Unit Four American Dream

Unit 4 The American DreamText A Tony Trivisonno’S American DreamText OrganizationWorking on your ownDo the exercises and then compare your answers with a partner.1.The text can be roughly divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the lifestory of Tony Trivisonno. The second part gives the author's reflections on the story of Tony. Now write down the main idea of each part.Part One Paras 1-29 With determination, and with help from Mr.Crawford, Tony achieved his dream of owninghis own farm.Part Two Paras 30-33 Tony's career set the author thinking aboutwhy and to what extent he had beensuccessful.2.As mentioned above, the first part of the text centers on the lifestory of Tony. The story is, in fact, made up of several events which helped Tony fulfill his American Dream. Now go through Part One again and list the main events. The first one has been done for you. 1) Tony worked as a help at Mr. Crawford'shouse.2) Tony got a job clearing snow at Mr.Crawford's factory.3) Tony learned to become a skilled worker.4) Tony bought a house with Mr. Crawford'shelp.5) Tony bought a farm and sent for his familyin Italy.VocabularyI1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.1) wreck 2) balance 3) approaching 4) handle5) discard 6) Above all 7) diet 8) do with9) checked on 10) cleaned up 11) weekly 12) principles 2. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning. The first part has been written for you.1) to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/was determined that all the people in the sunken ship had died.2) was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job to travel around theworld.3) for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her business is small and she could provide no guarantee.4) express her thoughts with precision, so people often misunderstand her.5) will weaken our determination to modernize our country in the shortest possible time.3. Complete the sentences, using the words or phrases in brackets. Make additions or changes where necessary.1) for sale hunting for be amazed by2) become skilled handle their loans3) character by calling on he passed awayII. Confusable WordsNow put into each gap in the following sentences the proper word from the above list.1. 1) personal 2) personnel2. 1) sometime 2) Sometimes 3) sometime 4) sometimeIII. EuphemismFind in Column B euphemisms for words or expressions in Column A:1. d2. e3. h4. c5. g6. a7. b8. fComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. 1. Text-related Complete the following passage with words chosen from the Words and Phrases to Drill box. Change the form where necessary.(1) sponsored (2) determination (3) turned…away(4) assumed (5) capacity (6) skilled (7) loan (8) character （9）hunting （10）for sale (11) send for2.Theme-related Read the passage carefully until you have got its main idea, and then select one appropriate word for each gap from the box following the passage.(1) save (2) recent (3) modest (4 ) grow (5) dream(6) immigrants (7) business (8) engineering (9) invest (10) richII. Correcting Non-standard English1.“Mr. Crawford, it’s going to snow pretty soon.”2.“When winter comes, please give me the job of clearing snow atthe factory.”3.“I’d like to buy a house.”4.“Mr. Crawford, I’ve sold my house!”5.“Mr. Crawford, I’ve bought a farm.”III. Translation1.Translate the sentences into English, using the words and phrasesin brackets.1)It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which theyhope will be acceptable to both sides.2)Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked bygiant snakes.3)Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot beprevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property. 4)I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurriedhome, anxious to amuse myself reading it.5)Helen lacks confidence. I’ve never known anyone so unsure ofherself.2.Translate the following passage into English, using the words andphrases given below:托尼大学毕业后决定自己开业。

The American DreamAmerican Dream is the belief that everyone in the United States has the chance to achieve success and prosperity. For ordinary people, it means a happy family, an ideal job, and a nice house. For minorities and immigrants, it also includes freedom and equal rights.ImmigrantsApart from “Native Americans” —Indians, all Americans have ancestors who were immigrants. The United States has become the home of I mmigrants from all over the world.Some immigrants come to the United States in search of a place to practice their religion freely, while others seek political or economic protection. Still others arrive in hopes of building a better life for themselves and their families.First ImmigrantsThe first immigrants to America came almost from western Europe. During the first decades of the 17th century, settlers from England colonized Virginia and New England. Immigration to New England began in1620 when English Puritans established Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts. The values of these Puritan settlers strongly influenced the culture of the American colonies and later of the United States.The Great DepressionThe Great Depression is considered the most severe economic crisis in the industrialized world. It began when American stock market fell on Friday, Oct. 24, 1929, and continued the following Tuesday, known as Black Tuesday, with a greater fall. The Depression struck many othercountries as well, particularly Germany, Japan, and Britain. In the early 1930s millions of people lost their jobs, and millions of businesses and banks failed. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal policies improved the situation, but the Great Depression did not come to an end until World War II when industrial production for the war increased.I. MortgageMortgage is an agreement to have money lent, especially to buy a house or land, with the house or landbelonging to the lender until the money is repaid. It enables a person to buy a house without having enough money to pay for it completely. If the borrower fails to repay the loan, the lender may force the sale of the house to recover the amount of the loan.II. How to Get a MortgageA borrower can get a mortgage from a bank, credit union, or other lender. Most lenders require the borrower to have a certain amount of money to use as a down payment. For example, if an individual wants to buya home priced at $50,000 and the lender requires a down payment of $2,000, the individual will apply for a loan of $48,000 to pay for the difference. Payments for the loan are usually made monthly. The life of the mortgage can be 15, 20, 30, or even 40 years.Warm-up Questions1.W hat is the American Dream in your opinion?2.I n what ways can a person be considered as being successful?3.W hat is the key to success?4.T ell a story of a successful person.Global Reading >> Part Division of the TextGlobal Reading >> Further UnderstandingI. For Part 1i. Table CompletionHow Tony Fulfilled His American Dreamii. MatchingMatch the following three columns.(1 —C —II; 2 —A —III; 3 —B —I)iii. ScanningScan the text to find out descriptionsof Tony’s physical appearance.Para. 1 He was about five-foot-seven or eight, and thin.Para. 22 He seemed to stand a little straighter. He was heavier. He had a look of confidence.Para. 27 … neatly dressedII. For Part 2 Questions and Answers1. What is the key to Tony’s success? (Tony worked very hard to create his American Dream. Besides, he was determined, self-controlled, optimistic, self-respected, honest and responsible. All these helped him becomesuccessful.)2. Compare Tony with the greatest industrialists.(Both Tony and the greatest industrialists are successful in pursuing their American Dreams. They reached their success by working hard, and by the same values and principles. The only difference was that they had different financial achievements.)Detailed ReadingI. Difficult Sentences1.“I mow your lawn,” he said. (Para. 2) How many times is the sentence —“I mow your lawn.” —repeated in the text? Why is it repeated?(The sentence is repeated four times. That’s because it shows Tony’s determination in finding a job, and his optimistic view that people would help a man who needed a job.)2.Well, what do you do with such determination and hope? (Para. 12) Paraphrase the sentence.(It is hard to refuse a person who is determined and hopeful to get a job.)3.My wife and I were delighted with what we felt was a satisfying end of the story. (Para. 16)1) Paraphrase the sentence.(My wife and I were happy with what Tony had achieved, and thought that the whole thing had thus been settled.)2) Was Tony satisfied with this end? (Tony was not satisfied. He kept on working hard until he fulfilled his better dreams.)4.From then on, it was interesting tosee that any discarded odds and ends around our place — a broken screen, a bit of hardware, boards from packing —Tony would gather and take home. (Para. 21)1) Why did Tony take home the discarded odds and ends?(Tony bought a house, which was a complete wreck. To fix and decorate it, and, above all, to save money, he took home the discarded odds and ends.)2) Translate the sentence into Chinese. (从那以后，只要我家附近有什么被人扔弃的零星杂物，坏了的屏风啦，五金器具啦，包装纸板啦，托尼都要收起来拿回家，看他这个样子真是有意思。

Unit 4 American DreamI Vocabulary and Structurecomprehend confidence abandonproperty instrument sponsorapproach principle wreckdiscard capacity integritygiant optimismassume determination turn away above allcall on clear up for saleon sale pass away send forturn down work outAdditional V ocabularyloan money on character/mortgage 人品贷款/抵押贷款not get a damn thing 什么也得不到down payment 首付款odds and ends 零星杂物on the bottom rung of the ladder 社会最底层the balance sheet 资产负债表move mountain 创造奇迹graduate third in one’s class 以全班第三名的成绩毕业receive a full scholarship to Y ale 获得耶鲁大学全额奖学金senior brain surgeon 高级脑外科医师work one’s tail off发奋努力a think tank 智囊团Ⅱ. V ocabulary and structure1.Mr Green is going on vacation next week. Miss Bennet will be in charge of the ____Department when he is away.A. PersonalB. PersonnelC. PersonD. Personal2.Mobile telecommunications ____is expected to double in shanghai this year as a result of a contract signed between the two companies.A. potentialB. possessionC. impactD. capacity3.We’ll leave it to the committee to ____the details of the plan.A. work onB. work offC. work outD. work up4. All the pictures in the exhibition are ____. Y ou may buy them.A. for rentB. for exampleC. for saleD. for instance5. The canoe got ____and turned over.A. in the balanceB. on balanceC. off balanceD. out of the balance6. We' ll come to see you again ____next week.A. sometimeB. some timeC. sometimesD. some times7. The cars were ____because it was impossible to go any further in the fog.A. sacrificedB. transportedC. removedD. abandoned8. The police were on the ____within a few minutes of the car accident.A. siteB. placeC. spotD. point9. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ____in a quiet neighborhood.A. all in allB. above allC. after allD. over all10. Scientists ____that there is animal life on Mars.A. detectB. doubtC. informD. assume11. The tomato juice left a brown ____on the front of my jacket.A. trackB. traceC. spotD. point12.The tobacco company ____several television programs.A. stagesB. sponsorsC. rewardsD. advertises13.We took out another ____to expand our business.A. lendB. lentC. loanD. load14.While all the passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if ____to leave the plane.A. difficultB. reluctantC. opposedD. unexpected15.It is a huge task to ____all the rooms in the building in such a short time.A. go ahead withB. keep onC. clean upD. work out16.Housewives who do not go to work often feel they are not working to their full ____A. capacityB. strengthC. lengthD. possibility17.The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal village: several fishing boats were ____and many house collapsed.A. wreckedB. spoiledC. tornD. injured18.The fundamental ____which govern all physical processes are also related to many everyday occurrences.A. rulesB. regulationsC. principalsD. principles19. He said he had every ____in his secretary, she would do the right thing.A. confidenceB. knowledgeC. beliefD. dependence20. We all left the meeting, ____ that the project was feasible.A. convincingB. convinceC. convincedD. to convince21. All _______ in this company are entitled to medical insurance.A. personB. personalC. personalityD. personnel22. The army is in a state of readiness in case it should be _____ to launch an offensive.A. called offB. called forC. called uponD. called up23. It _____ me that she’s got the energy for all those parties.A. amazedB. astoundedC. surprisedD. amused24. ___ food containers and bottles littered the streets.A. DisposedB. RefusedC. DiscardedD. Rejected25. I see it’s ____ lunchtime, so let’s take a break now.A. comingB. approachingC. goingD. advancing26. There’s no milk left, so I’m afraid you’ll just have to do ______.A. withoutB. withC. with itD. without it27. I won’t go with you, because it’s too far, too late, and ____, too dangerous.A. most of allB. first of allC. above allD. after all28. She’s trying to get a $50,000 _____ to start her own business.A. loanB. sumC. priceD. share29. I can’t believe he would have smashed the window ---- it seems so out of ____.A. senseB. habitC. characterD. nature30. The notice said “ Private ______. Keep Off.”A. PossessionB. ProsperityC. PropertyD. Propriety31. He’s _____ not to let his parents stop him from doing what he wants to do.A. dependedB. determinedC. depressedD. deprived32. He ____ his parents to attend the graduation ceremony at Harvard.A. sent awayB. sent offC. sent outD. sent for33. We were sinking fast, and the captain gave the order to _____ ship.A. disposeB. escapeC. abandonD. jump34. I’ve drawn up the main outlines, and we’ll ____ the details later.A. work outB. work downC. work forD. work up35. It’s important to have a balanced _____.A. dietB. foodC. dishD. meal36. They usually go to Rome ____ in the autumn.A. some timeB. sometimesC. sometimeD. at times37. Eva said she was doing a ten-mile walk for charity and asked if I’d ____ her for $1 a mile.A. supportB. aidC. helpD. sponsor38. She’s terribly upset because her mother _____ last week.A. passed downB. passed byC. passed awayD. passed out39. If you can’t _____ the job I’ll get someone else to do it.A. settleB. handleC. runD. deal40. The generators each have a ___ of 1,000 kilowatts.A. powerB. capabilityC. competencyD. capacity41. We’ll go out as soon as I’ve ____ the kitchen.A. cleaned upB. cleanedC. cleared awayD. cleared42. In the long run, however, this hurry to shed full-time staff may be _____ harmful to industry as it is to the workforce.A. moreB. lessC. sameD. as43. There are more than fifty proposals ______ at the conference.A. to be discussedB. discussedC. discussingD. having been discussed44. _____ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.A. Having believedB. BelievingC. BelievedD. Being believed45. ____, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.A. With modern offices becoming more mechanizedB. The modern offices is becoming more mechanizedC. With modern offices become more mechanizedD. The modern offices become more mechanized46. Today, people ______ for one person to learn what needs to be known about all subjects.A. find it impossibleB. find impossibleC. find it’s impossibleD. find it being impossible47. Home work ____ on time will lead to better grades.A. to have been doneB. be doneC. having doneD. done48. In some countries, _____ is called “ equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. one49. He entered the office still ___ by the way she spoke to him.A. annoyB. annoyingC. being annoyedD. annoyed50. Paul considered himself fortunate ______ to Harvard University.A. to have been admittedB. having been admittedC. being admittedD. having being admittedⅢ. CET 4 V ocabulary1. The Minister accused the farmers of taking ____ of the potato shortage in order to force prices up.A. stepsB. actionC. advantageD. measure2. It’s a good idea----I’ll bear it ______.A. by heartB. by my heartC. in my mindD. in mind3. I was so _______ in my book that I didn’t hear the doorbell ring.A. occupiedB. engagedC. absorbedD. concentrated4. The ____ action of the policeman saved the people in the house from being burnt.A. militaryB. sufficientC. significantD. immediate5. The situation was ____ complicated by John’s mistake.A. all togetherB. fartherC. furtherD. altogether6. Y ou may ask him about these foreign words. He is ___ in five languages.A. fluentB. flexibleC. convenientD. capable7. Few of them are persuaded ___ the benefits of the village shop.A. ofB. forC. inD. at8. From her conversation I _____ that she had a large family.A. estimatedB. includedC. predictedD. guessed9. As it _____, I have my library card with me, so I can borrow some books today.A. occursB. takes placeC. breaks outD. happens10. People must ____ their way of thinking according to the changed circumstances.A. restoreB. reformC. acquireD. adjust11. He _____ a position of great responsibility in the government.A. supportsB. keepsC. holdsD. possesses12. Mary spends a large ____ of time each day on the telephone.A. amountB. momentC. periodD. number13. “ What shall we do if it rains?”“Well, in that ___ we shall have to change our plans.”A. respectB. caseC. chanceD. point14. They are _____ to fall behind if they don’t improve their method of work.A. obviousB. necessaryC. possibleD. likely15. The man who won the Science Prize was quite _____. Everyone admired him.A. outstandingB. perfectC. reservedD. delightful16. By careful ____ of his capital, he obtained a good income.A. investigationB. investmentC. insuranceD. instruction17. The police have _____ the road where a bomb was found. So there is no traffic there at the moment.A. protectedB. stoppedC. occupiedD. blocked18. I wanted to hold the meeting today, but ____ the present situation it had better be postponed.A. in the light ofB. by means ofC. in the course ofD. in place of19. He asked Jane to marry him but she ____ his proposal.A. set outB. put offC. turned downD. put out20. I know this job of mine isn’t well paid, but ____, I don’t have to work long hours.A. of courseB. on the contraryC. by the wayD. on the other hand21. John said that he wasn’t quite ready and that his shoes ____.A. needed cleaningB. needed being cleanedC. needs to have been cleanedD. needs tohave cleaned22. Once they had fame, fortune, secure futures; _______is poverty.A. now that all is leftB. now all that is leftC. now all which is leftD. now all what is left23. Give me an undisturbed hour and I’ll finish the work Tom ____ unfinished.A. will leaveB. has been leftC. is leavingD. has left24. A series of attempts ___, he came to a successful solution to the problem.A. having madeB. having been madeC. were madeD. have been made25. We asked the hotel clerk ______ the restaurant would still be open at ten o’clock.A. thatB. whereC. whenD. whether26. Many people favor _____ more nuclear power plants.A. to buildB. buildC. builtD. building27. We can see a lot of people doing morning exercises in parks even ____ cold mornings.A. onB. inC. atD. during28. Although his parents warned him ____ what would happen, he continued to disobey them.A. againstB. onC. forD. of29. That tree looked as if it _____ for a long time.A. hadn’t been wateredB. hasn’t any waterC. hasn’t wateredD. wasn’t watered30. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time that someone ______ me that evening.A. had interruptedB. would have interruptedC. to have interruptedD. has interrupted31. So often ____ in recent years that it has almost become the rule.A. has this happenedB. this has happenedC. is this happeningD. for this to happen32. The last man ____ the sinking ship was the captain.A. leftB. to be leavingC. to leaveD. leaves33. Water dissolves a part of nearly everything _____ it becomes in contact.A. whereB. thatC. with whichD. as soon as34. Howard _____ to speak with them but they appeared to be in a hurry.A. would have stoppedB. would stopC. would be stoppedD. will stop35. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ asked to attend the class meeting.A. isB. areC. haveD. has36. They ____ for seven hours when they spotted a sign that said “ Guests.”A. were drivingB. had been drivingC. droveD. had to drive37. Today’s typewriter keyboard is _____ Shole’s 1867 keyboard.A. as same asB. the same thatC. the same asD. as same one as38. ____ did she start preparing dinner.A. Not until he arrivedB. Hardly had he arrivedC. No sooner had he arrivedD.Scarcely did he arrive39. This new suggestion is a distinct improvement on _____ I originally made.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. such40. Look what you’ve done! Y ou ____ more careful.A. may beB. must beC. should have beenD. would have beenⅣ. Reading Comprehension( 1 )Bret Harte, a member of an educated but poor New Y ork family, travelled west to California as a young man in 1854. He settled in San Francisco in 1860 and a year later became editor of the Over- land Monthly, in which he published many of his famous stories of the Far West. Harte seems to have succeeded although, for a time., he used to consider the mining(采矿) life unsuitable subject matter for literature.In the 1860's, Eastern magazines featured mostly English authors, but their readers were eager for American fiction. Therefore, when Harte's story "The Luck of Roaring Camp" was reprinted in the "Atlantic Monthly", it created quite a sensation(轰动) in the East. After Harte' s initial success, Eastern editors printed his other tales about mining, and with the publication of a collection in book form in 1870, he became popular throughout the nation.Soon after the collection was published, Harte returned to the East and continued to write in New Y ork for seven years, but his stories were not of the same quality and his popularity decreased. In 1878 he went to Europe where he remained until his death in 1902. Although some editors continued to publish his stories, he never regained his popularity, for his tales were for the most part imitations of his earlier works.1. Of the following statements about Harte, which one is NOT TRUE?A. Harte became an editor in 1861B. Harte's stories are mostly about mining lifeC. Harte's family had a great fortuneD. Harte used to live in San Francisco2. What was the reason for Harte's success as an author?A. Readers wanted stories about life in AmericaB. Harte used to work for the "Overland Monthly"C. Harte was born of an educated familyD. Americans loved literature during the 1860's3. How many years did Harte spend in the Far West?A. 18 yearsB. 10 yearsC. 20 yearsD. 16 years4. According to the passage, Harte's later stories wereA. popular in EuropeB. welcomed by AmericansC. of the higher qualityD. for the most part imitations5. The story mainly tells aboutA.Harte's life as a writerB. Harte’s famous storiesC. Harte’s success as editorD. Harte’s life in Europe( 2 )Today is the anniversary(周年纪念日)of that afternoon in April a year ago that 1 first saw the strange and appealing(令人动心的)doll in the window of Abe Sheftel' s stationery and toy shop on Third A venue near Fifteenth Street, just around the corner from my office, where the plate on the door reads: Dr. Samuel Amoty. I remember just how it was that day: the first hint(迹象) of spring floated across the East River, mixing with the soft-coal smoke from the factories and the street smells of the poor neighbourhood. As I turned the corner on my way to work and came to Sheftel's' I was made once more aware of the poor collection of toys in the dusty window, and I remembered the coming birthday of a small niece of mine in Cleveland, to whom I was in the habit of sending modest gifts. Therefore, I stopped and examined the window to see if there might be anything appropriate, and looked at the confusing collection of ordinary objects a red toy fire engine, some lead soldiers, cheap baseballs, bottles of ink, pens, yellowed, stationery, and garish(俗丽的) cardboard(纸板) advertisements for soft-drinks. And thus my eyes eventually came to rest upon the doll tucked(塞在) away in one corner, a doll with the strangest, most charming expression on her face. I could not wholly make her out, due to the shadows and the glass through which I was looking, but I was aware that a tremendous impression had been made upon me as though I had run into a person, as one does sometimes with a stranger, with whose personality one is deeply impressed.1. What made an impression on the author?A. The doll's unusual faceB. The collection of toysC. A stranger he met at the storeD. The resemblance (相似) of the doll to his niece2. Why does the author mention his niece?A. She likes dollsB. The doll looks like herC. She lives near Sheftel'sD. He was looking for a gift for her3. Why did the author go past Sheftel' s?A. He was on his way to workB. He was looking for a present for his nieceC. He wanted to buy some stationery.D. He liked to look in the window4. Most of the things in the store window wereA. expensiveB. appealingC. neatly arrangedD. unattractive5.The story took place in theA. early summerB. midsummerC. early springD. late spring( 3 )When my brother, sister, and I were little, we were a big responsibility for my parents. We were very active children, so my parents had to be alert(警惕)at all times. We were not always well-behaved and frequently did things my mother disapproved(不满)of. We got dirty when playing outside and made a lot of noise when playing inside. I still remember putting dirty water on a neighbor' s hair because we were arguing about something. I got into a lot of trouble for that.Although our patents disapproved of many things that we did, they usually did not get veryangry. They always tried to discuss the situation with us the first time and rarely screamed at us. I remember having long conversations about why we ought to behave in a certain way.My brother, sister, and I always laughed and joked with each other. I can still remember how we joked with our elder brother when he first was able to grow a beard(胡须). He was very proud of his "beard", but we all laughed because it was nothing more than three or four hairs on his face. My mother always looked at us disapprovingly when we laughed so loudly, but my brother never got angry. He thought it was funny.My sister, however, did get very angry on several occasions. We always let each other use our belongings, but we had to ask permission before taking them. Once I borrowed my sister's white dress without asking and got ink spots on it. When she found out, she screamed at me angrily, telling me that I was childish and unreliable. I felt very sad, and my mother was unhappy because I broke our family’s rude about borrowing belongings.1. What is NOT TRUE of their childhood behavior?A. They always did what their parents asked them to doB. They were active but not always behaving wellC. They liked to laugh at their elder brotherD. They were noisy when playing outdoors2. From the passage, it's known that the writer once got into great difficultyA. for the argument with her relativesB. due to her clothes getting dirtyC. because of the lack of intelligenceD. because she behaved in a bad manner to her neighbour3. When they did something wrong, their parents would try to discuss the situation first insteadofA. beating themB. being helpfulC. getting angryD. getting disturbed4. The reason why the writer's sister got angry is thatA. the writer did not express thanks to her sisterB. the writer broke the family's ruleC. the writer looked at her sister disappointedlyD. the writer behaved impatiently5. When the sister blamed the writer for being "unreliable" she meant the writerA. was madB. was rudeC. was not to be depended onD. was like a thief( 4 )Krakatau volcano(火山) is in small island in Indonesia. It had been peaceful for about 200 years before it erupted(爆发) in 1883.The first signs of activity of the volcano appeared in May 1883, when fire and smoke could be seen at the top of the mountain. Great noises could be heard even in Jakarta a hundred miles away. Later the activity grew much greater. The peak(山顶) was covered with smoke and fire: the smoke at one time was seventeen miles high in the air. The lava--soft and hot rock--shot up into the air and rolled down the sides of the mountain.The mouth of the volcano was not at the peak of the mountain but on its side, close to the sea. As it grew bigger and bigger with the eruption, the sea- water got into it. When the sea- waterreached the lava inside the volcano, it made the upper part of the lava colder and harder. And this sealed off(封住) the rest of the lava below. As the inside lava could not break through the seal, the pressure built up until the mountain blew up.The eruption of the volcano was followed by several earthquakes, which brought about bad results. About 36,000 people were killed and many towns and villages near the sea were completely destroyed by the great waves, which the earthquakes caused.1.Krakatau volcano _______A. erupted two hundred years agoB. had not been active for two hundred years before 1883C. had not shown any signs before 1883D. made its first eruption in 18832. Shortly before the volcano erupted people saw _______A. nothing at the top of the mountainB. the peak was covered with soft and hot rodC. fire and smoke at the top of the mountainD. lava shooting up into the sky from the peak3. The mountain exploded because _______A. the activity grew much greaterB. there was too much lava shooting upC. the pressure under the seal grew greater and greaterD. the mouth of the volcano was at the top of the mountain4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? ______A. The earthquakes caused the eruptionB. The earthquakes were caused by the big sea wavesC. Many towns and villages were destroyed by the volcano lava.D. The disaster was directly caused by the waves, which were caused by the earthquakes following the eruption of the volcano5. Lava is ______A. big stones erupted from a volcanoB. hot rock in the form of liquidC. the colder and harder part of rockD. fire and smoke shooting into the skyⅤ. Translation1.今年我们的会议集中讨论儿童权益的问题。

Unit 4 The American DreamWords & Expressionsturn away:refuse to help (sb.) or allow (sb.) to enter a place- 他拒绝了所有的应征者。

(He turned all the applicants away.)- He turned away several people who didn’t have the tickets.Collocation:turn down 拒绝；调低turn in 交还，上交turn into 使变成turn off 关；拐弯turn out 生产，制造；证明，结果turn over 仔细考虑turn up 出现，来到；开大，调大work out:plan; solve; calculate- 他们已经设计出把宇宙飞船送上太空的方法。

(They’ve worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to the space.)- The accountant has worked out your share of the expense at 1,000 yuan. (会计已算出你的那份花费为1,000元。

)Collocation:work at 从事于，致力于work up 引起，激起，逐渐上升weekly:1. adj. happening once a week or every week- He thinks his weekly wage of 400 yuan is enough.2. adv. once a week; every week; by the week- 《21世纪报》每周出版一次。

(21st Century is published weekly.)3. n. a publication issued once a week- Business Weekly《商业周刊》- Publishers’ Weekl y (美) 《出版商周刊》- a twice weekly 半周刊do with:1) (used in questions with “what”) deal with- Tell me what you did with yourself this week.- The child didn’t know what to do with himself for excitement.2) tolerate- 我不能忍受他和他的无礼。

The American Dream vs. the Chinese DreamAlthough the American dream only exists in American society, it is something that people around the world aspire to.16 July 2010In the past few years, Chinese media and some people have continually reaffirmed a dream: the Chinese dream. Amid such an uproar, I don’t know what they think about the wave of Chinese elite constantly immigrating to other countries in past years. I also don’t know if they believe that the Chinese dream truly exists and that it is something that many people are seeking. From the 1990s immigrant wave of intellectuals to today’s publicized immigrant wave of business elites, what exactly does the Chinese dream mean to society’s middle and lower class?We are all very familiar with the American dream. Therefore, as China’s status in the world has continually risen and as China’s voice has gained more power in the international political stage, the Chinese dream has also emerged at the right time. So, what exactly does the Chinese dream entail? The American dream is undoubtedly simple and clear. It not only means that an American citizen can muster up the strength tostand up on his own in American society; it also means that he can own a house and a car, live comfortably and be a member of society’s middle class. Even if he loses his job, he will most likely not starve and freeze to death so soon. The American dream also means that a person who was born in a seriously racist society can rely on his own strength to become the president of the United States at the beginning of his middle-age life. More importantly, the American dream means that any person living on American soil can have the hope of surviving in society. This hope belongs to each person.In comparison, what is this Chinese dream we speak of? It is more of a country’s collective dream. It is more of China’s attempt to avenge（报仇）the disgrace and insult it faced more than 100 years ago. The Chinese dream has repeatedly been broadcast loud and clear, but for the people living in society’s lower class, what does it mean? Does it mean that when France’s president speaks inappropri ately, we can use economic means to “blacklist” him? Does it mean that when the U.S. talks about selling arms to T aiwan, we can loudly say no? If the Chinese dream is just about that, then it is definitely not enough.Although the American dream only exists in American society, it is something that people around the world aspire to. When U.S. Senator Barack Hussein Obama of the Democratic Party successfully became the U.S.’ 44th president, the “Obama fever” that took the world by storm said a lot: that the American dream not only belongs to the Americans but to many disadvantaged groups everywhere. Therefore, if we want to make the Chinese dream and the U.S. dream equally worth fighting for, then the Chinese dream should not exist only for the country’s name, it should not exist only as a response to a country’s disgrace from over 100 years ago and it certainly should not sacrifice citizens’ personal rights and happiness for the sake of realizing a whole country’s strength and “dreams.”When we watched war films during our childhood, we often heard the phrase, “If there is no country, there is no home.” But the reverse is also true. Our home and country are mutually dependent. I especially do not like President Kennedy’s saying, “Ask not what your c ountry can do for you — ask what you can do for your country.” Although this saying was suitable for the U.S. at that time, it is not necessarily suitable for the U.S. right now. What I would like to emphasize is that during times of war, we can perhaps devote ourselves to our country instead ofhaggling over every little thing. But during peace time, especially as a country’s economic strength is constantly growing in what some call a prosperous time, what value does a country’s strength have for the indiv idual person if we only emphasize the people’s eternal submission to the country and the country’s rights and authority over the people? If this Chinese dream could provide us with social security, employment and services, then we should not see our government, after a 30-year period of reform, throwing a highly unprepared group of citizens into a market economy and then saying to them, “This is the freedom you wanted.” What did these people who were thrown in the water see instead? Aside from Darwin-style free competition, they didn’t have anything —not even a life preserver. Even as these people found themselves drowning, there was not a single person there to say, “Come, I’ll help you.”So, no matter how much effort we put into promoting the value of the Chinese dream, it is completely worthless if the common person cannot experience its value. Especially for people of the proletariat, a dream’s value is determined by its value for the individual person. Therefore, although many people have done lots of analysis on comparisons between theChinese dream and the American dream, I believe that the comparison is simple: the American dream belongs to the individual whereas the Chinese dream belongs to the collective. At least, that’s how it is now. Consequently, when Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said, “I have a dream,” we had no choice but to say, “Please give us hope.”。

Text AThe American Dream means different things to different people. But for many, particularly immigrants, it means the opportunity to make a better life for themselves. For them the dream is that talent and hard work can take you from log cabin to White House. Tony Trivisonno did not rise quite so high, yet he managedto make his own dream come true.美国梦对不同的人有不同的意义。

但对许多人，尤其是对移民而言，它意味着改善自己生活的机会。

对于他们，美国梦的含义就是才能与勤劳能让你从小木屋走向白宫。

托尼?特里韦索诺并没有爬到那么高，但他成功地使自己的梦想成真。

Tony Trivisonno 'S American Dream托尼?特里韦索诺的美国梦Frederick C. Crawford弗雷德里克?C?克罗弗德1 He came from a rocky farm in Italy, somewhere south of Rome. How or when hegot to America, I don't know. But one evening I found him standing in the driveway, behind my garage. He was about five-foot-seven or eight, and thin.他来自意大利罗马以南某地———个满地石子的农庄。

他什么时候怎么到美国的，我不清楚。

新视界大学英语综合教程2unit4Unit 4 The American DreamVocabulary1) wreck 2) balance 3) approaching 4) handle 5) discard 6) Above all 7) diet 8) do with 9) checked on 10) cleaned up 11) weekly 12) principles2.1) to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/was determined that all the people in the sunken ship had died.2) was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job travel around the world.3) for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her business is small and she could provide no guarantee.4) express her thoughts with precision, so people often misunderstand her.5) will weaken our determination to modernize our country in the shortest possible time.3.1) for sale hunting for be amazed by2) become skilled handle their loans3)character by calling on he passed awayII Confusable words1. 1) personal 2) personnel2. 1) sometime 2) Sometimes 3)some time 4) sometimeIII Euphemismde hcgabfComprehensive ExercisesI Close1. Text-related1)sponsored 2)determination 3) turned away 4) assumed 5)capacity 6)skilled 7)loan 8) character 9) hunting 10) for sale 11) send for2. Theme-related1)save 2)recent 3)modest 4) grow 5) dream 6) immigrants 7)business 8) engineering 9)invest 10) richIII Translation1) It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.2) Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3) Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4) I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.5) Helen lacks confidence. I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.2.After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business.At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan. But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help. Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan him the money. Now he has become a wealthy businessman. Talking about his amazing achievement, Tony says that it is important to create rather than wait for opportunities.课文翻译课文A美国梦对不同的人有不同的意义。