英语考试作文-新GRE写作ISSUE题库中英文对照及分类整理之艺术科研类

GRE英语作文分类题库—ISSUE简介在GRE考试中，Issue是指议题写作，与Argument类似都是GRE Analytical Writing的一部分，需要候选人对给出的话题进行阐述和分析。

Issue是更具有主观性的考试内容，需要候选人充分表达自己的观点，谈及丰富的经验和事例支持论证，并且要注意措辞合理、思路清晰、结构紧凑。

在本文档中，我们将提供一些Issue题库，这些议题涵盖了社会科学、艺术、哲学等多个领域，通过研究这些经典话题，准备GRE写作中的Issue将变得更加得心应手。

Issue题库社会科学Politic and Government1. A government should invest funds in the arts to ensure that it canflourish and be available to all people.2.Some people claim that political decision-making process indemocracies is too slow to response to climate changes. Do you agree ordisagree?3.The government should provide healthcare to all citizens regardlessof their ability to pay for it.Education4.The purpose of college or university education is to help students tosucceed in future career. Do you agree or disagree?5.The function of education is to teach one to think intensively andcritically. Do you agree or disagree?6.Some people believe that the most important goal of education is tohelp people to learn to be happy on their own. Do you agree or disagree?Culture7.The most important way to preserve ancient historical sites is to makethem available to the public, to have them constantly used and thus alive.8.Museums and art galleries should focus on the works of art that arerepresentative of the cultural history of their own country rather than theworks of art that are from different parts of the world.9.It is important for people to celebrate the ceremonies and festivals oftheir own culture rather than those of other cultures.艺术Music and Film10.Artistic disciplines, such as music, theater, and film, are valuable onlywhen they contribute to the larger society.11.The purpose of music is to make us feel good. Do you agree ordisagree?12.The best way to appreciate music is simply to listen to it.Literature and Writing13. A person should never make an important decision alone.14.The best way to learn about life is through personal experience.15.Argue for and/or against the use of digital devices in literary analysis.哲学Morality and Ethics16.Morality depends on the individual.17.The ultimate goal of human beings is not happiness, but knowledge.18.To be an ethical person, one must take into consideration the contextof the situation.Knowledge and Reasoning19.Innovation should always be welcomed, even if it is leading towardsunethical practices.cation is more than simply acquiring knowledge; it is aboutlearning to think for oneself.21.The ultimate goal of philosophical inquiry is not knowledge, but action.总结以上便是我们为大家提供的GRE英语写作的Issue题库，这些话题涵盖了众多领域，如政治、文化、教育、艺术和哲学等。

新GRE作文ISSUE题目翻译+分类将新GRE写作Issue Pool 题库分类整理，更方便考生积累写作素材，熟悉分类Issue的套路，在考场上用短时间汇聚思路完成写作部分。

是大家提高新GRE写作能力的有效资料之一。

ETS官网公布的ISSUE新题库This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE? revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool. Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.当人们越来越依赖技术去解决问题，人类独立思考能力却退化。

GRE英语作文分类题库(艺术类)九艺术类 1. Imaginative works such as novels， plays，films， fairytales， and legends present a more accurate and meaningful picture of human experience than do factual accounts. Because the creators of fiction shape and focus on reality rather than report it literally1， their creations havea more lasting2 significance.2. The arts （painting， music， literature， etc.）reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.3. ‘It is the artist， not the critic，’ who gives society something of lasting value. A person who evaluates works of art， such as novels， films music， paintings， etc.4. As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive， the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate-and，perhaps， even cruel-when one considers all the potential uses of such money.5. In order for any work of art-whether film，literature， sculpture， or a song-to have merit， it must be understandable to most people.He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。

新GRE考试Issue题库中英文对照及分类整理完全版一、政治28/113/120/121/127/145 国家伟大的判断28 The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上，而不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。

113 Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.结论：一个国家的伟大不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。

原因：一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上。

120 Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: Great achievements by a nation's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation's people.结论：一个国家的伟大体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。

原因：统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就保证了大部分国民的生活安乐。

新GREIssue官方整理今日给大家整理新GREIssue 官方范文，快来一起学习吧。

下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

新GREIssue 官方范文整理1Issue test 1As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.Essay Response — Score 6 The statement linking technology negatively with free thinking plays on recent human experience over the past century. Surely there has been no time in history where the lived lives of people have changed more dramatically. A quick reflection on a typical day reveals how technology has revolutionized the world. Most people commute to work in an automobile that runs on an internal combustion engine. During the workday, chances are high that the employee will interact with a computer that processes information on silicon bridges that are .09 microns wide. Upon leaving home, family members will be reached through wireless networks that utilize satellites orbiting the earth. Each of these common occurrences could have been inconceivable at the turn of the 19th century.The statement attempts to bridge these dramatic changes toa reduction in the ability for humans to think for themselves. The assumption is that an increased reliance on technology negates the need for people to think creatively to solve previous quandaries. Looking back at the introduction, one could argue that without a car, computer, or mobile phone, the hypothetical worker would need to find alternate methods of transport, information processing and communication. Technology short circuits this thinking by making the problems obsolete.However, this reliance on technology does not necessarily preclude the creativity that marks the human species. The prior examples reveal that technology allows for convenience. The car, computer and phone all release additional time for people to live more efficiently. This efficiency does not preclude the need for humans to think for themselves. In fact, technology frees humanity to not only tackle new problems, but may itself create new issues that did not exist without technology. For example, the proliferation of automobiles has introduced a need for fuel conservation on a global scale. With increasing energy demands from emerging markets, global warming becomes a concern inconceivable to the horse-and-buggy generation. Likewise dependence on oil has created nation-states that are not dependent on taxation, allowing ruling parties to oppress minority groups such as women. Solutions to these complex problems require the unfettered imaginations of maverick scientists and politicians.In contrast to the statement, we can even see how technology frees the human imagination. Consider how the digital revolution and the advent of the internet has allowed for an unprecedentedexchange of ideas. WebMD, a popular internet portal for medical information, permits patients to self research symptoms for a more informed doctor visit. This exercise opens pathways of thinking that were previously closed off to the medical layman. With increased interdisciplinary interactions, inspiration can arrive from the most surprising corners. Jeffrey Sachs, one of the architects of the UN Millenium Development Goals, based his ideas on emergency care triage techniques. The unlikely marriage of economics and medicine has healed tense, hyperinflation environments from South America to Eastern Europe.This last example provides the most hope in how technology actually provides hope to the future of humanity. By increasing our reliance on technology, impossible goals can now be achieved. Consider how the late 20th century witnessed the complete elimination of smallpox. This disease had ravaged the human race since prehistorical days, and yet with the technology of vaccines, free thinking humans dared to imagine a world free of smallpox. Using technology, battle plans were drawn out, and smallpox was systematically targeted and eradicated.Technology will always mark the human experience, from the discovery of fire to the implementation of nanotechnology. Given the history of the human race, there will be no limit to the number of problems, both new and old, for us to tackle. There is no need to retreat to a Luddite attitude to new things, but rather embrace a hopeful posture to the possibilities that technology provides for new avenues of human imagination.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 6The author of this essay stakes out a clear and insightfulposition on the issue and follows the specific instructions by presenting reasons to support that position. The essay cogently argues that technology does not decrease our ability to think for ourselves, but merely provides additional time for people to live more efficiently. In fact, the problems that have developed alongside the growth of technology (pollution, political unrest in oil-producing nations) actually call for more creative thinking, not less.In further examples, the essay shows how technology allows for the linking of ideas that may never have been connected in the past (like medicine and economic models), pushing people to think in new ways. Examples are persuasive and fully developed; reasoning is logically sound and well supported.Ideas in the essay are connected logically, with effective transitions used both between paragraphs (However or In contrast to the statement) and within paragraphs. Sentence structure is varied and complex and the essay clearly demonstrates facility with the conventions of standard written English (i.e., grammar, usage and mechanics), with only minor errors appearing. Thus, this essay meets all the requirements for receiving a top score.新GREIssue 官方范文整理2Essay Response — Score 5Surely many of us have expressed the following sentiment, or some variation on it, during our daily commutes to work: People are getting so stupid these days! Surrounded as we are by striding and strident automatons with cell phones glued to their ears, PDAs gripped in their palms, and omniscient, omnipresent CNN gleaming in their eyeballs, its tempting tobelieve that technology has isolated and infantilized us, essentally transforming us into dependent, conformist morons best equipped to sideswip one another in our SUVs.Furthermore, hanging around with the younger, pre-commute generation, whom tech-savviness seems to have rendered lethal, is even less reassuring. With Teen People style trends shooting through the air from tiger-striped PDA to zebra-striped PDA, and with the latest starlet gossip zipping from juicy Blackberry to teeny, turbo-charged cell phone, technology seems to support young peoples worst tendencies to follow the crowd. Indeed, they have seemingly evolved into intergalactic conformity police. After all, todays tech-aided teens are, courtesy of authentic, hands-on video games, literally trained to kill; courtesy of chat and instant text messaging, they have their own language; they even have tiny cameras to efficiently photodocument your fashion blunders! Is this adolescence, or paparazzi terrorist training camp?With all this evidence, its easy to believe that tech trends and the incorporation of technological wizardry into our everyday lives have served mostly to enforce conformity, promote dependence, heighten comsumerism and materialism, and generally create a culture that values self-absorption and personal entitlement over cooperation and collaboration. However, I argue that we are merely in the inchoate stages of learning to live with technology while still loving one another. After all, even given the examples provided earlier in this essay, it seems clear that technology hasnt impaired our thinking and problem-solving capacities. Certainly it has incapacitated ourbehavior and manners; certainly our values have taken a severe blow. However, we are inarguably more efficient in our badness these days. Were effective worker bees of ineffectiveness! If T\technology has so increased our senses of self-efficacy that we can become veritable agents of the awful, virtual CEOs of selfishness, certainly it can be beneficial. Harnessed correctly, technology can improve our ability to think and act for ourselves. The first challenge is to figure out how to provide technology users with some direly-needed direction.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 5The language of this essay clearly illustrates both its strengths and weaknesses. The flowery and sometimes uncannily keen descriptions are often used to powerful effect, but at other times this descriptive language results in errors in syntax. See, for example, the problems of parallelism in the second-to-last sentence of paragraph 2 (After all, todays tech-aided teens ...). There is consistent evidence of facility with syntax and complex vocabulary (Surrounded as we are by striding and strident automatons with cell phones glued to their ears, PDAs gripped in their palms, and omniscient, omnipresent CNN gleamingin their eyeballs, its tempting to believe...). However, such lucid prose is often countered by an over-reliance on abstractions and tangential reasoning. For example, what does the fact that video games literally train [teens] to kill have to do with the use or deterioration of thinking abilities?Because this essay takes a complex approach to the issue (arguing, in effect, that technology neither enhances nor reduces our ability to think for ourselves, but can do one orthe other, depending on the user) and because the author makes use of appropriate vocabulary and sentence variety, a score of 5 is appropriate.新GREIssue 官方范文整理3Essay Response — Score 4In all actuality, I think it is more probable that our bodies will surely deteriorate long before our minds do in any significant amount. Who cant say that technology has made us lazier, but thats the key word, lazy, not stupid. The ever increasing amount of technology that we incorporate into our daily lives makes people think and learn every day, possibly more than ever before. Our abilities to think, learn, philosophize, etc. may even reach limits never dreamed of before by average people. Using technology to solve problems will continue to help us realize our potential as a human race.If you think about it, using technology to solve more complicating problems gives humans a chance to expand their thinking and learning, opening up whole new worlds for many people. Many of these people are glad for the chance to expand their horizons by learning more, going to new places, and trying new things. If it wasnt for the invention of new technological devices, I wouldnt be sitting at this computer trying to philosophize about technology. It would be extremely hard for children in much poorer countries to learn and think for themselves with out the invention of the internet. Think what an impact the printing press, a technologically superior mackine at the time, had on the ability of the human race to learn and think.Right now we are seeing a golden age of technology, using it all the time during our every day lives. When we get up theres instant coffee and the microwave and all these great things that help us get ready for our day. But we arent allowing our minds to deteriorate by using them, we are only making things easier for ourselves and saving time for other important things in our days. Going off to school or work in our cars instead of a horse and buggy. Think of the brain power and genius that was used to come up with that single invention that has changed the way we move across this globe.Using technology to solve our continually more complicated problems as a human race is definately a good thing. Our ability to think for ourselves isnt deteriorating, its continuing to grow, moving on to higher though functions and more ingenious ideas. The ability to use what technology we have is an exampleReader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 4This essay meets all the criteria of a level-4 essay. The writer develops a clear position (Using technology to solve our problems will continue to help us realize our potential as a human race). The position is then developed with relevant reasons (using technology to solve more complicat[ed] problems gives humans a chance to expand their thinking and learning and we are seeing a golden age of technology).Point 1, using technology, is supported with the simple but relevant notion that technology allows us access to information and abilities to which we would not normally have access. Similarly, point 2, the golden age, is supported by the basic description of our technologically saturated social condition.Though the overall development and organization of the essay does suffer from an occasional misdirection (see paragraph 3s abrupt progression from coffee pots to the benefits of technology to cars), the essay as a whole flows smoothly and logically from one idea to the next.It is useful to compare this essay to the level-3 essay presented next. Though both essays entail some surface-level discussion and often fail to probe deeply into the issue, this writer does take the analysis a step further. In paragraph 2, the distinction between this essay and the next one (the level-3 response) can most clearly be seen. To support the notion that advances in technology actually help increase thinking ability, the writer draws a clever parallel between the promise of modern, sophisticated technology (computer) and the actual impact of equally promising and pervasive technologies of the past (printing press).Like the analysis, the language in this essay clearly meets the requirements for a score of 4. The writer displays sufficient control of language and the conventions of standard written English. The preponderance of mistakes are of a cosmetic nature (trying to solve more complicating problems.) There is a sentence fragment (Going off ...) along with a comma splice (Our ability ... isnt deteriorating, its continuing to grow ...) in paragraph 3. However, these errors are minor and do not interfere with the clarity of the ideas being presented.新GREIssue 官方范文整理4Essay Response — Score 3There is no current proof that advancing technology willdeteriorate the ability of humans to think. On the contrary, advancements in technology had advanced our vast knowledge in many fields, opening opportunities for further understanding and achievement. For example, the problem of dibilitating illnesses and diseases such as alzheimers disease is slowing being solved by the technological advancements in stem cell research. The future ability of growing new brain cells and the possibility to reverse the onset of alzheimers is now becoming a reality. This shows our initiative as humans to better our health demonstrates greater ability of humans to think.One aspect where the ability of humans may initially be seen as an example of deteriorating minds is the use of internet and cell phones. In the past humans had to seek out information in many different enviroments and aspects of life. Now humans can sit in a chair and type anything into a computer and get an answer. Our reliance on this type of technology can be detrimental if not regulated and regularily substituted for other information sources such as human interactions and hands on learning. I think if humans understand that we should not have such a reliance on computer technology, that we as a species will advance further by utilizing the opportunity of computer technology as well as the other sources of information outside of a computer. Supplementing our knowledge with internet access is surely a way for technology to solve problems while continually advancing the human race.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 3This essay never moves beyond a superficial discussion of the issue. The writer attempts to develop two points: thatadvancements in technology have progressed our knowledge in many fields and that supplementing rather than relying on technology is surely a way for technology to solve problems while continually advancing the human race. Each point, then, is developed with relevant but insufficient evidence. In discussing the potential of technology to advance knowledge in many fields (a broad subject, rife with possible examples), the writer uses only one limited and very brief example from a specific field (medicine and stem-cell research).Development of the second point is hindered by a lack of specificity and organization. The writer creates what might be best described as an outline. The writer cites a need for regulation/supplementation and warns of the detriment ofover-reliance upon technology. However, the explanation of both the problem and solution is vague and limited (Our reliance ... can be detrimental. If humans understand that we should not have such a reliance ... we will advance further). There is neither explanation of consequences nor clarification of what is meant by supplementing. This second paragraph is a series of generalizations that are loosely connected and lack amuch-needed grounding.In the essay, there are some minor language errors and a few more serious flaws (e.g., The future ability of growing new brain cells or One aspect where the ability of humans may initially be seen as an example of deteriorating minds). Despite the accumulation of such flaws, the writers meaning is generally clear. Thus, this essay earns a score of 3.新GREIssue 官方范文整理5Essay Response — Score 2In recent centuries, humans have developed the technology very rapidly, and you may accept some merit of it, and you may see a distortion in society occured by it. To be lazy for human in some meaning is one of the fashion issues in thesedays. There are many symptoms and resons of it. However, I can not agree with the statement that the technology make humans to be reluctant to thinkng thoroughly.Of course, you can see the phenomena of human laziness along with developed technology in some place. However, they would happen in specific condition, not general. What makes human to be laze of thinking is not merely technology, but the the tendency of human that they treat them as a magic stick and a black box. Not understanding the aims and theory of them couses the disapproval problems.The most important thing to use the thechnology, regardless the new or old, is to comprehend the fundamental idea of them, and to adapt suit tech to tasks in need. Even if you recognize a method as a all-mighty and it is extremely over-spec to your needs, you can not see the result you want. In this procedure, humans have to consider as long as possible to acquire adequate functions. Therefore, humans can not escape from using their brain.In addition, the technology as it is do not vain automatically, the is created by humans. Thus, the more developed tech and the more you want a convenient life, the more you think and emmit your creativity to breakthrough some banal method sarcastically.Consequently, if you are not passive to the new tech, but offensive to it, you would not lose your ability to think deeply. Furthermore, you may improve the ability by adopting it.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 2The language of this essay is what most clearly links it to the score of 2. Amidst sporadic moments of clarity, this essay is marred by serious errors in grammar, usage and mechanics that often interfere with meaning. It is unclear what the writer means when he/she states, To be lazy for human in some meaning is one of the fashion issues in thesedays, or to adapt suit tech to tasks in need.Despite such severe flaws, the writer has made an obvious attempt to respond to the prompt (I can not agree with the statement that the technology make humans to be reluctant to thinking thoroughly) as well as an unclear attempt to support such an assertion (Not understanding the aims and theory of them [technology] couses the disapproval problems and The most important thing to use the thechnology ... is to comprehend the fundamental idea of them). On the whole, the essay displays a seriously flawed but not fundamentally deficient attempt to develop and support its claims.(Note: In this specific case, the analysis is tied directly to the language. As the language falters, so too does the analysis.)Essay Response — Score 1Humans have invented machines but they have forgot it and have started everything technically so clearly their thinking process is deterioating.Reader Commentary for Essay Response — Score 1The essay is clearly on topic, as evidenced by the writers usage of the more significant terms from the prompt: technically (technologically), humans, thinking (think) and deteriorating (deteriorate). Such usage is the only clear evidence of understanding. Meaning aside, the brevity of the essay (one sentence) clearly indicates the writers inability to develop a response that follows the specific instructions given (Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement above and explain your reasoning for the position you take).The language, too, is clearly level 1, as the sentence fails to achieve coherence. The coherent phrases in this one-sentence response are those tied to the prompt: Humans have invented machines and their thinking process is deteriorating. Otherwise, the point being made is unclear 新GREIssue 官方范文整理。

GRE作文分类题库—ISSUE前言GRE作文是美国研究生入学考试中重要的组成部分，由于GRE作文在评分中占比较大的比重，因此考生需要在备考之前提前了解GRE作文的题目类型和考察方向，这样才可以有充分的准备和信心面对考试。

本文将为大家介绍GRE作文ISSUE题型，向大家展示常见的考察方向、题目模式以及一些备考建议。

什么是ISSUE题型？ISSUE题型是GRE作文中的一种常见题型，其主要考察考生对于某一主题的立场和看法，并要求考生在文章中提供足够的证据来支撑自己的观点，展示自己的逻辑和论述能力。

ISSUE题型通常包括以下三个要素：•题目陈述：题目会给出一个主观性较强的表述，要求考生就该表述发表自己的看法。

•分析要求：题目会就某一主题提出一系列问题，要求考生就这些问题进行分析。

•思考范围：题目会给出一个主题，要求考生就这一主题从多方面进行思考，并论述自己的观点。

在ISSUE题型中，考生需要将自己的观点和证据清晰表达出来，并表明自己对于该主题的态度和看法，同时，考生需要思考问题全面、立论充分、逻辑合理，并且给出具体和可行的实例。

常见的ISSUE题目类型ISSUE题目的主题比较广泛，测试考生在各种主题下进行思考和立论的能力。

以下列举一些常见的ISSUE题目类型，考生可以在此进行参考和备考，更好地为GRE作文ISSUE题型做好准备。

社会类1.人类生活是否需要个人道德的引导？2.社会上的贫富差距是否应得到重视？3.政府是否应该彻底取消福利制度？4.生育权是否应该在各国间得到保护？5.义务教育是否应该废除？政治类1.民主政治是否是当前的最佳选项？2.政府是否应该介入企业的内部管理？3.政府是否应该对教育进行干预？4.美国还需要维持其全球霸权地位吗？伦理类1.人类是否应该保护和维护环境？2.科技的发展是否应该因为道德原则受到限制？3.是否应该禁止人类克隆？教育类1.各国学生在智力和文化方面是否存在差异？2.在校学生是否应该得到免费的教育？3.考试和考试成绩是否是唯一的衡量学生能力的标准？4.在大学期间能否同时考虑工作和学业？上述问题不仅覆盖了政治、伦理、教育、社会等多个领域，而且这里展示的只是其中的部分，考生在掌握以上基本类型的基础上，需要进一步深入探究题目的推广方向，了解更多的考试内容。

ISSUE新题库翻译&重题合并&范文GRE Analytical Writing ISSUE Essay T opic - 003 / 035 / 037Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。

Position:有保留的反对不同意作者的观点，人应该按照自己的理想和兴趣选择自己的学习方向；但是有些时候教师的建议，也是值得考虑的。

1、由于老师不可能对每个人的性格特点都了解清楚，所以对一个学生未来职业的选择的建议也不一定是客观的。

2、就算老师很了解一个人的特点，但是人是会变的。

通过在学习过程，不断改变自己，很有可能把那么自己不是原来不是很擅长但是很喜欢的工作做好。

3、但是，老师毕竟经验比较丰富，做出的判断也往往是合适的。

所以，我们应该多听听老师的意见，然后加上自己的思考，作出自己的选择。

General statement:教育机构对学生的未来负有责任，应该尽可能的去帮助学生取得成功。

Thesis statement:帮助学生取得成功是教育机构的责任。

但是教育机构在帮助学生的过程中，应该更多的考虑学生自己对兴趣和对未来的选择，提出建议而不是力劝学生离开他们认为不可能成功的领域。

Development: 教育机构对学生的未来富有责任。

教育机构很难以区分某些学生在某些领域是不太可能取得成功的。

某些领域，可能目前来看不是成功的领域，但是若干年以后可能成功。

应该更多的考虑学生自己的兴趣。

兴趣才是成功的关键。

Giving a few second on interesting matter is better the spending an hours for boring issue”. It’s human’s tendency to work attentively and alertly on the issue which is of his interest and keeping him self away from annoying topic, even if it has been suggested and advised by many people. Interest and likeness of person matters a lot in his life.Every one likes to work in the field of interest and if we talk about students then they prefer the subject and faculty of their interest. In case of some students, they get confused in deciding that what is of their interest and what they choose for they expertisment. Availability of many option leads to this short of situation.After completing the secondary school education, it become very tough for students to select their main subject as a career option. As in their previous study there may be more then one subjects in which they are interested. So in this stage many influences effects on their thinking. What their colleagues are selecting as their field of further study, advices from parents and other relatives etc. take them to divert from their field of interest and catch up in any regardless field.This is where the Educational institution can come in picture and helps out the future of the country. Teachers and professors in education institutes has better vision to understand the interest of the students and guide them in proper way. And it has been reviewed that students consider their teachers advices more compare to other.Every one knows that “youth is the power of country”. To guide them in proper way is essential requirement for each country. If one intelligent student enters in the filed in which he should not be then he can not bring out from that situation and put him in proper place. In that case he works, but not with heartand interest. And this mistake become mater of repentance for him for whole life. And no gain in the development of the country become possible from him.So it is crucial for Educational institutes to help out student to lead them in appropriate future. There must be separate department in each institute to handle this stuff of guiding the students with highly qualified teachers. They should arrange Vocational guidance session to let the student to understand the filed of their interest and get information about there likeness. They must set arrangement to keep the students from being away from influences and listening words off heart towards their likeness. It also requires to give training to the teachers for this purpose.Without Acquiring the youth of country in proper manner, progress of the country is not possible And Educational institutes are the main source to lead the student in the field of their interest and likeness. So they have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.GRE Analytical Writing ISSUE Essay T opic - 006 / 014 / 096 / 116A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

GRE Issue Task范文5篇（中英双语）第一篇：Issue Task: Education and Critical Thinking | 教育与批判性思维英文版：Topic Statement:The best way to teach critical thinking is through formal education.Essay:The role of formal education in cultivating critical thinking skills is a topic of debate. While some argue that it is the best way to impart such skills, others believe that critical thinking can be nurtured through various means beyond the classroom.Proponents of formal education emphasize the structured environment it provides. In a classroom setting, students are exposed to diverse subjects, engage in intellectual discussions, and receive guidance from qualified educators. These experiences can undoubtedly enhance critical thinking abilities. Moreover, formal education often includes assignments and assessments that challenge students to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information, fostering essential thinking skills.On the other hand, critics contend that critical thinking is not confined to formal education alone. Everyday life offers countless opportunities for individuals to think critically. From solving real-worldproblems to making informed decisions, people continuously exercise their critical thinking skills outside the classroom. Furthermore, exposure to different cultures, hobbies, and experiences can also stimulate critical thinking. It is arguable that learning from a variety of life experiences can be just as effective, if not more so, than relying solely on formal education.In conclusion, the development of critical thinking is a multifaceted process. While formal education undeniably plays a significant role, it should not be considered the sole avenue for nurturing these skills. Critical thinking can thrive in both structured classroom environments and the richness of everyday life experiences. Therefore, a comprehensive approach that combines the best of both worlds is likely the most effective way to foster critical thinking skills.中文版：议题陈述：通过正式教育是教授批判性思维最好的方式。

GRE Argument Task范文5篇（中英双语）第一篇：GRE Argument Task Topic: Government Funding for the Arts | 艺术领域的政府资助英文版：Topic Statement:Government funding for the arts should be increased.Essay:Introduction:The question of whether government funding for the arts should be increased is a subject of ongoing debate. Proponents argue that such funding is essential to support cultural enrichment and creativity, while critics claim that it can lead to misuse of public resources. This essay will explore the reasons for increasing government funding for the arts and address potential concerns.Reasons for Increasing Government Funding for the Arts:Firstly, government support for the arts promotes cultural diversity and creativity. Artistic expression in all its forms—painting, music, theater, and literature—enriches society by reflecting its diverse perspectives and experiences. Increased funding allows for the creation of more art programs and exhibitions, fostering a vibrant cultural scene that benefits all citizens.Secondly, investing in the arts has economic benefits. The arts sector generates jobs, boosts tourism, and stimulates local economies. Museums, theaters, and galleries attract tourists and create employment opportunities, making it a sound investment for governments looking to promote both culture and economic growth.Addressing Concerns:Critics argue that government funding may lead to wasteful spending or biased cultural support. To address this concern, governments can establish rigorous oversight and accountability measures. Transparent allocation of funds, regular audits, and independent panels for evaluating art projects can ensure that taxpayer dollars are spent responsibly and fairly.In conclusion, increasing government funding for the arts is a prudent investment in cultural enrichment and economic growth. It promotes creativity, cultural diversity, and economic benefits while addressing concerns through proper oversight. Therefore, governments should consider increasing their support for the arts to nurture a more vibrant and culturally rich society.中文版：议题陈述：应该增加政府对艺术的资助。

GRE英语作文分类题库(科技类)五科技类1. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’s efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time.2. Money spent on research is almost always a good investment， even when the results of that research are controversial.3. Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Technological innovations have taken place， but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War， violence， and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity.4. When research priorities are being set for science， education， or any other area， the most important question to consider is ：How many people’s lives will be improved if the results are successful.5. The function of science is to reassure； the purpose of arts is to upset. Therein lies the value ofeach.6. Technology creates more problems than it solves， and may threaten or damage the quality of life.7. Most important discoveries or creations are accidental： it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.。

GRE作文分类题库ISSUE二学习类 ..joxue. 1. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose vies contradict our own. Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning. ..joxue. 2. No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study. ..joxue. 3. Anyone can make things bigger and more plex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction-in other words, to make things as simple as possible. ..joxue. 4. Students should memories facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little. ..joxue. 5. Scholars and researches should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem. ..joxue. 6. In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information. ..joxue. 7. Facts are stubborn things. Theycannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions. ..joxue. 8. Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of aepting it passively. ..joxue. 9. There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer’s expectations ordesires. ..joxue. 10. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds. ..joxue. 11. Critical judgment of work, in any given field has little value unless es from someone who is an expert in that field. ..joxue. 12. People who pursue their own in ___ectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the publicgood. ..joxue. 13. Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought before; it means putting old ideas together in new ways. ..joxue. 14. The study of ac academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes. ..joxue. 15. The way students and scholars interpret the materials they workwith in their academic fields is more of personality than of training. Different interpretations e about when people with different personalities look at exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see differentthings. ..joxue. 16. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not bee more prehensible, but more plex and more mysterious. ..joxue. 17. It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data. ..joxue.三行为类 ..joxue. 1. Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, they in fact, prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals. ..joxue. 2. Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expectthat they will lose at least some of theirprivacy. ..joxue. 3. Creating an appealing image has bee more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image. ..joxue. 4. The concept of‘individual responsibility’ is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals aountable fortheir own actions, people’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. ..joxue. 5. People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual petition does. ..joxue. 6. In any realm of life-whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to sueed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of vies. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options. ..joxue. 7. It isprimarily through our identification with social groupsthat we define ourselves. ..joxue. 8. Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress. ..joxue. 9. Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic suess requires conformity. ..joxue.10. People who are the most deeply mitted to an idea or policy are the most critical of it. ..joxue. 11. No amount of information can eliminate prejudice because prejudice is rooted in emotion, not reason. ..joxue. 12. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently mitted in particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influencedby shifts in popular opinion will aomplish little. ..joxue.13. Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes. ..joxue. 14. In any given field, the leading voices e from people who are motivated not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority. ..joxue. 15. It is always an individual whois the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual. ..joxue.16. Suess, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and--, eventually, --to change it. ..joxue. 17. Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work. ..joxue. 18. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable. ..joxue. 19. People often look forsimilarities, even between very different things, and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms, we should avoid the tendency to pare it to something else. ..joxue. 20. People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more plex and challenging than the problems, faced by their predecessors. Thus illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience. ..joxue.21. Moderation in all things is ill-considered advice. Rather, one should say, ‘Moderations is most things,’since many areas of human concern require or at leastprofit from intense focus. ..joxue. 22. Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one’s friends, to one’s school or place of employment, or to any institution—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force. ..joxue. 四政治类 ..joxue. 1. It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. ..joxue. 2. There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjustlaws. ..joxue. 3. To be an effective leader, a publicofficial must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. ..joxue. 4. It is impossible for an effective political leader to ___ the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician. ..joxue.5. Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other. ..joxue.6. Laws should not be stationary and fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take aount of various circumstances, times, and places. ..joxue.7. The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for mon ground and reasonable consensus. ..joxue.五科技类 ..joxue. 1. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’s efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time. ..joxue. 2. Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research arecontroversial. ..joxue. 3. Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are stillwith us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity. ..joxue. 4. When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is : How many people’slives will be improved if the results aresuessful. ..joxue. 5. The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of arts is to upset. Therein lies the value of each. ..joxue. 6. Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life. ..joxue. 7. Most important discoveries or creations are aidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we e across the answer to another. ..joxue.六传媒类 ..joxue. 1. In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books. ..joxue. 2. The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will ‘be like’ the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves. ..joxue. 3. Because of television and worldwide puter connections, people can nowbee familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon beeobsolete. ..joxue. 4. High-speed electronic munications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful munication. ..joxue. 5. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjectied to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished. ..joxue.七社会类 ..joxue. 1. Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune- ___ing, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstreamscience. ..joxue. 2. Society does not place enough emphasis on the in ___ect-that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills. ..joxue. 3. It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement that we bee aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated. ..joxue.4. At various times in the geological past, many species have bee extinct as a result of natural, rather than human,processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species. ..joxue. 5. The absence of choices is a circumstance that is very, very rake. ..joxue. 6. What society has thought to be it greatest social, political, and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent. ..joxue. 7. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority. ..joxue. 8. Tradition and modernization are inpatible. One must choose between them. ..joxue. 9. The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their panies. ..joxue. 10. Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated. ..joxue. 11. Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. ..joxue. 12. Practicality is now our great ideal, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today’s world. ..joxue. 13. It is easy to wele innovation andaept new ideas. What most people find difficult, however,is aepting the way these new ideas are put intopractice. ..joxue. 14. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines. ..joxue. 15. Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contrasting points of vies...joxue.八历史类 ..joxue. 1. The video camera provides such an aurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has bee a more important form of documentation than written records. ..joxue. 2. Most people would agree that building represent a valuable record of any society’s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historicbuildings so that contemporary needs can beserved. ..joxue. 3. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries. ..joxue. 4. The study of history places toomuch emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten. ..joxue. 5. The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our dailylives. ..joxue. 6. When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we bee story ___ers. Becauses we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are story ___ers. ..joxue. 7. So much is new and plex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present. ..joxue. 8. The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time aresignificantly different from people who lived at any other time in history. ..joxue.九艺术类 ..joxue. 1. Imaginative works such as novels, plays, films, fairytales, and legends present a more aurate and meaningful picture of human experience than do factual aounts. Because the creators of fiction shape and focus onreality rather than report it literally, their creations have a more lasting significance. ..joxue. 2. The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society. ..joxue. 3. ‘It is the artist, not the critic,’ who gives society something of lasting value. A person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films music, paintings, etc. ..joxue. 4. As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the basic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the arts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money. ..joxue. 5. In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to mostpeople. ..joxue.十文化类 ..joxue. 1. ___s must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated. ..joxue. 2. Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished senseof who they are. ..joxue. 3. The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can ___ much about a society’s ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people. ..joxue. 4. The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creations rather than in its scientificaomplishments. ..joxue.十一国际类 ..joxue. 1. All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world’s most persistent social problems. ..joxue. 2. Many of the world’s lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The government of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from being extinct. ..joxue. 3. With the growth of global works in such areas as economics and munication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society—including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences—will benefit greatly from international influences. ..joxue. 4. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but thegeneral welfare of all its people. ..joxue. 5. The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries. ..joxue.模板,内容仅供参考。

1.保证：assurance/guarantee一.作文重点题目➢社会与自然：Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.社会应该努力拯救濒危物种，只要这些物种的灭绝是人类活动的结果。

The speaker claims that society should make efforts to save endangered species only caused by human activities. I agree with the speaker insofar as saving endangered species is the responsibility of human beings. After all, human beings are the ruler of nature. But, in my perspective, merely focusing on saving those endangered species only caused by human activities is unilateral.1.The variety of plant and animal is important to practical utilization.1)Discovering the order of evolution;2)Valuable gene pool and raw material drug: traditional Chinese medicine.3)Technological imitation from the specious: sonar as a result of imitating dolphin.2.Human should do so even from a moral position.1)Plant and animal is the most important components of nature. When all ...die out, the daywill come soon.2)Human beings as the ruler of nature should take the responsibility to help other species.Let alone those endangered species because of human activities.3)Men have the responsibility to rescue: pollution, environments destroy, catching andkilling excessively causing the plant and animal to die out much faster. For example: tiger and whale;3.However, some kinds of1)"Survival of fittest": some animals do have their lethal shortages and would decline evenwithout humans, saving those species which are biological elimination is against the nature and of no help.2)When we save a kind of animal, we may do harm to another kind. Thus the proper way isthat human should try their best to keep the balance of nature as it is rather than change the nature as humans' purpose. Human and Nature should perform their own functions respectively.3)Instead of saving, the restrictions on human ourselves are more important: pollution,environmental destroy, catching and killing excessively.4)The extinction of species is the warning of the deterioration of the environment whichwould early or late threaten human beings.Conclusion:No matter from the position of practical utilization or morality, human both should ... However, it should be noticed that... Therefore, we should find out the real reason of dying out. Furthermore, we should pay more a...to➢教育目的：Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.教育机构应该积极鼓励学生选择那些为将来高收入工作铺路的研究领域。

千里之行，始于足下。

202X年新GRE写作Issue题库中英文对照及分类整理完全版以下是202X年新GRE写作Issue题库中英文对照及分类整理：1. Education- Issue 1: The best way to teach is to praise positive actionsand ignore negative ones.中文：最好的教学方式是赞扬积极行为，忽略消极行为。

- Issue 2: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside their major field of study.中文：大学应要求每个学生修读多种专业以外的课程。

- Issue 3: The primary purpose of education should be to teach critical thinking skills.中文：教育的主要目的应该是教授批判性思维能力。

- Issue 4: Government funding for education should prioritize STEM fields over humanities and social sciences.中文：政府对教育的资助应将重点放在STEM领域，而不是人文社科领域上。

2. Technology- Issue 5: Technology is making people less creative.中文：科技正在削弱人们的创造力。

- Issue 6: Technology is necessary for the future of education.中文：科技对于教育的未来是必不可少的。

- Issue 7: The government should regulate the use of personal technology devices in public places.第1页/共3页锲而不舍，金石可镂。

GRE作文分类题库－ISSUE（３）九艺术类1. Imaginative works such as novels, plays, films, fairytales, and legendspresent a more accurate and meaningful picture of human experience than dofactual accounts. Because the creators of fiction shape and focus onreality rather than report it literally, their creations have a morelasting significance.2. The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hiddenideas and impulses of a society.3. ‘It is the artist, not the critic,’ who gives society something oflasting value. A person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, filmsmusic, paintings, etc.4. As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack thebasic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support thearts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all thepotential uses of such money.5. In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or asong—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.十文化类1. Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financialsupport they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in citiesthat a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated.2. Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies orgroups of people have a diminished sense of who they are.3. The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes andinterests. You can tell much about a society’s ideas and values byobserving the appearance and behavior of its people.4. The true value of a civilization is reflectedin its artistic creationsrather than in its scientific accomplishments.十一国际类1. All nations should help support the development of a global universitydesigned to engage students in the process of solving the world’s mostpersistent social problems.2. Many of the world’s lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer andfewer people speak them. The government of countries in which theselanguages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becomingextinct.3. With the growth of global networks in such areasas economics andcommunication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society—includingeducation, politics, the arts, and the sciences—will benefit greatly frominternational influences.4. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of itsrulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.5. The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarilyconnected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries.。

英语考试作文GRE写作Issue部分精品素材分享之科技类想要在GRE作文部分的考试中写出优秀的文章，论据素材是重要的一环。

好的论据不仅能帮助你支撑观点，加强说服力，还能体现出考生在阅读量上的积累和深厚扎实的语言功底基础。

特别是ISSUE作文，更是需要大量好素材作为储备，才能保证考生无论遭遇那种题目，都能游刃有余地完成一篇高分作文的写作。

为大家整理了GRE ISSUE作文各类题目的精品优质素材，一起来看吧。

数字革命的后果The progressive digitization of mass media and telecommunications content begins to blur earlier distinctions between the communication of information and its processing, as well as between people and machines. Digitization makes communications from persons to machines, between machines, and even from machines to persons as easy as it is between persons. Also blurred are the distinctions among information types: numbers, words, pictures, and sounds,and eventually tastes, odors, and possibly even sensations; all might one day be stored, processed, and communicated in the same digital format.On a societal level, the digital and ICT revolutions make possible better and cheaper access to knowledge and information. This speeds up transactions and processes and reduces their cost, which in turn benefits citizens and consumers.移动电话对社会的影响A mode of communication that is more prevalent in the developing world than the computer-based Internet is the mobile phone. In most of Asia the mobile phone has become a familiar gadget. Interestingly, mobile phones are not used only for making voice calls but also for short messaging. It is believed that in the developing world more people will access the Internet via mobile phones than computers.“Cell-telephony”also fits a social pattern organized around communities of choice and individualized interaction based on the selection of time, place, and partners of the interaction. In addition, the development of wireless Internet increases the possibility of personalized networking to a broader range of social situations. This enhances thecapacity of individuals to rebuild structures of sociability from the bottom up.技术的发展Technology development is the process of research and development of technology. The specific steps of technology development depend on the underlying technology. Examples of technology development include:1. Software engineering2. Bio-technology3. Nano-technology技术进步的三大阶段If we look at the history of technology and its development, we will see that the dot-com bust is part of the normal pattern of events in any technological revolution. Technology revolution starts with the introduction of one or more technologies that enables the new cluster.1. The new technology cluster, at first little noticed, achieves successes in early demonstrations. Technical people start small companies based on the new ideas. These new companies compete intensely in this early turbulent phase, when government regulation is largely absent, and assuccesses mount in a technical free-for-all environment. The promise of extraordinary profit looms. The public begins to speculate.2. The middle phase sees a sustained build-out or golden age of the technology, during which the technology becomes the engine of growth for the economy. Large companies and oligopolies reign, and the period is one of confidence and prosperity.。

九艺术类1. Imaginative works such as novels, plays, films, fairytales, and legends present a more accurate and meaningful picture of human experience than do factual accounts. Because the creators of fiction shape and focus onreality rather than report it literally, their creations have a morelasting significance.2. The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.3. ‘It is the artist, not the critic,’ who gives society something oflasting value. A person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films music, paintings, etc.4. As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack thebasic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support thearts is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—when one considers all the potential uses of such money.5. In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.⼗⽂化类1. Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in citiesthat a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated.2. Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are.3. The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society’s ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people.4. The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic creationsrather than in its scientific accomplishments.⼗⼀国际类1. All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world’s most persistent social problems.2. Many of the world’s lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The government of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct.3. With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society—including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences—will benefit greatly from international influences.4. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.5. The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries.。