cheat n.someone who is dishonest and cheats: 欺骗行为，骗子e.g. His addiction has turned him into a cheat and a liar.Clause n.a part of a written law or legal document covering a particular subject of the whole law or document: 从句，(法律文件等的)条款e.g. A confidentiality clause was added to the contract.Commitment n.a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way: 承诺, 许诺, 保证e.g. Are you ready to make a long-term commitment?Conform v.to obey a law, rule etc conform to/with遵守，符合e.g. Students can be expelled for refusing to conform to school rules.Conniver n.a person who does not try to stop sth. wrong from happening 纵容者connive at an escape from prison 故意放纵越狱Contortion n.when something is twisted so that it does not have its normal shape and looks strange (脸部或躯体的)扭曲, 变形, 走样, 扭曲的动作(或姿势) Derive v.to get something, especially an advantage or a pleasant feeling, from something 得到，源于Derive something from somethinge.g. Medically, we will derive great benefit from this technique.Destruction n.the act or process of destroying something or of being destroyed破坏, 毁灭, 消灭Devastating adj.badly damaging or destroying something 毁灭性的Devastating effect/impacte.g. Acid rain has a devastating effect on the forest.Discreet adj.careful about what you say or do, so that you do not offend, upset, or embarrass people or tell secrets谨慎的, 慎重的, 考虑周到的e.g. He assured her that he would be discreet.Disregard v.to ignore something or treat it as unimportant: 不顾, 不理会, 无视e.g. He ordered the jury to disregard the witness's last statement.Donut n.a small round cake , often in the form of a ring 油炸圈饼Empathy n.the ability to understand other people's feelings and problems同情，同感Empathy with/fore.g. She had great empathy with people.Espouse v.Formal to support an idea, belief etc, especially a political one Espouse a cause/policy etce.g. He espoused a variety of scientific, social and political causes.Fateful adj.Having an important, especially bad, effect on future eventsFateful day/night/year etce.g. The goalkeeper on that fateful day in 1954 was Fred Martin.Flavor [ˈfleivə]n.the particular taste of a food or drink: 味道a dry wine with flavors of honey and apricotv. to give something a particular taste or more taste (加入香料、调味品等)给(某物)调味Forge [fɔ:dʒ]n. a place where metal is heated and shaped into objects熔铁炉v. a. create by hammering 打制b. make a copy of with the intent to deceive 伪造eg. They forged their manager's signature on the cheque.他们在支票上伪造了经理的签名。

现代大学英语精读3unit8课后答案(精)我们只不过是人劳拉.施莱辛格Pre-class Work 1. Explain the following. 1 free will (Para. 1: the ability to make your own decisions about what to do rather than being controlled by God or fate 自意志 2 the product of causation (Para. 1: behavior is a response to external stimulation, and therefore is genes-determined. 某种原因造成的结果3 fateful night (Para. 9: the night that had an important bad effect on future events 那个决定性的夜晚 4 honor his commitment (Para. 10: to do what he has committed to do to others; to do his duty; to respect his obligations to others履行义务或实践许诺 5 clause (Para. 20: a separate division of a written legaldocument with its own separate and complete meaning 条款 6 absorbing (Para. 26: interesting; enjoyable; gripping 吸引人的 2. Paraphrase. 1 Human beings have no free will, they are all victims of these external causes as a group.2 As if the fact we are human were a kind of detailed plan which determines how we react to situations. This reaction is instinctive and natural just like with all animals, insects, birds.3 The 3 C’s are Character, Courage, and Conscience, without these qualities, we cease to be human and will be just like big ants which live out their lives in a way that is determined by their natural instincts.4 Only managing to live in a vegetable state.5 If you want to live a good and energetic life, you need the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do; you should be brave enough to take risks;you should take continued action against difficulties; you should be ready to lose life for ideals and you should have an instance of accepting or trusting in something that cannot be readily seen or trusted. 6 Courage is as important to life as broth is to soup. 7 In order to be excused, we often try hard to twist things and put the blame on others or try to justify our actions in various ways in our speaking as well as in our thinking. 8 Relating to what we have mentioned, pleasure is something that just happens; happiness is a series of things that involved. Pleasure is a finishingpoint; happiness is a long process. Pleasure is something related to the real world and physical objects; happiness is something related to your spirit. Pleasure is something related to yourself; happiness is something related to others and the world.3. Learn to use reference books.Check in a Chinese-English dictionary for the translations of the following Chinese collocations of\开\开门to open the door; 开口to open one,s mouth (or start to talk; 开火to open fire; 开刀to have an operation; 开发to open up... (or to develop; to exploit; 开工(of a factory, etc. to go into operation; 开花to blossom; 开会to have a meeting; 开胃to whet (or stimulate the appetite; 开心to feel happy; 开玩笑to crack ajoke (to make fun of 4. Learn rules of word-building. Enrich and enlarge your vocabulary. 1 Give the corresponding nouns of the following.(1 devastation (2 exhilaration (3 conformity (4 procreation (5 invocation (6 sustenance (7 projection (8 derivation (9 criticism (10 restoration 2 Give the corresponding verbs of the following.(1 to contort (2 to rationalize (3 to transgress (4 to condemn (5 to abort (6 to emphasize (7 to seduce (8 to gratify (9 todestroy (10 to indulge (11 to oblige (12 to motivate (13 to cause (14 to survive More Work on the Text II V ocabulary 1. Translate 1 into English. (1 to shape one’s mind (2 to honor one’s commitment (3 to sustain life (4 to raise a family (5 to make a judgment (6 to focus one’s attention (7 to devastate the country (8 to blame the weather (9 to avoid sacrifice (10 to demand justice (11 to criticize the theory (12 to condemn the war (13 to emphasize education (14 to acknowledge defeat (15 to sustain economic growth (16 to restore the building (17 to cause trouble (18 to resist the temptation 2 into Chinese. (1动物界(2某种原因造成的结果(3自意志` (4条件反射(5生物本能决定的(6自然选择(7高级动物;万物之灵(8适者生存(9固有欲望(10利他的行为(11社会地位(12一个关键的晚上(13正当的地位(14眼前一时痛快(15蛮力(16思想斗争(17良心不安;良心有愧(18对未经证实之事物的信仰(19合同的例外条款(20植物人的状态(21长期目标(22十分吸引人的电影(23全心全意和孩子相聚的时间(24价值观念体系 2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1 Give synonyms. (1 example (2 lonely, alone (3 to look, to gaze (4 properly, appropriately (5 natural, inborn, instinctive (6 to gain, to obtain (7 deeply, extremely (8 to give up (9 idea, thought, theory, notion (10 mutual, shared (11 to shape, to form (12 fortress, love, emotional attachment (13 decisive, decisively important, critical, fatal (14 duty, responsibility (15 responsibility, obligation (16 honesty, virtue, uprightness (17 satisfaction, pleasure, enjoyment (18 to struggle, to fight, to deal with, to tackle (19 delighted, in high spirits (20 to agree with, to comply with, to follow, to adhere to (21 very great (22 damaging,very destructive, shocking 2 Give antonyms. (1 construction (2 former (3 outer (4 selfish (5 to deny (6 unsteady, shaky, unstable (7 physical, material, bodily (8 immeasurable (9 deep, in-depth, profound (10 imbalance (11 long, long-lived, lasting, enduring, permanent, eternal (12 immoral, amoral (13 required, compulsory(7 the main verb in the present continuous tense (8 a passive gerund as prepositional object (9 a passive infinitive as object (10 a passive infinitive used after an adjective adverbially (11 the main verb; the main verb in the relative clause and followed by an infinitive (12 the main verb used with a modal and followed by a that-clause (the subject 2. Complete the sentences. 1 By putting the verbs inthe right form. (1 quarreling (2 trying (3 dismissed (4 pick up (5 smoking (6 removed (7 to strike (8 happen (9 photographed (10 burning 2 With the appropriate form of the verbs provided below (some Words may be used twice.(1 smelt (2 kept (3 cut (4 considered (5 pushed, lying (6 dye, paint (7 declared (8 appointed (9 labeled (10 burnt (11 call (12 rendered (13 turned (14 kept (15 considered/found 3, Improve the sentences using the \ 1 Even residents of long standing find it difficult to give directions.2 I find it impossible to forget what I witnessed that day.3 Some people find it difficult to adapt to this rapidly changing world.4 Quite a lot of people find it difficult to accept the result of the \5 I don’t think it feasible to change the plan now.6 They think it right to stick to the original plan.7 I think it improper to back out at the last moment.8 As adoctor, she considers it her duty to help the sick and save the dying. 9 I consider it a great honor to meet all of you here today.10 I consider it an insult to be cold-shouldered like that. 4. Translate into English. 1 The Chinese in brackets, using passive verb forms. (1 to be left alone for a while (2 had been knocked unconscious (3 was buried deep (4 can and will be realized (5 are expected to share household chores (6 is generally believed (7 being criticized in public (8 being harassed/annoyed by hoodlums (9 are believed to be genuine (10 would be found guilty, to be tried by another jury 2 The sentences. (1 The miners nicknamed their union leader \event as epoch-making.(3 I think it immoral to take advantage of their difficulty. (4 In those days of poverty, the family kept their dreams alive. (5 We’ll hold you responsible if anything happens to these children. (6 We should seesetbacks and failures as a necessary part of our lives. (7 Lying in bed in the dark, he listened to the cold rain beating on the window. (8 We look upon Professor Lin as instructor, friend and adviser all in one. (9 Their stories set us wondering what we would do under similar circumstances. (10 No matter how late she finishes the day’s work, she leaves everything in their place.(11 To our disappointment, we found the new manager competent, but hard to get along with. (12 He foundhimself unable to tolerate the indifference of the city and decided to leave. (13 The computer is often referred to as the most important invention in the last century. (14 When the bus drove near the oak tree, Vingo found it covered with hundreds of yellow ribbons. (15 Michael Dell was made to promise to go back to school if he couldn’t launch his own company in the summer. 5. Learn to use================精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，欢迎阅读下载============== prepositions \1 Study the use of \importance or of higher quality than (5 and (6: at a higher place or position than (7 in preference to (8 and (9: on or upon (10 throughout the length or duration of (11 in preference t6 (12 directly above, on the top of (13 and (14: here and there on or in (15 and (16: concerning about, because of 2 Complete the sentences by putting \\over (9 above (10 over (11 over (12 above (13 Over, over (14 above (15 over 6. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. 1B 2C 3B 4C 5D 6A 7B 8A 9 B 10 D 11 B 12 B 13 C 14 D 15 B--------------------精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，感谢阅读下载--------------------- ~ 11 ~。

Unit 8 Vocabulary1.Translate the following expressions into English.1. lift the curtain 11. defy/challenge the authority2. resent the treatment 12. bend the rules3. calculate the price 13. oppose the decision4. confiscate one's property 14. plot murder5. draw ridicule l5. diagnose liver cancer6. offend the boss l6. complicate the matter7. commit treason 17. recharge a flagging spirit8. dismiss the idea 18. recapture one's childhood9. bury the dead 19. interrogate the suspect10. announce/declare bankruptcy 20. disconnect the power2.Give appropriate nouns or verbs that can form possible collocations.Give nouns1. a report/an opinion/an order / a warning/a new stock/new stamps2. a missile/a satellite/a campaign3. the boat/the train/the bus/the chance/the point/one's friend/a few classes/the first part of the lecture4. the number/the amount/the size/the weight/consumption/price/cost5. time/money/life/space/energy/face/one's skin/sb a lot of trouble6. the sale of drugs/land use/private property/private schools/small businessmen7. the law/free speech/the rules/the contract/the agreement/the principle/human rights/the no-fly zone8. the table/the stage/the goal/the task/the record/the standard/the rule9.curiosity/interest/excitement/memories/fears/anger/hatred Give verbs1. have/develop/form/change/break/kick2. speak/change/read/slip/keep/close/cross3. have/lose/find/ask/block/mend (Note: With "mend," we have to say “mend one’s ways”)4.discuss/raise/address/confuse/confront/tackle/explore(Not e:With “make,” we have to say "make sth an issue" or "make an issue of sth.")3.Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the appropriate words listed below.1. resign，resignation, cleared2, utterly, cleared, amounted3. resign, clearly, amount4. resign, mind, amount5. mind, utterly, mind, have amounted, clear up6. utter, mind, clearly, mind7.amount, utter, cleared4.Replace the italicized parts with appropriate words or expressions from the text.1. unthinkable: inconceivableput this unrealistic dream out of our minds: dismiss this idea2. long ago: way backhave lost contact: have been completely out of 'touch3. every now and then: time and again/from time to time/at times as he had done all his life: out of habit4. how: the waywatch over: hover over5. calls a spade a spade: tells people what's tin his mind it is not always wise: it is not a good policy6.knew so little:was so ill-informedsecret plan: schemeadmit it: accept the inevitable7. talk to me and cheer me up: give me a pep talk and recharge my flagging spiritslook on the bright side: look for the silver liningthink of the good things in my life: count my blessings 8. admit: confessalso make this mistake: am also guilty of thisclearly: transparently9.seldom: rarelyrouses my interest: stirs my curiosityfind out how they think nowadays:enter the current orbits of their minds10.while: whereashas little interest in: is indifferent togeneration gap: disconnection between generations5.Choose the appropriate words or expressions in the given context .1. preside over, out of / in2. with, in/about3. dropped, in4. on, capable5. on the increase, upon6. in, of, to7. Instead of, on, way/vein8. by, with, for, free9. of, on10. impossible, him11. in advance, blow up6.Translate the following sentences into English.1. It is an utter waste of money and precious land resources. They must be out of their minds to turn such fertile farmlandinto golf courts for a few rich people.2. lt's utterly impossible to have complete safety with nuclear waste. Sooner or later some problem will occur. So unless we are ready to accept the inevitable, we must not rush to a decision.3. She was under severe attack throughout the meeting, but she did not utter a word. She had decided to hand in her resignation right away.4. Many people are lured to go after fancy titles out of vanity, and I am also guilty of this.5. As we were warned in advance, the inflation rate in the first quarter of this year was still on the rise. This amounted to a drop in people's income. But every cloud has its silver lining. Consumption was also on the rise.6. Keep in mind that we may be able to prevent young people from speaking their mind, but we can never succeed in making them stop thinking.7. Anybody in his right mind knows that we need both freedom and discipline. We either have both or neither. Therefore students cannot have their way unconditionally.8. She warned those countries in advance way back in the 1990s that if they did not get rid of their economic bubbles, theireconomies would face a hard landing.9. What I have in mind is to buy a house in the suburbs as I loathe the heavy pollution as well as the hustle and bustle of the big city. If because of this I cannot go shopping in Wangfujing every Sunday, that's just too bad.10. Many people there seem to be indifferent to the coming election. Right now they just hope the dark clouds of war will clear away so that they can live in peace.Grammar1 Learn about absolute construction.1 Classify the underlined absolute construction into categories on the basis of grammatical form.Category 1:5, 9Category 3: 2, 4Category 2: 1，6, 10Category 4: 3, 7, 82 Combine the sentences by using absolute construction.1. The old man dozed in his armchair, his chin on his chest, and his glasses on his lap.2. Jane cycled through the storm, her shoulders bent low, and her hair streaming in the wind.3. The little boy laughed, his eyes flashing with mischief.4. On New Year's Eve, our apartment was filled with a holiday atmosphere: (with) scrolls put on the door, the living room decorated with lanterns, and a great variety of food being prepared in the kitchen.5.Pistols in hands,the police officers dashed into the criminal's hiding place.6. With the last bus gone, we had to walk home.7. We waited for hours in bitter cold, our teeth chattering.8. (With) The three-year civil war over, the nation was ready to embark on a program of economic reform.9. The traffic inched along, horns honking, police officers blowing their whistles.10. The legendary police detective appeared in the doorway, his hat pulled low over his face, his narrow eyes sweeping the room for any sign of trouble.2 Translate the sentences using absolute construction.1. She walked right past me, nose in the air.2. With the wind howling, the rain beating against the windows,I didn't have a wink of sleep last night.3. The sentry kept watch on the bridge, gun in hand.4. The soldiers left, the house and courtyard cleaned up, the water jars full.5. The new republic ultimately triumphed, with the rebellion put down, major enemies wiped out, and peace and order established in the country.6. A storm brewing, the construction workers decided to call it a day.7. Their three-month training completed,the dogs embarked on the mission of guiding, protecting, and aiding blind people.8. The fire caused heavy casualties,twenty-four people killed and several injured.9.Night having fallen and the Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the wooden horse.10. Autumn is beautiful,the corn ripe, apples hanging from the trees, and everything red or yellow, or brown.3.Study the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.A note on the parenthetical clauses: They are a clause that is inserted in the middle of a sentence and could be omitted without affecting the completeness of the rest of the sentenceor its meaning. Parenthetical clauses are generally marked off by comas, dashes, or parentheses.1.This is a complex sentence. The main clause contains two predicate verbs: "stopped" and "tried." The what-clause functions as the object of the preposition "to."In the what-clause:Subject: IPredicate verb: consideredObject: whatObject complement: the real world2. This is also a complex sentence.In the main clause:Subject: the whole of the that-clausePredicate verb: irritatedSubordinate clauses:Parenthetical clause: as I thought (used twice)Adverbial clause of comparison: when my own had been so hard4. Translate the selection into Chinese.从心理上讲，老年时期要预防两种危险。

Lesson One Y our college Y earsAnswers:V ocabulary:I.Translate.1)into Chinese.(1).政治上的成熟(2).认同危机(3)遗传工程(4)偶然事件(5)青春期(6)每天工作日程(7)处理日常生活的能力(8)异性(9)生活方式2) into English。

(1) to acquire knowledge (2)to define the world(3) to resent the treatment (4)to frustrate the students(5) to drug one’s feet (6)to process knowledge(7) to narrow the gap (8)to expect better results(9) to present factsII. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1)Give synonyms.(1)objective, purpose, end (2)to increase/to enlarge/to grow (3)clear(4) choice (5)main/chief/principal/leading (6)strong feeling2) Give antonyms(1)masculine (2)independence (3)incompetent(4)to narrow (5)to exclude (6)mistrust/distrust(7)to discourage (8)indistinct/unclear/vagueIII. Translate1)She intends to apply for that academic position.2)Many people have observed that , without effective checks , we have a tendency to abuse ourpower.3)Some countries refuse to get involved in this dispute and they resent any foreign interference.4)According to the agreement , all business policies should apply to everybody without anyprejudice.Y ou have to take into consideration the local conditions when you apply these technologies.5)Based on his careful observation of the children’s behavior he came to the conclusion thatlearning is a nature pleasure.6)The government is determined to severely punish all the corrupt officials involved.IV. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word.1) C 2)B 3)B 4)D 5)B 6)A7)D 8)B 9)AV. Choose the right word in their proper forms.1)(1) object (2) objectives (3) objective (4) objective(5) objects2)(1)requires (2) requires (3)acquire (4)acquire (5)inquire3)(1) anxious (2)anxiously (3)eager (4)eager/anxious (5)eager/anxiousVI. Grammar1)Translate these sentences into English.(1)More and more old people are learning how to surf/use the Internet.(2)We must bear in mind that there is no shortcut in learning.(3)I’d like to have a chat with you about your term paper sometime this week.(4)They all remember where they were when they heard the shocking news.(5)Whenever you face a decisions you have three choices: do what you please; do whatothers do; or do what is right.2)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.(1)C (2)B (3)A (4)C (5)ALesson Two Discovery of a FatherAnswersV ocabulary:I. Translate the following into Chinese(1) 经营一家五金电（2）拒绝赊帐（3）忍受侮辱（4）打碎窗户（5）编造故事（6）同情穷人（7）喝了几口啤酒（8）活跃气氛（9）啪的一下把某物放在桌上II. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1)Give synonyms(1)hut, shack, tool-house, outbuilding(2)comical, funny, ridiculous ,absurd, laughable, amusing(3)bankrupt, penniless, impoverished(4)to defeat, to beat, to conquer, to overcome(5)to break into pieces, to shatter, to destroy(6)to stick, to holdfast, to hang on to, to hold on to2)Give antonyms.(1)distant, formal, remote(2)grateful, thankful, friendly, pleasant, amiable, appreciative(3)interesting, exciting(4)loudly, loud, noisily(5)soberIII. Translate(1)The World Expo to be held in shanghai next year covers an area of about 200000 square meters..(2)That school charges the students about three thousand yuan a year. Butthat dose not cover food and lodging.(3)These papers showed how their manager tried to cover up the financial crisis of the company.(4)We must always remember not to waste our limited water resources.(5)He was so absorbed in his work that he often did not even remember to eat his meals.(6)Y ou can’t get it on credit. Y ou have to pay cash.(7)European Culture is a three-credit course conducted in English.(8)So how does our new boss strike you? He seems quite a nice guy to me.IV. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word1)A 2)C 3)B 4)D 5)AGrammarI .Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets, using participles as complement or attribute.(1)her name called(2)herself understood(3)him flying(4)came running(5)badly damaged in an earthquake last year(6)going in and out of, their hair doneII .complete each of the following sentences with the most likelyanswer1) D 2) A 3) C 4) C 5) CLesson Three Michael Dell’s Two-Billion –Dollar Dream Answers:I. Oral WorkII. V ocabulary Test1.Give synonyms and antonyms of the following(1)to fasten(2)to make fun of(3)company(4)producer2) Give antonyms(1) insufficient(2) reluctant(3) netting(4) about2．Choose the right words in their proper forms.1)（1）mock(2) laughs ，laughs2) (1) worthy(2) worthIII. Grammar WorkWould ensure changed was improved was was made was had would changeIV. Written WorkAnswer the question in about 150 wordsHow do you account for Michael Dell’s success when he first started his company?Dell, a multibillionaire and the founder of PC company of the same name transformed a dorm room operation at the University of Texas to one of the world’s largest corporation .But what are the reasons of such great success when he first started his company?Firstly, Michael had the entrepreneurial spirit. At age 12, he traded stamps by advertising in stamp magazines. He offered a national stamp auction through the mail .Four years later; He created a venture for selling newspaper subscriptions through target marketing, and bought a B. MW with the $18,000 he earned. These experiences are of great help.Secondly, success is being efficient. Michael saw an opportunity for bypassing the middleman, who adds little value to the products and sells custom-built PCs directly to end users.Hard work is also important, Dell once credited his own success to the fact that his parents expected their three sons to learn and work hard-and draws a lesson from this.As the reasons mentioned above, he makes the impossible seem natural, and his modest demeanor masks an unimaginable and limitless drive for success.V. Translation1) The mission was put off before the rocket was launched.2) Sport is important because it concerns the health of the people of a nation ,and not because it isa profitable business.Lesson Four Wisdom of Bear W oodAnswersI. Oral WorkII. V ocabulary Test1.Give synonyms and antonyms of the following1)Give synonyms(1)to wander(2) to give up(3)great(4)scared2)Give antonyms(1)minor(2) unhappy(3)thin2.Choose the right words in their proper forms.1)(1)crawl(2) creep2)(1)tone(2) tuneIII. Grammar Work.Put appropriate prepositions in the blanksat in like for to with out of to of By of in IV. Written WorkAnswer the question in about 150 words.Since their first encounter, Mrs. Robertson-Glasgow gave the narrator too many precious memories and the narrator also learned and got a lot from Mrs. Robertson-Glasgow. When they met in Bear Wood for the first time, Mrs. Robertson-Glasgow gave him a welcoming smile that instantly put him at ease. After Mrs. Robertson-Glasgow introduced herself, she extended her fine hand to him in a more equal and valued way. Mrs. Robertson-Glasgow made delicious tarts for the narrator. Mrs. Robertson-Glasgow also taught him something about birds, insects,plants and trees. In a word, his encounter with Mrs. Robertson-Glasgow brought him too many valuable memories that would accompany and affect him during his lifetime. So he regarded it as a legacy. What his cross-age friendship left him was the most precious, rare thing—an enduring and rewarding friendship.V. Translation1)She says that she just doesn’t fell inclined to work today.2)I am inclined to look at things from the bright side.Lesson Five Twelve Angry Men (Part One)AnswersⅠOral WorkⅡ.V ocabulary Work.1. Translate the expressions1）into Chinese(1) 犯严重错误(2）处理案件(3）出庭作证(4）提供证据(5）验明凶器(6）抹去指印(7）进行盘问(8）付诸表决(9）要求表决2) into English(1)to quote the Bible (2) to list all the reasons (3)to dial the phone number (4)to definite a word (5) to serve a jail term (6) to apologies sb for sth (7)to refute argument (8)to test the sharpness of a knife (9)to clear one’s throat2. Choose the right words in their proper forms.●(1) sensitive (2) sensitive (3)sensitive (4)sensible●(1) excited (2) excitable (3)exciting (4)excited●(1)charged accused (2)accused (3)charge (4)accusation●(1)admitted (2)acknowledge (3)acknowledge (4)admit (5) admitted Ⅲ.Grammar Work1)Choose the right form of the verb in brackets—gerund or infinitive (1)watching (2) selling (3) to launch (4)secure (5) wondering(6)to save (7) feeling (8)being to be/being (9)to answer (10)having2)Choose the right answer.(1)D (2) A (3)C (4) A (5)BⅣ.Translation.(1)Our company was heavily in debt when he took over .We owed the bankabout 10 million.(2)Lao Song, I owe you an apology. I really behaved like a fool that day.(3)People know very well that they owe everything they have today to thereform and policy.(4)Why did their boat invade our territorial waters? They owe us an explanationat least.(5)He claimed to have two Ph.D. degrees from two universities.(6)Both sides claimed to have won the competition .(7)The Taiping took the city finally. But the battle claimed one of their bestleaders.(8)These patients won the claim of 50 million dollars for their damaged health.(9)This otherwise wonderful manager is a womanizer.Lesson Seven The RivalsAnswersI. Oral workII. Vocabulary1. Choose the right words and put it in the proper form（1）company ; company ;companion ; companion（2）hideous; tedious ; tedious（3）such; so ; so ; such2. Complete the following sentences.(1) to(2) As for(3) to(4) on(5) As(6) for that matter(7) for that matter(8) In(9) For all(10) For allIII. Grammar W ork.1. Complete by translating part of each sentence.(1) they should fail again(2) he had enough money(3) the world’s population ceased to increase so fast(4) I had known that my favorite singing star was going to meet the music fans on theweekend.(5) I were the President2. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.(1) c (2) b (3) d (4)a (5) d (6) c (7) d (8) a (9) b (10) cIV. Written W orkWrite a short paragraph explaining the title of the story“The Rivals”.Lesson Eight “We’re Only Human”AnswersI. Oral work.II. V ocabulary test.Choose the best word or phrase for each blink from the four supplied in brackets.(1)exact (2)leading (3)searching (4)had been marching (5)over (6)reach (7)where (8)all (9)feeling (10)when (11)being (12)almost (13)than (14)like (15)up III. Grammar Work.Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.1) B 2) C 3) B 5) D 6) A 7) B 8) A 9) B 10) D11) B 12) B 13) C 14) D 15) BIV. Written work.Write a short essay of about 200 words on the topic “ What it Means to Be Human”Y ou are expected to1.Provide a definition of the word “human”;2.List two or three key qualities that convey what it means to be fully human;e examples to illustrate each quality.Lesson Nine A Dill PickleAnswersI. Oral WorkII．V ocabulary Test1. Translation1) to peel the potatoes2) to decorate the rooms3) to lift the veil4) to unbutton the collar2．Put in appropriate words1) hate 2)absurdIII. Grammar W ork.Rewrite the following sentences or the italicized parts, using rhetorical questions.1. (Who)says it’s easy?2. (How)does he know how long 15seconds is?IV. Written W orkWrite a short passage of about 160-200words on any of following topics.1.The changes V era found in her former lover when they met again six years later .2.Why V era broke off with her lover six years ago and how she realized that it wasimpossible for them to pick up their romantic relationship when they met again.(for your reference)The reason for V era to break off their relationship six years before and after was that the man was to self-engrossed and insensitive to show his concerns to others, what’s more, he even blamed this self-involvement on V era’s part as well.During the conversation, the man concentrated most on himself, taking a lot about his traveling experience around the world, totally ignoring the obvious fact that V era was now living in a plight.In all, it is the man’s total incomprehension of V era’s feeling and his overdue self-involvement that made V era determined to break off their relationship and leave him again in the end.V. Translation1. They are stretched their necks to see what was happening .2. The desert stretches for nearly a hundred miles.Lesson T en Diogenes and Alexander Answers:I. Oral work.I I. V ocabulary test.1.Translate the following into Chinese1) 年久失修的防御工事2）（美国历史上的）擅自占有土地的人所搭的临时简陋房子3）储物罐4）易于变质的商品5）社会习俗6）摇摇晃晃，头重脚轻的酒鬼7）隐士居住的山洞8）当前的风云人物9）英雄人物10）一种带有使命感的神态11）看人时如火炬的眼光12）战争恐慌13）如雨点一般的石头14）一小撮捣乱分子2. Choose the right words in their proper forms.1) (1) matter (2) affairs (3) matters(4) matter (5) affairs (6) affairs2) (1) empty (2) bare (3) hollow (4) empty (5) vacant III. Grammar workComplete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer .1) D 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) C 6) B 7) D8) A 9) C 10) B 11) D 12) D 13)A 14) CIV. Written workDescribe Alexander’s visit to Diogenes in about 150 words and end the account with a sentence or two commenting on the behavior of both.。

lesson1Glossaryacademic 学院的adolescence 青春期adolescent 青少年时期adulthood 成年affection 喜爱affirm 断言agenda 日程表anxiety 焦虑attitudinal 态度的baptistbounce 跳跃capability 能力contribute 贡献counsel 建议crisis 危机definite 清楚的developmental 发育的distinct 区分，差别distressed 悲伤dorm 公寓，宿舍(大学生) encyclopedia 百科全书endeavor 尝试endowment 天赋ethical 道德的evaluate 估算，评估excessive 过分的，极度的feminine 女性的financial 财政的functional 职务的genetic 基因的guilt 内疚heighten 提高inherit 遗传，继承inhibition 压抑的情绪interact 交流interaction 合作involve （成功的）必要条件journal 期刊masculine 男性的maturity 成熟mistrust 不信任newscast 新闻广播parental 父母的peer 同龄人perceive 理解position 工作prejudiced 偏见project 规划rebel 抗议relate 理解，同情某人resentment 怨恨role 职责seminary 学院的separation 分开sexual 2性的shrink 缩水stressful 有压力的superior 优秀的theological 神学的unquestionably 毫无疑问的lesson2Glossaryalley n.小路, 巷bitterness n.苦味, 悲痛, 怨恨call it quits 停止civil war 内战Congressman n.国会议员, 众议院议员dirt road 土路down and out 落魄drip n.水滴vt.(使)滴下vi.(使)滴下druggist n.药商, 药材商, 药剂师【医】药商, 调剂员farmhouse n.农舍general n.一般, 将军, 大体a.全面的, 大体的, 总的, 一般的, 普遍的n.常规【计】常规【医】一般的, 全身性, 广泛的get hold of 抓住, 得到get word 获得消息, 听说, 得知glimpose n.一瞥, 一闪vi.投以一瞥, 闪烁不定vt.瞥见fool around 闲荡, 干蠢事, 干无用的事, 干琐屑的事grand marshal 大元帅harness n.马具, 挽具状带子, 甲胄vt.给...上挽具, 驾驭, 披上甲胄, 利用...以产生动力headquarters n.总部, 司令部, 总部人员【经】本部, 总部, 总署hush n.肃静, 安静, 沉默vt.(使)肃静, (使)安静, (使)缄默interj.嘘, 别作声intimate a.亲密的, 私人的, 秘密的vt.暗示, 通知, 告诉n.至交【法】亲密的, 亲切的, 私人的lrish 爱尔兰的liven vt.使高兴, 使快活vi.快活起来livery n.制服, 侍从a.象肝的, 有肝病症状的memoir n.传记, 实录, 追思录, 回忆录, 自传【化】研究报告miraculously ad.超自然, 非凡, 不可思议, 令人惊叹, 象奇迹一样, 奇迹般, 能创造奇迹momentary a.瞬间的, 刹那间的naked a.裸体的, 无装饰的, 无保护的, 赤贫的【医】裸露的orderly a.有秩序的, 整齐的, 值班的n.护理员, 清道夫, 传令兵, 勤务兵ad.依次地, 顺序地【医】男护理员parade n.游行, 炫耀, 阅兵vt.游行, 炫耀, (使)列队行进vi.游行, 炫耀, (使)列队行进pond n.池塘vt.筑成池塘vi.筑成池塘Presbyterian adj.长老制的, 长老会的n.长老教会员railroad n.铁路, 铁路公司vt.铺设铁路, 用铁路运输vi.在铁路工作【经】铁道, 铁路ridiculous a.荒谬的, 可笑的Scotsman n.苏格兰人，苏格兰男人shed n.车棚, 小屋, 脱落之物, 分水岭vt.使流出, 放射, 脱落, 散发, 摆脱vi.流出, 散布, 脱落【医】脱落, 脱换show up 揭露, 露出, 露面smash n.打碎, 粉碎, 打碎时哗啦声, 猛击, 扣球, 杀球, 经营失败, 破产, 硬币, 假硬币a.非常轰动的, 了不起的vt.打碎, 粉碎, 击溃, 使破产, 使裂变, 使用假硬币vi.碎裂, 猛撞, 破产, 扣球, 杀球ad.轰隆一声, 哗啦一声surrender vt.交出, 放弃, 使投降, 让与vi.投降, 自首n.交出, 放弃, 投降Swede n.瑞典人sympathize vi.同情, 怜悯, 同意, 体谅thick with somebody 厚与某人windbag n.空话连篇的人, 风囊lesson3Glossaryadministration n.管理advertise v.登广告advertisement n.广告anchor v.抛锚；使牢固assemble v.集合attach v.系；绑；连接award n.奖品basics n.基本；要素campus n.校园charitable a.慈善的civic a.城市的combat n.战斗；格斗compete v.竞争competition n.竞争consumer n.消费者custom-made a.定做的customazed a.定做的；定制的deal n.协议dealer n.商人delivery n.（把货物、信件等）送往（某处）dignify v.使。

1.Paraphrase: Everyone is the product of causation. (Paragraph 1)Everyone was born for some reasons.2.Paraphrase: It’s when callers protest that they are “only human.” (Paragraph 2)Callers say that they are “only human” for objecting.3.Explain in English: peer, aptly (Paragraph 3)Peer: to look very carefully at somethingAptly: named, described etc in a way that seems very suitable4.Paraphrase: We were put on earth to rise above nature. (Paragraph 3)We were born and we live on the top of nature.5.Explain in English: fill out their destiny (Paragraph 4)Decide by their fates6.Explain in English: altruistic behavior, reciprocal benefits (Paragraph 6)Altruistic behavior: shows that you care about and will help other people, even though thisbrings no advantage for yourself[≠selfish]Reciprocal benefits:is one in which two people or groups do or give the same things to eachother7.Explain in English: Eliminating the investment concept, restoring character to its rightfulplace in our lives (Paragraph 7)Eliminating the investment concept: to completely get rid of an idea of how investment is Restoring character to its rightful place in our lives: put the particular combinationof qualities that makes someone a particular type of person in the right place in our lives 8.Explain in English: bachelor party, that fateful night, entertainment-type women (Paragraph 9)bachelor party：a party is attended by people who have no wife or husbandThat fateful night:an important or vital nightEntertainment-type women: a kind of women who are intended to amuse or interest people 9.Explain in English: integrity, connivers and cheats (Paragraph 11)integrity ：the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be rightconnivers and cheats：people who not try to stop something wrong from happening andsomeone who is dishonest and cheatspare: I’m being selfish. & I’m selfish. (Paragraph 13)第一句话强调我非常自私，而第二句是我自私。

Unit 8Vocabulary1.Translate the following expressions into English.1. lift the curtain 11. defy/challenge the authority2. resent the treatment 12. bend the rules3. calculate the price 13. oppose the decision4. confiscate one's property 14. plot murder5. draw ridicule l5. diagnose liver cancer6. offend the boss l6. complicate the matter7. commit treason 17. recharge a flagging spirit8. dismiss the idea 18. recapture one's childhood9. bury the dead 19. interrogate the suspect10. announce/declare bankruptcy 20. disconnect the power2.Give appropriate nouns or verbs that can formpossible collocations.Give nouns1. a report/an opinion/an order / a warning/a new stock/new stamps2. a missile/a satellite/a campaign3. the boat/the train/the bus/the chance/the point/one's friend/a few classes/the first part of the lecture4. the number/the amount/the size/the weight/consumption/price/cost5. time/money/life/space/energy/face/one's skin/sb a lot of trouble6. the sale of drugs/land use/private property/private schools/small businessmen7. the law/free speech/the rules/the contract/the agreement/the principle/human rights/the no-fly zone8. the table/the stage/the goal/the task/the record/the standard/the rule9. curiosity/interest/excitement/memories/fears/anger/hatredGive verbs1. have/develop/form/change/break/kick2. speak/change/read/slip/keep/close/cross3. have/lose/find/ask/block/mend (Note: With "mend," we have to say “mend one’s ways”)4.discuss/raise/address/confuse/confront/tackle/explore(Note:With “make,” we have to say "make sth an issue" or "make an issue of sth.")3.Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the appropriate words listed below.1. resign，resignation, cleared2, utterly, cleared, amounted3. resign, clearly, amount4. resign, mind, amount5. mind, utterly, mind, have amounted, clear up6. utter, mind, clearly, mind7.amount, utter, cleared4.Replace the italicized parts with appropriate words or expressions from the text.1. unthinkable: inconceivableput this unrealistic dream out of our minds: dismiss this idea2. long ago: way backhave lost contact: have been completely out of 'touch3. every now and then: time and again/from time to time/at timesas he had done all his life: out of habit4. how: the waywatch over: hover over5. calls a spade a spade: tells people what's tin his mindit is not always wise: it is not a good policy6.knew so little:was so ill-informedsecret plan: schemeadmit it: accept the inevitable7.talk to me and cheer me up: give me a pep talk and recharge my flagging spiritslook on the bright side: look for the silver liningthink of the good things in my life: count my blessings8. admit: confessalso make this mistake: am also guilty of thisclearly: transparently9.seldom: rarelyrouses my interest: stirs my curiosityfind out how they think nowadays: enter the current orbits of their minds 10.while: whereashas little interest in: is indifferent togeneration gap: disconnection between generations5.Choose the appropriate words or expressions in the given context .1. preside over, out of / in2. with, in/about3. dropped, in4. on, capable5. on the increase, upon6. in, of, to7. Instead of, on, way/vein8. by, with, for, free9. of, on10. impossible, him11. in advance, blow up6.Translate the following sentences into English.1. It is an utter waste of money and precious land resources. They must be out of their minds to turn such fertile farmland into golf courts for a few rich people.2. lt's utterly impossible to have complete safety with nuclear waste. Sooner or later some problem will occur. So unless we are ready to accept the inevitable, we must not rush to a decision.3. She was under severe attack throughout the meeting, but she did not utter a word. She had decided to hand in her resignation right away.4. Many people are lured to go after fancy titles out of vanity, and I am also guilty of this.5. As we were warned in advance, the inflation rate in the first quarter of this year was still on the rise. This amounted to a drop in people's income. But every cloud has its silver lining. Consumption was also on the rise.6. Keep in mind that we may be able to prevent young people from speaking their mind, but we can never succeed in making them stop thinking.7. Anybody in his right mind knows that we need both freedom anddiscipline. We either have both or neither. Therefore students cannot have their way unconditionally.8. She warned those countries in advance way back in the 1990s that if they did not get rid of their economic bubbles, their economies would face a hard landing.9. What I have in mind is to buy a house in the suburbs as I loathe the heavy pollution as well as the hustle and bustle of the big city. If because of this I cannot go shopping in Wangfujing every Sunday, that's just too bad.10. Many people there seem to be indifferent to the coming election. Right now they just hope the dark clouds of war will clear away so that they can live in peace.Grammar1 Learn about absolute construction.1 Classify the underlined absolute construction into categories on the basis of grammatical form.Category 1:5, 9Category 3: 2, 4Category 2: 1，6, 10Category 4: 3, 7, 82 Combine the sentences by using absolute construction.1. The old man dozed in his armchair, his chin on his chest, and his glasses on his lap.2. Jane cycled through the storm, her shoulders bent low, and her hair streaming in the wind.3. The little boy laughed, his eyes flashing with mischief.4. On New Year's Eve, our apartment was filled with a holiday atmosphere: (with) scrolls put on the door, the living room decorated with lanterns, and a great variety of food being prepared in the kitchen.5. Pistols in hands, the police officers dashed into the criminal's hiding place.6. With the last bus gone, we had to walk home.7. We waited for hours in bitter cold, our teeth chattering.8. (With) The three-year civil war over, the nation was ready to embark on a program of economic reform.9. The traffic inched along, horns honking, police officers blowing their whistles.10. The legendary police detective appeared in the doorway, his hat pulled low over his face, his narrow eyes sweeping the room for any sign of trouble.2 Translate the sentences using absolute construction.1. She walked right past me, nose in the air.2. With the wind howling, the rain beating against the windows, I didn't have a wink of sleep last night.3. The sentry kept watch on the bridge, gun in hand.4. The soldiers left, the house and courtyard cleaned up, the water jars full.5. The new republic ultimately triumphed, with the rebellion put down, major enemies wiped out, and peace and order established in the country.6. A storm brewing, the construction workers decided to call it a day.7. Their three-month training completed,the dogs embarked on the mission of guiding, protecting, and aiding blind people.8. The fire caused heavy casualties,twenty-four people killed and several injured.9. Night having fallen and the Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the wooden horse.10. Autumn is beautiful, the corn ripe, apples hanging from the trees, and everything red or yellow, or brown.3.Study the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.A note on the parenthetical clauses: They are a clause that is inserted inthe middle of a sentence and could be omitted without affecting the completeness of the rest of the sentence or its meaning. Parenthetical clauses are generally marked off by comas, dashes, or parentheses.1.This is a complex sentence. The main clause contains two predicate verbs: "stopped" and "tried." The what-clause functions as the object of the preposition "to."In the what-clause:Subject: IPredicate verb: consideredObject: whatObject complement: the real world2. This is also a complex sentence.In the main clause:Subject: the whole of the that-clausePredicate verb: irritatedSubordinate clauses:Parenthetical clause: as I thought (used twice)Adverbial clause of comparison: when my own had been so hard4. Translate the selection into Chinese.从心理上讲，老年时期要预防两种危险。

Unit8一、词汇短语Text Afuneral[]n.葬礼，出殡adj.葬礼的，丧葬的【例句】I didn’t see how the committee could handle it,but it wasn’t my funeral.我不知道委员会如何处理这个问题，但这可不是我的事儿。

palm[]n.手掌，掌状物；棕榈树；胜利v.将…置于掌中；欺骗【例句】①Growing along the river are tall palm trees.沿着这条河生长的是高大的棕树。

②He palmed off the fake Swiss watches on the shop keeper.他把假瑞士表骗卖给那家店主。

【词组】grease sb’s palm贿赂某人；打点have sb.in the palm of one’s hand完全掌握某人；完全控制某人grease/oil sb’s palm with买通；向…行贿orchard[]n.果园【例句】After the storm she gathered a basketful of windfalls in the apple orchard.风暴过后，她从苹果园地上拣了满满一篮子苹果。

【助记】看作orange+yard或garden；orchestra管弦乐队在果园里演奏。

brisk[]adj.兴隆的；轻快的，活泼的；凛冽的v.使活泼，活跃起来【例句】He was a vigorous,brisk person.他是一个强壮的，活泼有力的人。

【助记】不risk。

不冒险就难受－充满生机的和有活力的【派生】briskness n.活泼；轻快；敏捷briskly adv.轻快地；活泼地；伶俐地；迅速地fierce[]adj.凶猛的；强烈的，狂热的【例句】The fierce sun parched the bare earth.灼热的阳光炙烤着光秃秃的大地。

现代大学英语精读3Unit8答案Unit 8Vocabulary3 Give the word that refers to a person coming from that land or area1. Japanese2. Italian3. Brazilian4. Iranian5. Cantonese6. Indonesian7. Cuban8. Vietnamese9. Lebanese10. Syrian11. Canadian 12. Korean13. Egyptian14. Portuguese15. Indian16. Nepalese17. Chilean18. Russian19. Mexican20. Romanian21. Sudanese22 Mongolian4 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word “addict” or “consider ”1 addicts2 addictive, addicted3 addiction4 consider, consideration5 considerate6 Considerable, considered2 Complete the following verb+ noun collections or expressions1. pitch2. meal, dish, food3. guests, friends4. take, plan5 rouse6. faith, library books, friendship7. hitch8. drive, travel, cover 9. people10. people, animals11. test, develop, prove12. conquer, feel13. make, take, accept14 nip15 touch, break3. Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets.1. that all nations realize that global warming is everybody’s bushiness2. that life is always full of opportunities and challenges/risks3. that all this has proved that our efforts have not been in vain4. that the earth moves round the sun5. that she had been admitted to that university6. that wives ought to stay at home7. that the best policy is to tell people the truth8. that he mentioned the other day that9. that our teacher once said that he had noticed that some students still had difficulties with their grammar.5 Fill in the brackets with the correct prepositions or adverbs1 for2 into3 after4 away, over5 out of6 out, into 7. to, in 8 over, out for, for 9 to, about, on, across6. Translate the following sentences into English1. The fuel/gas ran out, but he managed to make a safe landing in rice fields.2. There are already quite a few students who are considering running for the chairman of the Students’ Union.3. That student who was run over by the horse carriage is now out of danger. I consider him really lucky.4. It is said that this well has never run dry in the past hundreds of years, and this has been considered a miracle.5. We are running short of hands. You have just come in the right time.6. I’d rather have some of our public works run by the state than by private businessmen.7. She warned me not to make friends with those who are always running after name and money.8. We warned them that what they did was against/a violation of the agreement/contract, and we would take legal action.7. Fill in the blanks with the correct word(s) in the brackets. More than one word may be correct.1 remember/memorize2 remember/recall3 remember/recall4 remember, special5 middle6 center7 however, visits8 special, trip 9 particular, tour 10 found, found outGrammar2 Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets, using a what-clause.1. What farmers what most2. what they suggested3. what my parents said to me4. what they were trying to do5. what life was all about6. what they should get out of college7. what we need8. what you look like9. what the village had achieved in the past 30 years10. what the federal government should not do at the moment3 Translate the sentences using a what-clause or a present participle phrase1. Do what you like without caring about what other people think.2. We should find out what the students think about the matter.3. We’ll do what we can to help the earthquake victims.4. I hope what I have written will be of help to other college students.5. Being journalism majors, we ought to keep ourselves informed of what is happening around the world.6. “Stop thief!” a student called, raising his voice.7. Having nothing more interesting to do, the boy decided to take his alarm clock apart.8. Wang Lan opened the wardrobe, wondering what she should wear to the interview the next day.9. The village head went from door to door telling people to leave for a nearby hill.10. Realizing he’d been deceived, the old man reported t he painful experience to the police.4. Fill in each blank of the passage with one suitable word.1 easy2 away3 them4 running5 However6 change7 exercise8 can9 anyone 10 that5 Identify and correct the mistake(s) in each of the sentence.1. Shortly after the Spring Festival, he returned to Beijing to prepare for a job interview.2. I don’t like the way some young people speak to their elders/people older than themselves.3. it was in high school that Tommy first/ for the first timerealized he was different from his peers.4. Turning the corner of the street, we found a new duck restaurant there. / As we turned the corner of the street, a new duck restaurant came into view.5. What they need most at the moment is encouragement, not merely financial support.6. Making a presentation in English for the first time, I was so nervous that my knees kept shaking. / When I was making a presentation in English fore the first time, I was so nervous that my knees kept shaking.7. Being a spoiled child, Jim is rarely popular with other children.8. While training for the school sports meet, Linda ran at least five kilometers every day.9. He wrote to inform us that he was leaving for India next Friday.10. Knowing Grandma had heart trouble, Dad broke the bad news gently. / As he knew Grandma had heart trouble, Dad broke the bad news gently.。

大学英语精读第三册第8课DaydreamaLittle大学英语精读第三册第8课Daydream a Little导语：白日梦是指清醒时的脑内所产生的幻想及影像，通常是开心的念头、希望或野心。

下面是一篇关于白日梦的英语课文，欢迎大家来学习。

TextDaydreaming has always had reputation, but now scientific research has revealed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.Daydream a LittleEugene Raudsepp"Daydreaming again, Barb? You'll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way! Can't you find something useful to do?" Many youngsters have heard words like those from their parents. And until recently this hostile attitude towards daydreaming was the most common one. Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered and unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do.Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. Once it was thought that nighttime dreams interfered with our needed rest. But then researchers tried interrupting the dreams of sleepers. They learned that sleepers who aren't allowed to dream lost the benefits of rest. They become tense and anxious. They become irritable. They have trouble concentrating. Their mental health is temporarily damaged. To feel well again, theymust be allowed to dream.Now researchers are finding that daydreaming may also be important to mental health. Daydreaming, they tell us, is a good means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have conducted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions.Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, this same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to detail. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to produce improved self-control and creative abilities.But that's only part of the story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that "you can imagine your future." Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these notable achievers, it appears that their daydreams came true.Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick believed that the way we picture ourselves is often the way we turn out. He offered this advice: "Hold a picture of yourself … in your mind's eye, and you will be drawn toward it. Picture yourself vividly as defeated, and that will make victory impossible. Picture yourself as winning, and that will contribute immeasurably to success. Do not picture yourself as anything, and you will drift ……"The experiences of some athletes seem to confirm this belief.For instance, John Uelses, a former pole-vaulting champion, used daydreaming techniques before each meet. He would imagine himself winning. He would vividly picture himself clearing the bar at a certain height. He would go over all the details in his mind. He would picture the stadium and the crowds. He'd even imagine the smell of the grass and the earth. He said that this exercise of the imagination left memory traces in his mind that would later help his actual performance.Why would a mental vision of success help produce real success? Dr. Maxwel Maltz, a surgeon and author, say this: "Your nervous system cannot tell the difference between an imagined experience and real experience. In either case it reacts automatically to information that you give it …… It reacts appropriately to what you think or imagine to be true."He believes that purposeful daydreaming builds new "memories" in the brain. These positive memories improve a person's self-image. And self-image has an important effect on a person's action and accomplishments.Can you use purposeful daydreaming to shape your own future? Why not try? Here is how those who believe in creative daydreaming recommend going about it. Choose a time when you can be alone and undisturbed. Close your eyes, to permit your imagination to soar more freely. Many people find that they get best results by pretending that they are sitting before a large screen. They project the desired image of themselves onto that screen.Now picture yourself —— as vividly as possible ——the way you want to be. Remember to picture your desired goals as if you had already attained them. Go over all the details of this picture. See them clearly and sharply. Impress them strongly on yourmemory. The resulting memory traces will supposedly start affecting your everyday life. They will help lead you to the attainment to your goals.Of course daydreaming is no substitute for hard work. If it's athletic achievement you want, you also have to get lots of practice in your sport. You have to work hard to develop skills. If it's school success you're after, you can't neglect studying Daydreaming alone can't turn you into your heart's desire. But in combination with the more usual methods of self-development, it might make a critical difference. It could be the difference between becoming merely good at something and becoming a champion.If what researchers are saying is true, a life lived without fantasies and daydreams isn't as rich and rewarding as life can be. So they suggest setting aside a few minutes each day for daydreaming. By so doing, you may improve your physical and mental well-being. By taking a ten-or fifteen-minute "vacation" into the realm of imagination each day, you may add much to the excitement and enjoyment of your life. And who knows: You might see your own daydreams come true.New wordshostilea. unfriendly; belonging to an enemy 敌对的viewvt. consider, regardescapen. & v. 逃跑;逃避nighttimea. occurring at nightinterferevi. get in the way of another 干涉;妨碍interference n.researchern. advantage, profit, good effect 益处tensea. feeling or showing nervous anxiety 紧张的`irritablea. easily annoyed or made angrymeansn. method or waypsychologistn. person who has studied or is skilled in psychology 心理学家contributevi. help in bringing about 贡献growthn. growing; developmentconcentrationn. concentrating or being concentratedspann. length of time during which sth. Continuses or works well 一段时间self-controln. control of one's own feelings, behavior, etc.creativea. having the power to create; inventiveremarkablea. deserving attention; unusual, out of the ordinary 显著的;非凡的shapevt. influence and determine the course or form of 形成，塑造industrialistn. one owing an industry or engaged in its managementmaintainvt. state or assert as true; keep up 断言;维持picturevt. imagine; make a picture ofinventorn. a person who makes up or produces sth. newnotablea. outstanding; worthy of notice 著名的;值得注意的achievern. one who achieves; winnervividlyad. in a lively manner 生动地;逼真的vivid a.immeasurablyad. to an extent or degree too great to be measured; beyond measuredriftvi. float or be driven along by wind, waves or currents 漂(流)athleten. person who is trained and skilled in physical exercises and who competes in games that need strength and speed 运动员pole-vaultingn. jumping with the help of a long pole held in the hand 撑竿跳championn. person or team taking the first place in competition 冠军meetn. (AmE) gathering esp. for competitive sports 下载文档。

大学英语精读第三册第八课白日梦的名声一向不好，但现在科学研究已揭示，白日做梦也许真能增进心理健康和提高创造力，白日做梦甚至可帮助你实现你渴望达到的目标。

做点白日梦尤金·罗德塞普“又在白日做梦啦，巴勃?你要是老这样消磨时间，你将一事无成!难道你就不能找点有益的事做吗?”许多年轻人都听见他们的父母谈过相似的话。

直至最近，这种对白日做梦的敌视态度仍就是人们最常用的态度。

白日做梦被视作浪费时间，或被看作就是逃避现实生活及其责任的一种不身心健康的女性主义。

但现在有人对此抱持一种代莱看法。

有些人指出，白日做梦或许就是一件十分有利于身心健康的事情。

人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

人们曾一度以为夜间做梦干扰我们所需的休息。

后来，研究人员设法打断睡眠者的梦。

他们获悉不让睡眠者做梦，他们反而得不到有益的休息。

这些人变得紧张不安，烦躁易怒。

他们的注意力难以集中。

他们会暂时在精神上受到损害。

要恢复健康，就得让他们做梦。

如今研究人员正发现白日做梦对人的精神可能也有重要的影响。

他们说，白日做梦是一种很好的休息方式。

其好处还不止于此。

一些心理学家已经进行过试验，并得出一些令人吃惊的结论。

琼·t·弗赖伯格博士得出结论说道，白日做梦有利于智力的发展。

她说道，白日做梦还能够并使人更加著眼，缩短注意力分散的时间，并提升与别人相处的能力。

在对上学的儿童展开的一项试验中，这位研究人员还辨认出白日做梦并使孩子们更加特别注意细节。

他们的精神更加开心。

他们相互间合作得更好。

另一名研究人员报告说道，白日做梦似乎能够提升自我强硬力与创造力。

但这些仅是一部分情况。

有关白日做梦的最引人注目的事情，或许是它在按我们自己的意愿创造未来生活方面所起的有益作用。

工业家亨利·j·凯泽相信，他的成功相当程度上应归功于积极利用白日做梦。

他坚持说:“你尽可以想象自己的未来。