托福听力tpo1-10对话图书馆场景高频词

TPO1-TPO10 对话练习TPO1 Conversation 11. Why does the student go to see the librarian?To sign up for a seminar on using electronic sources for researchTo report that a journal is missing from the reference areaTo find out the procedure for checking out journal articlesTo ask about how to look for resources for a class paper2.What does the librarian say about the availability of journals and articles in the library?They are not easy to find if a professor put them on reserveMost of them are accessible in an electronic formatMost of them can be checked out for three weeksPrinted versions from the past three years are located in the reference section.3.What does the librarian suggest the student should do to save time?Choose an easier research topicConcentrate on five journalsRead the summaries of the articles first Install a new program on her home computer4.What can be inferred about why the woman decides to use the computer in the library?She thinks she might need additional help from the manShe does not have a computer at home She has to hand in her assignment by the end of the dayShe will be meeting a friend in the library later on5.Why does the woman say this()She had forgotten about the information She is surprised she was not aware of the informationShe is annoyed that the information was published only recentlyShe is concerned that the librarian gave her incorrect information TPO1 Conversation 21.What is the conversation mainly aboutA lesson Matthew prepared for his studentsA class Matthew has been observingA term paper that Matthew has writtenA problem in Matthew's classroom2.What is Matthew's opinion about observing Mr.Grabell's third-grade class? It will help him become a more effective teacherIt could help improve his study habitsIt has improved his public-speaking skills It may be the most difficult assignment he has had3.Why does Matthew mention Greek and Roman mythology?To identify a topic frequently discussed in third gradeTo get the professor's opinion about a lesson he taughtTo make a suggestion to improve the class he is takingTo illustrate a technique used to teach a third-grade class4.What important skills did Mr.Grabell introduce to his third-grade class?Click on 3 answersReviewing other student's reportsUsing books in the libraryInterviewing their classmatesSpeaking in publicWriting reports5.What will Matthew probably do in next Wednesday's class?Hand in his assignment earlyTry to start a study groupMake a presentation to the classChoose a topic for his paperTPO2 Conversation 11.Why does the man go to see his professor To borrow some charts and graphs from herTo ask her to explain some statisticalproceduresTo talk about report he is writingTo discuss a grade he got on a paper 2.What information will the man include in his report?Click in the correct box for each phrase Include in report Not include in report Climate chartsInterviews withmeteorologistsJournals notesStatistical tests3.Why does the professor tell the man about the appointment at the doctor's office?To demonstrate a way of remembering thingsTo explain why she needs to leave soon To illustrate a point that appears in his reportTo emphasize the importance of good health4.What does the professor offer to do for the manHelp him collect more data in other areas of the stateSubmit his research findings for publicationGive him the doctor's telephone number Review the first version of his report5.Why does the professor say this()To question the length of the paperTo offer encouragementTo dispute the data sourcesTo explain a theoryTPO2 Conversation 21.What are the students mainly discussing? Click on 2 answersTheir courses for next semesterTheir plans for the weekendA poetry clubA class assignment2.What does the man plan to do at the end of the monthRegister for classesFinish writing his master's thesisLeave his job at the coffee shopTake a short vacation3.Why does the man talk to the woman about the "Poetry Kitchen"?To find out how often the club meetsTo inform her that the date of the next meeting has changedTo complain that not enough people are reading their poemsTo encourage her to attend4.What is the woman's attitude toward participating in the poetry club?She is looking forward to hearing her professor's poetryShe is interested in attending but she has no timeShe thinks the poetry that is read there is not very goodShe used to participate but did not enjoy it5.What will the students do in the summer They will both take coursesThey will both have full-time jobsThey will travel to England togetherThey will teach a class togetherTPO3 Conversation 1Q1Why does the women come to the office? To notify the university of her change of addressTo find out where her physics class is being heldTo get directions to the science building To complain about her physics class being canceledQ2What happened to the letter the university sent to the woman?She threw it away by mistakeHer roommate forgot to give it to herIt was sent to her old mailing addressIt was sent to another student by mistake Q3Why was the woman’s physics class canceled?Not enough students signed up to take the classNo professors were available to teach theclassThe university changed its requirements for physics studentsThere were no classrooms available in the science building at the hourQ4What does the man suggest the woman do before the beginning of next semester?Consult with her advisor about her class scheduleCheck with the registrar’s office about the location of the classRegister for her classes earlyCall the physics departmentQ5What does the man imply when he say this: He know the physics class has been canceledHe is not sure where the science building isMany of the room assignments have been changedThe women can check for herself where her class isTPO3 Conversation 2Q1Why does the student go to see the professor?To ask about a class assignmentTo find out about a midsemester project To get information about summer jobsTo discuss ways to improve his gradeQ2What was originally located on the site of the lecture hall?A farmhouseA pottery factoryA clothing storeA bottle-manufacturing plantQ3What is mentioned as an advantage of working on this project?Off-campus travel is paid offStudents can leave class earlyThe location is convenientIt fulfills a graduation requirementQ4What is the professor considering doing to get move volunteers?Offering extra class creditPaying the students for their timeAsking for student volunteers from outside her classProviding flexible work schedulesQ5What information does the student still need to get from the professor?The name of the senior researcherWhat book he needs to read before the next lectureWhen the train session will be scheduled Where the project is locatedTPO4 Conversation 11. Why does the man need the woman’s assistance?Click on 2 answers.A. He does not know the publication date of some reviews he needs.B. He does not know the location of the library’s vides collection of plays.C. He does not know how to find out where the play is currently being performed.D. He does not know how to determine which newspaper he should look at.2. What does the woman imply about critical reaction to the play Happy Strangers?A. Negative critical reaction led to its content being revised after it premiered.B. The play has always been quite popular among university students.C. Reactions to the play are more positive nowadays than they were in the past.D. The play is rarely performed nowadays because critics have never liked it.3. What does the woman say about her experience seeing a performance of Happy Strangers when she wasyounger?Click on 2 answers.A. It was the first play she had seen performed professionally.B. She saw it against the wishes of her parents.C. She was surprised at how traditional the performance was.D. She had a variety of emotional reactions to the play.4. What is the man’s attitude toward his current assignment?A. He is not confident that he will find the materials he needs.B. He feels that performing in a play is less boring than reading one.C. He thinks his review of the play will be more objective than the contemporary reviewswere.D. He is optimistic that he will learn to appreciate the play he is researching.5. Replay: Why does the woman say this?A. To ask the man to clarify his request.B. To state the man’s request more precisely.C. To make sure that she heard the man correctly.D. To correct a mistake the man has made.TPO4 Conversation 21. What is the conversation mainly about?A. Methods for finding appropriate sources for a project.B. Reasons the woman is having difficulties with a project.C. Criteria the professor uses to evaluate group projects.D. Ways to develop the skills needed to work in groups.2. Why does the professor mention the‘free-rider’ problem?A. To review a concept he explained in class.B. To give the student a plan to solve her problem.C. To clarify the problem the student is facing.D. To explain a benefit of working in groups.3. What is the professor’s opinion of the other students in the woman’s group?A. They try to take credit for work they did not do.B. They did not perform well in previous courses with him.C. They are more motivated when they are working in a group.D. They do good work when they are interested in the subject4. Why did the woman choose property rights as a topic?A. The professor recommended the topic.B. She already had a lot of reference materials on the subject.C. She wanted to learn something new.D. It was easy to research at the school library.5. What mistakes does the professor imply the woman has made while working on a project?Click on 2 answersA. Finding sources for her group partners.B. Writing the weekly progress reports for her group.C. Forgetting to pay attention to the project’s deadlines.D. Failing to involve the group members in the selection of a topic.TPO5 Conversation 1Conversation1Q1: What do the speakers mainly discuss?A. Why the woman has little in common with her roommatesB. How the woman can keep up in her academic studiesC. The woman’s adjustment to life at the universityD. The woman’s decision to transfer to another universityQ2: Why does the woman mention her hometown?A. To draw a contrast to her current situationB. To acknowledge that she is accustomed to living in big citiesC. To indicate that she has known some people on campus for a long timeD. To emphasize her previous success in academic studiesQ3: What does the woman imply about incident that occurred in her sociology class?A. She was embarrassed because she gave an incorrect answerB. She was upset because the professor seemed to ignore herC. She was confused by the organization of the professor’ s lectureD. She was surprised by the comments of the other studentsQ4: According to the counselor, why should the woman visit her professor’s office? Click on 2 answers.A. To offer a complimentB. To offer to help other studentsC. To introduce herselfD. To suggest ways of making the class more personalQ5: What does the woman imply about joining the string quartet?A. It would enable her to continue a hobby she gave up when she was tenB. It would allow her to spend more time in her major area of studyC. It would help her stop worrying about her academic studiesD. It would be a way to meet students with similar interests.TPO5 Conversation 2ConversationQ1: What is the conversation mainly about?A. An assignment about which the student would like adviceB. Concerns as to whether the student should be in the pro fessor’s courseC. The selection of films to be viewed by students in a film theory courseD. The structure and sequence of courses in the Film DepartmentQ2: What is the professor’s attitude toward the student’s high school film course?A. He does not consider it satisfactory preparation for the class he teachesB. He does not think that literary works should be discussed in film classesC. He believes that this type of course often confuses inexperienced studentsD. He feels that the approach taken in this course is the best way to learn about film Q3: Why was the student permitted to sign up for professor’s film theory course?A. Her high school course fulfilled the requirement for previous course workB. The computer system that usually blocks students was not working properlyC. An employee in the department did not follow instructionsD. The professor made an exception in her caseQ4: Why does the professor decide to allow the student in his class?Click on 2 answers.A. She needs to take the course in order to graduateB. He is impressed with her eagerness to continueC. She convinces him that she does have adequate preparation for the courseD. He learns that she is nor studying film as her main course of studyQ5: What does the professor advise the student to so in order to keep up with the class she is in?A. Take the introductory courseB. Watch some video recordingsC. Do extra readingD. Drop out of her marketing classTPO6 Conversation 11. why does the student go to the career services officeto confirm the date and time of the career fairto learn the location of the career fairto find out he is allowed to attend the career fairto get advice about interviewing at the career fair2. why does the student think that companies’ representatives would not be interested in talking to himhe will not be graduating this yearhe is not currently talking business classeshe has not declared a major yethe does not have a current resume3. what does the woman imply about the small print on the career fair posters and flyersthe information in the small print was incompletethe print was similar than she expected it to bethe information the small print contains will be updatedthe information in the small print will be presented in a more noticeable way4. what does the woman say is a good way for the student to prepare for speaking to companies’representatives( )take some business classesfamiliarize himself with certain businesses beforehandhave questions ready to ask the representativestalk to people who work for accounting films5. Why does the student say this:To acknowledge that he cannot go to this year’s career fairTo acknowledge the amount of preparation he will haveTo indicate that he has school work he must complete before the career fa irTo indicate that he needs to go to his job nowTPO6 Conversation 21. Why does student go to see the professor?She is having trouble finding topic for the term paperShe needs his help to find resource materialsShe wants to ask him for an extension on a paperShe wants him to approve her plans for a term paper2. why is the student interested in learning more about dialectsshe often has trouble understanding what other students are sayingshe is trying to change the way she speaksshe is aware that her own dialect differs from those of her roommatesshe spent her childhood various places where different dialects are spoken3. Based on the conversation, what can be conducted about dialect accommodation(2) It is a largely subconscious processIt is a process that applies only to some detailsIt is very common phenomenonIt is a topic that has not been explored extensively4. what does the professor want the student to do nextread some articles he has recommended present her proposal before the entire classsubmit a design plan for the projectlisten to recordings of different dialects 5. What can be inferred about the professor when he says this:He thinks the topic goes beyond his expertiseHe thinks the topic is too broad for the student to manageHe thinks the topic is not relevant for a linguistic classHe thinks other students may have chosen the same topicTPO7 Conversation 11.why does the man go to see the professor To hand in a late assignmentTo find out about jobs in the department To discuss Dean Adam's current researchTo volunteer to help organize an event 2.how did the man learn about Dean Adams' retirement?He read about it in an e-mail message It was posted on a bulletin boardHe heard other students discussing itDean Adams announced it in her class 3.why does the professor refuse the man's offer to help with a party?Click on 2 answersTwo people are already working on itShe prefers that he spend his time on another projectThe party does not require muchpreparationDean Adams is not permanently leaving the department4.why does the professor talk about speciation?To describe the main focus of the work she needs help withTo tell the man about a new research area in ethnologyTo explain what Dean Adams chose to work on in IndonesiaTo demonstrate how varied Dean Adams' research has been5.why does the professor say this()To express doubt about the man's qualifications for the projectTo ask the man if he would be willing to work on the projectTo ask the man to recommend someone for the projectTo apologize for not being able to offer the project to the manTPO7 Conversation 21. Why does the student come to the library?To learn about the library's resourcesTo ask about interlibrary loansTo attend the new student orientationTo start work on a research project2. why does the librarian point out the history section to the student?She wants to point out the closest area containing copy machinesShe assumes that he will need to do research thereThe student is looking for a book he used at his last schoolStudents sometimes mistakenly assume that the section contains literature books 3. what does the student imply about the interlibrary loan service at his last school? He never used itHe came to appreciate itIt was inconvenientIt was expensive 4. what does the student need to do before he can use any rare books?Click on 2 answersPurchase a cardObtain permissionPut on glovesTry interlibrary loan first5. which sentence best expresses what the librarian means when she says this()I wish this were trueThat is not a very good ideaThanks for your suggestionThat is what we intendedTPO8 Conversation 11. Why does the man go to see the registrar?A. To find out why he is not on the list of graduating studentsB. To explain why he has not fulfilled his graduation requirementsC. To find out the exact requirements for graduationD. To submit a document required for graduation2. According to the registrar, what step is currently taken to ensure that students fulfill their graduationrequirements?A. Academic records are regularly checked by the registrar’s officeB. Students meet with a department chairperson to plan their course workC. Students receive letters listing the courses that they still need to takeD. Warning letters are sent to students who have fallen behind in their course work3. Why does the man mention his classmates?A. To explain how he obtained information about field researchB. To point out that many students like to do field researchC. To show that it is difficult to get intermediate-level creditsD. To emphasize his motivation to do filed research in two of his courses4. Why does the registrar tell the man tocontact his chairperson immediately?A. A deadline has already passedB. The man has a limited time to resolve his problemC. The man first needs to find out if the chairperson will help himD. Issuing a new grade may take longer than expected5. Listening again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the registrar imply when she says this:A. She is uncertain about the reliability of the computerB. She will approve the man’s form despite her doubts about itC. She needs more information about the man’s creditsD. She needs to call someone to help her fix computer errorsTPO8 Conversation 21. What is the conversation mainly about?A. Preparing for a testB. A strategy for attracting customersC. Business opportunities in the field of healthD. Differences between two business models2. What does the professor imply about the upcoming test?A. It will not contain questions about the health-club modelB. It will ask about ways to improve the customer’s self-imageC. It will require students to discuss marketing strategies for librariesD. It will not require students to give examples of successful businesses3. Based on the conversation, indicate whether each of the following is offered by health clubs.Click in the correct boxes. This question is worth two points.Yes NoLow membership feesHigh-quality facilitiesExercise classes Positive self-imageSpecial presentations4. What does the professor imply about public libraries?A. They tend to be more popular than health clubsB. They cannot offer as many services as health clubsC. They should not spend money onhigh-quality equipmentD. They need to give greater emphasis to strategic marketing5. Listening again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the student say this?A. To introduce a personal story about exercisingB. To point out a flaw in the health-club modelC. To give an example that supports the professor’s pointD. To explain why he disagrees with the professorTPO9 Conversation11. Why does the woman go to see the professor?To get advice on the topic of a term paper To discuss different types of food packagingTo find out if the university will offer courses in food packagingTo ask about jobs in the food industry 2. Why does the professor mention his previous jobs?To explain why the woman should study physics, math, and chemistryTo recommend that the woman get a summer job on a fishing boatTo point out that industry jobs can lead to a teaching careerTo confirm an assumption the woman made about finding a job3. The woman mentions a research study of milk packaging. What was the finding of the study?Plastic containers may change the flavor of milk.Light may negatively affect the quality of milk.People prefer to buy milk in see-through containers.Opaque containers are effective in protecting milk from bacteria.4. What does the professor imply about the dairy in Chelsea?It has plans to start bottling milk in opaque containers.Some of its employees attended the university.Employees there might be able to provide useful information.He worked there before joining the university faculty.5. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.What does the woman mean when she says this: …She has read conflicting information.She has been too busy to begin her research.The topic she is researching is too broad. The information she needs is not available.TPO9 Conversation 21. What are the speakers mainly discussing?A book that the man is trying to find in the libraryA book that the man already returned to the libraryA book that the man is using to write his senior thesisA book that the man lent to his sociology professor2. What does the woman offer to do for the man?Let the man know when a book he needs is returned to the libraryPhotocopy a chapter of a book for him Ask a professor to return a book the man needsFind a copy of a book for him at another library3. What is the woman trying to explain when she mentions students who have lost their borrowingprivileges?Why the man should not photocopy part of the bookThe reasons for one of the library’s policiesWhat will happen if the man does not return the bookThe reason the man has to fill out a form4. How does the man probably feel at the end of the conversation?Annoyed that he has to pay a fine on the bookUpset that he will lose his library privilegesGlad that he can keep the book for two more weeksAppreciative that the woman is helping him5. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.Why does the woman say this: …To make sure she understands what the man’s problem isTo encourage the man to return the book to the library soonTo check whether the man has already returned the bookTo explain to the man a change in the library’s policiesTPO10 Conversation 11.Why does the student go to see the professor?○To discuss the latest trends in the photography shows○To find out why some of her work was not selected for a show○To discuss how to get her photographs exhibited○To find out about a student photograph y show on campus2 According to the professor, what is the best way to create work that is likely to be chosen for a show○By taking photographs that fit withcurrent trends○By following one’s own artistic views○By consulting experienced photographers○B y learning what gallery owners are interested in3 What does the professor imply about photography created outside of the classroom○It is usually technically stronger than work created for a class○It tends to be more interesting than class work○It faces increased pressure to be trendy ○It is more likely to be exhibited than is work created for a class4.According to the professor, what are two ways young photographers can market their workClick on 2 answers○Share examples of their work with others ○Hire a professional agent to sell their work○Display their work in places other than gallery○Ask a professor to recommend their work to gallery owners5.Listen again to part of the conversation Then answer the questionWhy does the student say this:○ T o ask the professor to reevaluate her work○ To indicate that she understands the importance of sharing her work○To show that she disagrees with the professor’s opinion○To suggest that her work has met the professor’s criteriaTPO10 Conversation 21 Why does the student go to the bookstore ○ To purchase a book by Jane bowles○ To find out which books he need for a course○ To return a book that was originally assigned for a course○ To find out how to order a book for a course2 What is the store's policy about giving refunds on books?Click on 2 answers○ Books that are not for a specific course will receive a store credit instead of a refund○ Course textbooks can be returned for a full refund early in the school semester○ All books must be returned wi thin two weeks to be eligible for a full refund○ Only books that are in new condition will get a full refund3 Why is the professor not going to discuss the book by Jane bowles in the class?○ There is not enough time left in the semester○ Not all of the students were able to get a copy of the book○ The professor miscalculated the difficulty level of the bool○ The book was not on the course syllabus 4 What does the woman imply about the book written by Jane Bowles○ It is worth reading○ It focuses on a serious topic○ She is not familiar with it○ She read it for a literature class5 Why does the man mean when he says this○ He thinks the store's policy is too strict.○ He is happy that the woman has agreed to his request○ He is surprised at the woman's suggestion.○ He is annoyed that he needs to give the woman more informationTPO 1 Section 11. D2. B3. C4. A5. B6. C7. C8. A9. B10. B11. A12. B13. D14. The amountof……The age of……Zircon in the…….15. B16. A17. BSection 21. B。

以下内容版权归粉叶猪所有，转载请注明TPO 01 –Listening PartSection 1Conversation（场景归类——图书馆）NarratorListen to part of a conversation between astudent and a librarian.StudentHi, um…, I really hope you canhelp me.LibrarianThat‟s why I‟m here. What can I do for you?Student（1）I‟m supposed to do a literature review formy psychology course, but um… havinga hard time finding articles. I don‟t even know where to start looking.LibrarianYou said this is for your psychologycourse, right? So your focus is on …StudentDream Interpretation.LibrarianWell, you have a focus, so that‟salready a good start. Hmmm… well, there‟re a few things… oh,wait… Have you checked to see if your professor put any materialfor you to look at on reserve?StudentAha, that‟s one thing I did know to do. I just copied an article, but I still need three more on my topicfrom three different journals.LibrarianLet‟s get you going onlooking for those then. We have printed versions oftwenty psychology journals in the Reference Section. These are the onespublished within the last year. Then I think about it…there‟s a journal named Sleep and Dream.StudentOh, yeah, the article I just copied is fromthat journal, so I‟vegot to look at other sources.Librarian（2）Ok, actually, most of our materials are available electronicallynow. You can accesspsychology databases or electronic journals and articles through the library‟s computers,and if you want to search by title with the word …dream‟ for example, just type it in and all the articles with “dream” in the title will come up onthe screen.StudentCool, that‟s great! Too bad I cannotdo this from home.Librarian（5）But you can. All of the library‟s databasesand electronic sources can be accessed through any computer connected to theuniversity network.StudentReall y?!I can‟t believe I didn’t know that. It still sounds like it‟s goingto take a while though, you know, going through allof that information, all of those sources.LibrarianMaybe, but you already narrow your searchdown to articles on Dream Interpretation, so it shouldn‟t betoo bad. （3）And you probably notice that there‟s an abstract or summary at the top ofthefirst page of the article you copied. When you go into the databases andelectronic sources, you have the option to display the abstracts on the computer screen, skimmingthose to decide whether or not you want to read thewhole article should cut down some time.StudentRight, abstracts! They‟lldefinitely make the project more durable. （4）I guess Ishould try out the electronic search while I‟m stillhere then, you kno w, just in case.LibrarianSure, er… that computer‟s free over there, and I‟ll be here tillfive this afternoon.StudentThanks, I feel a lot better about this assignment now.词汇：journal n. 日报；杂志version n. 版本database n. 数据库abstract n. 摘要skim v. 浏览assignment n. 任务；作业durable adj. 耐用的；持久的题目：1Why does the student go to see the librarian？解析：注意but后面的内容，他是要找一些资料为了做a literature review，同义替换为 a class paper答案：To ask about how to look forresources for a class paper2What does the librarian say about theavailability of journals and articles？解析：细节题，定位journals and articles，原文中说可以从the library‟scomputers获得，同义替换为in an electronic format答案：Most of them are accessible inan electronic format3 What does the librarian suggest the studentshould do to save time？解析：细节题，题目中save time同义替换原文中cut down some time，原文中skimming these （summaries and abstracts）同义替换为read the summaries答案：Read the summaries of the articlesfirst4What can be inferred about why the womandecides to use the computer in the library？解析：推断题，原文中她说just in case，可推断她可能需要管理员的帮助。

新托福听力场景汇总之LECTURE篇1. 生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus 病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology 昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur恐龙die out / extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater 水下的marine 海洋的scuba 水下呼吸器diving潜水/ 跳水one-celled organism单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanic snail蜗牛animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care 产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tiny receptor接收器nerve / specimen物种amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangered species濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe微生物yeast 酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chew up咀嚼unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein蛋白质amino acid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutation of species物种变异chromosome染色体genetic engineering 遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异2. 动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class纲order 目suborder亚目family科genus属species 种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate 灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock （牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige 退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestive system消化系统excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统circulatory system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小肠large intestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel 松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage 羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle触须larva幼虫3. 海洋生物学jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼4. 植物学botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquatic plant水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾petal 花瓣peel / skin果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark 树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle 丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses 石松类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue组织organ器官system系统seeds 种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交root pressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant 绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree 针叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron 杜鹃花rose 玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily 百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn / maize / mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小麦rye 黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦5. 气象学meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast / predict 预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层cold front冷锋warm air mass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp / moist / humid潮湿humidity 湿度moisture潮湿/ 水分saturate饱和dew 露frost 霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense浓缩crystal水晶体sheet （水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard / snowstorm暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado / twister / cyclone龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami / seismic sea wave海啸tidal wave潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析；卫星云图6. 地质学crust地壳mantle 地幔core地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust海洋地壳layer / stratum地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane断层面fault zone断层带rift / crack / split断裂disintegration / decomposition分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble 碎石debris残骸platinum白金/铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead 铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞/水银sodium 钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier 冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch / age / period冰川期glacial drift冰渍moraines冰碛iceberg冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided) cone volcano锥状火山（陡峭）eruption火山喷发crater火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash火山灰geyser间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismic intensity scale震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave横波longitudinal wave纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm灾变tsunami / tidal / force海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming 全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽Great Canyon大峡谷Nile River尼罗河Colorado river 科罗拉多河crumples zones地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物7. 考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropolog人类学archaeologist人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecological anthropologist生态人类学家psychological anthropologist心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同以种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate / unearth挖掘ruins 遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物/文物antique 古物/古董antiquity古代/古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的fossil化石ancient civilization古代文明cave man山顶洞人cultural relics文物rock painting岩画8. 地理学hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude纬线longitude经线/ 经度elevation海拔altitude高度/ 海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole北极Antarctic / Antarctica南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle北极圈aurora极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak山峰cordillera / ranges山脉carven / cave洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upper reaches上游lower reaches下游tributary 支流deposit沉积spring / fountain泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed河床gulf / bay海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago群岛delta三角洲landlocked area内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent 次大陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside / mountain slope山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial 地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment沉积物tropical热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone卵石the Mediterranean Sea地中海the primeval forest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord峡湾coral reef珊瑚礁Chalk白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge山脊；分水岭abyss 深渊territory 版图；领土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius维苏威火山Pompeii庞贝precipice悬崖eon世；纪；代glacier冰河Pangaea盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖9. 天文学astronomy天文学astronomical observatory天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics 天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology 宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestial body / heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf / dwarf star矮星quasar类星体constellation 星座galaxy / Milky Way银河系star cluster星团asterism星群solar system太阳系solar corona日冕solar eclipse日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet行星planetoid / asteroid 小行星revolve旋转twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn 土星Uranus天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteor shower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet 彗星space / outer space太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship宇宙飞船space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman 宇航员space suit 宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres 色球；色球层日冕层sunspot太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone对流层vacuum真空infrared ray红外线absolute magnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object 幻影体faint 微弱的image影像gravitational force吸引力molten融化的leap year闰年rotation 自传revolution公转black hole 黑洞ultraviolet ray紫外线luminosity光度light year光年10. 环保相关ecology 生态学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora 植物群rain forest雨林food chain 食物链acid rain酸雨greenhouse温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射pollution control污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste 废物solid waste固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification污水净化swage disposal污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝11. 能源相关fossil fuel矿物燃料process of photo synthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation保护能源resource资源energy source能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的rush hour高峰期zero emission零辐射wildness野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level海平面上升long-term climatic change长期的气候变化environmental recycling center再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工业污水recycling再循环purify 净化deteriorate恶化acid rain酸雨sewage disposal污水处理environment protection环境保护ozone layer臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘El Niño 厄尔尼诺现象12. 新技术发明相关13. 人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor业主mortal 犯人precursor先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice学徒mechanic机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的versatile （人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic 逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive 感人的prodigious巨大的classic 经典的posthumous死后的14. 发展史文学pose散文diary日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose叙述性descriptive prose 描写性essay随笔poetry 诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb 谚语model人物原型leading character主人公main plot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism文学批评literary studies文学研究schools of literature文学流派comparative literature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓foot beat跺脚note 音符score乐谱movement 乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music乡村音乐folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classical music古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll摇滚乐band music / wind music管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp 竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting指挥podium指挥台accompaniment伴奏quality音质volume音量chord和弦harmony和声rest 休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude 序曲epilogue尾声政治经济subsistence存活，生活subsistence wage刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系，血缘关系commodity商品check支票；收据；账单bank loan 银行贷款interest 利息withdraw从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run on a bank挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕，富足sophisticated世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing 辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator 电梯skyscraper摩天大楼design element设计元素log structure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型building technique建筑工艺new material新材料metal-frame金属结构repair person修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archives档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral大教堂mosque清真寺the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔castle城堡美术fine arts美术oil painting油画water color水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster海报/招贴画charcoal drawing木炭画mural painting / fresco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landscape painting风景画still life静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush 画笔drawing board画板perspective透视画法original 原作copy临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionistic style印象派风格framing装框sculpture 雕塑sculptor 雕塑家figurine小雕像bust 半身雕塑像statue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家saxophonist 萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色。

TPO 1 Conversation 1Topic: libraryKey vocabulary:database 数据库 Electronic source 电子来源 Reference 参考书Network 网络Narrow down 缩小范围 Abstract 摘要Journal 专业Durable 耐用的TPO 1 Conversation 2Topic: educationKey vocabulary: Approach to teaching 教学方法 Elementary school 小学 Goal 目标Observation note 观察笔记 Astronomy 天文学Planet 行星Interdisciplinary 学科间的 Planet 行星Mythology 神话Jupiter 木星Presentation 展示Literature 文学Solar system 太阳系TPO2 Conversation 2Topic :register class 选课Key vocabulary:Summer school 暑期课程Seminar 研讨班Schedule 安排Theory 理论Impressive 给人印象深刻的,了不起的 Master degree 硕士课程Thesis 论文,毕业论文Revise 修订Poetry 诗歌Public publication公开发表 Thanksgiving 感恩节Environment 环境TPO2 Conversation 1 Topic: research project Key vocabulary: Recognize 认出Journal 日志Notepad 笔记便签Evolution 演化Forgetful 健忘的 Meteorological 气象学的 Statistical 统计的Expert 专家Regional 地区的Variation 变化,变动 variability 变化性TPO3 Conversation1Topic: registrar 大学注册主任 Key vocabulary: Assignment 分配,作业 Junk mail 垃圾邮件Apartment 公寓Sign up for 注册(课程 Instructor 讲师,辅导员 Cancel 取消Enroll 招收 Inconvenient 不方便的 Practical issue 实际问题 Right away 马上Go through 开课Mailing address 邮寄地址TPO3 Conversation 2 Topic: volunteer 志愿者 Key vocabulary:Extra credit 额外学分 Incentive 激励Schedule 安排On sight 到场Training 培训 Archeology 考古学 Assume 假定Relief 放心Excavation 挖掘Item 物品Clay pottery 泥质陶器 Respond 回复Tough time 难过的时光 Senior researcher 高级研究员TPO4 Conversation 1Topic: review 书评,剧评 Key vocabulary:Review 评论Contemporary review 当代评论 Influence 影响力Critic 评论家Be torn to pieces 被撕成碎片 Controversial 有争议的 Curious 好奇的Fuss 大惊小怪On vacation 度假Online 在线Basement 地下室Impressed 印象深刻的Tape 磁带Radical 激进的,根本性的 Dramatic 戏剧的Honest 城市Video library 视频博物馆Figure out 弄清楚Traditional 传统的Logical 有逻辑的Anything but boring 一点也不无聊TPO4 Conversation 2Topic: group project 小组项目 Key vocabulary: Due 到期Share 份额Supreme Court 最高法院 Deadline 期限Contribute 贡献Negative 消极的Split up 分开Goof off 吊儿郎当Section 部分Risk 风险Go down the drain 白费 Property right 物权Freedom of speech 言论自由 Source 来源From scratch 重新开始TPO5 Conversation 1Topic: culture shock 文化冲击 Key vocabulary: Overwhelmed 压倒性的 Culture shock 文化攻击 Unfamiliar 不熟悉的 Understatement 轻描淡写 Academic 学术的Keep pace with 跟上节奏 Impersonal 不人性化的 Sociology 社会学 Distinguish 区别Pop in 跑出来Appreciate 感激 Feedback 反馈Social life 社会生活 Cello 大提琴Audition 试镜Fit in 融入Orchestra 管弦乐队TPO5 Conversation 2 Topic :course 课程 Key vocabulary:Ignore 忽视Introductory 介绍性的 Techniques 技巧 Permission 允许Drop :放弃(课程 Recommend 推荐Catch up 赶上 Prerequisite 前提基础课程。

托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介绍在托福的对话类听力素材中，图书馆可以算的上是一个出现频率相当高的场景了。

许多对话都是发生在图书馆当中，对话双方多为学生和图书管理员。

下面就和大家分享托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介绍详解图书馆里的二三事如何应对托福听力中的图书馆场景?1、熟听、熟记图书馆场景标志词，使听力差的考生虽听不懂段子的具体内容，但能确定出它是图书馆场景类型的段子。

2、反复听老题中图书馆场景的段子，掌握以下具体的方面：(1)美国学校图书馆的基本制度：如研究生和教师可以进入书库直接查阅，本科生则不能之类的规章制度等;(2)美国学校图书馆的基本部门设置和常见设施：如reference room，periodical room等重要部门;(3)考生尤其应注意美国学校图书馆在制度、机构设置方面与中国的差别，因为考生缺少对这些差别亲身体验的感性认识，从而在听清字面意思时也造成对实际内容的理解障碍，是产生失分的主要原因。

掌握以上背景知识的目的是期望对将来托福听力中图书馆场景段子的内容做到未听先知，考生对它们的掌握程度应力求达到较流利的口头表述。

托福听力中图书馆相关词汇汇总library图书馆librarian图书管理员archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理(借、还)手续renew 续借overdue 过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf 书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk 借书处reserved books 馆藏书(只能在图书馆内借阅) library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志托福听力特色词汇整理1)服装种类：名词结构类clothing 衣服总称costume 传统服装;戏服fabric(textile) 织物;织品wash-and-wear fabric 免烫织物suit 一套男(女)服tie 领带vest 背心jacket 茄克衫cloak 披风;斗篷T-shirt 短袖圆领汗衫(运动衫) pants(trousers) 裤子;长裤overalls 工装裤jeans 牛仔裤uniform 制服leisurewear 家常便服underwear (undergarment) 内衣stockings 长统袜down jacket 羽绒服sweater 毛衣gloves 手套mitten 无指手套scarf 围巾sandals 凉鞋slippers 拖鞋boots 皮靴sneakers = gym shoes 运动鞋running shoes 跑步鞋jogging shoes 慢跑鞋tailor 裁缝clothing store 服装店形容词结构类formal = spiffy 正式的casual 休闲的navy blue 海军蓝的dark blue 深蓝的solid orange 纯黄色的large 大号的medium 中号的small 小号的tight 紧的loose = baggy 宽松的2)装饰品ornament(adornment; decoration) 装饰品accessory 附件;(妇女)装饰品jewelry 珠宝necklace 项链bracelet 手镯ivory 象牙pearl 珍珠brooch 胸针;领针ring 戒指earring 耳环souvenir(reminder, token) 纪念品3)化妆品makeup(cosmetic) 化妆品perfume 香水lipstick 口红powder 粉cream 脸油;护肤霜razor 剃刀shampoo 洗发剂spray 喷剂;喷雾剂polish (指甲、鞋)油shave 刮胡子(毛发)4)面料图案wool 羊毛：毛线cotton 棉制harsh chemicals 刺激性化学物质polka dot 带圆点的striped 带条纹的plaid 带格子的solid 纯色的natural 自然的pure 纯的5)编织类knitting 编结;针织sewing 缝纫needlework 针线活stitch 一针;针脚seam 线缝托福听力词汇：替换方法(A) be just the formality ---- (B) be not essential (A) be on the way (B) ---- pass by (A)(A) be worse ---- prefer (B) to (A)(A) cast on sth. to (B) ---- (B) get sth. from (A) (A) get sth. done ---- someone do for (A)(A) is far more important ---- should (A) before (B) (A) ride with (B) ---- (B) give (A) a ride(A) send (B) to do sth. for (A) ---- (A) can use (B)s sth. later(A) tell (B) a day ahead of time what (A) need. ---- (A) request materials a day in advance.(A) will miss (B) ---- (B) wont be able to go someplace(A) wouldnt have gone to someplace ---- (B) doubt (A)d leave for someplace(course) be cut // double the tuition ---- have financial trouble (every) once in a while // (every) now and then // every so often ---- sometimes // (only) occasionally(parking) lot ---- (parking) place... and ..., too ---- several~ not ...? // Have/Will/Sure/Is ...? // What if ...? // How/What about ...? ---- suggest // recommend // should // can // may // would like // Please ...3 quarters of a block ---- not too far48 hours ---- two days65 bucks ---- too expensivea 2-ton trunks lift off my shoulders ---- She is relieved thata beach person ---- often to the beacha certain thing // put up with ---- get used toa couple of ---- a few // severala craft person and an artist ---- art and technologya few days late // out of question ---- must be in timea few days to think about ---- time to decidea good change of pace ---- as a diversiona large size ---- not fita large waist ---- gain weighta later plane ---- another flighta little forgetful ---- not remembera little the worse for wear ---- worn-outa lost cause // have ones heart on sth. ---- not be able to change ones minda lot of courage ---- very bravea lot of time // only every spare time ---- a large amount of timea million things ---- too mucha million times ---- very wellA six-month membership costs as much as 5 individual months. ---- The membership fee is lower.a small group ---- several托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介绍。

2.2 精听详解-Lecture词assignment 音标[əˈsainmənt]中文解析n.(分派的)任务，(指定的)作业；分配词semester 音标[siˈmestə]中文解析n.学期词exhibit 音标[igˈzibit]中文解析vt.显示(出)；展出(览)，陈列n.展览品词fairy 音标[ˈfeəri]中文解析n.小精灵，小仙子词gallery 音标[ˈgæləri]中文解析n.画廊，美术馆；楼座，旁听席；走廊词exhibition音标[eksiˈbiʃ(ə)n]中文解析n.展览(会)词unfamiliar 音标[ʌnfəˈmiljə]中文解析 a.不熟悉的；生疏的词impressionism 音标[imˈpreʃənəbəl]中文解析 a.易受影响的词realistic 音标[riəˈlistik]中文解析词realism 音标[ˈriəlizəm]中文解析n.现(写)实主义词impressionist 音标[imˈpreʃənəbəl]中文解析 a.易受影响的词sum 音标[sʌm]中文解析n.总数，总和；金额；算术vi.共计词depict 音标[diˈpikt]中文解析vt.描绘，描述词brushstroke 音标[brʌʃɪzt'rəʊk] 中文解析n. 一笔，一画，绘画的技巧词texture 音标[ˈtekstʃə]中文解析n.质地；(材料等的)结构词canvas 音标[ˈkænvəs]中文解析n.帆布；帆布画布，(帆布)油画词rough 音标[rʌf]中文解析 a.粗糙的；艰难的ad.粗暴地vt.草拟；殴打词subject 音标[ˈsʌbdʒikt]中文解析n.主题；学科；对象；主语vt.使服从词scene 音标[si:n]中文解析n.场，镜头，节；地点；景色；舞台；吵闹词painting 音标[ˈpeintiŋ]中文解析n.(一幅)画；(绘画)艺术；(上)油漆，油漆业词outdoor 音标[ˌautˈdɔ:]中文解析 a./ ad./ n.[-s](在)户(野)外(的)词bleak 音标[bli:k]中文解析 a.凄凉的；荒凉的；寒冷刺骨的词brush 音标[brʌʃ]中文解析n.刷子;轻碰;小冲突vt.刷vi.(against)触到词pinkish 音标[piŋk]中文解析 a.粉红色的，桃红色的n.粉红色，桃红色词fence 音标[fens]中文解析n.栅栏，篱笆vt.用栅围起(隔开) vi.击剑词foreground 音标[ˈfɔ:graund]中文解析n.(图画，景物等的)前景；最突出的地位词overall 音标[ˈəuvərɔ:l]中文解析 a.全面(部)的ad.总的来说n.[ pl.]工作服词cattle 音标[ˈkætl]中文解析n.牛词posture 音标[ˈpɔstʃə]中文解析n.姿势；看法vi.摆姿势，装模作样词depict音标[diˈpikt]中文解析vt.描绘，描述词unidealized 音标中文解析词stuff 音标[stʌf]中文解析n.原料，材料，东西vt.填满；吃饱词pumpkin 音标[ˈpʌmpkin]中文解析n.南瓜，南瓜藤词photograph 音标[ˈfəutəgrɑ:f]中文解析n.照片，相片v.拍照词messed 音标[mes]中文解析n.脏乱状态；困境vt.弄糟，弄脏，搞乱词blanket 音标[ˈblæŋkit]中文解析n.毛毯，毯子词brushstrokes 音标中文解析词zigzag 音标[ˈzigzæg]中文解析n.锯齿形 a.工字形(的)词chaotic 音标[keiˈɔtik]中文解析 a.混乱的词vibrant 音标[ˈvaibrənt]中文解析 a.震动的；明亮的；充满活力的词hint 音标[hint]中文解析n.暗示；细微的迹象[ pl.]建议v.暗示词peek 音标[pi:k]中文解析vi.瞥视词accessible 音标[əkˈsesəbəl]中文解析 a.容易取得的词appreciate 音标[əˈpri:ʃieit]中文解析vt.赏识；为…表示感激;领会vi.增值词illustration 音标[ˌiləˈstreiʃən]中文解析n.说明，例证；图解，插图词convince 音标[kənˈvins]中文解析vt.使确信，使信服，说服词agency 音标[ˈeidʒənsi]中文解析n.代理行,经销处；(政府等的)专业部门词instructor 音标[inˈstrʌktə]中文解析n.教师；指导者词portrait 音标[ˈpɔ:trit]中文解析n.肖像，画像词discouraged 音标[dɪsˈkə:ɪdʒd]中文解析adj. 灰心的；沮丧的；气馁的；泄气的v. 使气馁（discourage的过去式和过去分词）；使沮丧；阻碍；劝阻3.2 综述练习-Lecture词geologic 音标[dʒiəˈlɔdʒik]中文解析adj. 地质（学）的，地质（学）上的词dating 音标[ˈdeitiŋ]中文解析n. 测定年龄[年代]v. 过时（date的现在分词）；使…显老；显示出…时代（或年龄）；鉴定…的年代词particular 音标[pəˈtikjulə]中文解析 a.特定(别)的；挑剔的；详细的n.[ pl.]详情词analysis 音标[əˈnæləsis]中文解析n.分析，分析报告词fundamental 音标[ˌfʌndəˈmentl]中文解析 a.基本(础)的n.[ pl.]基本原则(法则)词instance 音标[ˈinstəns]中文解析n.例子，实例，事例词geologist 音标[dʒɪˈɑlədʒɪst]中文解析n. 地质学家，地质学者词sandstone 音标[ˈsændstəun]中文解析n.砂岩词solidified 音标[səˈlɪdəˈfaɪd]中文解析v. （使）成为固体，（使）变硬，（使）变得坚固（solidify的过去式和过去分词）；使团结一致；充实，巩固；具体化词essentially 音标[iˈsenʃəli]中文解析ad.本质上，基本上词fairly 音标[ˈfɛəli]中文解析ad.相当，尚可，还；公平地，公正地词flatten 音标[ˈflætn]中文解析v.把…弄平；击倒词conventional 音标[kənˈvenʃənəl]中文解析 a.普通的，常规的；符合习俗的，因循守旧的词wisdom 音标[ˈwizdəm]中文解析n.明智，正确的判断；智慧，学问词refinement 音标[riˈfainmənt]中文解析n.提炼，文雅词unbelievable 音标[ʌnˈbeərəbəl]中文解析 a.不堪忍受的词revolutionary 音标[ˌrevəˈlu:ʃənəri]中文解析 a.革命的，革新的n.革命者词figure 音标[ˈfigə]中文解析n.数字；算术；轮廓vi.出现；有道理vt.计算词radioactive 音标[ˈreidiəuˈæktiv]中文解析 a.放射性的，有辐射能的词molten 音标[ˈməultən]中文解析melt的过去分词v.(使)融化；(使)消散，(使)逐渐消失词magma 音标[ˈmæɡmə]中文解析n. 岩浆词volcano 音标[vɔlˈkeinəu]中文解析n.火山词crystallize 音标[ˈkristəlaiz]中文解析v.(使)结晶，具体化词lead 音标[li:d]中文解析v.带路；领导；致使；通向n.领导；主角；铅词sample 音标[ˈsæmpl, ˈsɑ:mpəl]中文解析n.样品，样本vt.抽样(调查)；体验词granite 音标[ˈgrænit]中文解析n.花岗岩，花岗石词assumption 音标[əˈsʌmpʃən]中文解析n.假定，臆断；担任，承担词individual 音标[ˌindiˈvidʒuəl]中文解析 a.单独的，个人的；独特的n.个人(体)词continent 音标[ˈkɔntinənt]中文解析n.大陆，洲词split 音标[split]中文解析v.分裂；撕裂；分担n.裂口；分裂词conclusive 音标[kənˈklu:siv]中文解析 a.决定性的词eye-opening 音标[ˈaiˈəupəniŋ]中文解析adj. 使瞠目吃惊的，很有启发的；大开眼界词flowing 音标[ˈfləuiŋ]中文解析adj. 流动的，（轮廓等）圆滑的，下垂的v. 流（flow的现在分词）；垂；流出；（谈话、文体等）流畅词entirely 音标[inˈtaiəli]中文解析ad.完全地；彻底地词larva 音标[ˈlɑ:və]中文解析n.(昆虫的)幼虫词recently 音标[ˈri:səntli]中文解析ad.最近，新近词planet 音标[ˈplænit]中文解析n.行星词geology 音标[dʒiˈɔlədʒi]中文解析n.地质学；地质情况词evidence 音标[ˈevidəns]中文解析n.根据，证据，迹象词sampling音标[ˈsɑ:mpliŋ]中文解析n.抽样检验，抽样调查词measure 音标[ˈmeʒə]中文解析n.分量，尺寸；量具；测量v.测量；衡量词obvious 音标[ˈɔbviəs]中文解析 a.显然的，明显的词pretty 音标[ˈpriti]中文解析ad.相当，很a.漂亮的，俊俏的，标致的词efficient 音标[iˈfiʃənt]中文解析 a.效率高的，有能力的词location 音标[ləuˈkeiʃən]中文解析n.位置，场所；(电影的)外景拍摄地词range 音标[reindʒ]中文解析n.一系列；幅度vi.变动；涉及vt.排成行词increasingly 音标[inˈkri:siŋli]中文解析ad.益，越来越多地词joint 音标[dʒɔint]中文解析 a.连接的；共同的，联合的n.关节；接头词grain 音标[grein]中文解析n.谷物；谷粒，颗粒，细粒；少量，微量词recent 音标[ˈri:sənt]中文解析 a.新近的，近来的5.2 精听详解-Lecture词agriculture 音标[ˈægrikʌltʃə]中文解析n.农业，农学词concentrate 音标[ˈkɔnsəntreit]中文解析vi.全神贯注vt.集中；浓缩n.浓缩物(液)词inhabitant 音标[inˈhæbitənt]中文解析n.居民，住户词original 音标[əˈridʒənəl]中文解析 a.原来的；独创的；原版的n.原件，原作词settlement 音标[ˈsetlmənt]中文解析n.解决，协议；居留地词impressive 音标[imˈpresiv]中文解析 a.给人印象深刻的词accomplished 音标[əˈkʌmpliʃt]中文解析 a.完成了的；熟练的词brick 音标[brik]中文解析n.砖vt.(up)用砖砌，用砖堵住词wood 音标[wud]中文解析n.木材，木头，木料[ pl.]树林，林地词obsidian 音标[ɑbˈsɪdiən]中文解析n. 黑曜石词volcanic 音标[vɔlˈkænik]中文解析 a.(象)火山的；爆发的词flake 音标[fleik]中文解析n.小薄片，小碎片vi.(off，away)(成片)剥落词sharp 音标[ʃɑ:p]中文解析 a.锋利的；鲜明的；敏锐的ad.[指时刻]整词inland 音标[ˈinlənd, inˈlænd]中文解析 a.内地(陆)的ad.在内地(陆)，向内地(陆)词rectangular 音标[rekˈtæŋgjulə]中文解析 a.长方形的，矩形的词sun-dried 音标中文解析adj. （水果）晒干的词hatchway 音标[ˈhætʃit]中文解析n.短柄小斧v.扼杀词ladder 音标[ˈlædə]中文解析n.梯子；阶梯，途径词wooden 音标[ˈwudn]中文解析 a.木制的，木头的；木头似的，呆笨的词diagonal 音标[ˈdaiəgræm]中文解析n.图解，简图，图表词plaster 音标[ˈplɑ:stə]中文解析n.灰浆；石膏；膏药vt.在…上抹灰泥词couple 音标[ˈkʌpəl]中文解析n.一对；一些；夫妻，情侣vt.连接，使成对词storage 音标[ˈstɔ:ridʒ]中文解析n.贮藏，保管；存储词hearth 音标[hɑ:θ]中文解析n.炉床，壁炉边词flake 音标[fleik]中文解析n.小薄片，小碎片vi.(off，away)(成片)剥落词chimney 音标[ˈtʃimni]中文解析n.烟囱，烟道词smoky 音标[ˈsməuki]中文解析 a.冒烟的；烟雾弥漫的词lung音标[lʌŋ]中文解析n.肺词layer 音标[ˈleiə]中文解析n.层，层次词soot 音标[sut]中文解析n.黑烟灰，油烟词rib 音标[rib]中文解析n.肋骨词burial 音标[ˈberiəl]中文解析n.葬，掩埋，葬礼词site 音标[sait]中文解析n.位置，场所，地点vt.使坐落在，设置词custom 音标[ˈkʌstəm]中文解析n.习惯，风俗，惯例；[ pl.]海关，关税词packed 音标[pækt]中文解析 a.充满人的，拥挤的词tightly 音标[ˈtaitli]中文解析ad.紧，紧密地词indicate 音标[ˈindikeit]中文解析vt.标示，指示，指出；表明，示意词ancestor 音标[ˈænsəstə]中文解析n.祖宗，祖先；原型，先驱词excavation 音标[ˌekskəˈveiʃən]中文解析n.挖掘，发掘，被挖掘之地词layout 音标[ˈleiaut]中文解析n.布局，安排，设计词archeology 音标[ˌɑ:kiˈɔlədʒi]中文解析n.考古学词speculate 音标[ˈspekjuleit]中文解析vi.推测，推断；投机vt.推测，推断词artifact 音标['ɑ:rtifækts] 中文解析n. 史前古器物词clue 音标[klu:]中文解析n.线索，提示词hunting 音标[ˈhʌntiŋ]中文解析n.打猎词scene 音标[si:n]中文解析n.场，镜头，节；地点；景色；舞台；吵闹词wild 音标[waild]中文解析 a.野生的；荒凉的；狂热的；野蛮的词raise 音标[rez, reiz]中文解析vt./ n.举起；增加；筹集；引起；养育词cereal音标[ˈsiəriəl]中文解析n.加工而成的谷类食物；谷类植物，谷物词magical 音标[ˈmædʒikəl]中文解析 a.有魔术的，神奇的6.2 综述练习-Lecture词behavioral 音标[biˈheivjər(ə)l] 中文解析adj. 动作的词behaviorally 音标[biˈheivjər(ə)lli] 中文解析adv. 动作地词behavior音标[biˈheiviə]中文解析n.行为，举止，表现；运转情况，反应词adaptable 音标[əˈdæptəbəl]中文解析 a.有适应力的词species 音标[ˈspi:ʃi:z]中文解析n.种，类词rodent 音标[ˈrəudənt]中文解析n.啮齿类动物(如鼠等)词marmot 音标[məˈru:n]中文解析v.使(人)处于孤独无助之境词squirrel 音标[ˈskwirəl]中文解析n.松鼠词average 音标[ˈævəridʒ]中文解析 a.平均的；平常的n.平均数v.平均词habitat 音标[ˈhæbitæt]中文解析n.(动物的)栖息地，住处词variety 音标[vəˈraiəti]中文解析n.品种，种类；变化，多样化词portion 音标[ˈpɔ:ʃən]中文解析n.一部分，一份vt.分配，把…分给词hibernating 音标[ˌhaibəˈneiʃən]中文解析n.冬眠词hibernate 音标[ˈhaibəneit]中文解析v.冬眠，蛰伏词throughout 音标[θru(:)ˈaut]中文解析prep.遍及；贯穿ad.到处；自始至终词temperate 音标[ˈtempərit]中文解析 a.温和的，温带的；自我克制的，不过分的词mate 音标[meit]中文解析n.伙伴，同事；配偶；大副v.(使)交配词available 音标[əˈveiləbəl]中文解析 a.现成可使用的，可利用的；可得到的词availability 音标[əˈveləˈbɪlətɪ] 中文解析n. 有效；有益；可利用性；可得到的东西（或人）词frost 音标[frɔst]中文解析n.霜冻，严寒天气；霜，白霜v.结霜(于)词vegetative 音标[ˈvɛdʒɪˈtetɪv] 中文解析adj. 有关植物生长的；植物的；有生长力的；生活呆板单调词herb 音标[hə:b]中文解析n.药草，(调味用的)香草，草本植物词territorial 音标[ˌteriˈtɔ:riəl]中文解析 a.领土的，领地的词loners 音标[ˈləʊnəz]中文解析n. 喜孤独者，不合群者（loner的名词复数）词ritual 音标[ˈritʃuəl]中文解析n.(宗教等的)仪式；例行公事a.例行的词impersonal 音标[imˈpə:sənəl]中文解析 a.不受个人感情影响的词hibernation 音标[ˌhaibəˈneiʃən]中文解析n.冬眠词offspring 音标[ˈɔfˌspriŋ]中文解析n.子女，子孙，后代；(动物的)崽词edible 音标[ˈedəbl]中文解析 a.可以吃的，可食用的词survivor音标[səˈvaivə]中文解析n.未死的人；残存者词environment 音标[inˈvaiərənmənt]中文解析n.境，周围状况，自然环境词ceremony 音标[ˈseriməni]中文解析n.典礼，仪式；礼节，礼仪词aggressive 音标[əˈgresiv]中文解析 a.侵犯(略)的,挑衅的；敢做敢为的词bizarre 音标[biˈzɑ:]中文解析 a.奇形怪状的，怪诞的词meadow 音标[ˈmedəu]中文解析n.草地词harsher 音标[hɑ:ʃə]中文解析adj. 刺耳的（harsh的比较级）；粗糙的；严厉的；残酷的词nurture 音标[ˈnə:tʃə]中文解析vt.／n.养育，培育，滋养词survival 音标[səˈvaivəl]中文解析n.幸存，继续生存；幸存者，残存物词survive 音标[səˈvaiv]中文解析vi.幸存，继续存在vt.幸免于；挺过来词roughly 音标[ˈrʌfli]中文解析ad.粗糙地；毛糙地词inhabit 音标[inˈhæbit]中文解析vt.居住于，(动物)栖居于词male 音标[meil]中文解析 a.男(性)的，雄的n.男子，雄性动(植)物词female 音标[ˈfi:meil]中文解析 a.雌的，女(性)的n.雌性动物；女子词cooperation 音标[kəuˌɔpəˈreiʃən]中文解析n.合作；协作词rely 音标[riˈlai]中文解析vi.(on)依靠，依赖；信赖，指望词cover 音标[ˈkʌvə]中文解析vt.(掩)盖；占；包括；报道n.盖子，封面词harshly音标[ˈhɑ:ʃli]中文解析ad.粗糙地，冷酷地词physically 音标[ˈfizikəli]中文解析ad.按照自然规律词growing 音标[ˈɡroɪŋ]中文解析adj. 生长的；成长中的；增长的；初期的困难（或问题等）v. 种植（grow的现在分词）；扩大；扩展；增加词contrast 音标[ˈkɑntræst]中文解析n. 对比，对照；差异；对照物，对立面；[摄]反差vi. 对比；形成对照vt. 使对照，使对比；和……形成对照8.2 精听详解-Lecture词habitat 音标[ˈhæbitæt]中文解析n.(动物的)栖息地，住处词species 音标[ˈspi:ʃi:z]中文解析n.种，类词migrate 音标[maiˈgreit]中文解析vi.(候鸟等)迁徙；移居(国外)，迁移词impact 音标[ˈimpækt]中文解析n.／v.影响，作用；冲击，碰撞词humming 音标[ˈhʌmiŋ]中文解析v. 发出嗡嗡声，哼唱（hum的现在分词）；忙碌，活跃词amazingly 音标[əˈmeiziŋli]中文解析ad.惊人地；惊奇地词hemisphere音标[ˈhemisfiə]中文解析n.地球的半球；大脑半球词wing 音标[wiŋ]中文解析n.翼，翅膀词opposite 音标[ˈɔpəzit]中文解析prep./ ad.在对面a.对面的n.对立面词pollinate 音标[ˈpɑləˈnet]中文解析vt. 给…传授花粉词spread 音标[spred]中文解析v.展开；散布；涂n.传播；幅度，范围词raising 音标[ˈreiziŋ]中文解析n. 举；提高；高岗；高地v. 引起（raise的现在分词）；提高（价格等）；提起；唤起词nesting 音标[ˈnestiŋ]中文解析n. 嵌套v. 筑巢（nest的现在分词）词threat 音标[θret]中文解析n.威胁，恐吓；凶兆，征兆词preserve 音标[priˈzə:v]中文解析vt.保护，维持；保存，保藏；腌制词concrete 音标[ˈkɔŋkri:t]中文解析 a.实在的，具体的n.混凝土词replanting 音标[ˈri:ˈplɑ:ntɪŋ] 中文解析v. 再植（replant的现在分词）；改种；移（民）；使复位词ecological 音标[ˌekəˈlɔdʒikəl]中文解析 a.生态的，生态学的词tourism 音标[ˈtuərizəm]中文解析n.旅游事业词eco-tourists 音标中文解析生态旅游者词profit 音标[ˈprɔfit]中文解析n.利润，益处vt.有益于，有利于vi.得益词financial 音标[fəˈnænʃəl]中文解析 a.财政的，金融的词reward 音标[riˈwɔ:d]中文解析n.报答，奖赏；报酬vt.报答，奖励词breeding 音标[ˈbri:diŋ]中文解析n.饲养，教养词migration 音标[maiˈgreiʃən]中文解析n.迁移；移居词route 音标[ru:t]中文解析n.路线，路程词decline 音标[diˈklain]中文解析n.下降vi.下降；衰退；谢绝vt.谢绝词band 音标[bænd]中文解析n.管乐队；群；带；条纹；波段vt.用带绑扎词lifetime 音标[ˈlaiftaim]中文解析n.一生，终身词weight 音标[weit]中文解析n.重量；砝码，秤砣；负担vt.加重量于词database 音标[ˈdeitəbeis]中文解析n.数据库词lightweight 音标['laitweit]中文解析adj.平均重量以下的（人或物）；不重要的，无足轻重的（人）词label音标[ˈleibəl]中文解析n.标签(记)；称号vt.贴标签于；把…称为词track 音标[træk]中文解析n.小路；跑道；轨道；车辙，踪迹vt.跟踪词recapture 音标[ri:ˈkæptʃə]中文解析v./ n.收复；再经历，再体验词span 音标[spæn]中文解析n.一段时间；跨度vt.持续，贯穿；跨越词destination 音标[ˌdestiˈneiʃən]中文解析n.目的地，终点；目标，目的词biologist 音标中文解析生物学家词complexity音标[kəmˈpleksiti]中文解析n.复杂，复杂性词band音标[bænd]中文解析n.管乐队；群；带；条纹；波段vt.用带绑扎词bandage 音标[ˈbændidʒ]中文解析n.绷带vt.用绷带绑扎词housing 音标[ˈhauziŋ]中文解析n.房屋，住宅；住房建筑；外壳，外罩词pose 音标[pəuz]中文解析vt.造成；陈述vi.摆姿势；装腔作势n.姿势词cease 音标[si:s]中文解析v.／n.停止，终止词per 音标[pə(:)]中文解析prep.每，每一词breed 音标[ˈbri:diŋ]中文解析n.饲养，教养词insect 音标[ˈinsekt]中文解析n.昆虫，虫词saying 音标[ˈseiŋ, ˈsei-iŋ]中文解析n.言语；言论；格言词pollute 音标[pəˈlu:t]中文解析vt.弄脏，污染；腐蚀词pollutant音标[pəˈlu:tənt]中文解析n.污染物质，散布污染物质者9.2 综述练习-Lecture词categorize音标[ˈkætigəraiz]中文解析vt.分类词standard 音标[ˈstændəd]中文解析n.标准，规格a.标准的词mixture 音标[ˈmikstʃə]中文解析n.混合；混合物词context 音标[ˈkɔntekst]中文解析n.背景，环境；上下文，语境词neat 音标[ni:t]中文解析 a.(爱)整洁的；利索的，简洁的；纯的词hybrid 音标[ˈhaibrid]中文解析n.杂交生物体，杂交植(动)物；混合(成)物词fuse音标[fju:z]中文解析n.保险丝；导火线v.熔合；(使)中断工作词confuse音标[kənˈfju:z]中文解析vt.使困惑，把…弄糊涂；混淆；混乱，搞乱词confusion 音标[kənˈfju:ʒən]中文解析n.困惑，糊涂；混淆；混乱，骚乱词fiction 音标[ˈfikʃən]中文解析n.小说词fictitious音标[fikˈtiʃəs]中文解析 a.虚构的词pioneer 音标[ˌpaiəˈniə]中文解析n.先驱者，创始人；开拓者vt.开拓(创)词underwater 音标[ˌʌndəˈwɔ:tə]中文解析 a.在水中生长的词aquatic 音标[əˈkwætik]中文解析 a.水的词display音标[disˈplei]中文解析n.／vt.陈列，展览；显示，表现词characteristic 音标[ˌkæriktəˈristik]中文解析 a.特有的，典型的n.特性，特征词clip 音标[klip]中文解析n.夹子，别针；弹夹；片断vt.夹住；修剪词mollusk 音标[ˈmɔləsk]中文解析n.软体动物词narration 音标[nəˈreiʃən]中文解析n.叙述词portray 音标[pɔ:ˈtrei]中文解析vt.描写，描绘；扮演，饰演词film音标[film]中文解析n.电影；胶片(卷)；薄膜vt.拍摄(电影)词notion 音标[ˈnəuʃən]中文解析n.概念，观念；意图，想法，(怪)念头。

【托福听力备考】TPO听力高频词汇——图书馆对话场景词汇汇总在托福听力备考的过程中，TPO材料往往是大家的首选。

而想要完全利用好这些材料，最为重要的就是要从点点滴滴的词汇和句型入手进行分类和整理。

那么，在以下内容中我们就为大家带来TPO听力高频词汇系列内容，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。

图书馆对话场景词汇：B：Student & Officer 学生对工作人员Library:图书馆librarian[lai?br??ri?n]n.图书管理员inter-library [??nt?(r)] [?laibr?ri]n. 图书馆间loan[l?un]v.n.借loan counter[l?un] [?kaunt?] n.借书处loan period [l?un] [?pi?ri?d] n.借书期限return [ri?t?:n]v.还renew [ri?nju:]v.更新，续reserve[ri?z?:v]vt.预留/n.储备photocopier[?f??t??k?p??(r)]n.影印机fine [fain]vt.罚款/n.罚金literature review [?lit?r?t??] [ri?vju:]n.文献评论electronic [i?lek?tr?nik]adj.电子版的journal [?d??:n?l]n.期刊database [?deit?beis]n.数据库published and unpublished data [?p?bli?t] [?nd] [??nˋp?bl??t][?deit?]n.数据title [?taitl]n.标题screen[skri:n]n.电脑屏幕an abstract [?n, ?n] [??bstr?kt]vt.摘要newspaper reviews [?nju:s?peip?] [ri?vju:z] n.报纸评论contemporary reviews [k?n?temp?r?ri] [ri?vju:z]n.当代评论in the basement [in] [??, ?i:] [?beism?nt]n.地下室reference guide [?ref?r?ns] [gaid]n.参考指南the reference stacks [??, ?i:] [?ref?r?ns] [st?ks]n.书库video library [?vidi?u] [?laibr?ri]n.录像图书馆student orientation [?stju:d?nt] [??:ri?n?tei??n]n.情况介绍(针对大学新生) the front desk [??, ?i:] [fr?nt] [desk]n.前台group project [gru:p] [? pr?d?ekt]n.团队项目due [dju:]adj.截止deadline [?dedlain]n.截止日期extension [ik?sten??n]n.延期申请volunteer [?v?l?n?ti?]n.志愿者campus [?k?mp?s]n 校园semester[si?mest?]n.学期(半年)[英式 term;术语]scholarship/fellowship [?sk?l??ip] [?fel?u?ip]n.奖学金选课：Preparatory Course [pri?p?r?t?ri] [k?:s]n. 预备课程：foundation course [faun?dei??n] [k?:s]n.基础课程intro/introduction course [??ntr??]/ [?intr??d?k??n] [k?:s].n.导论课程intermediate Course [?int??mi:di?t] [k?:s]n.中级课程advanced course [?d?vɑ:nst] [k?:s]n.高级课程其他：orientation[??:ri?n?tei??n]n.大学新生介绍校园生活和学习retire [ri?tai?]v. 退休graduate [?gr?djueit] vi. 毕业 n.毕业生charge[t?ɑ:d?] =fee [fi:]n.费用the rare books [??, ?i:] [re?] [buks]珍藏本书gloves[gl?vz]手套。

PART 1托福听力对话场景高频词汇校园设施类：dormitory 口.宿舍auditorium=lecture hall n.会堂，礼堂computer lab 计算实验室, 机房dining hall=canteen=refectory食堂；cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building 主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building 教学楼enrollment 登记，注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼，仪式commencement ceremony毕业典礼convocation.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee费用placement test开学测试excellent出色的average平均的,一般的below average低于平均水平的，差的校园人员类：university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院graduate/grad school研究生院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor辅导员advisor指导老师instructor讲师tutor个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生custodian管理人faculty教工，系receptionist前台接待员registrar课程注册员教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家学科类：学科major主修minor 副修science 理科,arts 文科,engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required> compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course 选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座discussion讨论会seminar高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop专题课程,讨论会级别Introductory入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite先修课程，必要前提上课：Attend class上课Miss class缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus教学大纲Required textbook要求的课本Attendance出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与semester/term 学期quarter 小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus教学大纲Professor's signa^U S e的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap 课程容量（可以招收的学生数），openings （可供注册的名额）Take 选（课）,drop 退（课）Late registration 晚注册作业类:assignment= homework = coursework = schoolwork 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper） thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期干刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表，问卷observation n. 观察interview v./n.采访，面试collect data收集数据broad （论文等）内容宽泛narrow down （论文等）缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time 期限outline n.大纲，提纲（roadmap）bibliography n 书目，参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n.抄袭revise v.修改rewrite v.重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试类:mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam开卷考试subjective test主观性测试objective test客观性测试pop quiz抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n 估价appraisal n.评价，估价make up for 补考，resit=retake 重考grade=mark =$3区分数perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全A be all A's and B's 全是A和B B plus B 力口A minus A 减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书reference letter/recommendation letter 推荐信，Certification 认证，qualification 资格， qualified 合格的Resume, CV financial aid 经济援助ScholarshipFellowship Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant助学金Loan贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based以优秀为基础Student union学生会Clubs俱乐部Membership成员资格Career service图书馆类:library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication出版物periodical期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography参考书目title index书目索引alphabetic index按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal在线期刊video tape录像带back issue过期杂志current issue近期杂志archive档案non-fiction非小说类文学作品science-fiction科幻小说copier复印机check out办理（借、还）手续renew续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk 借书台shelf 口.书架photocopy room 复印室return area 还书处students locker学生存储间reference section参考书部住宿类：宿舍：accommodation n.住处，膳宿residence hall 宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者，室友corridor n.走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借，租约landlord房东landlady 女房东rent 租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartment house key 房锁匙床上用品：pillow n.枕头bed linen n.床上用品sheet n.被单mattress n.床垫blanket 口.毯子towel 口.手巾，毛巾quilt n.棉被electric appliance（instrument; equipment）电器heater, furnace 力口热器,炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry洗衣店）utensil器皿;用具kitchen utensil炊具oven烤箱；烤炉range煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机（hot-water） heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator （freezer）冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD 机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养bookshelf书架bookcase书柜couch沙发chest柜子;橱;箱子dresser （bureau）梳妆台cabinet （电视机等）机箱;储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard （closet）碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings室内陈设personalpossessions/property/belongings 个人财产get insurance forpossessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter 煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n.泄漏lost key 丢钥匙break in闯入PART 2托福听力学术讲座高频词汇文学pose 散文diary 日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose 叙述性descriptive prose 描写性essay 随笔poetry 诗歌ballad 民谣lullaby 催眠曲fiction 小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb谚语model人物原型leading character 主人公main plot 主要情节prelude 序曲prologue 序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究schools of literature 文学流派comparative literature 比较文学realism 现实主义surrealism 超现实主义futurism 未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra （管弦）乐队shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓 foot beat 跺脚note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐symphony 交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music / wind music 管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting 指挥podium 指挥台accompaniment 伴奏quality 音质volume 音量chord和弦harmony和声rest休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude序曲epilogue 尾声建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator 电梯skyscraper 摩天大楼design element 设计元素log structure 原木结构cabin 小木屋beam 梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid金字塔castle城堡美术fine arts 美术oil painting 油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch 速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster 海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco 壁画engraving 版画lithograph 石板画landscape painting 风景画still life 静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush画笔drawing board 画板perspective 透视画法original 原作copy 临本reproduction / replica 复制品genuine 真的fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph 真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法paste 裱糊impressionistic style 印象派风格framing 装框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像animator 漫画家人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist意象派诗人philanthropist慈善家proprietor业主mortal犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent杰出的versatile （人）多才多艺的/ （物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous心理学infant婴儿kid儿童teenager十三至十九岁的人young people年轻人adult 成年人old people/the aged/elderly people /senior citizens 老年人mature 成熟的majority多数人minority少数人conformity从众，一致individual个体，个人self-reliance 依靠自己,自立behaviour 行为，举止behaviorism 行为主义psychoanalysis.精神分析egocentric自我中心的;利己主义的mental心理的founder创始人Archimedes.阿基米德Plato柏拉图mental process思维过程thought 思想,想法cognition 认识cognitive capacity 认知能力motor 运动motivation动机;积极性;推动intention意图,目的intuitive直觉的hypotheses 假定，假说conscience道德心，良心virtuous善良的;有道德的curiosity好奇心patriarchal家长的/族长的internal内部的external外部的;表面的optimism乐观;乐观主义generous慷慨的，大方identity身份;同一性fame名声，名望spiritual心灵的soul灵魂;心灵physical身体的，物质的,物理的habit习惯muscle肌肉sign language手语，符号语音throat喉咙，嗓子larynx =voice box 喉头subjective 主观的objective 客观的positive/negative electrode正/负电极maze迷宫questionnaire问卷subject受实验对象obsession困扰deaf聋的blind 盲abnormal反常的distracted心烦意乱的amnesia健忘症，记忆缺失动物学zoology 动物学Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择phylum 门class 纲order 目suborder 亚目family 科genus 属species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的bird 鸟类camouflage 伪装hibernate 冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore 食肉的predator 捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms （昆虫等）群flock （牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd 兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn （鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物scales 鳞feathers 羽毛armor 甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system 消化系统excretory system 排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system 循环系统respiratory system 呼吸系统hormonal system 内分泌系统digestive duct 消化管esophagus 食管stomach 胃small intestine 小肠large intestine 大肠anus 肛门digestive gland 消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver 肝gallbladder 胆pancreas 胰squirrel 松鼠marten 貂bat 蝙蝠squeak （老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose 驼鹿beaver 海狸elk 麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe 长颈鹿rhinoceros 犀牛hippo 河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion 蝎子turtle 龟lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色龙caymen / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede 蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp （鸟、虫的叫声）vulture 秃鹫crane 鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan 雷鸟migrate 迁移plumage 羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp 黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach 蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle 触须larva幼虫jellyfish 水母nettle fish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼植物学botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell （硬）果壳husk （干）果壳/ （玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉petal 花瓣nectar 花蜜tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的crossbreed 杂交root pressure 根压bore 腔/肠cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column 花柱necrosis 坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate （starch）碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree针叶树larch 落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plum blossom 梅花orchid 兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily 荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower 向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie 玉米pumpkin 南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce 莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小、麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats燕麦气象学meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorological station 气象站forecast / predict 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层stratosphere 平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere 电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid 潮湿humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿/ 水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体sheet （水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest（storm） / torrential rain 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm 暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze 微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon 季风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale 风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave 潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere 上层大气funnel 漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection 对流wind velocity 风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction 数值天气预报nephanalysis 云层分析；卫星云图环境科学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes （有毒的）废气waste废物solid waste固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification 污水净化swage disposal 污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis 光合作用solar energy 太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation 保护能源resource 资源energy source 能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油燃烧global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect 温室效应rise in sea level 海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmental recycling center 再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification 沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought 干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage 工业污水recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate 恶化acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal 污水处理environment protection 环境保护ozone layer 臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission （汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘El Nino厄尔尼诺现象地质学crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum 地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split 断裂disintegration / decomposition 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limeston 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble 大理石lithosphere 岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble 碎石debris残骸platinum 白金/铂金silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞/水银sodium钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山（sloping） shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）（steep-sided） cone volcano 锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic intensity scale 震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm 灾变tsunami / tidal / force 海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming全球逐渐变暖叫uifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽Great Canyon 大峡谷Nile River 尼罗河Colorado river科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物地理学hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude经线/经度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲the Antarctic Circle 南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈aurora 极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone 时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain 平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis 绿洲enclave 飞地peak 山峰cordillera / ranges 山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean 地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游lower reaches 下游tributary 支流deposit 沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent 次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的frost heaving冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石the Mediterranean Sea 地中海the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚（半岛）（瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称为。

托福听力分类攻略之图书馆场景完全解读预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制托福听力分类攻略：图书馆场景完全解读新托福考试的听力在许多考生眼里，实际上是比较难提高的一门科目，许多单科个位数考分的缔造者都来自听力部分。

学生往往会问，究竟要背多少学科单词，做多少篇TPO才能战胜托福听力？其实，问题都来自于各位考生没有正确的使用好TPO，甚至就盲目的一篇一篇往下听，以至于浪费了对于正式考试颇为有价值的TPO1-24套，总数为144篇的接近真题的内容。

笔者倾向于考生合理运用TPO的内容，不要每一套TPO都分开一个一个听，这样会导致考前做模拟全真练习时，都找不到一套全新的真题练习。

为了能够更好的将TPO听力的作用发挥到极致，最好是将目前网络上能下载到的24套题分为2个部分，分话题横听从TPO 1-14。

考前全真模拟考试就从TPO15-24，一共10套。

为什么要留10套呢？因为我们可以从托福考试报名情况得知，大部分新托福考生都不止一次参加考试，因此，每一次考试之前，大家是不是要留几套综合练习作为考前临阵磨枪呢？所以，笔者的TPO分类听力漫谈也会主要围绕着TPO1-14套，后面的10套，就暂且不剧透了。

笔者一向认为，托福只是一个英语能力的考试，能不能考好，其实和天赋没有太大联系，如果你的目标仅仅是100分，而不是115分以上，那更加事在人为了。

许多考生复习了一阵子，考分不理想，就仰天长叹，我没那种命~其实不然，是你还没有用对方法，或者还是在用对付学校考试的那种考前拼命复习的伎俩。

托福听力是一种既考核学术听力笔记，又beyond surface information的测试，这没有日积月累的功夫，一下子根本就没法提高。

还有考生和我抱怨，班上的某某某裸考听力就25+，但有没有想过，大部分一次成型的考生基本上英语基础都很好，又或者高中在国外念过。

你换一个词汇量1500的试试，能出来就25分吗？所以，自己感觉基础一般的童鞋们，从今天开始要跟上笔者的节奏，一起好好认真练习。

TOEFL IBT听力场景词汇对话场景词汇(Page1-9)●入学：enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的●结构及称谓: university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 辅导老师supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生●建筑物:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hall computer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课/学科major 主修minor 副修science理科,arts文科,engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学●课程类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程●课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲；课程表Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销●职位professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言；演示；展示term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt. n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调●考试mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数●成绩perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法●图书馆library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部●科研HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect data收集数据Survey, questionnaire 调查；问卷调查Experiment实验Interfere, influence干扰；影响Observation 观察Analyze data 分析数据Interpret data 解读数据Analysis 分析Analytical 分析的，分析性的Subject 主体，研究对象Sample 样本Treatment group 实验组Control group 对照组●校内工作，课外活动Letter of reference/recommendation介绍信，推荐信Competitive 有竞争力的Benefit future career 对未来职业有益Field research 田野调查Collect data for papers 收集数据Waiter, waitress，Babysitter 服务生；保姆Qualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CV 个人简历financial aid经济援助Scholarship 奖学金Grant 助学金Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础的Merit-based 以优异表现为基础的Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部；社团Membership 成员资格Career service 职业规划服务●住宿accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.露台sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartment 两室公寓house key 房锁匙pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养●家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设●日常生活/问题:personal possessions/property/belongings 个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongsgarbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.入室盗窃者leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇(Page10-31) Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion) boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库Latitude 纬度Redistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates 苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图Aristotle 亚里士多德Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分;元素Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomy constellation 星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷神星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen)Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年(距离单位) Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区 表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类; 流派Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play话剧; 戏剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 照相机；摄影机camera shot 摄影镜头analytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈编排者；舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation/pigment 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderne Geometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520 拜占庭式建筑音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter) Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘Paleoanthropology 古人类学Prehistoric史前的Primitive原始的微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biotical agency Calcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey bee蜜蜂monarch butterfly 大花蝶egg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming bird artery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage 伪装evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟喙；鸟嘴enzymes 酶secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell) gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) 光合作用的photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜bean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 社会等级; 等级制hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象学meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 凝结; 冷凝crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩; 山体滑坡precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩; 山体滑坡Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环境科学environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存pollute 污染v.pollution, 污染n.pollutant 污染物contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill),回收: recycle, reuse,Dump 倾倒(垃圾)；排放(污水)milk carton牛奶盒,tyre 轮胎aluminum cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags塑料袋;垃圾袋biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels化石燃料crude oil; oil 原油；石油natural gas 天然气coal 煤petroleum; gas 汽油limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源,replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,water pollution 水污染air pollution 空气污染soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollution 噪声污染light pollution光污染soil erosion 土壤侵蚀; 水土流失soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地, rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者,natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物,preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏,have disastrous effect on…对。

托福听力重点英语单词 1：Infrared ray 红外线Fluorescence 荧光Volt 伏特Magnet 磁铁Direct current 直流电Anode 正极Convection 对流Expansion 膨胀Resonance 共振Frequency 频率Dilution 稀释Reduction 还原Solution 溶液Chemical reaction 化学反应Compound 化合物Oxidation 氧化Wear and tear 磨损Flyover 立交桥Overspeed 超速Out-of-service 废气，停用Public transportation 公共运输Colony 殖民地Slavery 奴隶制度Colonial 殖民的，殖民地的Archaeology 考古学Anthropology 人类学Thanksgiving 感谢，宗感恩祈祷 Archaeologist 考古学家Ancient civilization 古代文明 Dinosaur 恐龙Paleolithic Age 旧石器时代Cello 大提琴2：Horn 圆号Key board instruments 键盘Vocal music 声乐Prelude 序曲Epilogue 尾声Lullaby 催眠曲Concerto 协奏曲Art gallery 美术馆Choreography 舞台舞蹈Technique 技巧，表演法Rhythm 节奏Improvisation 即席创作Background 背景Close-up 特写Exposure 曝光Essay 随笔Ballad 民谣Fiction 小说Allegory 寓言Legend 传说Model 人物原型Literary criticism 文学批评Schools of literature 文学流派 Realism 现实主义Invertebrate 无脊椎动物Reptile 爬行动物Herbivore 食草动物Anemone 海葵Antenna 触角，天线感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

附1 高频必背词汇词汇来源：全部选自OG和TPO里摘录的高频且必须掌握的词汇。

唯一要求：听到就能迅反应出意思或形象。

1、对话场景词汇：A：Office Hours—Student & Professor论文：office hour [ˈɔfis][ˈauə]n.办公时间term paper [tə:m][ˈpeipə]n.学期论文.the first draft [ðə] [fə:st][drɑ:ft]n.初稿look over a draft version [luk][ˈəuvə][ə][drɑ:ft][ˈvə:ʃən]v.检查草拟版本hand in the final copy[hænd][in][ðə] [ˈfainəl] [ˈkɔpi]v.提交最后打印版scope [skəup]n.范围wander off topic [ˈwɔndə] [ɔ(:)f][ˈtɔpik]v.跑题.design plan [diˈzain] [plæn]n.设计方案.essay[ˈesei]n.作文，散文rewrite[ˌri:ˈrait]v.重写revise[riˈvaiz]v.校正comment[ˈkɔment]n.vt.评论reference section [ˈrefərəns] [ˈsekʃ(ə)n]n.参考部分疑难解答：assignment [əˈsainmənt]n.作业grade[greid]n.成绩credit[ˈkredit]n.学分mid-term exam [mid][tə:m] [igˈzæm]n.期中考试group project[gru:p] [ˈprɔdʒekt]n.团队项目due[dju:]adj.截止deadline [ˈdedlain]n.截止日期extension[ikˈstenʃən]n.延期申请volunteer[ˌvɔlənˈtiə]n.志愿者campus[ˈkæmpəs]n校园semester[siˈmestə]n.学期（半年）[英式term;术语]scholarship/fellowship[ˈskɔləʃip] [ˈfeləuʃip]n.奖学金选课：Preparatory Course [priˈpærətəri] [kɔ:s]n.预备课程：foundation course [faunˈdeiʃən] [kɔ:s]n.基础课程intro/introduction course[ˈɪntrəʊ]/ [ˌintrəˈdʌkʃən] [kɔ:s].n.导论课程intermediate Course[ˌintəˈmi:diət] [kɔ:s]n.中级课程advanced course [ədˈvɑ:nst] [kɔ:s]n.高级课程其他：Orientation[ˌɔ:riənˈteiʃən]n.大学新生介绍校园生活和学习Retire [riˈtaiə]v.退休graduate [ˈgrædjueit]vi. 毕业n.毕业生B：Student & Officer 学生对工作人员Library:图书馆librarian[laiˈbrɛəriən]n.图书管理员inter-library[ˈɪntə(r)][ˈlaibrəri]n.图书馆间loan[ləun]v.n.借loan counter[ləun][ˈkauntə] n.借书处loan period [ləun] [ˈpiəriəd] n.借书期限return[riˈtə:n]v.还renew[riˈnju:]v.更新，续reserve[riˈzə:v]vt.预留/n.储备photocopier[ˈfəʊtəʊkɔpɪə(r)]n.影印机fine[fain]vt.罚款/n.罚金literature review [ˈlitərətʃə][riˈvju:]n.文献评论electronic [iˌlekˈtrɔnik]adj.电子版的journal[ˈdʒə:nəl]n.期刊database [ˈdeitəbeis]n.数据库published and unpublished data [ˈpʌbliʃt][ənd][ˏʌnˋpʌblɪʃt] [ˈdeitə]n.数据title[ˈtaitl]n.标题screen[skri:n]n.电脑屏幕an abstract [ən, æn] [ˈæbstrækt]vt.摘要newspaper reviews [ˈnju:sˌpeipə] [riˈvju:z] n.报纸评论Contemporary reviews [kənˈtempərəri] [riˈvju:z]n.当代评论in the basement [in] [ðə, ði:] [ˈbeismənt]n.地下室reference guide [ˈrefərəns] [gaid]n.参考指南the reference stacks [ðə, ði:] [ˈrefərəns] [stæks]n.书库video library [ˈvidiəu] [ˈlaibrəri]n.录像图书馆student orientation [ˈstju:dənt] [ˌɔ:riənˈteiʃən]n.情况介绍（针对大学新生）the front desk [ðə, ði:][frʌnt] [desk]n.前台charge[tʃɑ:dʒ] =fee[fi:]n.费用the rare books [ðə, ði:] [reə] [buks]珍藏本书gloves[glʌvz]手套Bookstore：书店full refund [ful] [riˈfʌnd, ˈri:fʌnd]n.退款retreat[riˈtri:t]n.退书merchandises[ˈmə:tʃəndaiz]n.商品purchased ['pə:tʃəst] =buy [bai] vt.买policy [ˈpɔləsi]n.规定store credit [stɔ:][ˈkredit] n.商店退款；赊账购物Cafeteria：食堂restaurant ['restərɔnt] /dining room[ˈdaɪnɪŋ][ru:m]n.餐厅organic food [ɔ:ˈgænik] [fu:d]n.有机食物deep fried food [di:p] [fraid] [fu:d]n.油炸食物waiter [ˈweitə] n.男服务员waitress[ˈweitris] n.女服务员snack[snæk]n.小吃，快餐salad[ˈsæləd]n.沙拉Registrar’s Office：注册办公室sign up [saɪn ʌp]v.注册，选课，报名course[kɔ:s]n.课程prerequisite[ˈpri:ˈrekwizit]n.预备知识，先决条件.permission[pəˈmiʃən]n.允许，许可mailing address[ˈmeiliŋ əˈdres]n.邮寄地址at the administration office [æt, ət] [ðə, ði:] [ədˌminisˈtreiʃən] [ˈɔfis]n.行政办公室graduation form[ˌgrædʒuˈeiʃən] [fɔ:m]n.毕业表格diploma[diˈpləumə]n.毕业证书.academic record [ˌækəˈdemik] [ˈrekɔ:d, riˈkɔ:d]n.学业成绩graduation requirements [ˌgrædʒuˈeiʃən][riˈkwaiəmənts]要求department chair [diˈpɑ:tmənt][tʃɛə] /chairperson['tʃɛəpə:sn]n.系主任dean [di:n]n.院长；系主任credit[ˈkredit]n.学分introductory course [ˌintəˈdʌktəri][kɔ:s]n.基础入门课程the intermediate level course [ðə, ði:] [ˌintəˈmi:diət] [ˈlevəl] [kɔ:s]n.中级水平basic course [ˈbeisik] [kɔ:s]n.基础课程foundational classe [faunˈdeiʃən] [ˈklæsik]基础课程field work[fild wɚk] /research [riˈsə:tʃ]n.实地研究verify [ˈverifai]vt.证实certify[ˈsə:tifai]vt.证明faculty advisor：指导老师dorm [dɔ:m] /dormitory [ˈdɔ:mitəri]n.宿舍social[ˈsəuʃəl]a.社交academics[ˌækəˈdemik]a.学术feedback [ˈfi:dbæk]n.反馈Counseling Center：咨询中心counselor[ˈkaunsələ]n.咨询员Department Secretary:部门秘书salary [ˈsæləri] =income[ˈinkʌm]n.工资paycheck ['peitʃek]n.薪水bank account[bæŋk əˈkaʊnt] n.银行存款/账户deposits[diˈpɔzits]n.存款payroll [ˈpeirəul]n.工资单；薪水册form[fɔ:m]n.表格table [ˈteibəl]n.表格chart[tʃɑ:t]n.图表cash [kæʃ]n.现金fax [fæks]n.传真bill [bil]n.账单credit card[ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd]n.信用卡Career Services Office:就业服务办公室career [kəˈriə]n.职业recruit [riˈkru:t]vt.招聘interview [ˈintəvju:]n.面试resume [ˈrezju:mei]n.简历employee [imˈplɔi-i:] n.雇员employer [imˈplɔiə]n.雇主career [kəˈriə] /job fair[dʒɑb fɛr]n.招聘会website ['webˌsait]n.网站recommend letter [ˌrekəˈmend] [ˈletə]n.推荐信firm[fə:m] =company [ˈkʌmpəni] =corporation [ˌkɔ:pəˈreiʃən]n.公司wear a suit [wɛə][ei, ə, æn, ən] [su:t, sju:t]n.正装advancement [ədˈvɑ:nsmənt] =promotion [prəˈməuʃən]n.晋升freshman [ˈfreʃmən]n.大一新生sophomore[ˈsɔfəmɔ:]n.大二junior[ˈdʒu:niə]n.大三seniors [ˈsi:niə]n.大四学生language lab manager：video [ˈvidiəu]n.视频；录像facilities manager：后勤经理chorus[ˈkɔ:rəs] =choir[ˈkwaiə]n.合唱队rehearsal [riˈhə:səl]n.排练，预演auditorium [ˌɔ:diˈtɔ:riəm]n.礼堂，会堂construction [kənˈstrʌkʃən]n.建筑施工hall [hɔ:l]n.大厅laboratory [ləˈbɔrətəri]n.实验室concert [ˈkɔnsət]n.音乐会reschedule [ri:ˈʃedju:l]vt.重新安排时间表Campus Activities. 校园活动announcement[əˈnaunsmənt]n.公告；通告summit[ˈsʌmit]n.提交request [riˈkwest] vt.／n.请求poster [ˈpəustə]n.海报flyers [ˈflaiəz]n.传单Administrating Office行政办公楼gym card [dʒim] [kɑ:d]n.健身卡2、讲座学科词汇：Art艺术：film [film] n.=movie[ˈmu:vi] n.=motion picture[ˈməuʃən] [ˈpiktʃə]n.电影theater [ˈθiətə]n. =cinema[ˈsinimə] n.电影院standard[ˈstændəd] n.标准hybrid[ˈhaibrid]n.混合；混血pioneer [ˌpaiəˈniə]n.先驱innovator [ˋɪnəʊveɪtə(r)] n.改革者characteristic [ˌkæriktəˈristik] n.特征，特质narration [nəˈreiʃən] n.叙事，讲述audience [ˈɔ:diəns]n.观众，听众，读者portray [pɔ:ˈtrei] vt.描绘，扮演photography [fəˈtɔgrəfi] n.摄影high-tech [haɪˈtek] n.高科技equipment[iˈkwipmənt] n.设备documentary[ˌdɔkjuˈmentəri]n.纪录片documentarist[ˏdɔkjʊˋmentərɪst] n.纪录片导演female/male student [ˈfi:meil] /[meil] [ˈstju:dənt] n.女/男学生art academy[ɑ:t][əˈkædəmi] n.艺术学院editorial [ˌediˈtɔ:riəl] n.社论facial [ˈfeiʃəl] adj.面部的，表面的literacy [ˈlitərəsi] n.读写能力；精通文学sarcastic [sɑ:ˈkæstik, sɑr-] adj.讽刺的neoclassical [ˈniːəuklæsikəl] adj.新古典主义的renowned[riˈnaund] adj.著名的legend [ˈledʒənd] n.传说knight [nait]n.骑兵，骑士chivalry [ˈʃivəlri] n.侠气，骑士精神troubadour[ˈtruːbəduə] n.行吟诗人studio[ˈstju:diəu] n.工作室；画室toeshoe[ˋtəʊʃuː] n.芭蕾舞鞋religion [riˈlidʒən] n.宗教；宗教信仰Christian Church: [ˈkristʃən] [tʃə:tʃ] n.基督教教会clergy [ˈklə:dʒi] n.神职人员；牧师；僧侣mythology[miˈθɔlədʒi] n.神话；神话学；神话集prayer book [ˈpreə] [buk] n.祈祷书monastery[ˈmɔnəstri] n.修道院；僧侣Proto-Indo-European: [prəʊ.təʊ-] [ˈɪndəʊ] [juərəˈpi:ən] n.原始印欧语Dadaism. [ˈdɑːdəizəm] n.达达派，达达主义authentic[ɔ:ˈθentik] adj.真正的，真实的；可信的printing press [ˈprintiŋ][pres] n.印刷机accessible [əkˈsesəbəl] adj.易接近的；可进入的；可理解的rank[ræŋk]v.分等级salon[səˈlɔn] n.沙龙，美术展览馆exhibition[eksiˈbiʃ(ə)n] n.展览（会）make a name[meik][ə][ˈneim]v.出名，成名stereotype: [ˈsteriətaip] n.刻板印象，成见，定型行为allegory [ˈæliɡəri] n.寓言painting=work [ˈpeintiŋ] [wə:k] n.绘画作品masterpiece [ˈmæstəpi:s] n.杰作contemporary art[kənˈtempərəri] [ɑ:t] n.当代艺术gallery[ˈgæləri] n.画廊realistic [riəˈlistik] n.形式主义的realism [ˈriəlizəm] n现实主义impressionism[ɪmˈpreʃənɪz(ə)m] n.印象主义brushstroke [brʌʃ] [strəuk] n.一笔，绘画技巧texture [ˈtekstʃə] n.质地，纹理canvas [ˈkænvəs]n.画布，帆布nature scene [ˈneitʃə] [si:n] n.场景，景色landscape [ˈlændskeip] n.风景posture [ˈpɔstʃə] n.姿势cave art [keiv] [ɑ:t] n.洞穴壁画Europe [ˈjuərəp] n.欧洲Britain [ˈbritən]n.英国Italy [ˈitəli] n. 意大利Rome(Roma) [rəum] n.罗马Greek [gri:k] n.希腊Egypt[ˈi:dʒipt] n.埃及France [ˈfræns] n.法国Germany [ˈdʒə:məni] n.德国Spain [spein] n.西班牙Turkey[ˈtə:ki] n.土耳其（Turkish）Netherlands[ˈneðələndz] =Holland[ˈhɔlənd] n.荷兰（Dutch荷兰人）Canada [ˈkænədə] n.加拿大（Canadian [kəˈneidiən] n.加拿大人）音乐：Musicchoir [ˈkwaiə] n.合唱队chorus [ˈkɔ:rəs] n.合唱队rhythm [ˈriðəm] n.节奏；韵律symphony [ˈsimfəni] n.交响乐violin [ˌvaiəˈlin] n.小提琴；小提琴手cello [ˈtʃeləʊ] n.大提琴viola [viˈəulə] n.中提琴，中提琴演奏者clarinet[klæriˈnet] n.单簧管；竖笛，黑管composer[kəmˈpəuzə]n.作曲家；作家melody [ˈmelədi] n.旋律；歌曲chamber music [ˈtʃeimbə][ˈmju:zik] n.室内音乐musician [mju(:)ˈziʃən] n.音乐家improvisational [ˏɪmprəvaɪˋzeɪʃənəl]adj.即兴的percussion instrument [pəˈkʌʃən][ˈinstrumənt] n.打击乐器string instrument [striŋ][ˈinstrumənt] n.弦乐器Broadway musical: [ˈbrɔ:dwei] [ˈmju:zikəl]n.百老汇音乐剧orchestra [ˈɔ:kistrə]n.管弦乐队critic [ˈkritik]n.评论家；批评者formal [ˈfɔ:məl]adj.正式的poverty [ˈpɔvəti]n.贫困abstract art [ˈæbstrækt] [ɑ:t] n.抽象派convention [kənˈvenʃən] n.大会；惯例，习俗fine art[fain] [ɑ:t] n.美术academy[əˈkædəmi] n.学院；研究院contemplative[ˈkɔntempleitiv] adj.沉思的；冥想的daydream [ˈdeɪdriːm]n.白日梦nightmare[ˈnaitmeə] n.噩梦ivory [ˈaivəri]n.象牙；乳白色sculpture [ˈskʌlptʃə]n.雕塑prehistory [ˈpriːhistəri] n.史前stained glass [steɪnd `glæs ]n.彩色玻璃era [ˈiərə]n.时代；年代；纪元the Renaissance [ˌrɛnəˈzans] n.文艺复兴weaving[ˈwiː.vɪŋ] n.织动，编织fabric[ˈfæbrik] n.纤维织物mosaic[məuˈzei-ik] n.马赛克ceramics[siˈræmik s] n.制陶术，制陶业tribal art [ˈtraibəl][ɑ:t] n.部落艺术建筑：ArchitectureArchitect [ˈɑ:kitekt] n.建筑师compact structure [ˈkɔmpækt][ˈstrʌktʃə] 紧凑的结构roof [ru:f] n.屋顶dome [dəum] n.穹顶steel girder [sti:l][ˈgə:də] n.钢梁城市规划：City Planningpedestrian mall [piˈdestriən][mɔ:l] n.步行街retail [ˈri:teil, riˈteil]n.v.零售business owner=employer [ˈbiznis][ˈəunə] =[imˈplɔiə]老板downtown [ˈdaunˈtaun]n.市中心suburb [ˈsʌbə:b] n.郊外country =rural area [ˈkʌntri]= [ˈruərəl] [ˈɛəriə]n.农村residential area [ˌreziˈdenʃəl] [ˈɛəriə]n. 住宅区local resident [ˈləukəl] [ˈrezidənt] n.当地居民dweller [ˈdwelə]n.居民inhabitant [inˈhæbitənt]n.居民sidewalk [ˈsaidwɔ:k]n.人行道,off-limits[ˌɒfˈlɪm.ɪts]n.禁区，禁止进入automobile[ˈɔ:təməubi:l]=car[kɑ:]=vehicle [ˈvi:ikəl]n.汽车transportation hub [ˌtrænspə:ˈteiʃən] [hʌb]n.中转港bus terminal [bʌs] [ˈtə:minəl]n.公车终点站subway station [ˈsʌbwei][ˈsteiʃən]=underground[ˌʌndəˈgraund]n.地铁business conference[ˈbiznis][ˈkɔnfərəns] =seminar [ˈseminɑ:]n.会议parking area/lot[ˈpɑːkiŋ][ˈɛəriə]/ [lɔt]=car park [kɑ:] [pɑ:k]=stopping place [ˈstɔpiŋ] [pleis]n.停车场sculpture [ˈskʌlptʃə]n.雕像decoration [ˌdekəˈreiʃən]= adornment[əˈdɔ:nmənt] n.装饰品layout [ˈleiaut]n.布局文学：Literature createfairy tale [ˈfeə.ri.teɪl]n.童话；神话folk tale [fəulk] [teil]n.民间故事poetry[ˈpəuitri]=poem[ˈpəuim]n.诗歌novel [ˈnɔvəl]=fiction[ˈfikʃən]n.小说science fiction[ˈsaiəns][ˈfikʃən]n.科幻小说character[ˈkæriktə]n. 人物,角色，性格plot[plɔt]n情节setting [ˈsetiŋ]n.场景appreciate[əˈpri:ʃieit]vt.欣赏author[ˈɔ:θə]n.作者style [stail]n.风格essay[ˈesei]n.散文works[wə:ks]n.作品universal truth [ˌju:niˈvə:səl][tru:θ]n.真理genre[ˈʒɔnrə]n.流派type [taip]n.类型royalty [ˈrɔiəlti]n.皇室prince[ˈprins]n.王子princess[ˌprinˈses]n.公主story tellers [ˈstɔːriˌtelə] n.说故事的人character sketch [ˈkæriktə][sketʃ]n.素描，人物速写”characters’ personalities[ˈkæriktəs] [ˌpə:səˈnæliti]n.人物个性people’s trait[ˈpi:plz][treit]n.特质portray [pɔ:ˈtrei]vt.描绘Major/main character [ˈmeidʒə]/[mein][ˈkæriktə]=round character [raund][ˈkæriktə]n.主角Minor characters[ˈmainə] [ˈkæriktə]=flat character[flæt] [ˈkæriktə] n.配角drama[ˈdrɑ:mə]=theater [ˈθiətə]=play [plei]n.戏剧opera [ˈɔpərə]n.歌剧entertainment [ˌentəˈteinmənt]=recreation [ˌrekriˈeiʃən]=amusement[əˈmju:zmənt]n.娱乐museum [mju(:)ˈziəm]n.博物馆well-made play [wel][meid][plei]n.佳构剧comedy[ˈkɔmidi]n.喜剧formula [ˈfɔ:mjulə]n.准则，公式logical [ˈlɔdʒikəl]adj.合乎逻辑的background [ˈbækgraund]n.背景lyrics [ˈliriks]n.抒情诗quotation [kwəuˈteiʃən]n.引用语servant [ˈsə:vənt]n.仆人master [ˈmɑ:stə]n.主人comment [ˈkɔment]n.评论the inciting[ðə][inˈsait iŋ]n.刺激incident [ˈinsidənt]n.事件.fortune [ˈfɔ:tʃənət]n.命运，运气obligatory scene [əˈbligəˌtəri][si:n]n.必须的情节ending[ˈendiŋ]= denouement [deiˈnu:mɑŋ] n.结局linguistics[liŋˈgwistiks] .语言学grammar [ˈgræmə]n.语法verb [və:b]v.动词noun [naun]n.名词adjective [ˈædʒiktiv]n.形容词历史：Historyancient Rome/Greek[ˈeinʃənt][rəum]/[gri:k]n.古罗马/希腊traditional [trəˈdiʃənəl]adj.传统的舞蹈：Dancechoreography[ˌkɔriˈɔgrəfi]n.编舞：ballet[bæˈleɪ]n.芭蕾舞讲座场景B-- Social Science 社会科学考古：Archaeologyhistorical relic[hisˈtɔrikəl] [ˈrelik]n.遗迹excavation [ˌekskəˈveiʃən]n.挖掘grave= tomb [greiv]=[tu:m]n.坟墓bury[ˈberi]v.埋葬primitive [ˈprimitiv]n.原始人，adj原始的the Neolithic period/age[ðə] [ˌni:əuˈliθik] [ˈpiəriəd]/[eidʒ]=New stone age[nju:] [stəun][eidʒ]n.新石器时代the Paleolithic period/age[ðə] [ˌpæliəuˈliθik] [ˈpiəriəd]/[eidʒ]= the Old/late Stone Age [ðə] [əuld]/ [leit] [stəun][eidʒ]n.旧石器时代shelter [ˈʃeltə] n.庇护所inhabit [inˈhæbit]vt.居住于religion[riˈlidʒən]n.宗教ceremony[ˈseriməni]n.仪式obsidian[ɔbˈsidiən]n.黑曜石pyramid[ˈpirəmid]n.金字塔人类学：AnthropologyNative American [ˈneitiv][əˈmerikən]n. 美洲原住民，印第安人the natural resources [ðə][ˈnætʃərəl] [riˈsɔ:sis]n.自然资源waterproof[ˈwɔ:təpru:f]=watertight[ˈwɔ:tətaitnis] adj.防水的cooking container [ˈkukiŋ] [kənˈteinə]n.容器utensil[ju:ˈtensəl]n.餐具，炊具bowl [bəul]n.碗canoe [kəˈnu:]独木舟alliance [əˈlaiəns]=federation[ˌfedəˈreiʃən]n.联盟哲学：PhilosophyAncient Greek philosopher [ˈeinʃənt][gri:k] [fiˈlɔsəfə]n.古希腊哲学家希腊哲学三杰：Socrates[ˈsɔkrəti:z]苏格拉底；Plato[ˈpleitəu]柏拉图；Aristotle[ˈæristɔtl]亚里士多德Aristotle’s ethical theory[ˈæristɔtlz][ˈeθikəl] [ˈθiəri]n.伦理学happiness [ˈhæpinis]n.幸福心理学：Psychologyfounder [ˈfaundə]n.创始人behaviorism [bɪˈheɪvɪərɪz(ə)m]n.行为主义mental process [ˈmentl][ˈprəuses]n.思维过程thought [θɔ:t]n.思想，想法laryngeal [læˈrindʒiəl]adj.喉部larynx [ˈlæriŋks]= voice box [vɔis] [bɔks]喉头throat [θrəut]n.喉咙，嗓子habit[ˈhæbit]n.习惯positive/negative electrode [ˈpɔzətiv]/ [ˈnegətiv][ɪˈlektrəʊd]正/负电极deaf [def]adj. 聋的blind [blaind]adj.盲sign language [sain][ˈlæŋgwidʒ]n.手语，符号语音ideomotor action [ˌaidiəˈməutə][ˈækʃən]n.意识，观念运动adult [əˈdʌlt]n.成年人old people[əuld] [ˈpi:pl]=the aged[ði:] [eidʒd]=elderly people [ˈeldəli] [ˈpi:pl]=senior citizens [ˈsi:niə][ˈsitizənz]老年人young people [jʌŋ] [ˈpi:pl] n.年轻人kid [kid]n.儿童teenager [ˈti:neidʒə]n.十三至十九岁的人baby[ˈbeibi]=infant [ˈinfənt]=nursling[ˈnəːsliŋ]n.婴儿child amnesia [tʃaild][æmˈni:ziə] n儿童健忘症，记忆缺失cognitive capacity[ˈkɔgnitiv] [kəˈpæsiti]n.认知能力cognition [kɔɡˈniʃən]n.认识intuitive[inˈtju:itiv]adj.直觉的maze[meiz]n.迷宫egocentric [ˌi:gəuˈsentrik]adj.自我中心的；利己主义的subjective [səbˈdʒektiv]adj.主观的objective[ɔbˈdʒektiv]adj.客观的hypotheses[haiˈpɔθisis]n.假定；臆测distracted [diˈstrækt]adj.心烦意乱的questionnaire[ˌkwestʃəˈneə]n.问卷Archimedes [ˌɑːkiˈmiːdiːz]n.阿基米德psychoanalysis[ˌsaikəuəˈnælisis]n.精神分析curiosity [ˌkjuəriˈɔsiti]n.好奇心conscience[ˈkɔnʃəns]n.道德心，良心identity [aiˈdentiti]n.身份；同一性abnormal [æbˈnɔ:məl]adj.反常的disadvantage [ˌdisədˈvɑ:ntidʒ]n.缺点generous[ˈdʒenərəs]adj.慷慨的，大方obsession [əbˈseʃən]n.困扰mental processes: [ˈmentl] [ˈprəuses]n.心理历程behaviorism[bɪˈheɪvɪərɪz(ə)m]n.行为主义muscle [ˈmʌsəl]n.肌肉mature [məˈtjuə]vt.使成熟labyrinth [ˈlæbərinθ]n.迷宫fame [feim]n.名声，名望经济学Economics商业Businessprosper[ˈprɔspə]vi.繁荣The dotcom crash[ðə][dɒtˈkɒm][kræʃ]n.互联网泡沫out of business 歇业，破产.irrational [iˈræʃənəl]adj.不理性的boom and bust [bu:m] [ænd][bʌst] 繁荣与萧条industry [ˈindəstri]n.产业，工业native to [ˈneitiv][tu]原产至hail from [heil][frɔm]来自于，出产于remote mountainous region [riˈməut] [ˈmauntinəs] [ˈri:dʒən]n.偏远山区nomad [ˈnəumæd]n.游牧民merchant [ˈmə:tʃənt]n.商人diplomat [ˈdipləmæt]n.外交官tulip mania [ˈtju:lip][ˈmeiniə]n.狂热gardening=horticulture [ˈɡɑːdnɪŋ]=[ˈhɔ:tiˌkʌltʃə]n.园艺disposable income [di'spəuzəbl] [ˈinkʌm] -money [ˈmʌni]n.可支配收入luxury [ˈlʌkʃəri]n.奢侈品commodity[kəˈmɔditi]n.商品specimen [ˈspesəmən]n.样本variation [ˌveəriˈeiʃən]n.变种gold[gəuld]n.金子（区：goal目标）promissory note [ˈprɔmisəri][nəut]n.本票guarantee [ˌgærənˈti:]v.担保speculation [ˌspekjuˈleiʃən]n.投机profit [ˈprɔfit]n.利润revenue[ˈrevinju:]=income [ˈinkʌm]n.收入cost[kɔst]n.成本borrowing [ˈbɔrəuiŋ]n.借款mortgage [ˈmɔ:gidʒ]n./vt.抵押auction [ˈɔ:kʃən]n./vt.拍卖bidder [ˈbidə]n.投标者Panic [ˈpænik]n.恐慌collapse[kəˈlæps]n./vt.崩溃service[ˈsə:vis]n.服务product[ˈprɔdʌkt]n.产品potential customer[pəˈtenʃəl][ˈkʌstəmə]n.潜在客户media [ˈmi:diə]=communication[kəˌmju:niˈkeiʃən]n.媒体advertisement [ədˈvə:tismənt]n.广告adman [ˈædmæn]n.广告人advertising plan[ˈædvətaiziŋ][plæn]n.广告策划billboard[ˈbilbɔːd]n.公告牌target age group [ˈtɑ:git][eidʒ] [gru:p]n.目标年龄群market research/survey [ˈmɑ:kit] [riˈsə:tʃ]/[ˈsə:vei]市场调查tax [tæks]n.税金client[ˈklaiənt]n.客户commercial [kəˈmə:ʃəl]adj.商业的；营利的monetary [ˈmʌnitəri]adj.货币的，财政的infrastructure [ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə]n.基础设施out of work [aut] [əv, ə, ɔv] [wə:k]n.失业collaborate[kəˈlæbəreit]vi.合作；协作industry cluster:[ˈindəstri][ˈklʌstə]n.产业集群skilled labor [skild][ˈleibə]n.熟练工人Great Depression [greit][diˈpreʃən]n.大萧条mass communications[mæs][kəˌmju:niˈkeiʃənz]大众传播工具industrial revolution [inˈdʌstriəl] [ˌrevəˈlu:ʃən]n.工业革命，产业革命slogan [ˈsləugən]n.标语；呐喊声brand=trademark[brænd]=[ˈtreidmɑ:k]n.品牌，商标urbanization [ˌəːbənaiˈzeiʃən]n.都市化bureaucracy[bjuˈrɔkrəsi]n.官僚主义社会学：SociologyMeme[mi:m]n.文化基因longevity[lɔnˈdʒeviti]n.寿命fecundity[fiˋkʌndətɪ]n.繁殖力，复制能力fidelity[fiˈdeliti]n.保真度，精准美国政府the United States Governmentfifty states 55个州the Federal[ðə][ˈfedərəl]n.联邦federal subsidy[ˈfedərəl] [ˈsʌbsidi]=financial assistance[fəˈnænʃəl][əˈsistəns]n.财政资助//补贴the Second World War 第二次世界大战the National Endowment for the Artsfoundation[ðə][ˈnæʃən(ə)l][inˈdaumənt] [fə] [ðə][ɑːts]n.美国艺术基金会foundation[faunˈdeiʃən]=fund[fʌnd]n.基金会council[ˈkaunsəl]n.委员会tax incentive [tæks][inˈsentiv]n.税收优惠patron[ˈpeitrən]=sponsor[ˈspɔnsə]n.赞助人annual budget[ˈænjuəl][ˈbʌdʒit]n.年度预算C: 理科—Life Science生命科学Nobel Prize[nəu'bel] [praiz] n. 贝尔奖考过的动物：alligator [ˈæligeitə]= crocodile[ˈkrɔkədail]n.鳄鱼anthropoid [ˈænθrəpɔid]a.类人猿的ant[ænt]n.蚂蚁baboon [bə'bu:n]n.狒狒bat[bæt]n.蝙蝠bear[bɛə]vt.熊beaver[ˈbi:və]n.海狸bison ['baisn] n.美洲野牛buffalo[ˈbʌfələu]n.水牛cattle[ˈkætl]n.牛chimpanzee[ˌtʃimpænˈzi:]n.黑猩猩chipmunk[ˈtʃipmʌŋk]n.花栗鼠clam[klæm]n.蛤cockroach['kɔkrəutʃ] n.蟑螂colubrid[ˈkɑləbrɪd, ˈkɑljə-]n.无毒蛇类coral[ˈkɔrəl]n.珊瑚crab[kræb]n.螃蟹crow [krəu]n.乌鸦camel [ˈkæməl]n.骆驼deer[diə]n.鹿zebra[ˈzi:brə, ˈze:-]n.斑马dinosaur[ˈdainəsɔ:]n.恐龙dolphin[ˈdɔlfin]n.海豚eagle[ˈi:gl]n.鹰eel [i:l]n.鳗鱼elephant[ˈelifənt]n.大象fly [flai]n.苍蝇frog[frɔg]n.青蛙hawk[hɔ:k]n.鹰hippopotamuses[ˌhipəˈpɔtəməs] =hippo['hipəu]n.河马hummingbird [ˈhʌmiŋbə:d]n.蜂鸟kangaroo[ˌkæŋgəˈru:]n.袋鼠lions[ˈlaiən]n.狮子lizard[ˈlizəd]n.蜥蜴mammoth[ˈmæməθ]n.猛犸象，长毛象Marmot ['mɑ:mət]n.土拨鼠meerkat['miəkæt]n.猫鼬mosquito[məsˈki:təu]n.蚊子moth [mɔθ]n.飞蛾octopus['ɔktəpəs]n.章鱼otter[ˈɔtə]n.水獭owl[aul]n.猫头鹰penguin [ˈpeŋgwin]n.企鹅pigeon[ˈpidʒin]n.鸽子rabbit[ˈræbit]n.兔子rat [ræt] =mouse [maus]（复数mice）n.鼠reptile[ˈreptail]n.爬行动物rhinoceros [rai'nɔsərəs]n.犀牛rodent[ˈrəudənt]n.啮齿动物shrimp[ʃrimp]n.虾snail[sneil]n.蜗牛snake[sneik]n.蛇squirrel[ˈskwirəl]n.松鼠starfish[ˈstɑrˌfɪʃ]n.海星termite[ˈtə:mait]n.白蚁Tyrannosaurus rex [taiˌrænə'sɔ:rəs] [reks]n.霸王龙venomous snake[ˈvenəməs][sneik]n.有毒的蛇whale[hweil]n.鲸鱼wolf[wulf]n.狼考过的植物：algae ['ældʒi:]n.藻类birch[ˈbə:tʃ]n.桦树cactus [ˈkæktəs]n.仙人掌corn[kɔ:n] =maize [meiz]n.玉米crop[krɔp]n.农作物deciduous tree [diˈsidjuəs]a.落叶/阔叶树eucalyptus[ˌju:kəˈliptəs]n.桉树fungi. ['fʌŋgai]n.真菌；菌类；蘑菇fungus[ˈfʌŋgəs]n真菌，菌类grain [grein]n.谷物lichen [ˈlaikən]n.地衣；青苔maple [ˈmeipəl]n.枫树moss [mɔs]n.青苔，藓类Nightshade family ['naitʃeid] [ˈfæməli]n.茄科oak[əuk]n.橡树onion [ˈʌnjən]n.洋葱paleontology [ˌpæliəuˈliθik]a.古生物pine needle [ˈni:dl] [pain]n.松叶/松针potato [pəˈteitəu]n.土豆spartina [spɑ:’tainə]n.大米草（盐滩）tomato [təˈmɑ:təu]n.番茄tulips[ˈtju:lip, ˈtu:-]n.郁金香vegetation[ˌvedʒiˈteiʃən]n.植物Animal Behavior:动物行为passive [ˈpæsiv] a.被动的/enactive [i'næktiv] a.主动的habitat selection [ˈhæbitæt] [siˈlekʃən]n.栖息地选择agent[ˈeidʒənt]n.中介prime [praim] a. 首要的，最好的/ secondary [ˈsekəndəri, -deri] a.次要的，第二的habitat [ˈhæbitæt]n.息地mate[meit]n.交配reproduce[ˌri:prəˈdju:s]v.繁殖breed[bri:d]n.品种offspring [ˈɔfˌspriŋ]n.后代organism[ˈɔ:gənizəm]n.有机物，微生物species[ˈspi:ʃi:z]n.物种survival[səˈvaivəl]n.生存insect [ˈinsekt]n.昆虫camouflage [ˈkæməflɑ:ʒ]vt.伪装predator-prey [ˈpredətə] -[prei]捕食者—被捕食者lags eggs[ˈli:kɪdʒz]下蛋beach[bi:tʃ]n.海滩fledglings[ˈfledʒliŋ]n.雏鸟hatchling ['hætʃliŋ]n.刚孵化的幼体larva [ˈlɑ:və]n.幼虫recreate['rekrieit]v.再建（栖息地）shrub [ʃrʌb] = bush[brʌʃ]灌木丛underneath[ˌʌndəˈni:θ]n.下面higher[ˈhaiə] a.较高/ lower [ˈləuə]a.较低population density [ˌpɔpjuˈleiʃən] [ˈdensiti]n.人口密度mating ritual ['meitiŋ] [ˈritʃuəl]求偶仪式grooming ['gru:miŋ]n.整理（羽毛）enemy [ˈenimi]n.敌人irrelevant [iˈrelivənt]a.不切题，不相关inappropriate [ˌinə'prəupriit] adj.不恰当.displacement [disˈpleismənt]n.取代，换位drive[draiv] =urge[ə:dʒz]n.驱动，驱动因素，强烈的愿望stimulus [ˈstimjuləs]n.刺激feather[ˈfeðə] n.羽毛horizontal [ˌhɔriˈzɔntl]a.水平的vertical[ˈvə:tikəl]a.垂直的circumstance [ˈsə:kəmstəns] = environment[inˈvaiərənmənt]n.环境适应：Adaptationburrow [ˈbʌrəu]n.洞穴microclimate['maikrəuˌklaimit]n.小气候dehydrate[ˌdi:ˈhaidreit]vi.脱水cold [kəuld] /warm[wɔ:m] blood animal[blʌd] [ˈæniməl]n.冷/热血动物hibernation[ˌhaibəˈneiʃən]n.冬眠herb [hə:b]n.草本植物territorial[ˌteriˈtɔ:riəl]a.领地的edible[ˈedəbl]a.可食的ceremony[ˈseriməni]n.仪式，典礼greeting[ˈgri:tiŋ]n.打招呼the weather [ðə, ði:] [ˈweðə] =climate [ˈklaimit] n.气候harsh[hɑ:ʃə] a.（气候）恶劣的individual [ˌindiˈvidʒuəl]n.个体，个人primitive [ˈprimitiv]a.远古的cluster[ˈklʌstəz]n.串，簇；群，组vi.群集，丛生colonize [ˈkɔlənaiz]vt.殖民colonist [ˈkɔlənist] /colonizer['kɔlənaizə]n.殖民者flowering tree [ˈflauəri:iŋ][tri:]n.会开花的树leaf [li:f]（leaves复）n.叶子seed [si:d]n.种子root[ru:t]n.根stem [stem]n.茎soak up [sok ʌp]v.吸收germinate [ˈdʒə:mineit]vi.发芽.photosynthesis[ˌfəutəuˈsinθəsis]n.光合作用photolysis[fəu'tɔlisis]n.光解作用respiration[ˌrespəˈreiʃən]n.呼吸作用进化:Evalutionevolve [iˈvɔlv]v.(使)演变，进化evolution[ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃən]n.演变，进化evolutionary[ˌi:və'lu:ʃnəri]adj.进化的mammal[ˈmæməl]n.哺乳动物land creature [lænd] [ˈkri:tʃə]陆地生物creature [ˈkri:tʃə] n.生物the missing link [ðə, ði:] [ˈmisiŋ][liŋk]n.进化缺环skull [skʌl]n.头骨aquatic [əˈkwætik]a.水栖fossil [ˈfɔsəl]n.化石Latin [ˈlætin]n.拉丁four limbs [fɔ:][limz]n.四肢tail [teil]n.尾巴skeletal ['skelitl]adj.骨骼descendant[diˈsendənt]n.后代ancestry [ˈænsəstri, ˈænsestri] =ancestor[ˈænsəstə]n.祖先tooth [tu:θ] -teeth[ti:θ]n.牙齿toothless [ˈtuθlɪs]adj.无齿的sperm [spə:m]n.精子交流：Communicationinfrasound ['infrəsaund]n.次声acoustic spectrum[əˈku:stik] [ˈspektrəm]n.声谱ultrasound ['ʌltrəsaund] n.超声波.ultrasonic pulse [ðə, ði:] [ˌʌltrə'sɔnik] [pʌlsiz]n.脉冲high frequency sounds [hai][ˈfri:kwənsi] [saundz]n.频率echolocation [ˌekəuləu'keiʃən]n.回声定位self-explanatory [self]- [ˌekspləˈneiʃən]n.自我解释，不言自明pitch [pitʃ]n.音调sound waves [saund] [ˈweivz]n.声波ground clutter [graund] [ˈklʌtə]n.地面杂乱回波acoustic [əˈku:stik]a.声学，听觉的reflection [riˈflekʃən]n.反射sophisticated radar [səˈfistikeitid] [ˈreidɑ:]n.精细的雷达navigation [ˌnæviˈgeiʃən]n.航海orientation [ˌɔ:riənˈteiʃən]n.定位vision [ˈviʒən]n.视力wing [wiŋ]n.翅膀object [ˈɔbdʒiktˌəbˈdʒekt]n.物体生物工程DNADNA 脱氧核糖核酸enzyme [ˈenzaim]n.酶chromosomes [ˈkrəuməsəumz]n.染色体telomerase[tə'lɔməreiz]n.端粒酶（核糖体蛋白酶）.gene [dʒi:n]n.基因，遗传因子genetic code [dʒiˈnetik][kəud]n.基因代码laboratory [ləˈbɔrətəri]n.实验室nerve cells [nə:v] [selz]n.神经细胞skin cells[skin] [selz]n.皮肤细胞renewing [ri'nju:iŋ]n.更新organ [ˈɔ:gən]n.器官tissue[ˈtiʃu:, -sju:]n.组织sequences [ˈsi:kwənsiz]n.序列genic mutation ['dʒenik][mju:ˈteiʃən]n.基因突变其他：amphibian[æmˈfibiən]n.两栖动物digestion [diˈdʒestʃən]n.消化herbivore ['hə:biˌvɔ:]n.食草动物hormone[ˈhɔ:məun]n.激素，荷尔蒙insecticide [in'sektisaid]n.杀虫剂，农药omnivorous[amˈnivərəs]a.杂食的pesticide [ˈpestisaid]n.农药| 杀虫剂zoology [zəuˈɔlədʒi]n.动物学vitamin[ˈvitəmin, vai-]n.维生素，维他命Symbiosis [ˌsimbiˈəusis]n.共生，共生关系speciology [ˌspi:ʃi'ɔlədʒi]n.物种学secretion [siˈkri:ʃən]n.分泌，分泌物ruminant [ˈru:minənt]n.反刍动物heredity: [hiˈrediti]n.遗传，遗传性herbivorous: [hə:ˈbivərəs]a.食草的，草食的entomology [ˌentəˈmɔlədʒi]n.昆虫学compound eye [kəmˈpaund] [ai]n.复眼immune system [iˈmju:n] [ˈsistəm]n.免疫系统antibiotic [ˌæntibaiˈɔtik]n.抗生素pregnant [ˈpregnənt]a.怀孕的prairie [ˈpreəri]n.大草原；牧场ranch [rɑ:ntʃ]n.大农场；大牧场wither[ˈwiðə]v.凋谢metabolism [məˈtæbəlizəm]n.新陈代谢crossbreed ['krɔ:sbri:d] v.（使）杂交marsh[mɑ:ʃ]n.沼泽；湿地meadow[ˈmedəu]n.草地；牧场malnutrition [ˌmælnjuˈtriʃən]n.营养不良，营养不足jungle [ˈdʒʌŋgəl]n.热带丛林parasitic [ˌpærəˈsitik]a.寄生的，寄生虫的osmosis[ɔzˈməusis]n.渗透，渗透作用strengthen [ˈstreŋθən, ˈstrenθən]vt.加强rust[rʌst]v.(使)生锈rhizome ['raizəum]n.根茎，根状茎，地下茎decaffeinated [di:'kæfineitid]adj.不含咖啡因讲座场景D—理科—Physical Science 自然科学天文:Astronomydeparture point [diˈpɑ:tʃə] [pɔint]n.出发点，启程点advanced navigational tools [ədˈvɑ:nst][ˌnævə'geiʃnəl][tu:lz] = instruments[ˈinstrumənt]n. 先进的导航设备ambient Light ['æmbiənt][lait]n.环境光ancient civilization [ˈeinʃənt] [ˌsivilaiˈzeiʃən] n.古文明angle[ˈæŋgəl]n.角度reference points [ˈrefərəns][pɔint]n.参照点，参考点asteroid belt [ˈæstərɔid] [belts]n.小行星带astronaut[ˈæstrənɔ:t]n.宇航员astronomer[əˈstrɔnəmə]n.天文学家astronomical units [ˌæstrəˈnɔmikəl] [ˈju:nits]n.天文单位（距离）atmospheric [ˌætməsˈferik]a.大气的average depth [ˈævəridʒ][depθ]n.深度backward[ˈbækwəd]a.向后的；反向的Calculations[ˌkælkjuˈleiʃənz]n.计算chemical element [ˈkemikəl][ˈelimənt] = composition. [ˌkɔmpəˈziʃən]n.化学成分comet [ˈkɔmit]n.彗星constellation[ˌkɔnstəˈleiʃən]n.星座crater[ˈkreitə]n.火山坑，坑crust [krʌst]n.地壳外壳crystal prism [ˈkristəl] [ˈprizəm]n.水晶棱镜diameter [daiˈæmitə]n.直径dust[dʌst]n.沙尘Electromagnetic radiation [i'lektrəumæg'netik] [ˌreidiˈeiʃən]n.电磁辐射evaporation[iˌvæpəˈreiʃ(ə)n]n.蒸发fingerprint ['fiŋgəˌprint]n.指纹flame reaction[fleim] [riˈækʃən]n.焰色反应footprint[ˈfutˌprint]n.脚印geocentric [dʒi:əˈgræfik]a.地心的/地心论gravitation [ˌgræviˈteiʃən]a.重力，万有引力heliocentric [ˌhi:liəu'sentrik]adj.日心的Helium ['hi:liəm]n.氦气/氦hydrogen[ˈhaidrədʒən]n.氢气，氢image [ˈimidʒ]n.图像infrared ray [ˌinfrəˈred] [rei]n.红外线Law[lɔ:]n.定律；法律albedo [æl'bidəu]n.反照率/反射率Length [leŋθ]n.长度liquid [ˈlikwid]n.液体lubricate[ˈlu:brikeit]vt.润滑lunar=moon [ˈlu:nə] [mu:n]n.月亮mantle[ˈmæntl]n.地幔melted [meltid]adj.融化meteor showers [ˈmi:tiə] [ˈʃauəz]n.流星雨microscopic [ˌmaikrəˈskɔpik]a.微观的/显微镜的mission[ˈmiʃən]n.任务moon[mu:n]n.月亮；卫星multiplying by [ˈmʌltiplai:iŋ] [bai]v.乘NASA: [ˈnæsə]abbr.=National Aeronautics and Space Administration [ˈnæʃən(ə)l][ˌeərəuˈnɔ:tiks] [ænd] [speis][ədˌminisˈtreiʃən](美国)国家航空和宇宙航行局navigational aid [ˌnævə'geiʃnəl] [eid]n.助航设备observation [ˌɔbzəˈveiʃən]n.观察on the far side of the moon n.远月点optical radiation [ˈɔptikəl] [ˌreidiˈeiʃən]n.光辐射orbit [ˈɔ:bit]n.轨道oxygen [ˈɔksidʒən]n.氧气，氧paradox [ˈpærədɔks]n.悖论；似非而是的论点permanent base[ˈpə:mənənt] [beis]n.永久基地phases of the Moon [feiz][əv][ðə, ði:][mu:n] n.月相phenomena[fiˈnɔminə]n.现象（phenomenon [fiˈnɔmənən]的复数）planet [ˈplænit]n.行星position [pəˈziʃən]n.位置v.定位，安置practical value [ˈpræktikəl][ˈvælju:]n.实用价值primitive life [ˈprimitiv] [laif]n.原始生命purified['pjuərifaid]adj.净化的putting in a decimal ['putiŋ] [in] [ei] [ˈdesiməl]n.放入小数（除）reflected light [riˈflekʃən] [lait]n.反射光rocket fuel [ˈrɔkit] [fjuəl]n.火箭燃料seafarer[ˈsi:ˌfeəriŋ]n.航海家solar system [ˈsəulə][ˈsistəm]n.太阳系space exploration [speis] [ˌeksplɔ:ˈreiʃən]n.太空探索space probe [speis] [prəub]n.航天/空间探测器space suit [speis] [su:t, sju:t]n.宇航服spacecraft [ˈspeiskrɑ:ft]n.太空飞船space ship[speis] [ʃip] /shuttle [ˈʃʌtl] space[speis]n.太空spectral lines of light [ˈspektrəl] [lain] [əv, ə, ɔv] [lait]n.光谱线。

托福TPO听力高频词（持续添加版）新托福听力场景汇总之LECTURE篇1.生物学antibody抗体to某in毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungu真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection 传染/感染microorganim/microbe微生物viru病毒difection消毒terilization灭菌biology生物学marinebiology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetic 遗传学peciology物种学paraitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologit古生物学家dinoaur恐龙dieout/e某tinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的cuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/跳水one-celledorganim单细胞有机体tiue（动植物细胞的）组织protectivecamouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanicnail蜗牛animaladaptation动物适应性urvivalofthefittet适者生存originofpecie物种起源wildenvironment野生环境inecticide杀虫剂prenatalcare 产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tinyreceptor接收器nerve/pecimen物种amphibian两栖类动物declineinthenumber数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangeredpecie濒危动物urvival活着的tranition转变/过渡microbe 微生物yeat酵母（菌）bacteria细菌ingle-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化net巢offpring子孙chewup咀嚼unfertilizedegg未受精卵nutrient营养品nourihment营养品/食物feed喂养cannibalim同类相食repiration呼吸ingetion摄食digetion消化digetiveenzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleu细胞核cytoplam细胞质plamalemma/cellmembrane细胞膜cellwall细胞壁protein蛋白质aminoacid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutationofpecie物种变异chromoome染色体geneticengineering遗传工程olitary独居ocial群居bio-diverity生物多样性metamorphoi变态/变形mutation变种variation变异2.动物学消化管eophagu食管tomach胃mallintetine小肠largeintetine大肠anu肛门digetivegland消化腺alivarygland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancrea胰quirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠queak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗mooe驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinocero犀牛hippo河马loth树懒lothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪alamander蝾螈corpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen/crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤tork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴inect昆虫wap黄蜂hornet大黄蜂pider蜘蛛pet害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉manti螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna/tentacle触须larva幼虫3.海洋生物学jellyfih水母nettlefih海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼hrimp小虾prawn对虾lobter龙虾crab螃蟹muel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyter牡蛎ponge海绵tarfih海星quid鱿鱼；乌贼burro/octopu章鱼ole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼4.植物学botany植物学botanical/botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquaticplant水生植物paraiteplant寄生植物root根canopy树冠层/顶棚foliage/leaf叶leaflet小叶roette（叶的）丛生tem茎talk杆leaftalk叶柄hoot/prout嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel/kin果皮hell（硬）果壳huk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原moe苔藓hrub/buh灌木cluter一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horetail木贼类植物clubmoe石松类植物herb草photoynthei光合作用chlorophyll叶绿素ymbioi共生ymbiotic共生的wither/hrivel/fade凋谢bloom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tiue组织organ器官ytem 系统eed种子everlating永久的crobreed杂交rootpreure根压bore腔/肠coheion-tenion凝聚压力column花柱necroi坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate(tarch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucoe葡萄糖tarch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin维他命malnourihed营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifertree针叶树larch落叶松pine松树pruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松equoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plumbloom梅花orchid兰花chryanthemum菊花waterlily荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花roe玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jamine茉莉花helianthu/heliotrope/unflower向日葵camellia茶花corn/maize/mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat小麦rye黑麦barley大麦oat燕麦5.气象学meteorology气象meteorologit气象学家meteorologicaltation气象站forecat/predict预报climate气候atmophere大气层tropophere 对流层tratophere平流层meophere中间层ionophere电离层e某ophere逸散层coldfront冷锋warmairma热气团current（气）流moiture潮湿，水气pell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp/moit/humid潮湿humidity湿度moiture潮湿/水分aturate饱和dew露frot霜fog/mit雾mog烟雾droplet小水condene浓缩crytal水晶体heet（水、冰、雪的）一层downpour/torrentialrain大雨tempet(torm)/torrentialrain暴风雨drizzle细雨hower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard/nowtorm暴风雪avalanche/nowlide雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水thunder雷breeze微风andtorm沙暴monoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado/twiter/cyclone龙卷风windcale风级tunami/eimiceawave海啸tidalwave潮汐；浪潮upperatmophere上层大气funnel漏斗云diater/calamity/catatrophe灾难devatation破坏ubmerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流windvelocity风速winddirection风向long-rangeforecat长期预报numericalweatherprediction数值天气预报nephanalyi云层分析；卫星云图6.地质学7.考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropolog人类学archaeologit人类学家pale-anthropologit古人类学家ecologicalanthropologit生态人类学家pychologicalanthropologit心理人类学家originate起源于ancetor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneou 同以种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族e某cavation挖掘e某cavate/unearth挖掘ruin遗迹/废墟remain遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物/文物antique古物/古董antiquity古代/古老StoneAge石器时代BronzeAge青铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Meolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学kull颅骨cranial颅骨的foil化石ancientcivilization古代文明caveman山顶洞人culturalrelic文物rockpainting岩画8.地理学沙丘Lagoon咸水湖9.天文学真空infraredray红外线abolutemagnitude绝对量级emiion发射/散发high-reolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪，干涉仪illuiveobject幻影体faint微弱的image影像gravitationalforce吸引力molten融化的leapyear闰年rotation自传revolution公转blackhole黑洞ultravioletray紫外线luminoity光度lightyear光年10.环保相关ecology生态学ecoytem生态系统balanceofnature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rainforet雨林foodchain食物链acidrain 酸雨greenhoue温室效应infraredradiation红外线辐射ozonelayer/ozonophere臭氧层ultravioletradiation紫外辐射pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空气控制waterpollution 水污染no某iou/to某ic有毒的fume（有毒的）废气wate废物olidwate固体废物ewage/watewater污水ewagepurification污水净化wagedipoal污水处理decibel （噪音）分贝11.能源相关foilfuel矿物燃料proceofphotoynthei光合作用olarenergy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconervation保护能源reource资源energyource能源资源tidalenergy潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的ruhhour高峰期zeroemiion零辐射wildne野生/天然preervation保护atmophere大气carbon碳dio某ide二氧化物burningofcoalandoil煤油燃烧globalwarming全球变暖greenhoueeffect温室效应rieinealevel海平面上升long-termclimaticchange长期的气候变化environmentalrecyclingcenter再循环利用中心litter/trahgarbage垃圾pollutant污染物deertification沙漠化deforet滥伐森林drought 干旱waterhortage水源缺乏offhorepillage近海岸溢出carbondio某idereleae二氧化碳排放indutrialewage工业污水recycling再循环purify净化deteriorate恶化acidrain酸雨ewagedipoal污水处理environmentprotection环境保护ozonelayer臭氧层watedipoal废物处理emiion（汽车废气的）排放oot烟尘ElNio厄尔尼诺现象12.新技术发明相关13.人类学经典的pothumou死后的14.发展史文学muicalintrument乐器orchetra（管弦）乐队hookrattle摇拨浪鼓pounddru击鼓序曲epilogue尾声建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家contruct结构wing辐楼/侧楼deign设计elevator电梯kycraper摩天大楼deignelement设计元素logtructure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型buildingtechnique建筑工艺newmaterial新材料metal-frame金属结构repairperon修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archive档案馆officebuilding写字楼cathedral大教堂moque清真寺thetatueofliberty自由女神像thetriumphalarch凯旋门phin某狮身人面像pyramid金字塔catle城堡美术fineart美术oilpainting油画watercolor水彩画tempera蛋彩画ketch速写/素描patel彩色蜡笔画poter海报/招贴画charcoaldrawing木炭画muralpainting/freco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landcapepainting风景画tilllife静物画portrait肖像画caricature 漫画pigment颜色，色素canva油画布bruh画笔drawingboard画板perpective透视画法original原作copy临本reproduction/replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama全景画calligraphy书法pate裱糊impreionitictyle印象派风格framing 装框culpture雕塑culptor雕塑家figurine小雕像but半身雕塑像tatue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家a某ophonit萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色。

1, access ['ækses,]vt. 使用2, database ['deitəbeis]n. 数据库，资料库3, type [taip]vi. 打字4, review [ri'vju:]n. 评论5, interpretation [in,tə:pri'teiʃən]n. 解释6, reserve [ri'zə:v]n. 储备7, reference ['refərəns]n. 参考8, come up 发生9, take a while 需要一段时间10, definitely ['definitli]adv. 肯定地11, durable ['djuərəbl]adj. 持久的12, skim [skim]vt. 撇去…的浮物13, option ['ɔpʃən]n. 选择权14, abstract ['æbstrækt]n. 摘要15, down [daun]adv. 向下16, contemporary [kən'tempərəri]adj. 当代的17, scene [si:n]n. 情景；景象18, landscape ['lændskeip]n. 风景19, brushstroke n. 一笔；绘画技巧20, canvas ['kænvəs]n. 帆布面21, impressionist n. 印象派画家22, thickly ['θikli]adv. 厚地；浓地23, painter ['peintə]n. 画家24, sum up 总结25, depict [di'pikt]vt. 描述26, separately ['sepəritli]adv. 分离地27, since [sins]conj. 因为28, exhibit [iɡ'zibit]n. 展览品29, gallery ['ɡæləri]n. 画廊30, complete [kəm'pli:t]vt. 完成31, relatively ['relətivli]adv. 相当地32, impressionism [im'preʃənizəm]n. 印象主义33, discouraged [dis'kʌridʒd]adj. 气馁的34, work [wə:k]n. 音乐或艺术作品35, fair [fεə]n. 市集37, portrait ['pɔ:trit]n. 肖像38, agency ['eidʒənsi]n. 代理39, fine [fain]adj. 好的40, accessible [ək'sesəbl]adj. 可理解的41, instructor [in'strʌktə]n. 指导者42, illustration [,ilə'streiʃən]n. 说明43, broad [brɔ:d]n. adj. 宽的44, thick [θik]adj. 厚的；浓的45, zigzagging n. 之字形运动；锯齿形运动46, vibrant ['vaibrənt]adj. 充满生气的47, chaotic [kei'ɔtik]adj. 混沌的48, appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit]vt. 欣赏49, hint [hint]n. 暗示50, peek [pi:k]n. 一瞥51, wrap [ræp]vt.隐藏52, mess up 搞糟53, suff [sʌf] 材料54, pumpkin ['pʌmpkin, 'pʌŋ-]n. 南瓜55, depiction [di'pikʃən]n. 描写56, subject ['sʌbdʒikt]n. 主题57, idealized adj. 理想化的58, blanket ['blæŋkit]n. 毛毯59, hall [hɔ:l]n. 门厅60, observe [əb'zə:v]vi. 观察61, posture ['pɔstʃə]n. 姿势62, element ['elimənt]n. 元素63, cattle ['kætl]n.牛64, remind [ri'maind]vt. 提醒65, bleak [bli:k]adj. 冷酷的；单调的66, fence ['fens]n. 栅栏67, foreground ['fɔ:ɡraud]n. 前景；最显著的位置68, overall ['əuvərɔ:l, ,əuvə'rɔ:l]adv. 全部地；总的说来69, impression [im'preʃən]n. 印象70, pinkish ['piŋkiʃ]adj. 略带桃色的；较为激进的71, blurry ['blə:ri]adj. 模糊的72, aspect ['æspekt]n.方面73, stress [stres]n. 压力1, approach [ə'prəutʃ] n. 方法；途径2, elementary [,eli'mentəri]adj. 基本的3, goal [ɡəul]n. 目标4, in particular 尤其，特别5, astronomy [ə'strɔnəmi]n. 天文学6, unit ['ju:nit]n. 单位，单元7, master ['mɑ:stə, 'mæstə] n.主人 vt. 控制8, interdisciplinary [,intə'disiplinəri]adj. 各学科间的9, mythology [mi'θɔlɔdʒi]n. 神话10, solar ['səulə]adj. 太阳的11, system ['sistəm]n. 制度12, god n. 神13, chose [tʃəuz]n. 选择（choose 的过去式）14, oral ['ɔ:rəl, 'ɔ-]n. 口试15, grade [ɡreid]n. 年级16, plus [plʌs]prep. 加17, then [ðen] conj. 然后n. 那时18, apply [ə'plai]vt. 申请；应用19, rough [rʌf]adj. 粗糙的20, right [rait]adv. 正确地；恰当地21, kind of 有点儿；有几分22, no matter what 无论什么23, determine [di'tə:min]vt. 决定24, technique [tek'ni:k]n. 技巧25, formation [fɔ:'meiʃən]n. 形成；构造26, analysis [ə'næləsis]n. 分析27, fundamental [,fʌndə'mentəl]n. 基本原理28, canyon ['kænjən]n. 峡谷29, sandstone ['sændstəun]n. 砂岩；沙岩30, solidified [sə'lidəfaid]adj. 凝固的31, sample ['sɑ:mpl, 'sæ-]n. 例子32, grain [ɡrein]n. 粮食；纹理33, molten ['məultən]adj. 熔化的（molt的过去分词）34, magma ['mæɡmə]n. 岩浆35, entirely [in'taiəli] adv. 完全地，彻底地36, volcano [vɔl'keinəu]n. 火山37, larva ['lɑ:və]n. 幼虫38, contain [kən'tein]vt. 包含39, radioactive [,reidiəu'æktiv]adj. 放射性的；有辐射的40, zircon ['zə:kɔn]n. [矿物] 锆石41, flow [fləu]n. 流动42, end up 结束；死亡43, obvious ['ɔbviəs]adj. 明显的44, already [ɔ:l'redi]adv. 已经45, refinement [ri'fainmənt]n. 提纯46, uranium [ju'reiniəm]n. [化学] 铀47, lead [[li:d], [led]]n. 铅48, flatten out 变平49, fairly ['fεəli]adv. 相当地50, vast [vɑ:st, væst]adj.巨大的51, wisdom ['wizdəm]n. 智慧52, conventional [kən'venʃənəl]adj. 传统的53, regular ['reɡjulə]adj. 定期的；有规律的54, recent ['ri:sənt]adj. 最近的；近代的55, part [pɑ:t] n. 部分vt.分开56, kilometer ['kiləumi:tə]n. [计量] 公里57, within [wi'ðin, wi'θin]prep. 在…之内58, particle ['pɑ:tikl]n. 颗粒59, measure ['meʒə]n. 测量；措施60, amount [ə'maunt]n. 数量61, match [mætʃ]n. 比赛，匹配62, establish [i'stæbliʃ]vt. 建立63, granite ['ɡrænit]n. 花岗岩64, assumption [ə'sʌmpʃən]n. 假定65, efficient [i'fiʃənt]adj. 有效率的66, accurate ['ækjurət]adj. 精确的67, predict [pri'dikt]vi. 作出预言68, method ['meθəd]n. 方法69, split [split]vt. 分离70, conclusively [kən'klu:sivli]adv. 最后地；决定性地71, evidence ['evidəns]n. 证据72, continent ['kɔntinənt]n. 大陆73, possibility [,pɔsə'biləti]n. 可能性74, archeology [,ɑ:ki'ɔlədʒi]n. 考古学75, agriculture ['æɡrikʌltʃə]n. 农业76, concentrate ['kɔnsəntreit]vi. 集中77, physical ['fizikəl] 身体的78, remain [ri'mein]vi. 留下79, layout ['leiaut]n. 布局；设计80, excavation [,ekskə'veiʃən]n. 挖掘，发掘81, bury ['beri]vt. 埋葬；隐藏82, ancestor ['ænsestə]n. 始祖83, violent ['vaiələnt]adj. 暴力的84, attack [ə'tæk]n. 攻击85, grave [ɡreiv]n. 墓穴86, indicate ['indikeit]vt. 指出87, burial ['beriəl]n. 埋葬88, site [sait]n. 地点89, soot [su:t, sut]n. 烟灰90, plaster ['plɑ:stə, 'plæs-]vt. 涂以灰泥91, decorate ['dekəreit]vt. 装饰92, ash [æʃ]n. 灰；灰烬93, chimney ['tʃimni]n. 烟囱94, hatchway ['hætʃwei]n. 天窗95, storage ['stɔridʒ]n. 存储96, ladder ['lædə]n. 阶梯97, diagonal [dai'æɡənəl]n. 对角线98, hearth [hɑ:θ]n. 灶台99, rectangular ['rek'tæŋɡjulə]adj. 矩形的100, flake [fleik]vi. 剥落101, impressive [im'presiv]adj. 给人以深刻印象的102, obsidian [ɔb'sidiən, əb-]n. 黑曜石103, settlement ['setlmənt]n. 解决104, inhabitant [in'hæbitənt]n. 居民；居住者105, access ['ækses]n. 通路106, artifact ['ɑ:tifækt]n. 人工制品107, clue [klu:]n. 线索108, speculate ['spekjuleit]vi. 推测109, scene [si:n]n. 景象110, cereal ['siəriəl]n. 谷类111, religious [ri'lidʒəs]adj. 宗教的112, adapt [ə'dæpt]vi. 适应114, marmot ['mɑ:mət]n. [脊椎] 旱獭，[脊椎] 土拨鼠115, squirrel ['skwə:rəl]n. 松鼠116, average ['ævəridʒ]n. 平均117, environment [in'vaiərənmənt]n. 环境118, roughly ['rʌfli]adv. 粗糙地119, weather ['weðə]n. 天气120, field ['fi:ld]n. 领域121, edible ['edibl]n. 食品122, mature [mə'tjuə]adj. 成熟的123, as if 犹如，好似124, offspring ['ɔfspriŋ, 'ɔ:-]n. 后代125, separate ['sepəreit, 'sepərit]n. 分开126, mate [meit]vi. 交配127, hibernation [,haibə'neiʃən]n. 冬眠128, territorial [,teri'tɔ:riəl]adj. 领土的129, ritual ['ritjuəl, -tʃu-]n. 仪式130, emerge [i'mə:dʒ]vi. 暴露131, impersonal [im'pə:sənəl]adj. 客观的132, availability [ə,veilə'biləti] n. 可用性133, refer to 参考134, loner ['ləunə]n. 孤独的人135, herb [hə:b, ə:b]n. 香草，药草136, frost [frɔst]n. 霜137, vegetative ['vedʒitətiv] adj. 植物的138, temperate ['tempərit]adj. 温和的139, reside [ri'zaid]vt. 住140, region ['ri:dʒən]n. 地区141, last [lɑ:st, læst] vi. 持续142, behavioral [bi'heivjərəl]adj. 行为的143, rodent ['rəudənt]n. 啮齿动物144, habitat ['hæbitæt]n. 栖息地145, portion ['pɔ:ʃən, 'pəu-]n. 部分146, subject ['sʌbdʒikt, -dʒe-, səb'dʒekt]n. 主题147, physically ['fizikli]adv. 身体上，身体上地148, survival [sə'vaivəl]n. 幸存149, harsh [hɑ:ʃ]adj 粗糙的150, nurture ['nə:tʃə] vt. 养育151, increase [in'kri:s, 'inkri:s]n. 提高152, cooperation [kəu,ɔpə'reiʃən]n. 合作153, inhabit [in'hæbit]vt. 栖息154, aggressive [ə'ɡresiv]adj. 侵略性的155, greeting ['ɡri:tiŋ]n. 问候156, bizarre [bi'zɑ:]adj. 奇异的157, ceremony ['seriməuni]n. 典礼158, meadow ['medəu]n. 草地；牧场159, rely on 依靠，依赖。

托福听⼒TPO词汇⼤全【精品推荐】⽬录学科词汇---Art (5)TPO1 L1 (Contemporary Art) (5)TPO3 L2 (Film History) (5)TPO3 L3 (Art History) (6)TPO7 L1 (Theater History) (6)TPO8 L2 (Art History) (7)TPO9 L1 (Theater) (7)TPO12 L3 (Music History) (8)TPO15 L3 (Art History) (9)TPO16 L2(Music History) (10)TPO16L4(Art History) (11)TPO17L1(Art History) (11)TPO18L2(Art History) (12)TPO19L4(Art History) (13)TPO21L4(Art History) (13)TPO22L4(Music History) (14)TPO23L4(Choreography) (15)TPO24L2(Art History) (15)TPO25 L2(Music History) (16)TPO26 L4(Art Conservation) (17)TPO27 L2 (History of Musical Instruments: Violins) (17)TPO27 L4(Studio Art: Primary Colors ) (17)TPO30 L4 (Music History) (18)TPO31 L1 (Ancient Greek Music & Plato) (18)学科词汇---Literature (18)TPO4 L2 (18)TPO5 L4 (19)TPO6 L3 (Creative Writing) (19)TPO13 L3(Poetry) (20)TPO20 L3(Poetry) (21)学科词汇---Architecture (22)学科词汇---Biology (25)TPO1 L4 (25)TPO2 L2 (botany) (25)TPO8 L1(Animal Behavior) (27)TPO10 L1 (Marine Biology) (28)TPO11 L1 (29)TPO12 L1 (29)TPO14 L2 (30)TPO15 L4 (31)TPO16 L3 (31)TPO17 L4 (32)TPO18 L4 (33)TPO19 L3 (34)TPO20 L4 (35)TPO21L3 (35)TPO22L3 (36)TPO26L2 (37)TPO23 L3 (37)TPO24 L1 (37)TPO25 L1 (38)TPO25L4 (38)TPO27 L1 (38)TPO27 L3 (39)TPO28 L2 (39)TPO28 L3 (40)TPO30 L2 (40)TPO31 L3 (40)TPO32 L2 (41)学科词汇---Environmental Science (41) TPO3 L1 (41)TPO6 L4 (42)TPO13 L2(Ecology) (45) TPO17 L2 (45)TPO20 L2 (46)TPO23 L2 (46)TPO29 L1 (Plant Ecology) (47) TPO32 L3 (Earth science) (47)学科词汇---Astronomy (48) TPO2 L4 (48)TPO3 L4 (48)TPO18 L1 (51)TPO19 L2 (51)TPO21 L1 (52)TPO22 L2 (53)TPO24 L4 (54)TPO26 L3 (55)TPO30 L3 (55)学科词汇---Geology (55) TPO1 L2 (55)TPO4 L3 (56)TPO7 L4 (56)TPO9 L3 (57)TPO15 L2 (58)TPO16 L1 (58)TPO31 L2 (59)学科词汇----Chemistry (59) TPO5 L3 (59)TPO8 L4 (60)学科词汇---Computer (60) TPO21 L2 (60)学科词汇---Archaeology (61) TPO1 L3 (61)TPO29 L3 (64)TPO32 L1 (64)学科词汇---History (65)TPO8 L3 (65)TPO10 L2 (European History) (65) TPO17 L3 (66)TPO18 L3 (European History) (67) TPO25 L3 (68)学科词汇---Psychology (68)TPO2 L1 (68)TPO10 L4 (69)学科词汇---Business (70)TPO6 L1 (70)TPO11 L4 (71)TPO12 L2 (72)TPO26 L1 (72)学科词汇---Anthropology (72) TPO7 L3 (72)TPO22 L1 (73)TPO31L4 (74)学科词汇---Sociology (74)TPO5 L1 (74)学科词汇---Linguistics (75)TPO9 L4 (75)TPO19 L1 (76)TPO20 L1 (76)学科词汇---Philosophy (77)TPO2 L3 (77)TPO28 L1 (77)学科词汇---U.S. Government (77) TPO4 L4 (77)学科词汇---ArtTPO1 L1 (Contemporary Art)assignment n. 任务；功课exhibit n. 展览品gallery n. 画廊realistic[?ri??l?st?k] adj.现实的realism n. 现实主义impressionism n.印象主义depict v. 描述；绘画scenen n. 场景；景⾊thickly[?θ?kl?]adv.厚厚地brushstroke[brzt'r??k] n. 笔触texture n.质地，纹理canvas [?k?nv?s] n.帆布rough adj. 粗糙的，崎岖不平的；landscapes ['l?ndskeip] n. ⼭⽔画，风景，地形bleak adj. 阴冷的；荒凉的blurry adj. 模糊的；污脏的pinkish[?p??k??]adj. 带桃红⾊的foreground[?f?r?ɡra?nd, ?for-]n. 前景；突出的地⽅，最显著的位置barn[bɑrn]n. ⾕仓，粮仓；牲⼝棚cattle[?k?tl]n. （总称）⽜，牲⼝；畜⽣posture n. 姿势；态度depiction n. 描写；叙述unideal ['?nai'di?l]adj. ⾮理想的surrounded[s??raund] adj. 被环绕的pumpkin n. 南⽠zigzag adj. 之字形的；曲折的chaotic [ket?k]adj. 混沌的；⼀⽚混乱的vibrant adj. 振动的；充满⽣⽓的hint n. 暗⽰；线索electric blue 铁蓝⾊peek v. 偷看；窥视accessible[?k'ses?bl] adj. 可到达的，易接近的instructor n. 指导者；教员illustration n. 插图；图解portrait n. 肖像，肖像画TPO3 L2 (Film History)category [?k?t??ɡ?ri, -?ɡori]n.类型，部门，种类hybrid[?ha?br?d]n.混合物；混合词；杂种conform[k?n?f?rm]vi.符合；遵照norm[n??rm]n.标准；规范classify[?kl?s??fa?]vt. 分类，归类fiction[?f?k??n]n.⼩说；虚构pioneer[?pan?r]n.先驱者；创始者aquatic[??kw?t?k]adj.⽔⽣的clip [kl?p]n. (电影、⼴播或电视节⽬的)剪辑，⽚段mollusk[?mɑl?sk]n.软体动物narration[n??re??n]n.叙述，故事portray[p?r?tre]vt.描述；描绘uncanny[?n?k?ni] adj神秘的，不可思议的suspicious[s??sps]adj.可疑的；猜疑的seahorse['si?h??s]n.海马celebrated[?s?l??bret?d]adj.有名的，著名的innovator[ ??n??vet?]n.改⾰者；创新者pretty much（⼀般⽤于⼝语强调）很⼤程度上的fancy[?f?nsi]adj.昂贵的；（构思者）奇特的patch[p?t?]vt.修补，拼凑shallow water浅⽔investigate [?n?v?st??ɡet]vt.调查；审查；研究present[pri?zent] vt.介绍documentarist[?d?kju?ment?rist]n.记实⼩说作者，记录影⽚导演（或制⽚⼈）documentary[?dɑkj??m?nt?ri]n.纪录⽚artistic[ɑr?t?st?k]adj.艺术的；有美感的incorporate [?n?k?rp??ret]vi.包含；吸收；合并；混合a fair question ⼀个好问题catch on 变得流⾏straightforward[stret?f?rw?d]adj.直截了当的；坦率的；明确的circle n.(指朋友或有相同兴趣或职业的⼈组成的)圈⼦，界TPO3 L3 (Art History)origin[??r?d??n] n.起源preserve [pr??z?v]vt.保持，保存cave painting 洞⽳壁画Spain [spen]n.西班⽛dating[?deiti?]n.测定年代pipe up（在沉默了⼀阵之后）开始说话，开始讲话（尤指说出令⼈吃惊或奇怪的事情）primitive[?pr?m?t?v]adj.原始的slide[sla?d]n.幻灯⽚masterpiece[?m?st??pis]n.杰作confirmation[?kɑnf??me??n]n.确认，认可；证实be that as it may（倒装句）=Although it may be that 尽管是那样inhabit[?n?h?b?t]vt.居住penetrate[?p?n??tret]vt.穿透torch[t?rt?]n.⽕把，⽕炬virtually[?v?t?u?li]adv.实际上，实质上perspective[p??sp?kt?v]n. 透视；观点；全景vitality[va??t?l?ti]n.活⼒；⽣⽓depict[d?? p?kt]vt.描绘，描画；描述charcoal[?t?ɑr?kol]⽊炭，⿊炭inaccessible ⽆法进⼊的，不可触及的speculate （尤指学术上的）臆测herbivore[?h?:b??v?r] n.⾷草动物rhinoceros[ra??nɑs?r?s]n.犀⽜mammoth[?m?m?θ]n.[动]猛玛（象）bison[?ba?s?n] n.美洲野⽜half-man-half-bison半⼈半⽜outline[?a?t?la?n]n.轮廓utter[??t?]adj.彻底的，完全的，绝对的sheer[??r]adj.纯粹的sheer beauty纯粹的美，这⾥指仅仅为了美感dim the light 把灯调暗TPO7 L1 (Theater History)Realism[?ri??l?z?m]n.现实主义drama[?drɑm?] n.戏剧，剧本pattern[?p?t?n] n.模式construct[k?n?str?kt]n.构想，构筑，构思(思想、作品、体系等)comedy[?kɑm?di]n.喜剧commercially[k??m?:??l?]adv.商业上dramatic[dr??m?t?k]adj.戏剧的，戏剧性的；引⼈注⽬的；激动⼈⼼的devise[d??va?z]vt.想出，设计formula[?f?rmj?l?]n.公式，准则order[??rd?]n.秩序；规则playwright[?ple?ra?t]n.剧作家backward[?b?kw?d]adj.向后的；反向的exposition [??ksp??zn]n.阐述，讲解lyric quotation台词引注feud[fjud]vi.长期不和；结怨，结仇servant[?s?v?nt]n.仆⼈，佣⼈gossip[?ɡɑsip]vi. 传播流⾔，说长道短what a shame 多可惜，多遗憾gentlemen[?d?entlm?n]n.先⽣；绅⼠inciting[in?sait??]adj.刺激的，煽动的incident[ ??ns?d?nt]n.事件；⼩插曲inciting incident引发的事件plot [plɑt]n. （戏剧、⼩说等的）情节proceed [pr??si:d]v.(活动、过程或事件）继续，持续series[?s?riz]n.⼀系列furious [?fj?ri?s]adj.狂怒的，暴怒的apparent [??p?r?nt] adj.易看见的；显然的reversal[r??v?:s?l]n.逆转，颠倒；反复tension[?t?n??n]n.紧张，不安obligatory [??bl?ɡ??t?ri] adj.义务的；应尽的scene[sin]n.场⾯；（戏剧的）⼀场denouement[?denu?mɑ?]n.（戏剧、⼩说等的）结局resolution[?r?z??lu??n]n.解决loose endn.（故事、情况、罪案等）有待解释的地⽅，未了结的部分TPO8 L2 (Art History)instructor[?n?str?kt?]n.指导者，教师option[??p??n]n.选择back up倒退art academy [ɑrt ??k?d?mi]艺术院校decade[?dekeid]n.⼗年founder[?fa?nd?]n.创始⼈；建⽴者canny [?k?ni]精明的，狡猾的，尤形容商⼈premiere[pr??m?r] adj.⾸要的，⾄上的destination[?d?st??ne??n]n.⽬的，⽬标；⽬的地，终点initial [??nl]adj.最初的；开始的trial[?tra??l] n.试验progressive[pr??ɡr?s?v]adj.进步的；先进的；⾰新的established[??st?bl??t]adj.有声望的studio[?studio] n.⼯作室，画室formal[ ?f?rm?l]adj.（学校教育或培训）正规的setting[?s?t??]n.环境;背景;地点criticism[?kritisiz?m]n.鉴定；评论rank[r??k]n.等级；名次incentive[?n?s?nt?v]n.动机；刺激；诱因；⿎励salon[s??l??]n.沙龙；画廊；美术展览会exhibition[?eksi?bi??n]n.陈列，展览make a name成名sculpture[?sk?lpt??]n.雕刻（术），塑像seal [si:l]n.印章seal of approval[si:l ?v ??pru:v?l] 正式认可masterpiece[?m?st??pis]n.杰作，名作interior[?n?t?ri?]n.内部，内景，⾥⾯savvy[?s?vi]adj.有见识的;有经验的fellow student[?fel?u ?stju:d?nt] 同学，同窗TPO9 L1 (Theater)Inventionn.发明Entertainmentn.娱乐，消遣stage design舞台设计site designer场景设计师lane n.⼩路，⼩巷knack[n?k]n. 诀窍；本领show a knack for sth 对于某事显⽰出才能cut up去除illusionn.错觉；幻想suspendvt.暂停；延缓disbeliefn.不相信，怀疑depthn.深度；深处rigidadj.严格的；僵硬的background n.背景sceneryn.风景，景⾊；舞台布景anglen.⾓touch n.风格;⼿法;特有⽅式3 dimensional3D⽴体wild for sth对某事疯狂outdo vt.胜过，优于Eidophusikon⼀种早期的移动话剧场，使观众⾝临其境感受⼤⾃然first glance第⼀眼bushn.灌⽊（丛）lightingn.照明；舞台灯光elaborate vi.详尽说明representationn.表现；陈述synthesizevt.综合；⼈⼯合成；（⾳响）合成trickn.戏法，把戏；计谋mechanical adj.机械的，机械学的multimedian.多媒体adj.多媒体的releasevt.释放constraintn.强制；限制；约束mutual adj.共有的；共同的notable adj.值得注意的；显著的dynamicadj.动态的incredibly adv. 很，极为influentialadj.有影响⼒的unifiedadj. 统⼀的subsequent adj.后来的；随后的sunrisen.⽇出mechanicaladj.机械的，机械学的sailvi.航⾏foreground n.（照⽚、景物等的)前景horizonn.地平线；范围；界限sunlightn.阳光moonlightn.⽉光patternn.模式；花样；图案shadown.阴影；影⼦uniformadj.（形状，性质等）⼀样的；规格⼀致的pioneern.先驱者；创始者thundern.雷声copper sheet铜⽪，铜⽚，薄铜板stormn.暴风⾬，暴风雪TPO12 L3 (Music History)opera[??p?r?]n.歌剧；歌剧艺术plural [?pl?r?l]n.复数；复数形式opus[??up?s] n.作品；乐曲work[w?k]n.(艺术家的)作品Latin['l?tin]n.拉丁⽂；拉丁语lyrics['liriks] n.歌词commonplace[?k?m?npleis]n.平常的事;司空见惯的事venture[?v?nt??]n.风险项⽬linguistic[lɡw?st?k]adj.语⾔的；语⾔学的thematic[θ??m?t?k]adj.主题的;专题的;主旨的secularization[?sekjul?rai?zei?? n]n.凡俗化，还俗，把教育从宗教中分离vehicle[?vi:?kl]n.传播媒介，媒介物Christian Church[?kr?st??n t??t?]n.基督教会evolve [i?v?lv]vi.发展merchant[?m?:t??nt]n.商⼈aristocrat[??r?st??kr?t] n.贵族vernacular[v??n?kj?l?]n.⽅⾔theme [θi:m]n. (作品的)主题presentation[?pr?z?n?te??n] n.表演；演出plaza[?plɑ:z?] n.（城市中的露天）⼴场satire[?s?t?a?r]n.讽刺；讽刺作品commit oneself to致⼒于imprisonment[?m?pr?znm?nt]n.关押，监禁persecution[?p?:s??kju??n]n.（尤指因宗教、政治信仰或种族⽽受到的）迫害restive[?r?st?v]adj.不受管束的melodious[m??l??di:?s]adj.有旋律的；悦⽿的melodrama[?mel??drɑ:m?] n.情节剧，⾳乐剧Galileo[?ɡ?li?lei?u]n.伽利略(1564-1642，意⼤利物理及天⽂学家)Florence[?fl?:r?ns] n.佛罗伦萨（意⼤利城市）countn.计数the counts of a party 指都是社团的成员Renaissance[?r?n??sɑns] n.⽂艺复兴（时期）originate[??rid?ineit]vi.起源于，来⾃；产⽣be confined to局限于migrate[?ma??ɡreit]vi.迁移；移居endure] [in?dju?]vi.持续，持久rhythm[?r?e?m]n.[诗]节奏，韵律The Golden Age黄⾦时代secondary[?s?k?n?d?ri]adj.第⼆的aria[?ɑ?ri?]n.咏叹调solo[?s?ul?u]n.独唱，独奏dominate[?d?mineit]vt.& vi.在…中占⾸要地位accompaniment[??k?mp?ni:m?nt] n.伴奏harpsichord[?hɑ:ps??k?:d] n.竖琴mythology[m??θɑl?d?i]n.神话，神话故事plot[pl?t]n.（戏剧、⼩说等的）情节chivalry[v?lri]n.（中世纪的）骑⼠精神epic[??p?k]n.叙事诗；史诗historical[h??st?r?k?l] adj.历史的，历史上的appropriate[??pr?upriit]vt.盗⽤；挪⽤civil war内战Restoration[?r?st??re??n]adj.（戏剧、建筑等）王政复辟时期的take off(产品、活动、事业等)腾飞，突然成功export[?ks?p?rt]vt.传播，输出（思想或活动）elite[??lit] n.精锐，精英Broadway [?br?:dwei]n.百⽼汇musical [?mju:zik?l]n.⾳乐剧fulfill[f?l?f?l]vt.执⾏；达到quote[kw?ut]——unquote[??n?kw?ut]（⽤于引⽂的开始和结尾）引⽂起——引⽂⽌extraterrestrial[??kstr?t??r?stri?l]adj.地球外的emotion[i?m?u??n]n.情感，感情TPO15 L3 (Art History)printing[?pr?nt??]n.印刷（术）printing pressn.印刷机manual script[?m?nj??skr?pt]n.⼿稿；原稿parchment[?pɑ:t?m?nt]n.⽺⽪纸stretch[str?t?]vt.伸展；张开tension[?t?n??n]n.拉⼒;张⼒predominant[pri?d?min?nt]adj.主要的，占主导地位的prior to在…之前durable[?dju?r?bl]adj.耐⽤的，耐久的；持久的handy[?h?ndi]adj.⽅便的；有⽤的scribe[skra?b]n.（印刷术发明之前的）抄写员monk[m??k]n.修道⼠，僧侣monastery[?m?n?st?ri]n.修道院，寺院erase[i?reiz]vt.擦掉palimpsest[?p?l?mp?s?st]n.重写本customary[?k?st?m?ri]adj.习惯的；通常的；照惯例的scrape[skreip]vt.擦，刮abrasive[??bre?s?v]adj.有磨蚀作⽤的；摩擦的；粗糙的wipe out擦掉original [??rid?in?l]adj.原始的；最初的scholar[?sk?l?]n.学者make out辨认出decipher [d??sa?f?]vt.破译；辨认（潦草字迹）Archimede[?ɑ:ki?mi:di:z]n.阿基⽶德mathematician[?m?θ?m??tn]n.数学家prayer[pr?r]n.祈祷；祈祷⽂art auction艺术拍卖会theorem[?θi?r?m]n.[数]定理diagram [?daɡr?m]n.图表papyrus[p??pa?r?s]n.纸莎草scroll[skr??l]n.(带有⽂字的)卷轴underlying[??nd??laii?]adj.表⾯下的，下层的donate to捐赠Baltimore[?b?:ltim?:]n.巴尔的摩，美国马⾥兰州的⼀城市conservation [?k?ns??vei??n]n.保存；保护ultraviolet light[??ltr??va??l?t la?t] n. 紫外线光breakthrough[?breik?θru:]n.突破；重要技术成就iron[?a??n]n.铁display [dis?plei]v.显⽰，显露TPO16 L2(Music History)genre [??ɑnr?]（⽂学、绘画、⾳乐、电影等艺术作品的）体裁，类型narrow[?n?r?u]adj.狭隘的；（种类或数⽬）有限的social context社会背景patronage [?pe?tr?n?d?]n.资助，赞助composer [k?m?p??z?] n.（尤指古典⾳乐）作曲家earn a living谋⽣，维持⽣活patron [?peitr?n]n.赞助⼈，资助⼈technical advance技术进步transverse flute [tr?ns?v?:s]n.横笛clarinet [?kl?r??n?t] n.[乐]单簧管；⿊管keyboard instrument键盘乐器organ[??:ɡ?n]n.风琴；管风琴harpsichord [?hɑrps??k?rd]n.拨弦古钢琴;⼤键琴profound[pr??fa?nd]adj.深厚的；意义深远的pianoforte[pi:??nf?:te?] n.钢琴（旧称）percussion instrument [p??kn ??nstr?m?nt] n.<⾳>打击乐器string instrument [str?? ??nstr?m?nt]n.弦乐器quill [kw?l] n.⽻⽑管pluck[pl?k]v.弹，拨（乐器）guitar pick 吉他拨⽚felt [f?lt] n.⽑毡hammern.(钢琴的）⾳槌drumstick [?dr?m?st?k]n.⿎槌pianist [pi??n?st]n.钢琴家dynamics [da??n?m?ks] n.⼒度强弱法strike [stra?k]v.打；击turning point n.转折点tone [t?un]n.⾳质；⾳⾊；⾳调convey [k?n?vei] vt.传达，表达capacity [k??p?s?ti]n.能⼒;才能capability abilityexpressiveness [?k?spres?vn?s] n.表现，表⽰Romantic style [r?u?m?ntik]浪漫主义风格coincide with与…⼀致mass production n.⼤规模⽣产proportion [pr??p?:??n] n.⽐，⽐率upper classn.上层社会，贵族阶层middle class n.中产阶级harp [hɑ:p] n.竖琴exceptional [?k?s?p??n?l] adj.优越的；杰出的talent [?t?l?nt] n.天资，才能dramatically [dr??m?t?kl:?] adv.突如其来的;急剧的be surrounded by被…围绕recital [r??sa?tl] n.独唱会; 独奏会virtuoso [?v?:t?u:s??] n.艺术⼤师extraordinary [?k?str??rd?neri] adj.⾮凡的，特别的TPO16L4(Art History)paradigmatic[?p?r?d?ɡ?m?t?k]adj.典型的;范例的stained glass [steind]n.(⽤于装饰性窗户等的)彩⾊玻璃，有⾊玻璃re-assemble [?ri??s?mb?l] v.重新组装decorative [?d?k?r?t?v] adj.装饰的；装潢⽤的scarce [sk?rs] adj.缺乏的，罕见的tabletop [?te?b?l?t?p] n.桌⾯principal [?pr?ns?p?l] adj.最重要的；主要的outline [?autlain] n.轮廓，轮廓线vt.画轮廓strip [str?p] n.长条，条板lead [,led] n.铅lead strip n.铅条ideal [a??di?l]adj.理想的，完美的boundary [?ba?nd?ri]n.分界线；范围solid line n.实线metallic [m??t?l?k] adj.⾦属的compound [?k?mpaund] n.复合物ingredient [?n?ɡridi?nt] n.（混合物的）组成部分copper [?k?p?] n.铜iron [?a??n] n.铁painted glass [?peintid ɡlɑ:s]n.彩⾊玻璃foresight [?f?:?sa?t] n.先见；预见revival[r??va?v?l]n.复活；再流⾏；复兴intricate[??ntr?k?t] adj.错综复杂的lamp shade [l?mp ?eid]n.灯罩innovation [??n??ve??n] n.改⾰，创新electric lighting [??l?ktr?k ?la?t??]n.电⽓照明electric light bulb[??l?ktr?k la?t b?lb]n.电灯泡stream through流过TPO17L1(Art History)prehistoric [?pri:h??st?:r?k]adj.史前的cover [?k?v?]v. (在演讲、课程或书中)讨论，涉及Upper Paleolithic Period旧⽯器时代晚期roughly [?r?fl?] adv.粗略地；⼤体上；⼤致上cave drawing洞⽳壁画portable [?p?:t?bl] adj.便携的；轻便的sculpture [?sk?lpt??] n.雕刻hood [h?d] n.⾯罩;头罩carve [kɑ:v] vi.雕刻ivory [?aiv?ri] n.象⽛mammoth [?m?m?θ] n.[动]猛玛（象）tusk [t?sk] n.（象等动物的）长⽛source [s?:s]n.消息来源a fair question好问题prehistory [pri?h?st?ri] n.史前时期signature [?s?ɡn?t??] n.签名；署名archaeology [?ɑ:ki??l?d?i] n.考古学technique [tek?ni:k]n.(艺术等⽅⾯的)技艺，技法bury [?beri] vt.埋葬stratigraphy [str??t?ɡr?fi]n.地层学archaeologist [?ɑ:kl?d??st] n.考古学家dig [d?ɡ] vt.挖掘site [sa?t]n.遗址;原址stratum [?stret?m]n.岩层；地层；社会阶层intact [?n?t?kt] adj.未经触动的；原封不动的；完整⽆缺的discard [dis?kɑ:d] vt.丢弃，抛弃stratification [?str?t?f??ke??n] n.层理；分层minimum [?minim?m] n.最低限度；最⼩量not necessarily[n?t ?nesis?rili]未必，不⼀定radiocarbon datingn.放射性碳年代测定（法）organic [?:?ɡ?nik]adj.⽣物体的；有机体的decay [di?kei] vt.& vi.（使）腐烂，腐朽charcoal [?t?ɑ:k?ul] n.⽊炭dye [da?]n.染料，染⾊chip off切下reluctant [r??l?kt?nt] adj.不情愿的，勉强的bone [b?un] n.⾻头maximum [?m?ksim?m] n.最⼤的量range [reind?] n.范围narrow down缩减;压缩;减⼩motive [?m?utiv] n.（艺术作品的）主题，题材impose [im?p?uz]vt.把(看法)强加于…I don?t get your point没听懂pre-conceived [?pri:k?n?si:vd]adj.（观点）事先形成的，先⼊为主的presence [?prez?ns] n.出席demonstrate [?dem?nstreit] vt.证明，证实；展⽰；说明sophisticated [s??fistikeitid]adj.精明⽼练的primitive [?pr?m?t?v] adj.原始的trend [trend] n.⾛向；趋向straight line n.直线representation [?repr?zen?ten] n.表现；陈述legal process [?li:ɡ?l ?pr?uses]n.法律程序build a legal case建⽴⼀个法律案件analogy [??n?l?d?i] n.类似，相似；类⽐TPO18L2(Art History)examination [?ɡ?z?m??ne??n] n.检查Roman [?r??m?n]adj.古罗马的sculpture [?sk?lpt??] n.雕刻（术），雕塑portrait [?p?:trit] n.肖像；画像bust [b?st] n.半⾝雕塑像commemorate [k??mem?reit] vt.纪念relief sculpture n.浮雕category [?k?t??ɡ?ri]n.种类; 类别Greek adj.希腊的campaign n.（社会、政治)运动,活动Roman Empire n.罗马帝国（指公元前27年到公元476年的罗马奴⾪制国家）conquer [?k??k?] vt.征服；攻克Mediterranean [?m?d?t??reni?n] n.地中海的；地中海沿岸地区的spoil n.战利品To the victor belong the spoils战利品属于获胜者It?s fair to say 合理地说statue [?st?tju:] n.雕像，塑像dominant [?d?min?nt] adj.占优势的；主导的，⽀配的essentially [??sen??li] adv.本质上，根本上prevalent [?pr?v?l?nt] adj.流⾏的，盛⾏的contemporary [k?n?t?mp??r?ri] adj.当代的，现代的historian [his?t?:ri?n] n.历史学家，史学⼯作者creativity [?krie?t?v?t?] n.创造性，创造⼒reproduction [?ri:pr??d? k??n]n.复制品;仿制品hypothesize [hai?p?θisaiz] v.假设，假定artistic [ɑ:?tistik] adj.艺术的；有美感的classical [?kl?sik?l] adj.古典的，经典的idealization [a??di??la??ze??n] n.理想化dismiss [dis?mis]v.不考虑;不理会decoration [?d?k??re??n] n.装饰，装潢Emperor Augustus皇帝奥古斯Imperial [im?pi?ri?l] adj.帝国的，皇帝的inhabitant [in?h?bit?nt] n.居民，住户coin [k??n] n.硬币distribute[dis?tribju:t] vt.分配，散布；散发。

在托福听力考试中，我们最先听的就是conversation，为一段学生与教授之间，或者学生与咨询员之间的对话。

题目与lecture题目相比较而言，相对简单。

如果我们对conversation的经典场景有所了解的话，那么在考试中，我们就可以做到心中有数。

经典场景一：图书馆&书店场景场景特点：图书馆的使用方式，到图书馆借书、还书，找文献等;书店购买教科书。

问题，有没有要买的书、书价贵、退书等。

场景词汇：Due day(到期日), renew(续借), overdue(过期的), process(过程), suspend(延缓，推迟), privilege(特权，基本权利)Librarian(图书管理员), facilities(设施), reference room(资料室),literature(文献), periodical(期刊), academic journal(学报，学术期刊), current issue(现刊), card catalog(卡片目录)，reserve book(库存书不能外借), index(索引)对应TPO：TPO1 C1, TPO4 C1, TPO7 C2, TPO9 C2, TPO14 C1, TPO20 C1, TPO10 C2, TPO24 C1经典场景二：论文科研场景场景特点：论文和写实验报告有关研究的内容，包括论文的主题的讨论，如何查文献，获取数据，分工合作。

论文的修改以及期限问题等。

场景词汇：Term paper(学期论文)，first draft(初稿)，scope(范围)，rewrite (重写)，revise(校正)，reference section(参考部分)，due(截止)，deadline(截止日期)，extension(延期)，submit(提交)，consult(请教，查阅)，process(过程，方法，步骤)，draw up(起草), manually(手动的)，revision(修正，复习，修订本)，thesis statement(论文观点)对应TPO：TPO2 C1, TPO4 C2, TPO6 C2, TPO9 C1, TPO12 C1, TPO13 C1, TPO17 C1, TPO22 C2经典场景三：注册咨询场景场景特点：课程，专业的选择问题，毕业的相关问题询问等场景词汇：Sign up(注册，选课，报名)，permission(许可)，diploma(毕业证书)，credit(学分)，basic course(基础课程)，certify(证明)，prerequisite(先决条件，预备知识)，graduation form(毕业表格)，dean(院长，系主任)，field work(实地研究)，counselor(咨询员)。