[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编14
一、简答题
0 Please disambiguate the following 5 sentences, using the tree-diagram, or any other means that you think is appropriate.（北京交通大学2007研)
1 Jane showed her baby pictures.
2 The old man is drinking in the air.
3 We need more realistic officials to handle the economy.
4 We are sweeping the ground cigarettes on the street.
5 Tom exchanged the money and fell around the corner.
6 What is Halliday's idea on the relationship between the functions performed by language and its structures?
7 What are deep and surface structures?
8 In the following three sentences, the particle "up" stays in different positions, i. e. immediately after the verb; in between the noun phrase and the relative clause; and at the end of the sentence. Can you formulate a syntactic rule to explain the position changes of the particle?
(1)She stood up the man who offered her a diamond.
(2)She stood the man up who offered her a diamond.
(3)She stood the man who offered her a diamond up.（南开大学2010研)
9 What is conceptual meaning? Try to distinguish it from any other types of meaning classified by Leech?（北二外2008研)
10 Explain the notion of hyponym.（北二外2008研)
11 How would you describe the oddness of the following sentences, using semantic features?（浙江大学2004研)
(a)The television drank my water.(b)His dog writes poetry.
11 What is one obvious presupposition of the speaker who says:
12 Where did he buy the beer?
13 Your watch is broken.（上海交大2006研)
13 Tell the sense relation between a and b in each pair:（北二外2007研)
14 a. He no longer likes coffee. b. He liked coffee.
15 a. Mary is working in China. b. Mary is working in Beijing.
16 In what way is componential analysis similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features?
17 Are utterances, sentences, and propositions the same?
18 Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why?（厦门大学2010研)
19 What are the major concerns of pragmatics?（人大2006研)
20 How would you describe this short exchange in terms of the ardors performed by the speakers?(浙江大学2005研)
Motorist: My car needs new exhaust system.
Mechanic: I'll be busy with this other car all day.
21 Conversational implicature is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theory in that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning, or " 言外之意" in Chinese.（中山大学2005研)
22 Decide which maxim of the cooperative principle has been flouted in the following utterances and what implicature can be drawn.（厦门大学2006研)
(1)A: Can you tell me the secret? B: But John is there.
(2)A: Let's go to the movies. B: I'll bring the Kleenex.
(3)A: Would you drive a Mercedes? B: I wouldn't drive ANY expensive car.
