国际管理复习题1.The term globalism generally refers to.a.increasing loyalty to your own countryb.global competition characterized by networks of people, institutionsand countriespetition in a border less worldd. b and c only (easy, page 3)2.In today's global world, a firm's competitors are.a.domestic companies in the same and related industryb.foreign companies in the same and related industryc.virtual, e-companies in the same and related industry locatedanywhere in the worldde all of the above (moderate, page 3)*3.One indicator of globalism is that foreign direct investment has grownthe world output of goods.a.as fast asb.twice as fast asc.more than three times as fast as (difficult, page 3)d.negatively compared to4.The European Union (EU) has now caught up with the United States to sharethe position of the world's.rgest debtorrgest investor (moderate, page 3)rgest marketrgest tariff-free market5.Gayle Warwick Fine Linen owes its success primarily to.a. a large dedicated staff in Englandb.the ability to source embroiderers and skilled craftspeople inVietnam (moderate, pages 4-5)*c.the fact that she speaks French fluentlyd.all of the above6.The three major world currencies today are.a.euro, yen, U・S・ dollar (easy, page 5)b.euro, yen, pesoc.euro, U.S. dollar, German markd.euro, U.S. dollar, peso7.The TRIAD market consists of which regions?a.Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and North Americab.Western Europe, Asia, and the United Statesc.Western Europe, Asia, and North America (moderate, page 5)d.Europe, Southeast Asia, and the Americas8.The European Union currently consists of how many nations?a.Tenb.Twenty-five (easy, page 6)c.Fortyd.Fifty9.Which of the following countries is not one of the Four Tigers?a.South Koreab.Hong Kongc.Taiwand.Thailand (moderate, page 6)10.China has enjoyed recent success as an export powerhouse built upon its.a.strengths of low costs and flow of capital (difficult, page 6)b.geographic location in the worldc.high educational standardsd.close ties with Japan11.China became a member of WTO in.a.2000b.2001 (difficult, page 7)c.1998d> not yet a member12.CAFTA stands for.a.Chinese American free Trade Associationb.Crafters of America Free Trade Associationc.Central American Free Trade Association (easy, page 8)d.none of the above1.The Italian company Parmalat's fraudulent activities came to light when.a.several children fell ill after drinking stale milkb. a disgruntled employee complained to the authoritiesc.Bank of America discovered that a document of 3.9 billion euros provided bythe company was bogus (moderate, page 30)*d.all of the above2.Managers today are usually quite sensitive to issues of social responsibility andethical behavior because of.a.interest groupsb.legal and governmental concernsc.media coveraged.all of the above (easy, page 31)*3.The criticisms of MNCs have been lessened in recent years due to.a.decreasing economic differences among countriesb.emergence of LDC multinationalsc.greater emphasis on social responsibility by multinationalsd< all of the above (easy, page 32)*4.Issues of social responsibility continue to center on all of the following exceptitary industrial complex (moderate, page 32)b.the environmentc.consumer concernsd.employees' safety and welfare5.Some argue that MNCs already have a positive impact on LDCs by.a.providing managerial trainingb.providing investment capitalc.creating jobsd・ all of the above (moderate, page 32)6.Multinational corporations are now often called.a.international corporationsb.domestic corporationsc.transnational corporations (moderate, page 32)d.joint ventures7.Many argue that, since MNCs operate in a global context, they should use theircapital, skills, and power to play a role in handling worldwidesocial and economic problems.a.culturalb.socioeconomicc.proactive (moderate, page 32)d.reactive8.The dilemma Del Monte managers in Kenya face is.a.whether to pay the prevailing low wage to farmers or to pay higher wagesb.whether to provide company transport to workers or let them use their ownmeansc.whether to use rich coastal lands for growing pineapples or leave theland for farming (moderate, page 32)*d.all of the above9.The sales, debts, and resources of the largest multinationals exceed the ofsome nations.a.gross national productb.public and private debtc.resourcesd.all of the above (moderate, page 32)10.The concept of international social responsibility is the expectation that MNCsconcern themselves about effects of their decisions regarding activities inother countries.a.philosophicalb・ competitivec. culturald・ social and economic (moderate, page 32)*1.An importer halted sales of the Japanese game Pokemon in Saudi Arabiabecausea.the game might encourage the un-Islamic practice of gambling(moderate, page 77)*b.children in Saudi Arabia were afraid of Pokemonc.Saudi Arabia charged very heavy duty on imports from Japand.all of the above2.In Saudi Arabia, women account for percent of the workforce.a.51b.45c.15d.7 (moderate, page 78)*3.is having a working knowledge of the cultural variables affectingmanagement decisions.a.Cultural sensitivityb・ Cultural accommodationc. Cultural transferd・ Cultural savvy (easy, page 80)4.is an awareness and an honest caring about another individuaPs culture.a.Cultural accommodationb.Cultural empathy (moderate, page 80)c.Cultural sympathyd.Cultural transfer5.According to research by Black and Mendenhall, up to of expatriatemanagers leave their assignments early because of poor performance or pooradjustment in the local environment.a.10%b.40% (difficult, page 81)c.20%d.25%6.AT&T executives were the first to admit that one of the greatest challenges ofputting an international venture together was.a.the financial risks involvedb.partners frequently see the world in different ways (difficult, page 81)*c.employees do not want to work hard in certain culturesd.managers are ethnocentric7.Cultural variables such as religion, language, and shared codes of conductdetermine basic attitudes towards.a.work, and timeb.materialism, and individualismc.changede all of the above (moderate, page 81)8.The culture of in the Netherlands was incorporated into business policywhen KLM Royal Dutch Airlines revised its travel-benefits policy for families of employees.a.financial performanceb.cost controlc.human relations developmentd.social responsiveness (moderate, page 82)*9.The problem KLM encountered in the Netherlands centered around the issue ofa.bilingual versus monolingual employeesb.male versus female employeesc.pay differences between men and womend.marital status or sexual preference (moderate, page 82)*10.Japanese customers were not attracted to DelTs e-commerce site becausea.they did not understand the English languageb.they do not do business over the internetc.the black borders on the site were considered negative in Japan(moderate, page 83)*d.all of the above1.The CEO in Taiwan was offended when Mr. Romano called him “Lau-ban ya"instead of “Au-barT because “Lau-ba n ya” meant instead of “No.l Boss."a.Wife of Boss (moderate, page 113)*b.Low level employeec.Not happy to see youd.I wish I had never come here2.Which of the following does not constitute a normal interpersonalcommunication task for managers?a.coordinate activitiesb- disseminate informationc. motivate employeesd> give speeches at conferences (moderate, page 115)3.Studies by Mintzberg demonstrate that managers spend between percentof their time talking to people.a.10 and 20b.21 and 30c.31 and 40de 50 and 90 (easy, page 115)4.According to communication researchers Samovar, Porter, and Jain,.a> cultural factors pervade the communication process (difficult, page 116)b.noise is always equally present in cross-cultural communicationc.culture does not influence with whom we choose to speakmunication behavior is not largely dependent on culture5.All of the following are part of a person's life space except.a.cultureb- experiencec. valuesde all of the above (moderate, page 116)6.When a member of one culture sends a message to a member of another culture,takes place.a.the value chainb.intercultural communication (moderate, page 117)c.the communication adoption processd.homogeneous communication7.is the process in which people look for the explanation of anotherperson's behavior.a.Attribution (moderate, page 117)b.Cultural noisec.Stereotypingd.Affirmation1.Ignorance of, more than any other single factor, accounts for America'sunimpressive sales efforts with Japan.a> native bargaining rituals (moderate, page 146)b.domestic industry structurec.negotiation strategyd.cultural communication processes2.Which of the following is not a major difference in the negotiation process fromcountry to country?a.reliance on general principles rather than specific issuesb.number of people present and the extent of their influencec.relative emphasis on tasks versus interpersonal relationshipd.All of the above are major differences, (moderate, page 146)3. A Frenchman assumes that everyone behaves like the French do, assumingprojective cognitive similarity. Projective cognitive similarity is.a.assuming that cognitive information is more important than emotional appealsin negotiatingb.assuming that others perceive, think, and reason the way you do (difficult,page 146)*c.assuming that people feel they understand youd.assuming that people from different cultures negotiate in different ways4.The negotiation process comprises stages.a.threeb.fourCe five (easy, page 146)d.six5.The different stages of the negotiation process are.a.preparation, relationship building, exchange of task-related information,persuasion, concessions & agreements (difficult, page 146)b.preparation, relationship building, proposal, circulation, approvalc.relationship building, proposal, exchange of task-related information,persuasiond.proposal, circulation, persuasion, approval, record6.Which of the following is not a stage of the negotiation process?a.preparationb.relationship buildingc.persuasiond・ all of the above are stages of the negotiation process (easy, page 146)7.To understand differences in negotiating styles of people from other cultures,managers first need to understand.a.the other negotiator's cultureb.their own negotiating style (moderate, page 147)c.the five stages of the negotiation processd.cognitive versus emotional influences on negotiating success1.Mr. Zambrano's strategy of expanding CEMEX can best be described as.a.cautious, stay near home base as much as possibleb.Invest only your own money, do not incur debtc.bold, incur debt and globalize (moderate, pages 175-176)*d.did not believe in expansion as home market was profitable2.Cemex's pricing policy is criticized because it.a.charges the same price everywhere in the world irrespective of costb.charges lower prices in Mexico to help Mexico's developmentc.charges higher prices in Mexico because it sells in a retail market (difficult,page 176)*d.changes its prices every month.3.Cemex has not yet expanded into because of informal price controls anda tax system that is designed to suck profits.a> China (moderate, page 176)*b.IndonesiaAd.Colombia4.The process by which a firm's managers evaluate the future prospects of the firmand decide on appropriate strategies to achieve long-term objectives is called•a.strategic planning (moderate, page 177)b.internal resource analysisc.environmental scanningd.product planning5.The basic means by which a company competes ——its choice of business inwhich to operate and the ways in which it differentiates itself from itscompetitors 一is called its.a.policyb.procedurec.strategy (easy, page 177)d.process6.Strategic planning is usually done by.a.CEO and top managers (moderate, page 178)b.bottom up - by employees who submit plans to supervisorsc.middle managers who know both the workers and the lower level staffd.the stockholders7.Europe is currently attracting much new investment capital because of.a.low labor costs in Europeb.the opening of new markets in Eastern Europe (difficult, page 178)ck of new investment opportunities in Asiack of new investment opportunities in North America8.can be considered a reactive reason for a firm going international.a> International competition (moderate, page 178)b.Economies of scalec.Cost savingsd.all of the above9.Which of the following can be considered to be trade barriers that companiesseek to overcome by going international?a.tariffsb.quotasc.buy-local policiesde all of the above (easy, page 178)10.The U.S. pharmaceutical maker SmithKline and Britain's Beecham merged forwhat primary reason?a.to pursue new customer demandsb.for economy of scale reasonsc.because of limited domestic expansion opportunitiesd.to avoid licensing and other regulations in their largest markets (difficult,page 178)*1.are carried out through contract rather than ownership sharing are called.a.cultural strategic alliancesb.equity strategic alliancesc・ non-equity strategic alliances (moderate, page 249)d.transmodal strategic alliances2.are working partnerships between companies across national boundariesand increasingly across industries.a> Global strategic alliances (moderate, page 249)b. National strategic alliancesc.Domestic strategic alliancesd.Transitional strategic alliances3.is a typical reason for forming cross-border alliances.A.Avoiding import barriersB.Sharing R&D costsa.Gain access to specific marketsb.all of the above (easy, page 251)*4.All of the following are motives for forming cross-border alliances except toa.gain access to specific marketsb.gain market share (difficult, pages 251-252)*c.avoid protectionist legislationd.reduce political risk1.Korea's Samsung Electronics is emerging as a global enterprise throughwith leading overseas companiesa.joint R&D projectsb.technology transfer arrangementsc.joint investmentsd.all of the above (easy, page 274)*2.With Samsung's new reorganization, managers.a.have to go through several layers of hierarchy to get new products and plansapprovedb.can approve the new products and plans themselvesc.have to go through fewer layers of hierarchy to get new products and plansapproved (difficulty page 276)*d.cannot get new products and plans approved3.Samsung remains a diversified and vertically integrated company. Thus,chips and displays that go into its digital products.a.it manufactures its own (moderate, page 276)*b.its outside vendors supplyc.it subcontracts the production ofd・ all of the above4.Structure must fit or it will not work.a.the environmentb.coiporate traditions and historyc.cultural factorsd・ strategy (moderate, page 276)5.Which of the following is a major variable to take into account in organizationdesign?a.sizeb.environmentc.appropriate technologyd.all of the above (moderate, page 276)6.is the process by which a firm gradually changes in response to theimperatives of international competition, domestic market saturation, and desirefor expansion.anizingb.Strategyc.Localizingd.Internationalization (moderate, page 277)anizations usually organize their early stages of international activity througha(n)division.international (moderate, page 277)*b.centralizedc.decentralizedd.localized8.An international division may be organized along what lines?a.vertical and horizontalb.differentiated and integratedc.centralized and decentralizedd・ functional product, geographic (moderate, page 277)9.An international division with an integrated global structure can be organizedalong all of the following lines except.a.functional linesb.product linesc.geographic linesde cultural lines (moderate, page 277)10.Which of the following is a stage in Stopfordstages model?a.domestic structure plus export departmentb.domestic structure plus foreign subsidiaryc.international divisiond・ all of the above (moderate, page 277)1.Although they can realize cost savings by offshoring technology jobs to lowwage countries, may companies hesitate to do so because.bor groups and customers object to sending jobs overseas (difficult, page,338)*b.benefits to be paid to offshore workers more than make up for low wagesc.overseas workers are not as skilled as domestic workersd.the government prohibits export of technology jobs2.is the only source of sustainable competitive advantage available to U.S.companies.a.Sourcing ofcheap raw materialsb.The caliber of its people (moderate, page 339)*rmation technologyd.Capital3.Ideally, the should dictate the organizational structure and staffing needed bya firm.b.clients servedc.size of the firmd・ strategy of the firm (moderate, page 340)e.management philosophy of the firm4.Fred has been sent from USA (headquarters) to Tokyo to manage his firm'sJapanese subsidiary. This is an example of staffing approach.a.polycentricb.regiocentricc.globalde ethnocentric (moderate, page 341)*5.When a company suffers from an inadequate number of skilled managers fromthe local area in which it operates, and close communication is needed between branches and headquarters, which staffing approach is particularly appropriate?a.polycentricb.regiocentricc.globald.ethnocentric (moderate, page 341)*6.Which staffing approach is preferred when an organization has been structuredaround a centralized approach to globalization?a.polycentricb.regiocentricc.global7. are usually preferable where a high level of technical capability isrequired.a> Parent-country nationals (moderate, page 341)b.Host-country nationalsc.Third-country nationalsd.Cross-country nationals 二，问答题L To avoid culture-internet clash, how should E-businesses localize to globalize?In order to localize to globalize, E-businesses should do more than translate online content to the local language. E-businesses must take into account and adapt to different legal systems, financial structures, currencies, and local tastes and expectations. For example, Lycos Europe built its privacy policies based on German law since it is more stringent than that of other nations2,List the nine cultural dimensions which distinguish one society from another and have important managerial implications.The nine cultural dimensions are assertiveness, future orientation, performance orientation, humane orientation, gender differentiation, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, institutional collectivism versus individualism, and in-group collectivism3,Define strategy and explain the strategic planning process.Strategy is the basic means by which a company competes, including the choice of business or businesses in which to operate and the ways to differentiate itself from competitors in those businesses. The strategic planning process involves establishing the mission and objectives of the firm, assessing environmental factors, conducting an internal audit, assessing the strength of competitors, and designing an implementation plan。
