东华理工大学2018年《815电子技术基础》考研专业课真题试卷

昆明理工大学2018年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码：815 考试科目名称：电子技术（含模拟、数字部分）
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

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10.8V
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第 1 页共6页。

2018华东理工大学计算机考研815真题思路分析关于一些基本的信息，大家应该从官网上都了解过了，招生人数，分数线等等，这些我就不赘述了，我想提供一些跟另外两个帖子不同的信息，例如对于2018年初试专业课试卷的回忆以及卷子的特点，以及专业课复习的思路，还有2018复试笔试，面试的特点，供大家参考：先说说初试吧1.815难度在哪里2.815的复习策略结合去年的情况，之前的情况（之前是有回忆帖），815的试卷，选择填空比较简单，都是非常简单常见的题型，考察的知识点很普通，没有绕弯子的题，难点在于815大题，2018年大题没记错应该是6道，回忆如下：1.求二叉树的宽度（王道原题，常规）2.银行家算法（王道原题，常规）3.考场分发试卷（pv操作）考场同时只能进入一个人，老师必须等学生都坐满之后再分发试卷，老师必须等学生试卷全部交完之后才能离开有序考场。

用pv操作模拟上述过程4.计组首先是一个cache性能速率的计算5.记不得啦~6.一个数据流图，问你几个概念名词，有三问，但没听说过（有点偏）计组的三道大题我个人觉得比较偏，跟王道计组上的出题方式不一样，考察的知识点也差很多很多，知识点位于大黑书上，但是那本书太厚太多，抓不住重点。

所以当时不会写的题我就把题目抄了一遍，安慰自己，结合我后来的分数来看，专业课150分，基本上丢分都丢在了计组的三道题，（抄题目那道是15还是20分，当然我是0分啦~），除了计组3题，其他数据结构和操作系统的题目都算常规，专业课下功夫了应该不是问题，综上，个人认为815的难点就在于计组的那3道大题了~再来谈谈815的选择填空题，之前说过了，815的选择填空题比较简单，选择题具体考察的知识点记不清了，但是有不少是王道上面的原题，但是有不少是王道上面的原题，但是有不少是王道上面的原题，不是原题的部分基本上也跟王道上差不多，综上，选择题的复习思路就是：把王道上的选择题好好做，考前可以适当记忆，时间复杂度，二叉平衡树的删除，二叉平衡树的查找，数组存储，pv操作，死锁概念，等等，这些都是基本的知识点，都不难，所以务必要掌握全，王道上有些比较难的选择题，可以做做，但是不当做重点~填空题记不太清了，有大根堆向上调整（好几年都是这个原题），这个题需要把数据结构上的大根堆算法熟练记忆了，还有一些基本的概念题，总体也不难~现在总结下815初试的特点，并给出相应复习策略815特点：815填空选择较为简单，大题是重点（后期专业课复习的重点要放在大题中）大题中，计算机组成原理的三道题比较偏，属于难点，数据结构，操作系统相对好拿分对应的复习策略：选择填空在复习的时候要全面，而且不用投入太多精力到偏难的知识点，因为选择题分数基本拉不开差距（我考试的时候，25道中很多题目基本上一眼就能看出来，如果投入太多时间性价比就不是太高了~），有些典型的知识点题目考前可以适当记忆（因为我确实碰到了王道上原题）对于大题，大家知道计组的三道大题知识点位于大黑书上，那本大黑书问题就是内容太多，题目太多，可能你花了很多时间也找不到重点，弄不清楚出题方式，所以，只能通过大致回忆帖来找找思路（最好的解决方式就是有真题，当然我没有~）操作系统的大题，要把王道上面pv操作，银行家算法的各种类型大题熟练操作并记忆（因为确实有原题），熟练记忆之后这部分分数应该可以顺利拿到~数据结构大题，相对辛苦一些，要把所有可能考到的算法内容熟练掌握，链表，二叉树等等，王道后面的大题也要多做，不要抱侥幸心理，这部分分数想拿到就老老实实多做题~以上，就是初试部分，后续更新~。

192018Part I Reading Comprehension (50% 2.5*20)In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Text AThe bag is one of the most simple and useful things in the world. It is a container made of paper or cloth. It has given the world many strange expressions that are not very simple. Some of them are used in the United States today.One is “bagman ”. It describes a go-between. The go-between sees to it that money is passed —often illegally —from one person to another. Another widely-used expression is to “let the cat out of the bag”. It is used when someone tells something that was supposed to be secret. No one can explain how the cat got into the bag. But there is an old story about it.Long ago tradesmen sold things in large cloth bags. One day a woman asked for a pig. The tradesman held up a cloth bag with something moving inside it. He said it was a live pig. The woman asked to see it. When the dishonest tradesman opened the bag, out jumped a cat —not a pig. The tradesman’s secret was out. He was trying to trick her. And now everybody knew it.The phrase “to be left holding the bag” is as widely used as the expression “to let the cat out of the bag”. This expression makes the person left holding the bag responsible for an action, often a crime or misdeed. That person is the one who is punished. The others involved in the act escape. Where the expression came from is not clear. Some say that General George Washington used it during the American Revolutionary War. One of Washington’s officers, Royall Taylor, used the expression in a play about Daniel Shay’s rebellion. The play was in 1787, after Taylor helped to put down Shay’s rebellion.Shay led a thousand war veterans in an attack on a federal building in Springfield, Massachusetts. Guns were in the building. Some of the protesters were farmers who had no money to buy seed. Some had been put in prison for not paying their debts. They were men。

考研真的是一件考研耐力和意志力的事情，需要你不断坚持和努力才能获得成功，所以你必须要想清楚自己为什么要考研，这一点非常重要，因为只有确认好坚定的动机，才能让你在最后冲刺阶段时能够坚持下来。

如果你只是看到自己周围的人都在考研而决定的考研，自己只是随波逐流没有坚定的信心，那么非常容易在中途就放弃掉了，而且现在考研非常火热，这就意味着竞争也会非常激烈，而且调剂的机会都会非常难得，所以备考时的压力也会比较大，所以大家一定要调整好心态，既不能压力太大，也不能懈怠。

虽关于择校问题是非常重要的，个人建议一定要趁早，因为即使同一专业，不同学校的考试科目也未必完全一致。

如果同学们一时之间不知道选择那所学校，千万不要把过度的精力浪费在这上面，因为，备考复习工作是一天都不能丢的，所以在未定学校之前千万要保持学习进度。

因为考试内容都是一样的，大家可以筛选一些目标院校，有了一个大致方向，现阶段自己的不会过于慌乱，不会整天胡思乱想。

介于考研方面有太多的问题要讲，所以这篇文章便是我的种种干货和经验的整理，篇幅会比较长，希望大家耐心看完后会有所帮助，结尾处附赠我的学习资料。

东华理工大学电子信息的初试科目为：（101）思想政治理论(204)英语二(302)数学二(825)电子技术基础参考书目为：《模拟电子技术基础》（第五版），童诗白、华成英主编，高等教育出版社，2015年；《数字电子技术基础》（第六版），阎石主编，高等教育出版社，2016年先介绍一下英语现在就可以开始背单词了，识记为主（看着单词能想到其中文章即可，不需要能拼写）从前期复习到考试前每天坚持两到四篇阅读（至少也得一篇）11月到考试前一天背20篇英语范文（能默写的程度）。

那些我不熟悉的单词就整理到单词卡上，这个方法也是我跟网上经验贴学的，共整理了两本，每本50页左右，正面写英语单词，背面写汉语意思。

然后这两本单词卡就陪我度过了接下来的厕所时光，说实话整理完后除了上厕所拿着看看外还真的没专门抽出空来继续专门学单词。

东华理工大学2018年硕士生入学考试初试试题科目代码： 812 ; 科目名称：《分析化学（含仪器分析》；（ A 卷）适用专业（领域）名称： 070300化学一、选择题：（共13小题，每小题2分，共30分）1. 以EDTA滴定法测定石灰石中CaO[M r(CaO)=56.08]含量, 采用 0.02 mol/LEDTA 滴定, 设试样中含CaO约50 % , 试样溶解后定容至250 mL, 移取25 mL进行滴定, 则试样称取量宜为-------------------------------------------------------------------------------( )(A) 0.1 g 左右(B) 0.2 g ~ 0.4 g (C) 0.4 g ~ 0.8 g (D) 1.2 g ~ 2.4 g2. 微溶化合物A2B3在溶液中的解离平衡是: A2B3==2A + 3B。

今已测得B的浓度为3.0×10-3mol/L,则该微溶化合物的溶度积K sp是------------------------------------------( )(A) 1.1×10-13 (B) 2.4×10-13 (C) 1.0×10-14 (D) 2.6×10-113. 以下银量法测定需采用返滴定方式的是--------------------------------------------------( )(A)莫尔法测Cl-(B)吸附指示剂法测Cl-(C)佛尔哈德法测Cl-(D)AgNO3滴定CN-(生成Ag[Ag(CN)2]指示终点4. 气液色谱中，保留值实际上反映的是下列哪两者间的相互作用---------------------( )(A)组分和载气(B)载气和载体(C)组分和固定液(D)组分和载体5. 测定铁矿中 Fe 的质量分数, 求得置信度为 95％时平均值的置信区间为35.21%±0.10%。

东华理工大学2018年硕士生入学考试初试试题科目代码：821;科目名称：《土力学》；（A卷）适用专业（领域）名称：岩土工程一、名词解释题：（共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）1.土的固结度2.前期固结应力3.有效应力4.主动土压力5.土的抗剪强度二、填空题：（共5小题，每空1分，共10分）1.土的不均匀系数Cu越大，颗粒级配曲线越__________。

2.依据被土颗粒吸附的牢固程度，吸着水分为__________和__________，其中影响土的性质的是___________。

3.测定土的颗粒组成的常用方法有__________和__________。

4.土颗粒矿物成分分为原生矿物和次生矿物两大类，其中次生矿物主要为黏土矿物，常见的黏土矿物有______________、______________和_________________。

5.粘性土的抗剪强度定律的表达式___________________________。

三、单项选择题：（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1.土的物理指标中，可由实验直接测定的三个指标是_______。

A.孔隙比、密度、含水率B.密度、含水率、比重C.孔隙比、比重、密度2.在通常的工程结构压力作用下，土体的压缩变形主要是由_______引起。

A.孔隙体积的减少B.孔隙中水的变形C.土颗粒的变形D.土颗粒和孔隙中水的变形3.某土的液性指数I L大于1，则该土处于________。

A.流塑状态B.可塑状态C.半干硬状态4.土体圧缩曲线e-p是在_______下得到的。

A.三轴条件B.无侧限试验条件C.有侧限试验条件5.土的一维固结微分方程表示了______的关系。

A.固结度与时间B.孔隙水压力与时间和深度C.孔隙水压力与时间6.有M、N两厚度及物理性质相同的饱和粘土层，其应力分布也相同，但M土层为双面排水，N土层为单面排水，则M、N两土层达到同一固结度所需时间之比为_____。

注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效
第 1 页，共 2 页 东华理工大学2016年硕士生入学考试初试试题
科目代码： 811 ; 科目名称：《数据结构（含C 程序设计）》；（A 卷） 适用专业（领域）名称：077500、081200计算机科学与技术
一、编写程序题：（共5小题，每小题12分，共60分）
1. 某百货公司进行促销活动，对于购物价格x≥5000元的8折，5000>x≥3000元的
8.5折，3000>x≥1000的9折，否则没有折扣。

编写函数，计算对购物x 元的折后价。

2. 计算1+(1×2)+(1×2×3)+…+(1×2×3×…×n)。

3. 已知一个班1门课的成绩，计算高于平均分的学生人数所占的百分数。

4. 输入一行字符，统计出26个大小写英文字母的个数。

5. 从键盘输入一串字符，除了空格，逐个把这些字符写入磁盘文件中，直到用户输入一个‘@’为止。

二、综合过程题：（共9小题，每小题10分，共90分）
1.设结点的类型如下：
typedef struct node
{ char data;
struct node *next;
}linklist;
编写建立带头结点的单链表的函数,结点值从键盘输入，当输入为‘#’时结束。

2.已知顺序栈的结构定义如下，编写出栈的函数。

typedef struct
{ int d[100];
int top;
}sqstack;
3.已知二叉树如下图，写出其前、中、后续的遍历结果。

注意：答案请做在答题纸上，做在试卷上无效
东华理工大学2016年硕士生入学考试初试试题
科目代码：333;科目名称：《教育综合》；（A卷）
适用专业（领域）名称：教育硕士
一、名词解释题：（共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）
1、《学记》
2、广义的个体发展
3、活动课程
4、有意义学习
5、知识迁移
二、简答题：（共4小题，每小题15分，共60分）
简析体力劳动与脑力劳动的分离与对立对教育的影响
简述洋务学堂兴办的目的、特点与类别及其有代表性的学堂
简述赫尔巴特的教学论
简述新一轮基础教育课程改革的目标
三、论述题：（共2小题，每小题25分，共50分）
1、有一个很通俗的说法，教师“要给学生一碗水，自己就要有一桶水”，意思是说，教师应该有丰富的学识，有足够的知识储备，一个教师如果想教给学生一点知识，自己就要掌握许多知识，惟有如此，教师的教学才能游刃有余，收到好的效果。

请你从教育理论与实践的角度，对此说法加以论述
2、如果你是一位老师，面对一班学习动机强弱不同的学生，你会从哪些方面来激发他们的学习动机？请结合教育学和教育心理学的理论加以论述
第1页，共1页。

东华理工大学2018年硕士生入学考试初试试题科目代码： 840 ; 科目名称：《综合英语》；（ A 卷）适用专业（领域）名称：学科教学（英语）Part I Reading Comprehension (50%，2.5*20)In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Text AThe bag is one of the most simple and useful things in the world. It is a container made of paper or cloth. It has given the world many strange expressions that are not very simple. Some of them are used in the United States today.One is “bagman”. It describes a go-between. The go-between sees to it that money is passed — often illegally — from one person to another. Another widely-used expression is to “let the cat out of the bag”. It is used when someone tells something that was supposed to be secret. No one can explain how the cat got into the bag. But there is an old story about it.Long ago tradesmen sold things in large cloth bags. One day a woman asked for a pig. The tradesman held up a cloth bag with something moving inside it. He said it was a live pig. The woman asked to see it. When the dishonest tradesman opened the bag, out jumped a cat — not a pig. The tradesman’s secret was out. He was trying to trick her. And now everybody knew it.The phrase “to be left holding the bag” is as widely used as the expression “to let the cat out of the bag”. This expression makes the person left holding the bag responsible for an action, often a crime or misdeed. That person is the one who is punished. The others involved in the act escape. Where the expression came from is not clear. Some say that General George Washington used it during the American Revolutionary War. One of Washington’s officers, Royall Taylor, used the expression in a play about Daniel Shay’s rebellion. The play was in 1787, after Taylor helped to put down Shay’s rebellion.Shay led a thousand war veterans in an attack on a federal building in Springfield, Massachusetts. Guns were in the building. Some of the protesters were farmers who had no money to buy seed. Some had been put in prison for not paying their debts. They were menwho fought one war against the king of England, and were now prepared to fight against their own government. Most of the rebels were captured. Shay and some of the officers escaped.In his play, Taylor describes Shay as disappearing, giving others “the bag to hold”.A bag is useful in many ways. Just be careful not “to let the cat out of the bag”, or someone may leave you “holding the bag”.1. According to the passage, a bagman refers to _________________.A) a person who travels around carrying his things in a bag B) a vagrant workerC) a person who delivers or collects money for criminals D) a homeless person2. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the story about “let the cat out of the bag”?A) The tradesman wanted to play a joke with the woman.B) The woman wanted to buy a cat.C) The tradesman kept a cat in a plastic bag.D) The tradesman lied to the woman that he had a live pig in the bag.3. What can we infer from the story “to be left holding the bag”?A) The person left holding the bag was completely innocent.B) The person left holding the bag took no responsibility for committing crimes.C) Many farmers protested against the government because they couldn’t pay their debts.D) Many protesters became the scapegoats for Shay and his officers.4. What does the last sentence of this passage mean?A) A bag has many different functions.B) People should often keep secret or they will be left to take the responsibility for everything.C) People should watch out and learn to take the responsibility for their actions.D) You will have to hold the bag if you let the cat out of it.5. The best title for this passage is ________________.A) Don’t Let the Cat Out of the Bag B) To Be Left Holding a BagC) Words and Their Stories: Bag Expressions D) Bag: A Useful ContainerText BTraditional plant breeding involves crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross naturally．For example，disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed with high-yield wheat to combine these properties．This type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictable．Genetic engineering（GE）involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes with each other．GE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species—e.g. putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoes．It is possible that a scorpion toxin gene，even when it is in maize DNA，will still get the organism to produce scorpion toxin, but what other effects may it have in this alien environment？We are already seeing this problem—adding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them grow—but it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross-eyed，which was entirely unpredictable．It will be obvious，for example，that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA, but what side-effect would it have？In other words，is GM food safe to eat？The answer is that nobody knows because long-term tests have not been carried out．Companies wanting a GM product approved in the UK or U.S. are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety tests．Monsanto’s soya beans were apparently fed to fish for ten weeks before being approved．There was no requirement for independent testing，for long-term testing，for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic people．The current position of the UK Government is that “There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.” In the U.S.，the American Food and Drug Administration (AFDA) is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GM foods．6. Genetic engineering .A) involves crossing varieties of the same speciesB) is safe and fairly predictableC) is dangerous and entirely unpredictableD) covers the exchange of genes between different species7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A) The side-effect of adding human growth hormone to pigs is that pigs may acquire somediseases of human.B) Human intelligence gene functions differently in human DNA and in cabbage DNA.C) In the UK or U.S., a GM product cannot be approved before the results of its safetytests are provided.D) Tests show that GM foods have specific dangers to children or allergic people.8. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.B) The UK government and the U.S. government have different attitudes towards GMfoods.C) The AFDA in the U.S. was charged with concealing some research findings.D) The governments of the UK and the U.S. are protecting the GM foods.9. The possible title for the passage might be .A) Safe to Eat? B) GM Food NeedsC) Genetic Engineering D) A New Way of Breeding10. What’s the writer’s attitude towards GM food?A) Neutral. B) Positive. C) Negative. D) Indifferent. Text CFaces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child－or even an animal, such as a pigeon－can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so.But if you were asked to describe a “nice person,” you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types---- people are described with such terms.People have always tried to “type” each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s or the hero’s role. In fact, the words “person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask”. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys” from the “bad guys” because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.11. The main idea of this passage is ____________.A) how to distinguish people’s facesB）how to describe people’s personalityC) how to distinguish people both inward and outwardD) how to differ good persons from bad persons12. The author is most probably a _________.A) behaviorist B) psychologist C) sociologist D) scientist13. Which of the following is NOT true?A) Different people may have different personalities.B) People differ from each other in appearance.C) People can learn to recognize faces.D) People can describe all the features of others.14. The reason why it is easier to describe a person’s personality in words than his face is that________.A) a person’s face is more complex than his personalityB) a person’s personality is easily distinguishedC) a person’s personality is very complexD) many words are available when people try to describe one’s personality15. W e learn from the passage that people classify a person into a certain type according to________.A) his way of acting and thinking B) his way of speaking and behavingC) his learning and behavior D)his physical appearance and hispersonalityText DIt is often helpful when thinking about biological processes to consider some apparently similar yet better understood non-biological process. In the case of visual perception an obvious choice would be colour photography. Since in many respects eyes resemble cameras, and percepts photographs, is it not reasonable to assume that perception is a sort of photographic process whereby samples of the external world become spontaneously and accurately reproduced somewhere inside our heads? Unfortunately, the answer must be no. The best that can be said of the photographic analogy is that it points up what perception is not. Beyond this it is superficial and misleading. Four simple experiments should make the matter plain.In the first a person is asked to match a pair of black and white discs, which are rotating at such a speed as to make them appear uniformly grey. One disc is standing in shadow, the other in bright illumination. By adjusting the ratio of black to white in one of the discs the subject tries to make it look the same as the other. The results show him to be remarkably accurate, for it seems he has made the proportion of black to white in the brightly illuminated disc almost identical with that in the disc which stood in shadow. But there is nothing photographic about his perception, for when the matched discs, still spinning, are photographed, the resulting print shows them to be quite dissimilar in appearance. The disc in shadow is obviously very much darker than the other one. What has happened? Both the camera and the person were accurate, but their criteria differed. One might say that the camera recorded things as they look, and the person things as they are. But the situation is manifestly more complex than this, for the person also recorded things as they look. He did better than the camera because he made them look as they really are. He was not misled by the differences in illumination. He showed perceptual constancy. By reason of an extremely rapid, wholly unconscious piece of computation he received a more accurate record of theexternal world than could the camera.In the second experiment a person is asked to match with a colour card the colours of two pictures in dim illumination. One is of a leaf, the other of a donkey. Both are coloured an equal shade of green. In making his match he chooses a much stronger green for the leaf than for the donkey. The leaf evidently looks greener than the donkey. The percipient makes a perceptual world compatible with his own experience. It hardly needs saying that cameras lack this versatility.In the third experiment hungry, thirsty and satiated people are asked to equalize the brightness of pictures depicting food, water and other objects unrelated to hunger or thirst. When the intensities at which they set the pictures are measured it is found that hungry people see pictures relating to food as brighter than the rest (i.e. to equalize the pictures they make the food ones less intense), and thirsty people do likewise with “drink” pictures. For the satiated group no differences are obtained between the different objects. In other words, perception serves to satisfy needs, not to enrich subjective experience. Unlike a photograph the percept is determined by more than just the stimulus.The fourth experiment is of a rather different kind. With ears plugged, their eyes beneath translucent goggles and their bodies either encased in cotton wool, or floating naked in water at body temperature, people are deprived for considerable periods of external stimulation. Contrary to what one might expect, however, such circumstances result not in a lack of perceptual experience but rather a surprising change in what is perceived. The subjects in such an experiment begin to see, feel and hear things which bear no more relationship to the immediate external world than does a dream in someone who is asleep. These people are not asleep yet their hallucinations, or so-called ‘autistic’ perceptions, may be as vivid, if not more so, than any normal percept.16. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that _______.A. colour photography is a biological processB. vision is rather like colour photographyC. vision is a sort of photographic processD. vision and colour photography are very different17. In the first experiment, it is proved that a person _______.A. makes mistakes of perception and is less accurate than a cameraB. can see more clearly than a cameraC. is more sensitive to changes in light than a cameraD. sees colours as they are in spite of changes in the light18. The second experiment shows that ________.A. people see colours according to their ideas of how things should lookB. colours look different in a dim lightC. cameras work less efficiently in a dim lightD. colours are less intense in larger objects19. What does “to equalize the brightness” (Line 1, Para. 4) mean?A. To arrange the pictures so that the equally bright ones are together.B. To change the lighting so that the pictures look equally bright.C. To describe the brightness.D. To move the pictures nearer or further away.20. The group of experiments, taken together, proves that human perception is _______.A. unreliableB. mysterious and unpredictableC. less accurate than a cameraD. related to our knowledge, experience and needsPart II Translation ( 50 Points)Section A :For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.（30%）1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。