判断TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN并标注定位、考点及判断原则1.expanding at a bit over3%a year,the(比较考点：比较关系正确）2.if delays in shipment tie up working capital and（是非考点：看cheap labour是否能保证有效贸易，文章说delays in shipment会使trade失去优势，考点错误，主宾关系不成立）3.In(FALSE（是非考点：看是否由teacher改作业，文章说学生改作业，考点错误，主宾关系不成立）4.The ISTP study compared the proportion of wealth poured into transport by thirty-seven cities around the world. (FALSE)The ISTP study examined public and private systems in every city of the world.（程度考点：看范围是否是每个城市，文章说37个城市，范围错误）5.Professor Peter Newman,ISTP director,pointed out that these more efficient cities were able to put the difference into attracting industry and jobs or creating a better place to live.(TRUE)Efficient cities can improve the quality of life for their inhabitants.（是非考点：看efficient cities能否提升生活质量，文章说create a better place to live=improve the quality of life.同义替换）of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many（是非考点：看人们是否喜欢住outer suburbs，文章说inner suburbs有住宿需求增长，反义词）7.By the year2050,nearly80%of the Earth’s population will live in urban centers.Applying the most conservative estimatespeople by then.8.The Russian director Andrei Tarkovsky,one of the greatest of all film artists,described the film as a”work of genius”. (NOT GIVEN)The Lumiere Brothers’film about the train was one of the greatest films ever made.（程度考点：看Lumiere Brothers的电影是不是最伟大的电影之一，定位句里没说程度）9.When an organisation is shrinking,the best and most mobile workers are prone to leave voluntarily.Unfortunately,they are the ones the organisation can least afford to lose--those with the highest skills and experience.(FALSE)A shrinking organisation tends to lose its less skilled employees rather than its more skilled employees.（比较考点：文章说最好的最有能动性的员工会离开，与题干反义）10.High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goals and where there is independence and feedback.（FALSE）High achievers are well suited to team work.（是非考点：看high achievers是不是适合team work,文章说independence，反义）11.Bicycle use was not included in the study but Newman noted that the two most“bicycle friendly”cities considered--Amsterdam and Copenhagen--were very efficient,even though their public transport systems were“reasonable but not special”.(TRUE)Cities with high levels of bicycle usage can be efficient even when public transport is only averagely good.（是非考点：看自行车使用率高的城市是否有效，when引导的状语从句默认成立)12.More than two hundred years ago,Russian explorers and fur hunters landed on the Aleutian Islands,a volcanic archipelago in the North Pacific,and learned of a land mass that lay farther to the north.The islands’native inhabitants called this land mass Aleyska,the‘Great Land’;today,we know it as Alaska.(FALSE)The inhabitants of the Aleutian islands renamed their islands‘Aleyska’.（是非考点：看Aleutian的岛民有没有给这个岛重命名，文章说call this Aleyska，说明没有重命名，关系错误)13.An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in1956resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA)to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States.(FALSE)The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.（因果考点：看FAA建立的原因是不是introduction of the jet engine，文章说原因是an accident，考点错误）14.At the turn of the20th century,agriculture and manufacturing were the two most important sectors almost everywhere, accounting for about70%of total output in Germany,Italy and France,and40%-50%in America,Britain and Japan. International commerce was therefore dominated by raw materials,such as wheat,wood and iron ore,or processedcommodities,such as meat(NOT GIVEN)Japan than France.（比较考点：看Japan进口的肉是不是比France多，文章没比较NOT GIVEN）15.many potential advantages for the system.All the food could be grown organically,pesticides and fertilisers.for certain crops in vertical farms.（是非考点：看vertical farms是否需要化肥，文章说eliminate the need，消除了这种需要，反义）16.Rudimentary air traffic control((FALSE)Air Traffic Control（数字/时间考点：after和before反义）17.million measurements a second to be made,locating flaws the unaided eyeat detecting faults in glass.（比较考点：文章说inspection technology可以探测到unaided eye裸眼不能看见的错误，同义替换)18.What we appreciate,enjoy or marvel at in the works of genius or the achievements of prodigies are the manifestations of skills or abilities which are similar to,but so(TRUE)The skills of ordinary individuals skills of prodigies.（是非考点：看天才的才能在本质上是否与普通人相同，文章说similar to，说明本质上是一样的，同义替换）19.Alaska’s commercial fisheries have(NOT GIVEN)Alaska’s fisheries（是非考点：看fisheries是不是由世界上的大公司所拥有的，文章说这些fisheries成为了世界上最大的，没说被谁拥有的事，考点没出现）20.The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland is the world’s first and only rotating boat lift.Opened in2002,it is central to the ambitious ￡84.5m Millennium Link project to restore navigability across Scotland by reconnecting the historic waterways of the Forth&Clyde and Union Canals.(FALSE)The Falkirk Wheel has linked the Forth&Clyde Canal with the Union Canal for the first time in their history.(是非考点：判断是不是第一次连接，文章说reconnecting，说明不是第一次，考点词错误）21.Because of their tremendous breeding potential and genetic diversity,many pests are known to withstand synthetic chemicals and bear offspring with a built-in resistance to pesticides.(TRUE)A number of pests are now born with an innate immunity to some pesticides.（是非考点：看一些害虫是否天生对杀虫剂有抵抗力，文章with a buil-in resistance=born with an innate immunity,同义替换)22.Virtually all pupils at this stage attend state schools:only3per cent are in the private sector.Schools are usually modern in design,set well back from the road and spacious inside.(NOT GIVEN)Private schools in Japan are more modern and spacious than state-run lower secondary schools.（比较考点：看private schools和state-run lower secondary schools谁更宽敞现代化，文章没比,考点没出现）23.When handled by experts,bio-control is safe,non-polluting and self-dispersing.(TRUE)Bio-control is free from danger under certain circumstances.（是非考点：看bio-control是否是危险的文章说safe=题干free from danger,同义替换）24.Catches have not always been so healthy.Between1940and1959,overfishing led to crashes in salmon populations so severe that in1953,Alaska was declared a federal disaster area.(TRUE)Between1940and1959,there was a sharp decrease in Alaska’s salmon population.（是非考点：看鱼的数量是否减少，文章说crash=sharp decrease，同义替换）25.In a sociological explanation,the subject merges his unique personality and personal moral code with that of larger institutional structures,surrendering individual properties like loyalty,self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.(FALSE)In a sociological explanation,personal values are more powerful than authority.（比较考点：看personal values个人价值是否比authority更有力，文章说individuals properties会屈从于authority，反义）26.Little was known about the transport demands of the rural households,so Phase I,between December1985and December 1987,focused on research.The socio-economic survey of more than400households in the district indicated that a household in Makete spent,on average,seven hours a day on transporting themselves and their goods.(FALSE)Phase I consisted of a survey of household expenditure on transport.（是非考点：看Phase I的调查是否是家庭在交通上的开支，文章说调查的是运输的时间）27.Quinine is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree,native to South America.(NOT GIVEN)The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.（程度考点：看提取quinine的树是否只长在South America，文章说native to，没有范围）28.The US Congress voted NASA$10million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. (NOT GIVEN)The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.（是非考点：看NASA project是非引起了国会的批评，文章没提）29.We may envy their achievements and fame,but we should also recognise the price they may have paid in terms of perseverance,single-mindedness,dedication,restrictions on their personal lives and demands upon their energies and time,and how often they had to display great courage to preserve their creativity or to make their way to the top. (TRUE)Genius often pay a high price to achieve greatness.（是非考点：看天才是否付出了很高的代价去获得成功，文章说我们得意识到他们的代价）30.While the fashions of the time might shape what is currently popular,works that are best adapted to our visual system may be the most likely to linger once the trends of previous generations have been forgotten.(FALSE)People’s taste in paintings depends entirely on the current artistic trends of the period.（是非考点：看人们对于画的品味是否取决于现在的艺术趋势，文章说只有适应我们的视觉系统最好的作品才能留下来一旦趋势被遗忘,考点错误，FALSE)31.The value of his definition,Dingle argues,is that it focuses attention on what the phenomenon of wildebeest migration shares with the phenomenon of the aphids,and therefore helps guide researchers towards understanding how evolution has produced them all.(FALSE)Dingle’s aim is to distinguish between the migratory behaviours of different species.（是非考点：看Dingle的目标是否是区分不同物种的迁徙行为，文章说是研究共性，反义FALSE)32.A few years ago,in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology,Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested40subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a leader in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.(NOT GIVEN)Several of the subjects were psychology students at Yale University.（是非考点：看有没有subjects是耶鲁大学的心理学学生，文章说40个实验对象来自生活的各行各业，那就有可能有耶鲁大学的心理学学生，也可能没有，判断不了，NOT GIVEN)33.Beforehand,through meeting with the staff and satisfied students,the students develop the expectation that language learning will be easy and pleasant and that they will successfully learn several hundred words of the foreign language during the class.(FALSE)Prior to the class,students are made aware that the language experience will be demanding.（是非考点：看language experience是否是困难的，文章说是easy and pleasant，反义)34.Consequently,the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian,a specialised academic approach devoted to discovering the meaning of art within the cultural context of its time.This is in perfect harmony with the museum’s function,since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving authentic and original readings of the exhibits. (FALSE)The approach of art historians conflicts with that of art museums.（是非考点：看art historians的方法是否与art museums的方法冲突，文章说in perfect harmony，完美和谐，反义）35.Notwithstanding all the damage that will continue to be caused by wildfires,we will no longer suffer the lose of life like in the past because measures that have been put in place.(FALSE)The loss of life from fires will continue at the same levels,despite changes made.（是非考点：看大火造成的生命损失是否是同样水平，文章说no longer suffer the loss of life like in the past,不会像过去一样遭受大火损失，反义)36.It would be foolish to reduce art appreciation to a set of scientific laws.(FALSE)Scientists should seek to define the precise rules which govern people’s reactions to works of art.（是非考点：看科学家是否应该试图定义精确规则，文章说把艺术欣赏减到科学定律上是愚蠢的，反义）37.If identical twins are more similar to each other with respect to an ailment than fraternal twins are,then vulnerability to the disease must be rooted at least in part in heredity.(NOT GIVEN)Twins are at greater risk of developing certain illness than non-twins.（比较考点：看twins和non-twins谁有更大风险得一些疾病，文章比的是identical twins和fraternal twins，即同卵异卵双胞胎在比，比的不是同一件事，NOT GIVEN)38.We are probably all familiar with background music in films,which has become so ubiquitous as to be noticeable in its absence.(TRUE)Audiences are likely to be surprised if a film lacks background music.(是非考点：看缺乏背景音乐时audience是否会surprised，so ubiquitous as to be noticeable说明背景音乐太无处不在了以至缺失的时候观众会特别注意，句子归纳表达意思一致）39.The effects of sound are often largely subtle and often are noted by only our subconscious minds.(FALSE)Audiences tend to be aware of how the background music is affecting them.（是非考点：看audience能不能意识到背景音乐怎么影响他们，文章说背景音乐的影响非常弱，只能潜意识注意到，反义FALSE）40.Cinema might,for example,have become primarily a documentary form.Or it might have developed like television--as a strange,noisy transfer of music,information and narrative.But what happened was that it became,overwhelmingly,a medium for telling stories.(FALSE)Storylines were important in very early cinema.（是非考点：看storyline在早期电影中是否重要，文章开始有个虚拟语气，说cinema应该变成一种记录形式，但实际上它成为了一种telling stories的介质，说明现在故事情节很重要，早期是以记录为主）41-42.Early embryos of many species develop ancestral ter in development these features disappear thanks to developmental programs that say“lose the leg”.If for any reason,this does not happen,the ancestral feature may not disappear,leading to an atavism.(FALSE)The temporary occurrence of long-lost traits in embryos is rare.(TRUE)Evolutionary throwbacks might be caused by developmental problems in the womb.（41.是非考点：看长期丢失的特征的临时出现是否是罕见的，文章说many species都有，反义FALSE)（42.是非考点：看进化返祖是否是由developmental problems造成的，文章说developmental programs会让祖先特征消失，如果这个没发生，那就是developmental problems，祖先特征就会出现，归纳总结TRUE)43-44.The Lapita spread themselves a third of the way across the Pacific,then called it quits for reasons known only to them. Ahead lay the vast emptiness of the central Pacific and perhaps they were too thinly stretched to venture farther.They probably never numbered more than a few thousand in total,and in their rapid migration eastward they encountered hundreds of islands--more than300in Fiji alone.(TRUE)It remains unclear why the Lapita halted their expansion across the Pacific.(NOT GIVEN)It is likely that the majority of Lapita settled on Fiji.(43.是非考点：看Lapita停止扩张的原因是否unclear，文章说原因只有他们自己知道=unclear；44.程度考点：看majority of Lapita是否驻扎在Fiji上，文章只说了他们在Fiji遇见了很多岛屿，NOT GIVEN）45-46.Large sample international comparisons of pupils’attainments since the1960s have established that not only did Japanese pupils at age13have better scores of average attainment,but there was also a larger proportion of low attainers in England,where,incidentally,the variation in attainment scores was much greater.The percentage of Gross National Product spent on education is reasonably similar in the two countries,so how is this higher and more consistent attainment in maths achieved?(TRUE)There is a wider range of achievement amongst English pupils studying maths than amongst their Japanese counterparts.(FALSE)The percentage of Gross National Product spent on education generally reflects the level of attainment in mathematics.(45.比较考点：文章说England学生the variation in attainment scores was much greater=a wider range of achievement.同义替换TRUE46.是非考点：看percentage of Gross National Product能否反映数学成绩，文章说两个国家花的钱是相似的，但日本学生成绩好，说明钱不能反应成绩）47-48.As researchers on aging noted today,no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging--the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we grow older.But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie yet nutritionally balanced diet,works incredibly well in a broad range of animals,increasing longevity and prolonging good health.(FALSE)Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old.(TRUE)There is scientific evidence that eating fewer calories may extend human life.(47.available与no treatment on the market反义；48.eating fewer calories=low-calorie，extend human life=increasing longevity)49-52.For taxonomy,or classification,long series,from a single nest,which contain all castes(workers,including majors and minors,and if present,queens and males)are desirable,to allow the determination of variation within species.For ecological studies,the most important factor is collecting identifiable samples of as many of the different species present as possible.Unfortunately,these methods are not always compatible.The taxonomist sometimes overlooks whole species in favor of those groups currently under study,while the ecologist often collects only a limited number of specimens of each species,thus reducing their value for taxonomic investigations.(TRUE)Taxonomic research involves comparing members of one group of ants.(NOT GIVEN)New species of ant are frequently identified by taxonomists.(TRUE)Range is the key criterion for ecological collections.(FALSE)A single collection of ants can generally be used for both taxonomic and ecological purposes.(49.one group=a single nest51.Range=as many of the different species present as possible;52.文章说taxonomist忽略整个物种群体，偏向正在研究的，而ecologist是每个物种只收集有限数量的，while表对比，说明两个目的不一样）53-54.If appropriate works of fine art could be rendered permanently accessible to the public by means of high-fidelity reproductions,as literature and music already are,the public may feel somewhat less in awe of them.Unfortunately,that may be too much to ask from those who seek to maintain and control the art establishment.(NOT GIVEN)Reproduction of fine art should only be sold to the public if they are of high quality.(FALSE)In the future,those with power are likely to encourage more people to enjoy art.(53.程度考点：判断是不是只卖给public高质量的，文章没有范围）(54.是非考点：判断those with power是否愿意鼓励人们享受艺术，文章说too much要求掌权的人做这件事，反义,FALSE）55-56.Plato expressed the idea that humour is simply a delighted feeling of superiority over others.Kant and Freud felt that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline. (NOT GIVEN)Plato believed humour to be a sign of above-average intelligence.(TRUE)Kant believed that a successful joke involves the controlled release of nervous energy.57.At the time of European Renaissance,emergent nation states of Europe developed competitive interests in world exploration and the development of trade.(NOT GIVEN)There was strong competition between scientists in Renaissance Europe.(是非考点：看科学家之前是否竞争激烈，文章只说了欧洲国家对世界探索，贸易发展有兴趣）58.Bamboo are perennial grasses that remain in a vegetative state for many years and then suddenly flower,fruit and die. (FALSE)Bamboos flower several times during their life cycle.(程度考点：看是不是several times，文章说开花结果死亡，说明开花只有一次，范围错误，FALSE)。
