Signal representation, attribute extraction and, the use of distinctive features for phonet
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注册登录•论坛•搜索•帮助•导航SoC Vista -- IC/FPGA设计家园» 30分钟必答 - 无限制提问专区» 设计未完成阶段进行面积评估如何防止被优化12下一页返回列表回复发帖mentor00超级通吃版主1#打印字体大小: t T发表于 2009-11-8 09:48 | 只看该作者设计未完成阶段进行面积评估如何防止被优化(本文来自anthonyyi的来信。
请大家一起来解答。
)为了对整个设计进行性能和面积的评估在模块尚未全部完成的阶段进入FPGA综合阶段在顶层设计中instance了所有已完成的模块但这些模块中有的由于后续模块没有完成,其输出悬空,即没有load在Synplify下使用Syn_noprune属性发现在compile阶段能保留上述模块,其RTL view显示模块存在在map之后观测Technology view发现上述模块已经被优化掉只剩下输入端口,且无drive故综合报告无实际意义和参考价值想请教在如何不改变顶层模块的输出管脚而使综合保留上述无输出的模块个人想到一种,用syn_probe将输出net probe出来,但这样会有风险因为综合工具似乎只会保留这些与该输出有关的逻辑而优化掉其他的部分而且该步骤没有进行实战确认:(本主题由 admin 于 2009-12-2 07:56 加入精华收藏分享评分回复引用订阅 TOPmentor00超级通吃版主2#发表于 2009-11-8 10:04 | 只看该作者我想可以参考一下下面的转载内容提问:我使用的是synplify pro综合verilog语言,例化了一个BUF,在综合结果里也看到了这个BUF,但是在MAP是这个BUF还是被优化掉了,请问用什么方法将这个BUF保留下来?解答:在这个BUF两端的信号线上加上下面的属性——wire bufin /* synthesis syn_keep=1 xc_props="X" */;wire bufout /* synthesis syn_keep=1 xc_props="X" */;解释下:1、syn_keep=1就是保留这个信号线,是它成为一个instance(synplify的),然后就可以对它添加XILINX的约束属性;2、xc_props=“”是synplify为XILINX保留留的约束属性,可以透传到ISE的实现中去,从而约束实现过程。
1.Activity patterns 活动模式2.Added value 附加值3.Analytical cartography 分析制图4.Application programming interfaces 应用编程接口5.Aspatial data 非空间数据6.Association of geographic information 地理信息协会7.Attribute data 属性数据8.Attribute representation and transformation 属性表现和转9.Attributive geographic data 属性地理数据10.Availability and accessibility 可用性和可获取性11.Azimuthal projections 方位投影12.Batch vectorization 批量矢量化13.Beer consumption 啤酒消费14.Benchmarking 基准15.Binary counting system 二进制计算系统16.Binomial distribution 二项式分布17.Bivariate gaussian distribution 二元高斯分布18.Block encoding 块编码19.Brian best fit line 最优线20.Capture costs 获取代价21.Capture project 获取工程22.Cartesian coordinate system笛卡尔坐标系23.Cartograms 统计地图24.Cartographic generalization 制图综合25.Cartographic modeling 地图建模26.Cartometric transformations 量图变换27.Catalog view of database 数据库目录视图28.Census data人口普查数据29.Census of population 人口普查30.Central place theory 中心区位论31.Central point rule 中点规则32.Central tendency 中心倾向33.Choropleth mapping分区制图34.Classification procedures 分类过程35.Cluster analysis 聚类分析36.Coastline weave 海岸线37.Codified knowledge 编码知识38.Collection workflow 采集工作流39.Collection-level metadata 获取级元数据40.Commercial-off-the-shelf systems 成熟的商业化系统41.Component object model 组件对象模型42.Computer assisted mass appraisal 辅助大量估价"43.Computer-aided design-based geographic information systems 基于计算机辅助制图的地理信息系统44.Computer-aided software engineering tool 计算机辅助软件工程工具45.Confidence limits 置信界限46.Conformal property 等角特性47.Confusion matrix 混淆矩阵48.Conic projections 圆锥投影49.Consistency and quality 一致性和质量50.Constant term 常数项51.Contagious diffusion 传染扩散52.Content standards for digital geospatial metadata 数字地球空间元数据目录标准53.Continuing professional development 持续专业发展54.Cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析55.Cost-effectiveness evaluation 成本效率评估56.Counting method 计算方法57.Cylindrical equidistant projection 圆柱等距投影58.Cylindrical projections 圆柱投影59.Dasymetric mapping 分区密度制图60.Data model 数据模型61.Data storage 数据存储62.Database management system 数据库管理系统63.Database management systems 数据库管理系统64.Decision support 决策支持65.Deductive reasoning 演绎推理66.Degrees of freedom 自由度67.Density estimation 密度估算68.Dependence in space 空间依赖69.Desktop geographic information systems 桌面地理信息系统70.Desktop paradigms 桌面范例71.Digital chart of the world 世界数字化图72.Digital divide 数字鸿沟73.Digital earth 数字地球74.Digital elevation models 数字高程模型75.Digital line graph 数字线划图76.Digital raster graphic 数字影像图77.Digital representation 数字表现78.Digital terrain models 数字地形模型79.DIME (dual independent map encoding) program 美国人口调查局建立的双重独立地图编码系统80.Discrete objects 离散对象81.Douglas-poiker algorithm 道格拉斯-普克算法,一种矢量数据抽稀算法82.Dublin core metadata standard 都柏林核心元数据标准83.Dynamic segmentation 动态分割84.Dynamic simulation models 动态仿真模型85.Ecological fallacy 生态谬误86.Electromagnetic spectrum 电磁光谱87.Emergency evacuation 应急撤退88.Environmental applications 环境应用89.Environmental impact 环境影响90.Equal area property 等面积特性91.Evacuation vulnerability 疏散的漏洞92.Evolution of 的演化93.Exploratory spatial data analysis 探测空间数据分析94.External validation 外部检验95.Federal geographic data committee 联邦地理数据协调委员会96.Finger-printing 指纹97.First law of geography 地理学第一法则98.First law of geography 地理学第一法则99.Fly-bys 飞行100.Forward sortation areas 由加拿大邮政编码前三位符号确定的地理范围101.Frame variogram 变异函数的框架102.Frequentist interpretations 频率论解释103.Friction values 摩擦力值104.Futures, geographic 未来,地理的105.Fuzzy approaches 模糊方法106.Fuzzy data analysis 模糊数据分析107.Fuzzy membership 模糊隶属108.Gap analysis 缝隙分析109.Gaussian distribution 高斯分布110.Geary index 基尔指数111.Genetic algorithms 遗传算法"112.Geographic data capture 地理数据获取113.Geographic data formats 地理数据格式114.Geographic data technology 地理数据技术115.Geographic database types 地理数据库类型116.Geographic extensions 地理扩展117.Geographic individual 地理个体118.Geographic information systems application servers 地理信息系统应用服务器119.Geographic information 地理信息120.Geographic names information system 地理名称信息系统121.Geographic problems 地理问题122.Geographic query and analysis 地理查询和分析123.Geographic representation 地理表现124.Geographical analysis machine 地理分析机125.Geography network 地理网络126.Geoinformation engineering 地理信息学工程127.Geological survey and defense mapping agency 地质测量和防卫制图机构128.Geological survey 地质测量129.Geoschematic visualization 地理视觉表现130.Geostationary orbit 与地球位置相对不变的轨道131.Global positioning system 全球定位系统132.Global spatial data infrastructure 全球空间数据基础设施133.Graphic symbols 图形符号134.Graphical data models 图形数据模型135.Graphical user interface 图形用户界面136.Great circle 大圆137.Grid index 网格索引138.Ground surveying 大地测量139.Half life 半衰期140.In practice 实际上141.In tax assessment 征税估价142.Indicator kriging 克利金法143.Inductive reasoning 归纳推理144.Information ownership 信息所有权145.Information science 信息科学146.Institute geographique national 国家地理所147.Intangible objectives 非明确目的148.Integrated development environment 集成开发环境149.Interaction modeling 交互模型150.Intercept term 拦截期限151.Interval attributes 间隔属性152.Inverse distance weighting 反距离权重法153.Invitation to tender 标案竞投154.Isopleth (isoline) maps 等值线地图155.Isotropic effects 等方性效果156.Knowledge economy 知识经济157.Knowledge of form 知识形式158.Kruger national park 克鲁格国家公园159.Lambert conformal conic projection 兰勃特等角圆锥投影160.Land information system 土地信息系统161.Landmark information system 地标信息系统162.Landsat thematic mapper sensor 陆地卫星163.Largest share rule 最大共享法则164.Levels of abstraction 提取等级165.Lifestyles data 生活方式数据166.Light metadata 轻量级元数据167.Linear distance decay 线性距离衰退168.Linear referencing systems 线性参考系统169.Living with 伴随…170.Local area network 局域网171.Local government 地方政府172.Local level 地方级173.Location-allocation problems 位置分配问题174.Location-based service 基于位置的服务175.Logical positivism 逻辑实证176.Market area analysis 市场区域分析177.Market penetration 市场渗透178.Martin cannibalizing 调拨179.Mean distance from the centroid 到质心的平均距离180.Mean square error 均方根误差181.Measurement error 测量误差182.Measurement of 误差测量183.Measurement scales 量测尺度184.Measuring degree 测量度185.Medieval art preservation 中世纪艺术保留" 186.Mercator projection 墨卡托投影187.Metric georeferences 公制地理参考188.Military maps 军用地图189.Military satellites 军用卫星190.Minimum aggregate travel 最小旅行距离191.Minimum bounding rectangle 最小外包矩形192.Minimum mapping unit 最小制图单元193.Model of geographic information systems innovation diffusion 地理信息系统创新扩散模型194.Modifiable areal unit problem 可变区域单元问题195.Moran index 莫然索引196.Move set 移动装置197.Multi-criteria decision-making 多标准决策支持198.Multiple objectives 多重目标199.Multiresolution seamless image database 多分辨率无缝的影像数据库200.Multi-user editing 多用户编辑201.Multivariate mapping 多元制图202.Napster napster公司文件交换软件203.National gap analysis program 国家缝隙分析计划204.National geospatial data clearinghouse (美国) 国家地球空间数据中心205.National grid of great britain 大不列颠国家网格206.National level 国家级207.National map accuracy standard 国家地图精度标准208.National mapping program 国家制图计划"209.National spatial data infrastructure 国家空间数据基础设施210.Navigation technologies 导航技术211.Negative autocorrelation 负自相关212.Network data model 网络数据模型213.Nominal attributes 名词属性214.Nominal case 名词格215.Nominal data 名词数据216.Nomothetic geography 以法律为依据的地理学217.Normative uses of geographic information systems 地理信息系统使用的标准化218.North american datum of 1983北美1983大地基准219.Null hypothesis 虚假设220.Object management group 对象管理组织221.Object-level metadata 对象级元数据222.Object-relational database management systems 对象关系型数据库管理系统223.Onstar system 移动信息系统224.Operational decisions 操作决策225.Operational navigation chart 操作导航图226.Optimized version 优化的版本227.Optimum paths 最优路径228.Ordinal attributes 顺序属性229.Ordinary least squares 最小二乘法230.Ordnance survey 全国地形测量231.Orienteering problem 定向运动问题232.Orthophotoquads 正射影象图233.Ownership of information 信息所有权234.Paper maps 纸质地图235.Paul customer support 客户支持236.Percent correctly classified 按正确率分类237.Per-pixel accuracy 像元精度238.Per-point accuracy 点精度239.Pessimistic locking 保守式锁定240.Photogrammetry 摄影测量241.Pie charts 饼图242.Pilot study 试点研究243.Planar projections 平面投影244.Planimeter method 测面计方法245.Planning assistance for superintendent scheduling 监督调度的规划协助246.Planning information system 规划信息系统247.P-median problem 中量问题248.Point in polygon 多边形内的点249.Point pattern analysis 点模式分析250.Polygon overlay 多边形叠置251.Positional error 定位误差252.Positive autocorrelation 正自相关253.Post codes 邮政编码254.Postal addresses 邮政地址255.Predictor variables 预报变量256.Pricing of geographical information 地理信息的定价257.Process knowledge 流程知识258.Professional geographic information systems 专业地理信息系统259.Public land survey system 公共土地测量系统260.Publishing industry 出版业261.Quadtree indexes 四叉树索引262.Quality of life 生活质量263.Radar topography mission 雷达地形测绘任务264.Raster compression techniques 栅格压缩技术265.Raster data capture 栅格数据获取266.Raster data model 栅格数据模型267.Raster overlay 栅格叠置268.Raster-based geographic information systems 基于栅格的地理信息系统269.Ratio attributes 比率属性270.Regression parameters 衰退参数271.Relational database management systems 关系数据库管理系统272.Relational databases 关系型数据库273.Relient energy 可靠性能源274.Remote sensing 遥感275.Representative fraction 典型的分形276.Request for proposals 请求提议277.Response variable 响应变量278.Routing problems 路径问题279.Rubber-sheeting 弹性伸缩280.Rule sets 规则集281.Run-length encoding 行程长度编码282.Sample frame 采样桢283.Sampling interval 采样间隔284.Satellite images 卫星影像285.Scale dependence 尺度依赖286.Scatterplot view of database 数据库散点图视图287.Schindler elevator corporation 迅达-电梯及自动扶梯公司288.Secant projections 切割投影289.Selective availability 选择可用性290.Self-similarity 自相似性291.Sierpinski carpet 施尔平斯基地毡292.Soil erosion 土壤侵蚀293.Spa marketing systems 温泉市场系统294.Space imaging 空间成像295.Spatial object representation and transformation 空间对象表现和转换296.Spatially aware professional 空间感知专业人员297.Species range maps 种类范围图298.Species richness maps 种类丰富图299.Spectral resolution 光谱分辨率300.Spurious polygon 乱真多边形301.Standard deviation 标准偏差302.Standard query language 标准查询语言303.State plane coordinates 美国平面坐标304.Statistical inference 统计推论305.Strategic decisions 战略决策306.Street centerline files 街道中心线文件307.Stripped-down metadata 分拆式元数据308.Subjectivist interpretations 主观解译309.SWOT analysis 优势(strength)、弱点(weakness)、机会(opportunities)、危机(threat)四点分析310.Symbolization generalization 符号综合311.Table view of dataset 数据集的表视图312.Tacit knowledge 默许知识313.Tactical decisions 战术决策314.Tangible objectives 切实目标315.Tax assessment 估税316.Temporal autocorrelation 时间自相关317.Temporal resolution 时间分辨率318.Terrain nominal 地形名词319.Theft of information 信息偷窃320.Thick client 胖客户端321.Thin client 瘦客户端322.Three-tier architecture 三层体系结构323.Time geography 时间地理324.Time-space geography 时空地理325.Topographic quadrangle maps 地形地图方格326.Topologic creation 拓扑建立327.Topologic dimension 拓扑维数328.Topologic properties 拓扑属性329.Topologically integrated geographic encoding and referencing files 集成图形地理编码参照文件330.Transactional databases 事务数据库331.Transverse mercator projection 横向墨卡托投影332.Tree indexes 树状索引333.Triangulated irregular network 不规则三角网334.Types and sources 类型和来源335.Unified modeling language 统一建模语言336.Universal polar stereographic projection 通用横球面投影337.Universal soil loss equation 全球土地流失方程338.Universal transverse mercator projection 全球横向墨卡托投影339.University consortium for geographic information science 地理信息系统大学委员会340.Unobserved predictor variables 未观测预报变量341.Unprojected projection 非预料投影342.User interaction 用户交互343.Using scanners 使用扫描仪344.Value adding 增值345.Vanessa layer 图层346.Vector data capture 矢量数据获取347.Vector data model 矢量数据模型348.Virtual reality 虚拟现实349.Visualization in scientific computing 科学计算可视化350.Water facility object data model 水设施对象数据模型351.Wavelet compression 小波压缩352.Wide area network 广域网"353.World wide web 万维网354.Worst-case scenario 最差情况355.Zero autocorrelation 零次自相关。
匹配追踪算法和基追踪英文回答:Matching Pursuit (MP) Algorithm and Basis Pursuit (BP)。
Matching pursuit (MP) and basis pursuit (BP) are two closely related algorithms used for signal reconstruction and decomposition. They are iterative greedy algorithmsthat aim to find the best representation of a signal as a linear combination of basis elements or atoms.Matching Pursuit Algorithm.MP is an iterative algorithm that starts with aninitial guess of the signal representation and then iteratively adds basis elements to the representation until a stopping criterion is met. At each iteration, MP selects the basis element that best matches the residual of the signal (the difference between the current representation and the original signal). The selected basis element isthen added to the representation, and the residual is updated.Basis Pursuit Algorithm.BP is a variation of MP that uses a regularization term to penalize the size of the representation. This regularization term helps to prevent overfitting and produces a more stable representation of the signal. BP solves a constrained optimization problem to find the representation that minimizes the sum of the squared error between the representation and the original signal and the regularization term.Applications.MP and BP are widely used in signal processing and machine learning applications, including:Signal denoising.Image compression.Feature extraction.Anomaly detection.Speech recognition.Advantages and Disadvantages.Advantages:Simple and computationally efficient.Can produce sparse representations.Can be used with a variety of basis sets.Disadvantages:Can be sensitive to noise.Does not always converge to the optimal solution.Can be slow for large signals.中文回答:匹配追踪算法和基追踪算法。
signal and system 英文原版书Title: An Overview of the Book "Signal and System"Introduction:The book "Signal and System" is an essential resource for anyone interested in understanding the fundamentals of signal processing and system analysis. It provides a comprehensive and in-depth exploration of the concepts, theories, and applications related to signals and systems. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of the book, highlighting its key points and relevance.I. Fundamental Concepts of Signals and Systems:1.1 Definition and Properties of Signals:- Explanation of signals as time-varying or spatially varying quantities.- Discussion on continuous-time and discrete-time signals.- Description of signal properties such as amplitude, frequency, and phase.1.2 Classification of Signals:- Overview of different types of signals including periodic, aperiodic, deterministic, and random signals.- Explanation of energy and power signals.- Introduction to common signal operations such as time shifting, scaling, and time reversal.1.3 System Classification and Properties:- Definition and classification of systems as linear or nonlinear, time-invariant or time-varying.- Explanation of system properties like causality, stability, and linearity.- Introduction to system representations such as differential equations, transfer functions, and state-space models.II. Time-Domain Analysis of Signals and Systems:2.1 Convolution and Correlation:- Detailed explanation of convolution and its significance in system analysis.- Discussion on correlation as a measure of similarity between signals.- Application of convolution and correlation in practical scenarios.2.2 Fourier Series and Transform:- Introduction to Fourier series and its representation of periodic signals.- Explanation of Fourier transform and its application in analyzing non-periodic signals.- Discussion on the properties of Fourier series and transform.2.3 Laplace Transform:- Overview of Laplace transform and its use in solving differential equations.- Explanation of the relationship between Laplace transform and frequency response of systems.- Application of Laplace transform in system analysis and design.III. Frequency-Domain Analysis of Signals and Systems:3.1 Frequency Response:- Definition and interpretation of frequency response.- Explanation of magnitude and phase response.- Analysis of frequency response using Bode plots.3.2 Filtering and Filtering Techniques:- Introduction to digital and analog filters.- Discussion on different filter types such as low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop filters.- Explanation of filter design techniques including Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic filters.3.3 Sampling and Reconstruction:- Explanation of sampling theorem and its importance in signal processing.- Overview of sampling techniques and their impact on signal reconstruction.- Discussion on anti-aliasing filters and reconstruction methods.IV. System Analysis and Stability:4.1 System Response and Impulse Response:- Explanation of system response to different input signals.- Introduction to impulse response and its relationship with system behavior.- Analysis of system stability based on impulse response.4.2 Transfer Function and Frequency Domain Analysis:- Definition and interpretation of transfer function.- Explanation of frequency domain analysis using transfer function.- Application of transfer function in system design and analysis.4.3 Feedback Systems and Control:- Overview of feedback systems and their role in control theory.- Explanation of stability analysis and design using control theory.- Discussion on PID controllers and their applications.V. Applications of Signal and System Theory:5.1 Communication Systems:- Explanation of modulation techniques and their role in communication systems.- Overview of demodulation techniques and their significance.- Discussion on error control coding and channel equalization.5.2 Digital Signal Processing:- Introduction to digital signal processing and its applications.- Explanation of digital filters and their role in signal processing.- Overview of image and speech processing techniques.5.3 Signal Processing in Biomedical Engineering:- Application of signal processing in biomedical signal analysis.- Discussion on medical imaging techniques such as MRI and CT scans.- Explanation of signal processing methods used in ECG and EEG analysis.Conclusion:The book "Signal and System" provides a comprehensive and detailed exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications related to signals and systems. It covers a wide range of topics including signal classification, system analysis, frequency-domain analysis, stability, and various applications. By studying this book, readers can gain a solid understanding of signal and system theory, which is essential in various fields such as communication, digital signal processing, and biomedical engineering.。
QUICK REFERENCE LabWindows/CVI™™System Requirements •Personal computer using a Pentium 600 or higher microprocessor• Microsoft Windows 2000/XP• 800 x 600 resolution (or higher) video adapter• Minimum of 128 MB of RAM, 256 MB recommended•150 MB free hard disk space •Microsoft-compatible mouse Installation1.Insert the CD into the CD drive.If the CD does not run automatically,open Windows Explorer, right-click the CD drive icon, and select AutoPlay.2. On installation startup, the NationalInstruments LabWindows/CVI 8.0screen appears.3. Continue to follow the instructionson the screen.National Instruments LabWindows/CVI is a proven test and measurement ANSI C development environment that increases the productivity of engineers and scientists. LabWindows/CVI streamlines application development with hardware configuration assistants, comprehensive debugging tools, and interactive execution utilities you can use to run functions at design time. Use the built-in measurement libraries to rapidly develop complex applications such as multithreaded programs and ActiveX server/client programs. The flexibility of LabWindows/CVI optimizes data acquisition, analysis, and presentation in test and measurement applications. LabWindows/CVILabWindows/CVI meets the changing needs of test engineers with an interactive development environment designed for virtual instrumentation. With easy-to-use development tools, you can quickly create, configure, and display measurements during program design, verification, and testing. LabWindows/CVI automates much of the manual coding and compiling.Product ResourcesNational Instruments provides extensive product resources for new and experienced LabWindows/CVI users.Online ResourcesFor complete technical information, developer exchange opportunities, and the latest news about LabWindows/CVI, visit :•Technical support•Online community•Sample programs•Application notes and white papers•Add-on products•Training information•Product tutorialsSample ProgramsUse the National Instruments Example Finder to browse and search installed examples and examples on NI Developer Zone. To launch the NI Example Finder from LabWindows/CVI, select Help»Find Examples.Documentation Resources•LabWindows/CVI Help—Use theLabWindows Help to accesscomprehensive information aboutLabWindows/CVI windows, functions,tools, and menus. To launch theLabWindows/CVI Help fromLabWindows/CVI, select Help»Contents.•Guide to Documentation—Use the Guideto LabWindows/CVI Documentation topicto find resources that can help youdevelop applications in LabWindows/CVI.The Guide to LabWindows/CVIDocumentation contains information fornew and upgrade users, directions forsearching installed PDFs and usingcontext-sensitive help, and links to PDFsof the following documents:–LabWindows/CVI Release Notes–Getting Started with LabWindows/CVI–LabWindows/CVI Instrument DriverDevelopers Guide–Application notes–White papersTo access the Guide to LabWindows/CVIDocumentation, select Guide toDocumentation in the LabWindows/CVIHelp table of contents.Designing User InterfacesDesign graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in the intuitive User Interface Editor.Select from controls designed specifically for instrumentation.1Customizing ControlsCustomize each GUI control with easy-to-use dialog boxes.2Generating CodeAutomatically generate an ANSI Cprogram based on the GUI withLabWindows/CVI CodeBuilder.CodeBuilder creates code thatresponds automatically to userevents such as mouse clicks,key presses, and menu selections.3Using Function PanelsUse interactive functionpanels to generate librarycalls, test the calls, andinsert them into the program.A function panel is agraphical representation ofa LabWindows/CVI functionand its parameters.4Editing Source CodeComplete your program using the built-in source editor. Use thesource code completion options to view functions, variables,prototypes, and help within the Source window. You also canaccess input selection dialog boxes for parameters and declareparameter variables from within the Source window.5Distributing ApplicationsCreate a distribution topackage your LabWindows/CVIapplication and all of itsdependencies so that you candistribute your application toanother computer.7DebuggingUse LabWindows/CVI debugging tools to catch common programming mistakes.The patented User Protection feature automatically checks for invalid programbehavior. Set breakpoints and use tooltips to pause program execution and viewor modify variable values.6National Instruments, NI, , and LabVIEW are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation. Refer to the Terms of Use section on /legal for more information about National Instruments trademarks. Other product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies. For patents covering National Instruments products, refer to the appropriate location: H H e l p»P a t e n t s in your software, the patents.txt file on your CD, or /patents. For a listing of the copyrights, conditions, and disclaimers regarding components used in USI (Xerces C++, ICU, and HDF5), refer to the USICopyrights.chm.© 2003–2005 National Instruments Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in Ireland.373551A-01Oct05LabWindows/CVIUse built-in instrumentation libraries to interface test applications to the outside world. LabWindows/CVI includes a large set of run-time libraries for instrument control, data acquisition, analysis, and user interface creation. This chart illustrates the classes in each library. To find specific functions, press <Ctrl-Shift-P> in the Source window. You also can use the Library Tree to browse to and search for functions.L a b W i n d o w s /C V I L i b r a r y R e f e r e n c e。
托业考试(TOEIC)阅读高频词汇总结托业考试又要来了,你们准备好了吗?下面是小编给大家总结的托业考试阅读高频词汇,考前可以冲刺一下。
托业考试(TOEIC)阅读高频词汇(一)adjust——To change so as to match or fit; cause to correspond修改=alter To adjust (a garment) for a better fit修改adjoining—— Neighboring; contiguous接临的=neighboring adaptation—— Something, such as a device or mechanism,that is changed or changes so as to become suitable to a new or special application or situation改装=modificationacute—— Extremely sharp or severe; intense强烈的=intense Keenly perceptive or discerning; penetrating聪明的=sharpaccustomed—— Being in the habit of习惯的=used toaccumulate—— T o gather or pile up; amass收集,堆集;积累=collectaccompany—— To be or go with as a companion陪伴=travel withaccompaniment—— Something, such as a situation, that accompanies something else; a concomitant伴随状况伴随发生的事物=attendant An accompanying thing or circumstance; a concomitant伴随物伴随的事物或情况;伴随物accommodate—— To provide for; supply with提供住处;供应=lodge To provide with temporary quarters,especially for sleeping提供住处acclaimed——To be praised enthusiastically and often publicly; applauded喝彩地,赞赏地=praisedaccelerate—— To cause to develop or progress more quickly 使加快=increasedabundance—— Fullness to overflowing丰富=profusion Thestate of being profuse; abundance丰富absurd——Ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable荒诞的,荒.唐的=preposterous Contrary to nature,reason,or common sense; absurd荒谬的abandon—— To give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit,especially as a result of danger or other impending threat离弃=give upawareness——shavingsknowledge or cognizance意识到的或认识到的=realizationavailable—— Present and ready for use; at hand; accessible 可用的现实可用的;手边的;可获得的=accessibleattribute—— A quality or characteristic inherent in or ascribed to someone or something品质、属性=characteristic,traitattire——Clothing or array; apparel服装、盛装;服饰=clothingattach—— To fasten, secure, or join系,贴或连接=fasten,stick toassortment—— A collection of various kinds; a variety多种多样=varietyastonishing—— Filling with sudden wonder or amazement 惊奇的,奇怪的=startlingastounding——T o be astonishing and bewildering震惊极为惊讶和迷惑不解=surprisingassemble——To bring or call togethersintosasgroupsor whole召集集合=gatheringascend—— To slope upward爬坡倾斜而上=climb ofascribe to——assume to be truearduous—— Demanding great effort or labor; difficult困难的=difficult,Testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous艰苦的=strenuous Requiring great effort, energy, or exertion艰巨的arid——Lacking moisture,especiallyshavingsinsufficient rainfall to support trees or woody plants干旱的缺乏水分=dry aptly——Exactly suitable; appropriately合适的=appropriatelyapproach—— To come near or nearer, as in space or time 接近靠近=nearappeal—— The power of attracting or of arousing interest吸引力=attractionapart from—— With the exception of; besides除…外;除…外还=except foranonymous——shavingsan unknown or unacknowledged name匿名的=unknownannually—— Recurring, done, or performed every year; yearly每年的=yearlyannihilate——To defeat decisively; vanquish战胜=conquer To defeat or subdue by force, especially by force of arms征服alloy—— To combine; mix融合;混合=blend, mixaltitude—— The height of a thing above a reference level,especially above sea level or above the earth's surface高度=elevationaffluent—— Generously supplied with money, property,or possessions; prosperous or rich富裕的=wealthyafflict—— To inflict grievous physical or mental suffering on 折磨=problemaffect—— To have or show a liking for喜欢=fondnessaesthetically——Artistically有艺术的,在艺术上的=artisticallyadverse—— Acting or serving to oppose; antagonistic敌对的=oppose, illadversely——harmfully or unfavorable有害的或不利的=negatively Marked by or exhibiting features, such as hostility,that cannot be deemed positive or constructive反面的advocate——One that argues for a cause; a supporter or defender支持者或保护者=proponent To speak, plead, or argue in favor of拥护演说=urge, preachadorn—— T o lend beauty to; decorate使美观为…增添美;装饰=decorateadopt—— To take on or assume采取采用或接受=take on托业阅读考试(TOEIC)高频词汇(二)brilliance——The state or quality of being brilliant光辉=radiantboundary—— Something that indicates a border or limit边界=dividing linebreach—— A violation or infraction, as of a law, a legal obligation, or a promise破坏,违犯=violationboost——To increase; raise增加;拔高;To raise or lift by pushing up from behind or below推、举=raiseblend——T o combine (varieties or grades) to obtain a mixture of a particular character, quality, or consistency把…掺在一起混合=combine, mixbizarre—— Strikingly unconventional and far-fetched in style or appearance; odd古怪的=oddbias—— A preference or an inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment偏见=prejudicebeam—— A ray or shaft of light光柱,光束=raybe characterized by——distinguishbarren—— Lacking vegetation, especially useful vegetation 不毛的=infertilebalmy—— Mild and pleasant温和的=mildcomprise—— To consist of; be composed of由…构成=consist of ,make upconception—— Something conceived in the mind; a concept,plan,design,idea,or thought概念、计划、设计或思想=notion A mental image or representation; an idea or conception 心理形象或象征;想法或构思composed of ——To create or produce (a literary or musical piece)创作或制作=createcomponent—— A constituent element, as of a system组成要素=element, partcomparable—— Similar or equivalent相似或相当=similarcompile——To put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources汇编=put togethecommunity—— Society as a whole; the public作为整体的社会;大众。
1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3. optical computer 光计算机4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9. silicon substrate 硅衬底10. vacuum tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data12. 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit13. 中央处理器central processing unit14. 个人计算机personal computer15. 模拟计算机analogue computer16. 数字计算机digital computer17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer18. 处理器芯片processor chip19. 操作指令operating instructions20. 输入设备input device1. artificial neural network 人工神经网络2. computer architecture 计算机体系结构3. robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序4. human-computer interface 人机接口5. knowledge representation 知识表示6. 数值分析numerical analysis7. 程序设计环境programming environment8. 数据结构data structure9. 存储和检索信息store and retrieve information10. 虚拟现实virtual reality1. data field 数据字段,数据域2. learning curve 学习曲线3. third-party solution 第三方解决方案4. Windows Media Player Windows媒体播放器5. 开始按钮Start button6. 指定输入区designated input area7. 手写体识别系统handwriting-recognition system8. 字符集character set1. function key 功能键,操作键2. voice recognition module 语音识别模块3. touch-sensitive region 触敏区4. address bus 地址总线5. flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6. dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机(针式打印机)7. parallel connection 并行连接8. cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9. video game 电子游戏10. audio signal 音频信号11. 操作系统operating system12. 液晶显示(器)LCD (liquid crystal display)13. 喷墨打印机inkjet printer14. 数据总线data bus15. 串行连接serial connection16. 易失性存储器volatile memory17. 激光打印机laser printer18. 磁盘驱动器disk drive19. 基本输入/输出系统BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)20. 视频显示器video display1. interrupt handler 中断处理程序2. virtual memory 虚拟存储(器),虚存,虚拟内存3. context switch 上下文转换,语境转换4. main memory 主存(储器)5. bit pattern 位模式6. 外围设备peripheral device7. 进程表process table8. 时间片time slice9. 图形用户界面graphical user interface10. 海量存储器mass storage1. code generator 代码生成程序,代码发生器2. abstract machine 抽象机3. program editor 程序编辑程序,程序编辑器4. configuration item 配置项5. 计算机辅助设计CAD (computer-aided design)6. 数据冗余data redundancy7. 指挥与控制系统command and control system8. 视频压缩与解压缩video compression and decompression1. storage register 存储寄存器2. function statement 函数语句3. program statement 程序语句4. object-oriented language 面向对象语言5. assembly language 汇编语言6. intermediate language 中间语言,中级语言7. relational language 关系(型)语言8. artificial language 人工语言9. data declaration 数据声明10. SQL 结构化查询语言11. 可执行程序executable program12. 程序模块program module13. 条件语句conditional statement14. 赋值语句assignment statement15. 逻辑语言logic language16. 机器语言machine language17. 函数式语言functional language18. 程序设计语言programming language19. 运行计算机程序run a computer program20. 计算机程序员computer programmer1. native code 本机(代)码2. header file 头标文件;页眉文件3. multithreaded program 多线程程序4. Java-enabled browser 支持Java的浏览器5. malicious code 恶意代码6. 机器码machine code7. 汇编码assembly code8. 特洛伊木马程序Trojan horse9. 软件包software package10. 类层次class hierarchy1. bar chart 条形图2. frequency array 频率数组3. graphical representation 图形表示4. multidimensional array 多维数组5. 用户视图user(’s) view6. 下标形式subscript form7. 一维数组one-dimensional array8. 编程结构programming construct1. inference engine 推理机2. system call 系统调用3. compiled language 编译执行的语言4. parallel computing 并行计算5. pattern matching 模式匹配6. memory location 存储单元7. interpreter program 解释程序8. library routine 库程序,程序库例行程序9. intermediate program 中间程序,过渡程序10. source file 源文件11. 解释执行的语言interpreted language12. 设备驱动程序device driver13. 源程序source program14. 调试程序debugging program15. 目标代码object code16. 应用程序application program17. 实用程序utility program18. 逻辑程序logic program19. 墨盒ink cartridge20. 程序的存储与执行program storage and execution1. messaging model 消息接发模型2. common language runtime 通用语言运行时刻(环境)3. hierarchical namespace 分层名称空间4. development community 开发界5. CORBA公用对象请求代理(程序)体系结构6. 基本组件base component7. 元数据标记metadata tag8. 虚拟机virtual machine9. 集成开发环境IDE(integrated development environment)10. 简单对象访问协议SOAP(Simple Object Access Protocol)1. procedure call 过程调用2. fault tolerance 容错3. homogeneous system 同构系统4. autonomous agent 自主主体5. 路由算法routing algorithm6. 异构型环境heterogeneous environment7. 多址通信协议multicast protocol8. 通信链路communication(s) link1. system specification 系统规格说明2. unit testing 单位(或单元、部件)测试3. software life cycle 软件生命周期(或生存周期)4. system validation testing 系统验证测试5. evolutionary development process 演化开发过程6. simple linear model 简单线性模型7. program unit 程序单元8. throwaway prototype 抛弃式原型9. text formatting 正文格式编排,文本格式化10. system evolution 系统演变11. 系统设计范例system design paradigm12. 需求分析与定义requirements analysis and definition13. 探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach14. 系统文件编制system documentation15. 瀑布模型waterfall model16. 系统集成system integration17. 商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf (或COTS) software18. 基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering (CBSE)19. 软件维护工具software maintenance tool20. 软件复用software reuse1. check box 复选框,选择框,校验框2. structured design 结构化设计3. building block 积木块,构建模块,构件4. database schema 数据库模式5. radio button 单选(按)钮6. 系统建模技术system modeling technique7. 模型驱动开发model-driven development8. 数据流程图data flow diagram9. 下拉式菜单drop-down (或pull-down) menu10. 滚动条scroll bar1. procedural language 过程语言2. common design structure 通用设计结构3. class and object interaction 类与对象交互4. design constraint 设计约束5. 设计模式design pattern6. 可复用软件reusable software7. 面向对象的系统object-oriented system8. 继承层次inheritance hierarchy1. end user 最终用户,终端用户2. atomic operation 原子操作3. database administrator 数据库管理员4. relational database model 关系数据库模型5. local data 本地数据6. object-oriented database 面向对象数据库7. database management system (DBMS) 数据库管理系统8. entity-relationship model (ERM) 实体关系模型9. distributed database 分布式数据库10. flat file 平面文件11. 二维表two-dimensional table12. 数据属性data attribute13. 数据库对象database object14. 存储设备storage device15. 数据类型data type16. 数据插入与删除data insertion and deletion17. 层次数据库模型hierarchical database model18. 数据库体系结构database architecture19. 关系数据库管理系统relational database management system (RDBMS)20. 全局控制总线global control bus1. nonvolatile storage system 非易失性存储系统2. equipment malfunction 设备故障3. wound-wait protocol 受伤―等待协议4. exclusive lock 排它锁,互斥(型)锁5. database integrity 数据库完整性6. 共享锁shared lock7. 数据库实现database implementation8. 级联回滚cascading rollback9. 数据项data item10. 分时操作系统time-sharing operating system1. base class 基(本)类2. data library 数据(文件)库3. data access stack 数据存取栈4. database-specific functionality 数据库特有的功能5. 默认设置default setting6. 异常处理程序exception handler7. β测试beta testing8. 桥接提供程序bridge provider1. microwave radio 微波无线电2. digital television 数字电视3. DSL 数字用户线路4. analog transmission 模拟传输5. on-screen pointer 屏幕上的指针6. computer terminal 计算机终端7. radio telephone 无线电话8. cellular telephone 蜂窝电话,移动电话,手机9. decentralized network 分散型网络10. wire-based internal network 基于导线的内部网络,有线内部网11. 光缆fiber-optic cable12. 传真机fax machine13. 无线通信wireless communications14. 点对点通信point-to-point communications15. 调制电脉冲modulated electrical impulse16. 通信卫星communication(s) satellite17. 电报电键telegraph key18. 传输媒体transmission medium (或media)19. 无绳电话cordless telephone20. 金属导体metal conductor1. bit map 位图,位映象2. parallel port 并行端口3. direct memory access (DMA) 直接存储器存取4. universal serial bus 通用串行总线5. general-purpose register 通用寄存器6. 电路板circuit board7. 串行通信serial communication8. 数码照相机digital camera9. 存储映射输入/输出memory-mapped I/O10. 有线电视cable televisionUnit Seven/Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Transfer2. cells3. label4. integratedII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. high-definition TV 高清晰度电视2. frame relay 帧中继3. data rate 数据(速)率4. metropolitan area network 城域网5. 机顶盒set-top box6. 多模光纤multi-mode fiber7. 协议堆栈protocol stack8. 虚拟路径标识符VPI (virtual path identifier)1. file server 文件服务器2. carrier sense 载波检测,载波监听3. protocol suite 协议组,协议集4. peer-to-peer model 对等模型5. bus topology network 总线拓扑网络6. inter-machine cooperation 机器间合作,计算机间合作7. Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协议集8. proprietary network 专有网络9. utility package 实用软件包,公用程序包10. star network 星形网络11. 局域网local area network (LAN)12. 令牌环token ring13. 无线网络wireless network14. 封闭式网络closed network15. 环形拓扑结构ring topology16. 客户机/服务器模型client/server model17. 网络应用程序network application18. 进程间通信interprocess communication19. 打印服务器print server20. 广域网wide area network (W AN)1. routing path 路由选择通路2. dual-ring topology 双环形拓扑结构3. extended star topology 扩展星形拓扑结构4. backbone network 基干网,骨干网5. mesh topology 网格拓扑结构6. 同轴电缆coaxial cable7. 逻辑拓扑结构logical topology8. 无冲突连网环境collision-free networking environment9. 树形拓扑结构tree topology10. 目的地节点destination node1. destination address 目的地址2. performance degradation 性能退化(或降级)3. four-interface bridge 4接口网桥4. common bus 公共总线,公用总线5. 数据链路层data-link layer6. 协议转换器protocol converter7. 开放式系统互连OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)8. 物理地址physical address1. cell phone 蜂窝电话,移动电话,手机2. IP address 网际协议地址,IP地址3. autonomous system 自主系统4. dial-up connection 拨号连接5. network identifier 网络标识符6. binary notation 二进制记数法7. mnemonic name 助记名,缩写名8. Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统9. name server 名称服务器10. Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11. 助记地址mnemonic address12. 网吧cyber cafe13. 宽带因特网访问broadband Internet access14. 顶级域名top-level domain (TLD)15. 因特网编址Internet addressing16. 点分十进制记数法dotted decimal notation17. 因特网服务提供商Internet service provider (ISP)18. 专用因特网连接dedicated Internet connection19. 主机地址host address20. 硬件与软件支持hardware and software support1. incoming message 来报,到来的报文2. application layer 应用层3. utility software 实用软件4. sequence number (顺)序号,序列号5. remote login capabilities 远程登录能力6. 端口号port number7. 软件例程software routine8. 传输层transport layer9. 文件传送协议FTP(File Transfer Protocol)10. 万维网浏览器Web browser1. wildcard character 通配符2. Copy command 复制命令3. search operator 搜索算符4. home page 主页5. 回车键Enter key6. 搜索引擎search engine7. 嵌入代码embedded code8. 超文本标记语言Hypertext Markup Language1. mailing list 邮件发送清单,邮件列表2. proprietary software 专有软件3. cc line 抄送行4. bcc line 密送行5. forwarded e-mail messages 转发的电子邮件6. e-mail convention 电子邮件常规7. click on an icon 点击图标8. confidential document 密件,秘密文件9. classified information 密级信息10. recovered e-mail message 恢复的电子邮件11. 常用情感符commonly used emoticon12. 已删除电子邮件deleted e-mail13. 电子系统electronic system14. 附件行Attachments line15. 版权法copyright law16. 电子邮件网规e-mail netiquette17. 信息高速公路information superhighway18. 签名文件signature file19. 电子数据表程序spreadsheet program20. 文字处理软件word processor1. web-authoring software 网络写作软件2. template generator 模版生成程序3. navigation page 导航页面4. corporate logo 公司标识5. splash page 醒目页面,过渡页6. 导航条navigation bar7. 节点页面node page8. 网站地图site map9. 可用性测试usability testing10. 图形交换格式gif(Graphics Interchange Format)Unit Ten/Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. technical2. participation3. openness; sharing4. prosumers; wikiII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. instant messaging 即时通信,即时消息2. content syndication 内容聚合3. user-friendly interface 用户友好界面,方便用户的接口4. Weblog-publishing tool 博客(或网志)发布工具5. 应用程序编程接口application programming interface (API)6. 基于因特网的外包Internet-based outsourcing7. 软件升级software upgrade8. 版本号version number1. customized marketing strategy 定制的营销策略2. B2G transaction 企业对政府交易3. mobile telephone 移动电话4. dot-com bust 网络不景气5. smart card 智能卡,灵巧卡6. digital piracy 数字盗版7. dot-com boom 网络繁荣8. C2C transaction 消费者对消费者交易9. Web auction site 拍卖网站10. fingerprint reader 指纹读取器11. 射频识别装置radio-frequency identification (RFID) device12. 电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI)13. 库存管理技术inventory management technology14. 知识产权intellectual property15. 条形码bar code16. 货币兑换currency conversion17. 电子图书electronic book18. 视网膜扫描仪retina scanner19. 个人数字助理personal digital assistant (PDA)20. 企业对企业电子商务B2B electronic commerce1. software suite 软件套件2. text box 文本框3. virtual checkout counter 虚拟付款台4. static catalog 静态目录5. browser session 浏览器会话期6. 动态目录dynamic catalog7. 购物车软件shopping cart software8. 供应链supply chain9. 企业资源计划软件enterprise resource planning (ERP) software10. 税率tax rateUnit Eleven/Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. credit2. downloading; in-store3. malls4. hackersII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. privacy policy 隐私政策2. identity theft 身份(信息)盗取3. affiliate marketing 联属网络营销4. postal money order 邮政汇票5. 零售网站retail website6. 信用卡credit card7. 货到付款cash on delivery8. 安全套接层Secure Sockets Layer1. encryption program 加密程序2. deletion command 删除命令3. authorized user 授权的用户4. backup copy 备份5. voltage surge 电压浪涌6. circuit breaker 断路器7. electronic component 电子元件(或部件)8. data-entry error 数据输入错误9. electronic break-in 电子入侵10. power line 电力线,输电线11. 检测程序detection program12. 电源power source13. 破坏性计算机程序destructive computer program14. 计算机病毒computer virus15. 软件侵权software piracy16. 硬盘驱动器hard-disk drive17. 病毒检查程序virus checker18. 主存储器primary storage19. 电子公告板electronic bulletin board20. 浪涌电压保护器surge protector1. phishing attack 网络钓鱼攻击2. graphics card 显(示)卡3. heuristic analysis 试探性分析4. infected file 被感染文件5. virus dictionary 病毒字典6. 数据捕获data capture7. 恶意软件malic ious software8. 病毒特征代码virus signature9. 防病毒软件antivirus software10. 内存驻留程序memory-resident program1. system platform 系统平台2. install back doors 安装后门3. email attachment 电子邮件的附件4. vulnerability assessment tool 脆弱性评估工具5. 网络安全措施network security measure6. 系统维护人员system maintenance personnel7. 邮件交换记录MX record8. 非法闯入系统hack a system。
chain 电路 chain code 链式码 chain command flag 命令链特栈 chain data 链式数据 chain data flag 数据链特栈 chain database 链式数据库 chain job 链式椎 chain printer 链式打印机 chained command 连接命令 chained file 链接⽂件 chained list 链表 chained program 连接程序 chained scheduling 链式等 chained search 连接检索 chaining 链接 chaining file 连接⽂件 chaining of commands 命令的链接 chaining of data 数据链接 chaining search 链接检索 chance machine 概率计算机 change 变更 change bit 更换位 change dump 改后转储 change file 变更⽂件 change mode key 改变⽅式键 change over contact 转换接点 change record 变更记录 change tape 变更带 changeable storage 可换存储器 changed data dump 变更数据转储 channel 通道 channel adapter 通道适配器通道转接器 channel address 通道地址 channel address word 通道地址字 channel bank 信道组合器 channel capacity 通道传输能⼒ channel check handler 通道检验处理程序 channel command 通道命令 channel command code 通道命令代码 channel command register 通道命令寄存器 channel command word 通道命令字 channel control check 通道控制检查 channel control unit 通道控制器 channel controller 通道控制器 channel coupled multiprocessor 通道耦合多处理机 channel data check 通道数据检验 channel director 通道管理机 channel distributor 通道分配器 channel encoder 信道编码器 channel end 通道传输结束 channel interface 通道接⼝ channel interrupt 通道中断 channel mask 通道屏蔽 channel multiplexer 通道多路转换器 channel number 信道号 channel processor 通道处理机 channel program 通道程序 channel program block 通道程序块 channel program translation 通道程序转换 channel retry 通道重试 channel scheduler 通道等程序 channel status word 通道状态字 channel switch 通道开关 channel switching 通道转换 channel to channel adapter 通道通道适配器通道通道选择器 channel type 通道类型 channel waiting queue 通道等待队列 channeling 沟道酌 channelizing 通道化 character 符号 character assembly 字符装配 character at a time printer 单字符打印机 character attribute 字符属性 character blanking 字符消隐 character boundary 字符界 character code 字符码 character code translation 字符代码转换 character constant 字符常数 character counter 字符计数器 character crowding 字符拥挤 character deletion 字符删除 character deletion character 字符删除字符 character density 字符密度 character design 字符设计 character disassembly 字符拆卸 character display 字数显⽰器 character edge 字符边缘 character emitter 字符发⽣器 character erase 擦除字符 character expression 字符表达式 character field 字符段 character fill 字符填充 character font 字体 character generator 字符发⽣器 character graphics 字符图形 character identification 字符识别 character image 字符映像 character literal 字符⽂字 character manipulation 字符外理 character mode 字符⽅式 character oriented communication 字符式通信 character oriented machine 字符式计算机 character oriented representation ⾯向字符的表⽰ character outline 字符外形 character pattern 字形 character printer 字符打印机 character rate 字符传输率 character reader 字符输⼊机 character recognition 字符识别 character recognition device 字符识别设备 character recognition system 字符识别系统 character relation 字符关系 character representation 字符表⽰ character row 字符⾏ character screen 字符屏⾯ character selection 字符选择 character sensing 字符读出 character set 字符集 character signal 字符信号 character skew 字符歪斜 character spacing 字符间距 character string 字符串 character string constant 字符串常数 character string data 字符串数据 character stroke 字符笔划 character subset 字符⼦集 character terminal 字符终端 character type 字符类型 character type file 字符⽂件 character value 字符值 characteristic 阶 characteristic admittance 特性导纳 characteristic distortion 特性失真 characteristic frequency 特盏率 characteristic impedance 特砧抗 characteristic of action 动棕性 characteristic overflow 阶码溢出 characteristic polynomial 特锗项式 characters per inch 字符/英⼨ characters per second 每秒字符数 charactron 字码管 charge 充电 charge carrier 电荷载劣 charge coupled cell 电荷耦合元件 charge coupled device 电荷耦合掐 charge transfer device 电荷传送掐 chargeable time indicator 时间计数器计时器 chart 图表 chassis 底板 check 检查 check bit 校验位 check bus 检验总线 check byte 检验字节 check character 检验字符 check code 检验码 check digit 校验数字 check digit check 检验位检验 check indicator 校验指⽰器 check lamp 监视灯 check number 检验数 check point 检验点 check position 检验位置 check problem 校验问题 check read 校验读 check register 校验寄存器检验寄存器 check reset 校验复位 check row 检验⾏ check solution 检验解 check symbol 检验符号 check total 检查和 check word 校验字 checked operation 检验操作 checker 测试程序 checking code time 代码检验时间 checking feature 检验特性 checking routine 检查程序 checking the calibration 刻度校准 checkout 检验 checkout compiler 检验编译程序 checkout routine 校检程序 checkpoint 检验点 checkpoint data set 检验点数据集 checkpoint entry 检验点⼊⼝ checkpoint label 检验点标号 checkpoint record 检验点记录 checkpoint restart 检查点再启动 checkpoint routine 检查点程序 checkpoint space 检查点空间 checkpointing 检验指⽰ checksum 检查和 chi square criterion 判定 chi square distribution 分布 chief programmer 痔序员 chief programmer team 痔序员组 child ⼦⼥ child node ⼦节点 child process ⼦⼥进程 chinese binary 中国式⼆进制数 chinese binary code 坚式⼆进制代码 chip 芯⽚ chip card 芯⽚卡 chip carrier 芯⽚外壳 chip carrier socket 芯⽚插座 chip diode 芯⽚⼆极管 chip enable 芯⽚启动 chip manufacturer 元件制造者 chip microprocessor 单⽚微处理器 chip select 芯⽚选择 chip set 芯⽚集 choice 迭择 choice structure 选择结构 chord keyboard 弦键盘 cim 计算机⼀体化制造 cims 计算机⼀体化制造系统 cipher 密码 cipher control technology 暗号控制技术 ciphony 密码电话学 circuit 电路 circuit analysis 电路分析 circuit analyzer 电路分析机 circuit breaker 断路器电路保护器 circuit description 电路说明 circuit grade 电路等级 circuit load 电路负载 circuit logic 电路逻辑 circuit noise level 电路噪声电平 circuit simulation 电路模拟 circuit switching 线路交换 circuit switching system 线路交换系统 circuit time 电路⼯妆间 circuitry 电路 circular buffer 环形缓冲器 circular list 循环表 circular reference 循环引⽤ circulating memory 循环存储器 circulating register 循环寄存器 circulating storage 循环存储器 circumvention 绕过 cisc 复杂指令集计算机 citation index 引证她 cket interleaving 包交替 cl 互补恒吝辑 clamp 钳位 clamp on 得等待 clamping circuit 钳位电路 clamping diode 钳位⼆极管 clamping roller 压轮 clanying roller 压轮 class condition 类别条件 class interruption 分级中断 class of accuracy 准确度等级 class test 分类测试 classified data 分类数据 classifier 分类机 clause ⼦句 clean up editing 最终编辑 clear 清除 clear area 空⽩区 clear band 清除区 clear data 未加密数据 clear disk 清除盘 clear instruction 清除指令 clear key 清除键 clear screen 清除屏⾯ clear statement 清除语句 clear text 媚 clear text dialog 秒通信对话 clearing 清除 clearing device 清除装置 clic 按 click 按 client 顾客 client of window 窗⽤户 clipboard 剪贴板 clipped corner 切⾓ clipping 裁剪 clock 计时器定时器 clock channel 时标信道 clock driver 时钟脉冲驱动器 clock edge 时钟脉冲边沿 clock frequency 时钟脉冲频率 clock generation 时钟脉冲振荡 clock generator 时钟脉冲发⽣器 clock input 时钟输⼊ clock interrupt 时钟中断 clock pulse 时钟脉冲 clock pulse generator 时钟脉冲发⽣器同步脉冲发⽣器 clock rate 时钟步率 clock signal 时钟信号 clock track 时钟脉冲道 clock unit 时钟部件 clocked flip flop 时标触发器定时触发器 clocking 同步 clone 兼容产品 close coupling 紧密耦合 close down 停机 closed circuit 闭合电路 closed circuit television 闭路电视 closed loop 闭环 closed loop circuit 闭环电路 closed loop control 闭环控制 closed loop control system 闭环控制系统 closed loop system 闭环系统 closed routine 闭型例⾏程序 closed shop 不开放式计算站 closed subroutine 闭型⼦程序 closed system 封闭系统 closed user group 封闭⽤户组 closely coupled interface 密耦合接⼝ closing 关闭 closing of a file 封闭⽂件 closure 闭包 cluster 群集 cluster analysis 群集分析 cluster control 群控 cluster controller 群控 cluster sampling 分组取样 clustered access 群集存取 clustering 群集 clusters topology 群集拓扑学 cml 电镣逻辑电路 cmos 互补⾦属氧化物半导体 cmos structure 互补⾦氧半导体结构 cmos technology cmos 技术 coaxial antenna 同轴天线 coaxial cable 同轴电缆 coaxial transmission line 同轴传输线 cobol ⾯向商业的语⾔ cobol character cobol字符 cobol library processor cobol 程序库处理程序 cobol word cobol 字 codasyl 数据系统语⾔协会 code 码 code and go 快速编译和运⾏ code audit 代码审计 code block 代码块 code book 电码本 code character 编码字符 code check 代码检验 code checking time 代码检验时间 code combination 代码组合 code compare 代码⽐较 code conversion 代码转换 code converter 代码转换器 code data 编码数据 code dependent system 代码相关系统 code dictionary 电码本 code distance 码距离 code division multiple access 分码多址访问 code element 代码单值 code extension character 代码扩充字符 code for code compatibility 代码兼容性 code generation 代码⽣成 code generator 代码⽣成程序 code hole 代码孔 code holes 代码孔 code independent system 代码⽆关系统 code insensitive system 代码⽆关系统 code inspection 代码检查 code length 码长 code line 代码⾏ code modulation 编码灯 code position 代码位置 code reader 代码阅读器 code register 代码寄存器 code removal 代码除去 code scanner 代码阅读器 code set 代码集 code sheet 程序纸 code signal 编码信号 code track 代码道 code transformation 代码变换 code translator 代码转换器译码器 code transparent transmission 代码透⽑输 code type 代码类型 code walkthrough 代码⾛查 code word 代码字 codec 编码译码器 coded data 编码数据 coded decimal 编码的⼗进制 coded decimal digit 编码的⼗进制数字 coded decimal notation 编码的⼗进制记数法 coded image 编码图象 coded program 编码程序 coder 编码器 coder decoder 编码译码器 coding 编码 coding convention 编码约定 coding form 编码形式 coding line 指令字 coding matrix 编码矩阵 coding scheme 编码⽅案 coding sheet 程序纸 coding system 编码系统 coding theory 编码理沦 coefficient 系数 coercion 强制转换 coherent radar 相⼲雷达 coherent signal 相⼲信号 cohesion 内聚性 coincidence 重合 coincidence detector 重合检测器 coincidence element 重合元件 coincidence error 重合误差 coincidence gate 与门 coincidence type adder 重合型加法器 coincident current selection 电霖合选取法 cold cathod gaseous laser 冷阴极⽓体激光器 cold restart 冷重启动 cold standby 冷备⽤ cold type system 冷排系统 collating sequence 整理顺序 collation 校对 collection 采集 collector 集电极 collector characteristic 集电极特性 collector current 集极电流 collision 冲突 collision detection 冲突检出 colon 冒号 colon equal symbol 赋值符号 color bar code 彩⾊条形码 color code 颜⾊代码 color display 彩⾊显⽰器 color gamut 颜⾊范围 color graphic mode 彩⾊图形模式 color graphics 彩⾊图形 color image 彩⾊图象 color mode 彩⾊模式 color monitor 彩⾊监视器 color plane 彩⾊⾯ color television 彩⾊电视 color tv 彩⾊电视 column 列 column binary card 竖式⼆进制卡⽚ column binary code 坚式⼆进制代码 column binary representation 坚式⼆进制代码 column diagram 直⽅图 column indicator 列指⽰器 column split 列分割 column splitting 列分割 combination 组合 combination automatic controller 组合⾃动控制器 combination circuit 组合电路 combination scale 组合刻度 combinational logic element 组合逻辑元件 combinational logic gate 组合逻辑门 combinatorial circuit 组合电路 combinatorial logic 组合逻辑 combined code 组合代码 combined error 总合误差 combined head 读写兼⽤头 combined station 复合站 comma 逗号 command 命令 command character 命令字符 command code 命令码 command control block 命令控制块 command control program 命令控制程序 command decoder 指令译码器 command driven interface 命令驱动接⼝ command environment 命令环境 command file 命令⽂件 command interpreter 命令解释程序 command interrupt 命令中断 command language 命令语⾔ command level 命令⽔平 command library 命令库 command line 命令⾏ command line parameter 命令⾏参数 command mode 命令⽅式 command name 命令名字 command procedure 命令过程 command processing 命令处理 command processor 命令处理程序 command pulse 指令脉冲 command qualifier 命令限定词 command register 命令寄存器 command scan 命令扫描 command scan program 命令扫描程序 command statement 命令语句 command system 命令系统 command word 命令字 comment field 注解栏 comment statement 注解语句。
UNIT 1Artificial intelligence:人工智能Paper-tape reader:纸袋阅读机Optical computer:光学计算机Neural network:神经网络Instruction set:指令集Parallel processing:并行处理Difference engine:差分机Versatile logical element:通用逻辑器件Silicon substrate:硅基Vacuum tube:真空管The storage and handing of data:数据的存储与处理Very large-scale integrated circuit:超大规模集成电路Central processing unit:中央处理器Personal computer:个人计算机Analogue computer:模拟计算机Digital computer:数字计算机General-purpose computer:通用计算机Processor chip:处理器芯片Operating instruction:操作指令Input device:输入设备artificial neural network 人工神经网络computer architecture 计算机体系结构robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序human-computer interface 人机界面knowledge representation 知识表示numerical analysis 数值分析programming environment 程序设计环境data structure 数据结构information storage and retrieval 存储和检索信息virtual reality 虚拟现实Web page 网页touch screen 触摸屏blade server 刀片服务器removable storage device 可移动存储设备sound card 声卡storage server 存储服务器portable media player 便携式媒体播放器hard disk 硬盘UNIT 2function key 功能键voice recognition module 语言识别模块touch-sensitive region 触感区,触摸区address bus 地址总线flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机parallel connection 并行连接cathode ray tube 阴极射线管video game 电子游戏audio signal 音频信号liquid crystal display 液晶显示(器)inkjet printer 喷墨打印机data bus 数据总线serial connection 串行连接laser printer 激光打印机volatile memory 易失性存储器disk drive 磁盘驱动器BIOS(Basic Input Output System ) 基本输入/ 输出系统video display 视频显示器interrupt handle 中断处理程序virtual memory 虚拟内存context switch 上下文切换main memory 主存bit pattern 位模式Peripheral device 外围设备Process table 进程表time slice 时间片graphical user interface 图形用户界面bulk storage 海量存储器code generator 编码发生器abstract machine 抽象机program editor 程序编辑器configuration item 配置项CAD Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计redundant date 数据冗余command and control system 指挥与控制系统video compression and decompression 视频压缩与解压缩UNIT 3storage register 存储寄存器function statement 函数语句program statement 程序语句object-oriented language 面向对象语言assembly language 汇编语言intermediate language 中间语言relational language 关系语言artificial language 人工语言data declaration 数据声明Structured Query Language 结构化查询语言executable program 可执行程序program module 程序模块conditional statement 条件语句assignment statement 赋值语句logic language 逻辑语言machine language 机器语言Functional language 函数式语言Programming language 程序设计语言run a computer program 运行计算机程序computer programmer 计算机程序员native code 本机代码header file 页眉文件multithreaded program 多线程程序Java-enabled browser Java的浏览器malicious code 恶意代码machine code 机器码assembler code 汇编码Trojan horse 特洛伊木马程序software package 软件包class hierarchy 类层次design pattern 设计模式reusable software 可复用软件object-oriented system 面向对象的系统software bug 软件错误real time 实时inheritance hierarchy 继承层次Unit 4inference engine 推理机system call 系统调用compiled language 编译语言parallel computing 并行计算pattern matching 模式匹配memory location 内存单元interpreter program 解释程序library routine 库程序intermediate program 中间程序source file 源文件interpreted language 解释执行的语言device driver 设备驱动程序source program 源程序debugging program 调试程序object code 目标代码application program 应用程序utility program 实用程序logic program 逻辑程序ink cartridge 墨盒program storage and execution 程序的存储与执行check box 复选框structured design 结构化设计building block 构建模块database schema 数据库模式radio button 单选钮system modeling technique 系统建模技术model-driven development 模型驱动开发data flow diagram 数据流程图drop-down menu 下拉式菜单scroll bar 滚动条procedure call 过程调用fault tolerance 容错homogeneous system 同构系统autonomous agent 自主主体routing algorithm 路由算法heterogeneous environment 异构型环境multicast protocol 多址通信协议communication link 通信链路Unit 5system specification 系统说明书unit testing 单元测试software life cycle 软件生命期system validation testing 系统验证性测试evolutionary development process 锦化发展过程linear model 简单线程模型program unit 程序单元throwaway prototype 抛弃型原型text formatting 文本格式system evolution 系统演变System Design Examples 系统设计范例Requirements Analysis and Definition 需求分析与定义Exploratory Programming Methodology 探索式编程方法System documentation 系统文件编制waterfall model 瀑布模型System Integration 系统集成commercial off-the-shell software 商用现成软件components based software engineering 基于组件的软件工程software maintenance tool 软件维护工具software reuse 软件复用black box testing 黑盒测试acceptance testing 验收测试code execution path 代码执行路径test harness 测试工具,测试框架equivalence partitioning 等价划分capture / playback tools 捕获/回放工具video resolution 视频分辨率white box testing 白盒测试test script 测试脚本use case 用例procedural language 过程化语言common design structure 通用设计结构class and object interaction 类与对象交互design constraint 设计约束UNIT 6end user 终端用户atomic operation 原子操作database administrator 数据库管理员relational database model 关系数据库模型local data 本地数据object-oriented database 面向对象数据库database management system 数据库管理系统entity-relationship model 实体关系模型distributed database 分布式数据库flat file 平面文件two-dimensional table 二维表data attribute 数据属性storge device 存储设备database object 数据库对象data type 数据类型data insert and delete 数据插入与删除hierarchical database model 层次数据库模型database architecture 数据库体系结构relational database management system 关系数据库管理系统global control bus 关系控制总线nonvolatile storage system 非易失性的存储系统equipment malfunction 设备故障wound-wait protocol 受伤等待协议exclusive lock 独占锁database integrity 数据库完整性shared lock 共享锁database implementation 数据库实现cascading rollback 级联回滚data item 数据项time sharing operating system 分时操作系统data set 数据集data warehouse 数据仓库Web community 网络社区sensor network 传感器网络、感知网data mining 数据挖掘social network 社交网络。
multilingual processing system 多语讯息处理系统multilingual translation 多语翻译multimedia 多媒体multi-media communication 多媒体通讯multiple inheritance 多重继承multistate logic 多态逻辑mutation 语音转换mutual exclusion 互斥mutual information 相互讯息nativist position 语法天生假说natural language 自然语言natural language processing (nlp) 自然语言处理natural language understanding 自然语言理解negation 否定negative sentence 否定句neologism 新词语nested structure 崁套结构network 网络neural network 类神经网络neurolinguistics 神经语言学neutralization 中立化n-gram n-连词n-gram modeling n-连词模型nlp (natural language processing) 自然语言处理node 节点nominalization 名物化nonce 暂用的non-finite 非限定non-finite clause 非限定式子句non-monotonic reasoning 非单调推理normal distribution 常态分布noun 名词noun phrase 名词组np (noun phrase) completeness 名词组完全性object 宾语{语言学}/对象{信息科学}object oriented programming 对象导向程序设计[面向对向的程序设计]official language 官方语言one-place predicate 一元述语on-line dictionary 线上查询词典 [联机词点]onomatopoeia 拟声词onset 节首音ontogeny 个体发生ontology 本体论open set 开放集operand 操作数 [操作对象]optimization 最佳化 [最优化]overgeneralization 过度概化overgeneration 过度衍生paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paralanguage 附语言parallel construction 并列结构parallel corpus 平行语料库parallel distributed processing (pdp) 平行分布处理paraphrase 转述 [释意;意译;同意互训]parole 言语parser 剖析器 [句法剖析程序]parsing 剖析part of speech (pos) 词类particle 语助词part-of relation part-of 关系part-of-speech tagging 词类标注pattern recognition 型样识别p-c (predicate-complement) insertion 述补中插pdp (parallel distributed processing) 平行分布处理perception 知觉perceptron 感觉器 [感知器]perceptual strategy 感知策略performative 行为句periphrasis 用独立词表达perlocutionary 语效性的permutation 移位petri net grammar petri 网语法philology 语文学phone 语音phoneme 音素phonemic analysis 因素分析phonemic stratum 音素层phonetics 语音学phonogram 音标phonology 声韵学 [音位学;广义语音学] phonotactics 音位排列理论phrasal verb 词组动词 [短语动词]phrase 词组 [短语]phrase marker 词组标记 [短语标记]pitch 音调pitch contour 调形变化pivot grammar 枢轴语法pivotal construction 承轴结构plausibility function 可能性函数pm (phrase marker) 词组标记 [短语标记] polysemy 多义性pos-tagging 词类标记postposition 方位词pp (preposition phrase) attachment 介词依附pragmatics 语用学precedence grammar 优先级语法precision 精确度predicate 述词predicate calculus 述词计算predicate logic 述词逻辑 [谓词逻辑]predicate-argument structure 述词论元结构prefix 前缀premodification 前置修饰preposition 介词prescriptive linguistics 规定语言学 [规范语言学] presentative sentence 引介句presupposition 前提principle of compositionality 语意合成性原理privative 二元对立的probabilistic parser 概率句法剖析程序problem solving 解决问题program 程序programming language 程序设计语言 [程序设计语言] proofreading system 校对系统proper name 专有名词prosody 节律prototype 原型pseudo-cleft sentence 准分裂句psycholinguistics 心理语言学punctuation 标点符号pushdown automata 下推自动机pushdown transducer 下推转换器qualification 后置修饰quantification 量化quantifier 范域词quantitative linguistics 计量语言学question answering system 问答系统queue 队列radical 字根 [词干;词根;部首;偏旁]radix of tuple 元组数基random access 随机存取rationalism 理性论rationalist (position) 理性论立场 [唯理论观点]reading laboratory 阅读实验室real time 实时real time control 实时控制 [实时控制]recursive transition network 递归转移网络reduplication 重叠词 [重复]reference 指涉referent 指称对象referential indices 指针referring expression 指涉词 [指示短语]register 缓存器[寄存器]{信息科学}/调高{语音学}/语言的场合层级{社会语言学}regular language 正规语言 [正则语言]relational database 关系型数据库 [关系数据库]relative clause 关系子句relaxation method 松弛法relevance 相关性restricted logic grammar 受限逻辑语法resumptive pronouns 复指代词retroactive inhibition 逆抑制rewriting rule 重写规则rheme 述位rhetorical structure 修辞结构rhetorics 修辞学robust 强健性robust processing 强健性处理robustness 强健性schema 基朴school grammar 教学语法scope 范域 [作用域;范围]script 脚本search mechanism 检索机制search space 检索空间searching route 检索路径 [搜索路径]second order predicate 二阶述词segmentation 分词segmentation marker 分段标志selectional restriction 选择限制semantic field 语意场semantic frame 语意架构semantic network 语意网络semantic representation 语意表征 [语义表示] semantic representation language 语意表征语言semantic restriction 语意限制semantic structure 语意结构semantics 语意学sememe 意素semiotics 符号学sender 发送者sensorimotor stage 感觉运动期sensory information 感官讯息 [感觉信息]sentence 句子sentence generator 句子产生器 [句子生成程序]sentence pattern 句型separation of homonyms 同音词区分sequence 序列serial order learning 顺序学习serial verb construction 连动结构set oriented semantic network 集合导向型语意网络 [面向集合型语意网络]sgml (standard generalized markup language) 结构化通用标记语言shift-reduce parsing 替换简化式剖析short term memory 短程记忆sign 信号signal processing technology 信号处理技术simple word 单纯词situation 情境situation semantics 情境语意学situational type 情境类型social context 社会环境sociolinguistics 社会语言学software engineering 软件工程 [软件工程]sort 排序speaker-independent speech recognition 非特定语者语音识别spectrum 频谱speech 口语speech act assignment 言语行为指定speech continuum 言语连续体speech disorder 语言失序 [言语缺失]speech recognition 语音辨识speech retrieval 语音检索speech situation 言谈情境 [言语情境]speech synthesis 语音合成speech translation system 语音翻译系统speech understanding system 语音理解系统spreading activation model 扩散激发模型standard deviation 标准差standard generalized markup language 标准通用标示语言start-bound complement 接头词state of affairs algebra 事态代数state transition diagram 状态转移图statement kernel 句核static attribute list 静态属性表statistical analysis 统计分析statistical linguistics 统计语言学statistical significance 统计意义stem 词干stimulus-response theory 刺激反应理论stochastic approach to parsing 概率式句法剖析 [句法剖析的随机方法]stop 爆破音stratificational grammar 阶层语法 [层级语法]string 字符串[串;字符串]string manipulation language 字符串操作语言string matching 字符串匹配 [字符串]structural ambiguity 结构歧义structural linguistics 结构语言学structural relation 结构关系structural transfer 结构转换structuralism 结构主义structure 结构structure sharing representation 结构共享表征subcategorization 次类划分 [下位范畴化] subjunctive 假设的sublanguage 子语言subordinate 从属关系subordinate clause 从属子句 [从句;子句] subordination 从属substitution rule 代换规则 [置换规则] substrate 底层语言suffix 后缀superordinate 上位的superstratum 上层语言suppletion 异型[不规则词型变化] suprasegmental 超音段的syllabification 音节划分syllable 音节syllable structure constraint 音节结构限制symbolization and verbalization 符号化与字句化synchronic 同步的synonym 同义词syntactic category 句法类别syntactic constituent 句法成分syntactic rule 语法规律 [句法规则]syntactic semantics 句法语意学syntagm 句段syntagmatic 组合关系 [结构段的;组合的] syntax 句法systemic grammar 系统语法tag 标记target language 目标语言 [目标语言]task sharing 课题分享 [任务共享] tautology 套套逻辑 [恒真式;重言式;同义反复] taxonomical hierarchy 分类阶层 [分类层次] telescopic compound 套装合并template 模板temporal inference 循序推理 [时序推理] temporal logic 时间逻辑 [时序逻辑] temporal marker 时貌标记tense 时态terminology 术语text 文本text analyzing 文本分析text coherence 文本一致性text generation 文本生成 [篇章生成]text linguistics 文本语言学text planning 文本规划text proofreading 文本校对text retrieval 文本检索text structure 文本结构 [篇章结构]text summarization 文本自动摘要 [篇章摘要] text understanding 文本理解text-to-speech 文本转语音thematic role 题旨角色thematic structure 题旨结构theorem 定理thesaurus 同义词辞典theta role 题旨角色theta-grid 题旨网格token 实类 [标记项]tone 音调tone language 音调语言tone sandhi 连调变换top-down 由上而下 [自顶向下]topic 主题topicalization 主题化 [话题化]trace 痕迹trace theory 痕迹理论training 训练transaction 异动 [处理单位]transcription 转写 [抄写;速记翻译]transducer 转换器transfer 转移transfer approach 转换方法transfer framework 转换框架transformation 变形 [转换]transformational grammar 变形语法 [转换语法] transitional state term set 转移状态项集合transitivity 及物性translation 翻译translation equivalence 翻译等值性translation memory 翻译记忆transparency 透明性tree 树状结构 [树]tree adjoining grammar 树形加接语法 [树连接语法] treebank 树图数据库[语法关系树库]trigram 三连词t-score t-数turing machine 杜林机 [图灵机]turing test 杜林测试 [图灵试验]type 类型type/token node 标记类型/实类节点type-feature structure 类型特征结构typology 类型学ultimate constituent 终端成分unbounded dependency 无界限依存underlying form 基底型式underlying structure 基底结构unification 连并 [合一]unification-based grammar 连并为本的语法 [基于合一的语法] universal grammar 普遍性语法universal instantiation 普遍例式universal quantifier 全称范域词unknown word 未知词 [未定义词]unrestricted grammar 非限制型语法usage flag 使用旗标user interface 使用者界面 [用户界面]valence grammar 结合价语法valence theory 结合价理论valency 结合价variance 变异数 [方差]verb 动词verb phrase 动词组 [动词短语]verb resultative compound 动补复合词verbal association 词语联想verbal phrase 动词组verbal production 言语生成vernacular 本地话v-o construction (verb-object) 动宾结构vocabulary 字汇vocabulary entry 词条vocal track 声道vocative 呼格voice recognition 声音辨识 [语音识别]vowel 元音vowel harmony 元音和谐 [元音和谐]waveform 波形weak verb 弱化动词whorfian hypothesis whorfian 假说word 词word frequency 词频word frequency distribution 词频分布word order 词序word segmentation 分词word segmentation standard for chinese 中文分词规范word segmentation unit 分词单位 [切词单位]word set 词集working memory 工作记忆 [工作存储区]world knowledge 世界知识writing system 书写系统x-bar theory x标杠理论 ["x"阶理论]zipf's law 利夫规律 [齐普夫定律]。
discrete signal 控制-回复Discrete Signal Control: Understanding and ApplicationIntroduction:Discrete signal control refers to the process of utilizing discrete signals, which are signals that take on a limited number of values, in various control systems. These signals are characterized by their ability to be quantized and processed. In this article, we will delve into the world of discrete signal control, exploring its principles, techniques, and applications.1. What is a discrete signal?A discrete signal is a signal that is not continuous but rather characterized by distinct and separate values at specific points in time. Unlike continuous signals, which can take on an infinite number of values within a specific range, discrete signals only assume specific discrete values at specific points in time.Discrete signals are typically represented as sequences of numbers, with each number corresponding to a specific point in time. Thesesequences can either be finite or infinite, depending on the length of the signal.2. Why use discrete signals in control systems?Discrete signals offer several advantages in control systems:a. Simplified representation: Quantizing signals into discrete values allows for simpler representation and storage. It reduces the complexity of signal processing and makes it easier to implement control algorithms.b. Time synchronization: Discrete signals enable accurate synchronization between control systems and the signals they receive. With discrete values representing specific points in time, control systems can react precisely and consistently.c. Noise immunity: Discrete signals can tolerate noise better than continuous signals. By quantizing the signal into discrete values, small fluctuations in the signal can be filtered out, leading to improved system performance and stability.3. Techniques for controlling discrete signals:a. Digital control: Digital control is a popular technique for controlling discrete signals. It involves converting the analog signals received by sensors into digital form for processing and manipulation by microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSPs). Digital control allows for precise and flexible control algorithms, making it ideal for complex control systems.b. Sampling and quantization: Sampling is the process of converting continuous signals into discrete signals by periodically measuring the signal at specific points in time. Quantization, on the other hand, involves assigning discrete values to the measured samples. Together, sampling and quantization allow for the representation and analysis of continuous signals using discrete values.c. Discrete-time control systems: Discrete-time control systems use discrete signals to model and control dynamic systems. These systems operate on sampled signals that are processed at fixed intervals. Discrete-time control systems are widely utilized in various fields, including robotics, automation, andtelecommunications.4. Applications of discrete signal control:a. Robotics: Discrete signal control is extensively used in robotics applications. Robots rely on discrete signals to perceive their environment, process information, and execute commands. Using discrete signals, robots can interact with their surroundings and perform tasks with accuracy and precision.b. Process control: Discrete signal control is crucial in process control systems, where precise control over physical variables is essential for maintaining safety and efficiency. Discrete signals enable the monitoring and adjustment of critical process variables such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate.c. Communication systems: Discrete signals play a vital role in communication systems, including digital signal processing, data transmission, and error detection and correction. By converting continuous signals into discrete signals, information can be encoded, transmitted, and decoded accurately and reliably.Conclusion:Discrete signal control is a fundamental aspect of modern control systems. By leveraging the advantages of discrete signals, such as simplified representation, time synchronization, and noise immunity, control engineers can design and implement robust control algorithms. From robotics to process control and communication systems, discrete signal control finds applications in various fields, revolutionizing the way we interact with technology and enhancing the overall performance and efficiency of control systems.。
通信工程专业英语词汇来源:李涛的日志动态范围: Dynamic range频率偏值: Frequency offset符号率:Symbol rate码域功率:code domain power频分多址: Frequency Division Multiple Access码分多址: Code Division Multiple Access时分多址: Time Division Multiple Access沃什码:Walsh code误码率:Bit Error Rate,BER帧误码率:Frame Error Rate,FER循环冗余码:Cyclic Redundancy Code,CRC时序分析:timing analyze门限:threshold非同步模式:Asynchronous Mode同步模式:Synchronous Mode邻道功率:ACP D―― Adjacent Channel Power先进移动电话业务:AMPS---Advanced Mobile Phone Service组织协会:ANSI --- American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准局BPT --- British Post and Telecommunication Standard 英国邮政与电信标准CCIR --- International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT --- International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee国际/电报咨询委员会CEPT --- Conference of European Post and Telecommunication Administrations欧洲邮电行政会议EIA --- Electronic Engineers Association 电子工业协会美ETSI --- European Telecommunication Standards Institute欧洲电信标准委员会FCC --- Federal Communications Commission联邦通信委员会美IEC --- International Electrotechnics Committee国际电工委员会IEE --- Institution of Electrical Engineers电气工程师协会英IEEE--- Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, INC电气与电子工程师协会美ITU --- International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟联合国MPT --- Ministry of Post and telecommunications邮政与电信部英TIA --- Telecommunications Industries Association电信工业协会美WARC --- World Administrative Radio Conference世界无线电行政大会ZVEI --- Zentralverband der Electechnischen Industrie电气工业中央协会德ACP --- Adjacent Channel Power邻道功率AMPS --- Advanced Mobile Phone Institute先进移动电话业务APOC --- Advanced Paging Operator Code先进寻呼操作码AVL --- Average Voice Level平均话音电平BSC --- Base Site Controller基站控制器CDMA --- Code Division Mulitiple Code码分多址CDPD --- Cellular Digital Packet Data蜂窝分组数据系统CSC --- Cell Site Controllor小区控制器DCCH --- Digital Control Channel数字控制信道DECT --- Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications数字增强无绳电话EDACS --- Enhanced Digital Access Communications System加强的数字接入通信系统ERMES --- European Telecommunications Standards Institute欧洲无线电信息系统ESN --- Electronics Serial Number电子串号FDR --- Frequency Domain Reflectometry频域反射计FLEX --- Flexible Paging System可变速寻呼系统FOCC --- Forward Control Channel前向控制信道FVC --- Forward Voice Channel前向话音信道GSC --- Golay Sequential Coding格雷码GSM --- Global System for Mobile Communications全球移动通信系统IBASIC --- Instrument BASIC仪器BASIC语言IDC --- Instantaneous Deviation Control瞬时频偏控制IMSI --- International Mobile Station Identify国际移动台识别号码LNA --- Low Noise Amplifier低噪声放大器LPF/HPF --- Low/High Pass Filter低通/高通滤波器LSB/USB --- Lower/Upper Side Band下/上边带MCC --- Mobile Country Code移动业务国家号码MCS --- Mobile Control Station移动控制站MIN --- Mobile Identification Number移动识别码MNC --- Mobile Network Code移动电话网号码MSC ---Mobile Switching Center移动交换中心MSIN --- Mobile Station Identification Number移动台识别码MTSO --- Mobile Telephone Switching Office移动电话交换局NMSI --- National Mobile Station Identify国内移动台识别号码NMT --- Nordic Mobile Telephone北欧移动电话系统OTP --- One Time Programmable一次性编程PDC --- Personal Digital Cellular个人数字蜂窝系统PHS --- Personal Handy-Phone System个人手持电话系统PSTN --- Public Switching Telephone Network公用交换电话网RECC --- Reverse Control Channel反向控制信道RVC --- Reverse Voice Channel反向话音信道RSSI --- Receiced Signal Strength Indicator接收信号场强指示SCC --- Signalling Channel Controller信令信道控制器SCM --- Station Class Mark移动台级别标志SID --- Syste Indentification Number系统识别号TACS --- Total Access Communications System全选址通信系统TDMA --- Time Division Multiple Access时分多址UUT --- Under Unit Test被测单元VCC --- Voice Channel Controller话音信道控制器VSWR --- Voltages Standing Wave Ratio电压驻波比1997年,爱立信公司向ETSI(欧洲电信标准委员会)提出了EDGE的可行性研究方案,并在同年得到认可。
1.Activity patterns 活动模式2.Added value 附加值3.Analytical cartography 分析制图4.Application programming interfaces 应用编程接口5.Aspatial data 非空间数据6.Association of geographic information 地理信息协会7.Attribute data 属性数据8.Attribute representation and transformation 属性表现和转9.Attributive geographic data 属性地理数据10.Availability and accessibility 可用性和可获取性11.Azimuthal projections 方位投影12.Batch vectorization 批量矢量化13.Beer consumption 啤酒消费14.Benchmarking 基准15.Binary counting system 二进制计算系统16.Binomial distribution 二项式分布17.Bivariate gaussian distribution 二元高斯分布18.Block encoding 块编码19.Brian best fit line 最优线20.Capture costs 获取代价21.Capture project 获取工程22.Cartesian coordinate system笛卡尔坐标系23.Cartograms 统计地图24.Cartographic generalization 制图综合25.Cartographic modeling 地图建模26.Cartometric transformations 量图变换27.Catalog view of database 数据库目录视图28.Census data人口普查数据29.Census of population 人口普查30.Central place theory 中心区位论31.Central point rule 中点规则32.Central tendency 中心倾向33.Choropleth mapping分区制图34.Classification procedures 分类过程35.Cluster analysis 聚类分析36.Coastline weave 海岸线37.Codified knowledge 编码知识38.Collection workflow 采集工作流39.Collection-level metadata 获取级元数据40.Commercial-off-the-shelf systems 成熟的商业化系统41.Component object model 组件对象模型42.Computer assisted mass appraisal 辅助大量估价"43.Computer-aided design-based geographic information systems 基于计算机辅助制图的地理信息系统44.Computer-aided software engineering tool 计算机辅助软件工程工具45.Confidence limits 置信界限46.Conformal property 等角特性47.Confusion matrix 混淆矩阵48.Conic projections 圆锥投影49.Consistency and quality 一致性和质量50.Constant term 常数项51.Contagious diffusion 传染扩散52.Content standards for digital geospatial metadata 数字地球空间元数据目录标准53.Continuing professional development 持续专业发展54.Cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析55.Cost-effectiveness evaluation 成本效率评估56.Counting method 计算方法57.Cylindrical equidistant projection 圆柱等距投影58.Cylindrical projections 圆柱投影59.Dasymetric mapping 分区密度制图60.Data model 数据模型61.Data storage 数据存储62.Database management system 数据库管理系统63.Database management systems 数据库管理系统64.Decision support 决策支持65.Deductive reasoning 演绎推理66.Degrees of freedom 自由度67.Density estimation 密度估算68.Dependence in space 空间依赖69.Desktop geographic information systems 桌面地理信息系统70.Desktop paradigms 桌面范例71.Digital chart of the world 世界数字化图72.Digital divide 数字鸿沟73.Digital earth 数字地球74.Digital elevation models 数字高程模型75.Digital line graph 数字线划图76.Digital raster graphic 数字影像图77.Digital representation 数字表现78.Digital terrain models 数字地形模型79.DIME (dual independent map encoding) program 美国人口调查局建立的双重独立地图编码系统80.Discrete objects 离散对象81.Douglas-poiker algorithm 道格拉斯-普克算法,一种矢量数据抽稀算法82.Dublin core metadata standard 都柏林核心元数据标准83.Dynamic segmentation 动态分割84.Dynamic simulation models 动态仿真模型85.Ecological fallacy 生态谬误86.Electromagnetic spectrum 电磁光谱87.Emergency evacuation 应急撤退88.Environmental applications 环境应用89.Environmental impact 环境影响90.Equal area property 等面积特性91.Evacuation vulnerability 疏散的漏洞92.Evolution of 的演化93.Exploratory spatial data analysis 探测空间数据分析94.External validation 外部检验95.Federal geographic data committee 联邦地理数据协调委员会96.Finger-printing 指纹97.First law of geography 地理学第一法则98.First law of geography 地理学第一法则99.Fly-bys 飞行100.Forward sortation areas 由加拿大邮政编码前三位符号确定的地理范围101.Frame variogram 变异函数的框架102.Frequentist interpretations 频率论解释103.Friction values 摩擦力值104.Futures, geographic 未来,地理的105.Fuzzy approaches 模糊方法106.Fuzzy data analysis 模糊数据分析107.Fuzzy membership 模糊隶属108.Gap analysis 缝隙分析109.Gaussian distribution 高斯分布110.Geary index 基尔指数111.Genetic algorithms 遗传算法"112.Geographic data capture 地理数据获取113.Geographic data formats 地理数据格式114.Geographic data technology 地理数据技术115.Geographic database types 地理数据库类型116.Geographic extensions 地理扩展117.Geographic individual 地理个体118.Geographic information systems application servers 地理信息系统应用服务器119.Geographic information 地理信息120.Geographic names information system 地理名称信息系统121.Geographic problems 地理问题122.Geographic query and analysis 地理查询和分析123.Geographic representation 地理表现124.Geographical analysis machine 地理分析机125.Geography network 地理网络126.Geoinformation engineering 地理信息学工程127.Geological survey and defense mapping agency 地质测量和防卫制图机构128.Geological survey 地质测量129.Geoschematic visualization 地理视觉表现130.Geostationary orbit 与地球位置相对不变的轨道131.Global positioning system 全球定位系统132.Global spatial data infrastructure 全球空间数据基础设施133.Graphic symbols 图形符号134.Graphical data models 图形数据模型135.Graphical user interface 图形用户界面136.Great circle 大圆137.Grid index 网格索引138.Ground surveying 大地测量139.Half life 半衰期140.In practice 实际上141.In tax assessment 征税估价142.Indicator kriging 克利金法143.Inductive reasoning 归纳推理144.Information ownership 信息所有权145.Information science 信息科学146.Institute geographique national 国家地理所147.Intangible objectives 非明确目的148.Integrated development environment 集成开发环境149.Interaction modeling 交互模型150.Intercept term 拦截期限151.Interval attributes 间隔属性152.Inverse distance weighting 反距离权重法153.Invitation to tender 标案竞投154.Isopleth (isoline) maps 等值线地图155.Isotropic effects 等方性效果156.Knowledge economy 知识经济157.Knowledge of form 知识形式158.Kruger national park 克鲁格国家公园159.Lambert conformal conic projection 兰勃特等角圆锥投影160.Land information system 土地信息系统161.Landmark information system 地标信息系统162.Landsat thematic mapper sensor 陆地卫星163.Largest share rule 最大共享法则164.Levels of abstraction 提取等级165.Lifestyles data 生活方式数据166.Light metadata 轻量级元数据167.Linear distance decay 线性距离衰退168.Linear referencing systems 线性参考系统169.Living with 伴随…170.Local area network 局域网171.Local government 地方政府172.Local level 地方级173.Location-allocation problems 位置分配问题174.Location-based service 基于位置的服务175.Logical positivism 逻辑实证176.Market area analysis 市场区域分析177.Market penetration 市场渗透178.Martin cannibalizing 调拨179.Mean distance from the centroid 到质心的平均距离180.Mean square error 均方根误差181.Measurement error 测量误差182.Measurement of 误差测量183.Measurement scales 量测尺度184.Measuring degree 测量度185.Medieval art preservation 中世纪艺术保留" 186.Mercator projection 墨卡托投影187.Metric georeferences 公制地理参考188.Military maps 军用地图189.Military satellites 军用卫星190.Minimum aggregate travel 最小旅行距离191.Minimum bounding rectangle 最小外包矩形192.Minimum mapping unit 最小制图单元193.Model of geographic information systems innovation diffusion 地理信息系统创新扩散模型194.Modifiable areal unit problem 可变区域单元问题195.Moran index 莫然索引196.Move set 移动装置197.Multi-criteria decision-making 多标准决策支持198.Multiple objectives 多重目标199.Multiresolution seamless image database 多分辨率无缝的影像数据库200.Multi-user editing 多用户编辑201.Multivariate mapping 多元制图202.Napster napster公司文件交换软件203.National gap analysis program 国家缝隙分析计划204.National geospatial data clearinghouse (美国) 国家地球空间数据中心205.National grid of great britain 大不列颠国家网格206.National level 国家级207.National map accuracy standard 国家地图精度标准208.National mapping program 国家制图计划"209.National spatial data infrastructure 国家空间数据基础设施210.Navigation technologies 导航技术211.Negative autocorrelation 负自相关212.Network data model 网络数据模型213.Nominal attributes 名词属性214.Nominal case 名词格215.Nominal data 名词数据216.Nomothetic geography 以法律为依据的地理学217.Normative uses of geographic information systems 地理信息系统使用的标准化218.North american datum of 1983北美1983大地基准219.Null hypothesis 虚假设220.Object management group 对象管理组织221.Object-level metadata 对象级元数据222.Object-relational database management systems 对象关系型数据库管理系统223.Onstar system 移动信息系统224.Operational decisions 操作决策225.Operational navigation chart 操作导航图226.Optimized version 优化的版本227.Optimum paths 最优路径228.Ordinal attributes 顺序属性229.Ordinary least squares 最小二乘法230.Ordnance survey 全国地形测量231.Orienteering problem 定向运动问题232.Orthophotoquads 正射影象图233.Ownership of information 信息所有权234.Paper maps 纸质地图235.Paul customer support 客户支持236.Percent correctly classified 按正确率分类237.Per-pixel accuracy 像元精度238.Per-point accuracy 点精度239.Pessimistic locking 保守式锁定240.Photogrammetry 摄影测量241.Pie charts 饼图242.Pilot study 试点研究243.Planar projections 平面投影244.Planimeter method 测面计方法245.Planning assistance for superintendent scheduling 监督调度的规划协助246.Planning information system 规划信息系统247.P-median problem 中量问题248.Point in polygon 多边形内的点249.Point pattern analysis 点模式分析250.Polygon overlay 多边形叠置251.Positional error 定位误差252.Positive autocorrelation 正自相关253.Post codes 邮政编码254.Postal addresses 邮政地址255.Predictor variables 预报变量256.Pricing of geographical information 地理信息的定价257.Process knowledge 流程知识258.Professional geographic information systems 专业地理信息系统259.Public land survey system 公共土地测量系统260.Publishing industry 出版业261.Quadtree indexes 四叉树索引262.Quality of life 生活质量263.Radar topography mission 雷达地形测绘任务264.Raster compression techniques 栅格压缩技术265.Raster data capture 栅格数据获取266.Raster data model 栅格数据模型267.Raster overlay 栅格叠置268.Raster-based geographic information systems 基于栅格的地理信息系统269.Ratio attributes 比率属性270.Regression parameters 衰退参数271.Relational database management systems 关系数据库管理系统272.Relational databases 关系型数据库273.Relient energy 可靠性能源274.Remote sensing 遥感275.Representative fraction 典型的分形276.Request for proposals 请求提议277.Response variable 响应变量278.Routing problems 路径问题279.Rubber-sheeting 弹性伸缩280.Rule sets 规则集281.Run-length encoding 行程长度编码282.Sample frame 采样桢283.Sampling interval 采样间隔284.Satellite images 卫星影像285.Scale dependence 尺度依赖286.Scatterplot view of database 数据库散点图视图287.Schindler elevator corporation 迅达-电梯及自动扶梯公司288.Secant projections 切割投影289.Selective availability 选择可用性290.Self-similarity 自相似性291.Sierpinski carpet 施尔平斯基地毡292.Soil erosion 土壤侵蚀293.Spa marketing systems 温泉市场系统294.Space imaging 空间成像295.Spatial object representation and transformation 空间对象表现和转换296.Spatially aware professional 空间感知专业人员297.Species range maps 种类范围图298.Species richness maps 种类丰富图299.Spectral resolution 光谱分辨率300.Spurious polygon 乱真多边形301.Standard deviation 标准偏差302.Standard query language 标准查询语言303.State plane coordinates 美国平面坐标304.Statistical inference 统计推论305.Strategic decisions 战略决策306.Street centerline files 街道中心线文件307.Stripped-down metadata 分拆式元数据308.Subjectivist interpretations 主观解译309.SWOT analysis 优势(strength)、弱点(weakness)、机会(opportunities)、危机(threat)四点分析310.Symbolization generalization 符号综合311.Table view of dataset 数据集的表视图312.Tacit knowledge 默许知识313.Tactical decisions 战术决策314.Tangible objectives 切实目标315.Tax assessment 估税316.Temporal autocorrelation 时间自相关317.Temporal resolution 时间分辨率318.Terrain nominal 地形名词319.Theft of information 信息偷窃320.Thick client 胖客户端321.Thin client 瘦客户端322.Three-tier architecture 三层体系结构323.Time geography 时间地理324.Time-space geography 时空地理325.Topographic quadrangle maps 地形地图方格326.Topologic creation 拓扑建立327.Topologic dimension 拓扑维数328.Topologic properties 拓扑属性329.Topologically integrated geographic encoding and referencing files 集成图形地理编码参照文件330.Transactional databases 事务数据库331.Transverse mercator projection 横向墨卡托投影332.333.Tree indexes 树状索引334.335.Triangulated irregular network 不规则三角网336.Types and sources 类型和来源337.Unified modeling language 统一建模语言338.Universal polar stereographic projection 通用横球面投影339.340.Universal soil loss equation 全球土地流失方程341.342.Universal transverse mercator projection 全球横向墨卡托投影343.University consortium for geographic information science 地理信息系统大学委员会344.Unobserved predictor variables 未观测预报变量345.Unprojected projection 非预料投影346.User interaction 用户交互347.Using scanners 使用扫描仪348.349.Value adding 增值350.Vanessa layer 图层351.352.Vector data capture 矢量数据获取353.Vector data model 矢量数据模型354.355.Virtual reality 虚拟现实356.357.Visualization in scientific computing 科学计算可视化358.359.Water facility object data model 水设施对象数据模型360.361.Wavelet compression 小波压缩362.Wide area network 广域网"363.World wide web 万维网364.Worst-case scenario 最差情况365.Zero autocorrelation 零次自相关。
IT专业英语词汇精选(X)X change 变址X eXchange 交换X indeX 索引X transmission 传输.x SDSC图像工具的Avs X图像文件格式〖后缀〗.x Lex的源码文件格式〖后缀〗.x01 Paradox的次级索引文件格式〖后缀〗.x02 Paradox的次级索引文件格式〖后缀〗.x03 Paradox的次级索引文件格式〖后缀〗.x04 Paradox的次级索引文件格式〖后缀〗.x05 Paradox的次级索引文件格式〖后缀〗.x06 Paradox的次级索引文件格式〖后缀〗.x07 Paradox的次级索引文件格式〖后缀〗.x08 Paradox的次级索引文件格式〖后缀〗.x09 Paradox的次级索引文件格式〖后缀〗XA (Cross – Assembler ) 交叉汇编程序XA eXchange Access 交换机接入XA eXtended Architecture 扩展型体系结构〖IBM的〗XA Transmission Adapter 传输转接器XAA eXtended Attribute Area 扩展的属性区XAB eXtended Attribution Block 扩展的属性块XAF eXtended Attribute Field 扩展的属性字段XALC Extended Assembler Language Coding 扩充汇编语言编码XAM eXternal Address Modifier 外部地址修正量XAPIA X. 400 Application Program Interface Association X. 400应用程序接口协会XASM (Cross ASseMbler) 交叉汇编程序XB (Crossbar) 纵横制XBC eXternal Block Controller 外部块控制器XBM eXtended Basic Mode 扩展的基本模式.xbm 黑白位图图形文件格式〖后缀〗XC (Cross Connect) 交叉连接XC Xerox Corp. 施乐公司(美国,出品复印设备、打印机等)XCH eXCHanger 交换机XCI X – Com : Intercepter 《幽浮:拦截者》〖游戏名〗XCMD eXternal CoMmanD 外部命令XCOFF eXtended Common Object File Format 扩展的通用目标文件格式xcopy DOS的外部命令:根据日期选择复制文件,或在复制文件的同时复制目录XCRB eXclusive Control Resource Block 专用控制资源块XCU (Crosspoint Control Unit) 交叉点控制单元XCU eXtreme Close – Up 最大特写XCU transmission Control Unit 传输控制装置XCVR (transCeiVeR) 收发报机XDBG eXchange Data Base Generator 交换数据库生成器XDCR (Transducer) 传感器XDER (Transponder) 转发器XDM X Display Manager 交换显示器管理器XDMCP X Display Manager Control Protocol X显示管理器控制协议XDOS eXtended Disk Operating System 扩充的磁盘操作系统XDR eXternal Data Representation 外部数据表示法指定〖UNIX〗XDRP eXternal Data Representation Protocol 外部数据表示法指定协议XDS eXtended Development System 扩展式开发系统XDS Xerox Data System 静电复印数据系统,施乐公司的数据系统XDSL (Sire of All Digital Subscriber Lines) 全部数字用户线路XDSS eXpert Decision Support System 专家决策支持系统XEC eXECute 执行XEC eXtended Emulator Control 扩展的仿真器控制XEL eXtensible Engineer Language 可扩展的工程师语言Xeon 英特尔的“至强”处理器〖品牌〗Xerox 施乐公司〖厂标〗,见XCXFC eXtended Function Code 扩充的功能码XFCN eXternal FunCtioN 外部功能XFE eXtended Fax Engine 扩展的传真引擎XFMR (Transformer) 变压器.xfn Ventura Publisher的打印机字体文件格式〖后缀〗.xft ChiWriter的24针打印机字体文件格式〖后缀〗XGA Extended Graphics Array 扩延图形阵列模式(1024×768象素分辨率)XI Xircom Inc. 迅捷通信公司(美国,出品PC卡,无线局域网设备等)XIA (Cross - Industry Association) 交叉工业协会XIC Transmission Interface Converter 传输接口转换器XID eXchange IDentification 交换识别.xif 施乐图像文件格式〖后缀〗XIO eXecute Input / Output 执行输入/ 输出XIOS eXtended Input / Output System 扩展的输入/ 输出系统XIP Xwindow Input Method X视窗输入法标准XIR eXtreme InfraRed 远红外Xircom 捷迅公司〖厂标〗,见:XIXIT eXit Information Table 退出信息表XIT eXtra Input Terminal 额外输入终端XIWT (Cross - Industry Working Team)XL eXecution Language 执行语言.xla xlibpas2.zip的Xlib存档文件格式〖后缀〗.xla MS Excel的添加宏工作表文件格式〖后缀〗.xlb MS Excel的添加宏工作表文件格式〖后缀〗.xlc MS Excel的图表文档文件格式〖后缀〗XLFD X Logical Font Description X逻辑字体描述规范.xll MS Excel的动态链接库文件格式〖后缀〗XLM Excel Macro Language 微软的电子表格宏语言.xlm MS Excel的宏工作表文件格式〖后缀〗XLRI eXtended Logical Record Interface 扩展的逻辑记录接口.xls MS Excel的工作表文件格式〖后缀〗XLS eXtreme Long Shot 极远景,大全景镜头.xlt MS Excel的模板文件格式〖后缀〗.xlt Lotus 1-2-3、Symphony和ProComm Plus的转换表件格式〖后缀〗表.xlw MS Excel的工作簿文件格式〖后缀〗XM eXpanded Memory 扩充存储器.xm Fast Tracker的音乐文件格式〖后缀〗.xmi 扩展Midi音乐压缩文件格式〖后缀〗XML eXtensible Markup Language 可扩展标记语言,扩展性标示语言(1996年底提交给万维网,用于电子商务)XMM eXtended Memory Manager 扩展的内存管理器XMP X /open Management Protocol X / open管理协议XMS eXtended Memory Specification 扩展存储器规范XMS eXtended Memory Standard 扩展的存储器标准XMS Xerox Memory Systems 施乐公司存储系统XMT Transmit 发送,传输XN eXecutive Node 执行节点XNB eXtra Name Base 额外命名基准XNF extended Communication Network Facility 扩展式通信网络工具.xnf 标准网络文件表单文件格式〖后缀〗XNOS eXperimental Network Operating System 实验性网络操作系统XNP eXtended Network Protocol 扩展的网络协议XNQL eXperimental Network Query Language 实验性网络查询系统XNS Xerox Network Services 施乐公司的网络业务XNS Xerox Network Standard 施乐公司的网络标准XNS Xerox Network System 施乐公司的网络系统XOFF (Transmitter Off) 发送器关闭XOH Cross – Office Highway 局间高速公路XON (Transmitter On) 发送器打开XOR eXclusive OR “异或”逻辑,布尔运算符XOR eXclusive OR matrix “异或”矩阵XOS Cross – Office Slot 局间时隙XPD Cross Polar Discrimination 交叉极性鉴别XPD Cross Polarization Discrimination 交叉极化强度鉴别XPM Cross – Phase Modulation 交叉相位调制.xpm 彩色图像文件格式,X11的象素映射图形文件格式〖后缀〗XPN eXternal Priority Number 外部优先权编号XPNDR (Transponder) 转发器XPRM Xerox Print Resources Manager 施乐公司的打印资源管理XPS eXtended Parallel Server 扩展的并行服务器XPSW eXternal Processor Status Word 外部处理器状态字XPT Cross PoinT 交叉点XPT eXternal Page Table 外部页面表XPTE eXtended Paged Table Entry 扩展的页面表登录项XPTE eXternal Page Table Entry 外部页面表登录项.xqt SuperCalc的宏工作表文件格式〖后缀〗.xqt Waffle的可执行文件格式〖后缀〗XRF Experimental Reproduction Film 再生胶卷试制品(美国杜邦公司).xrf 交叉引用文件格式〖后缀〗XRL (Unknown Representation Language) 未知陈述语言XRT eXtensions for Real – Time 实时扩展XRTOS eXtended Real Time Operating System 扩充的实时操作系统XS (Transform Services) 转换服务XSAR eXtra Storage Address Register 额外存储体地址寄存器XSID eXchange Station IDentification 交换站识别XSPT eXternal Shared Page Table 外部共享页面表XT Cross Talk 干扰,串音XT eXecute Time 执行时间XT eXtended Technology 扩展式工艺XTA X.25 Trace Analyzer X. 25痕迹分析仪XTAL (crystal) 晶体.xtb LocoScript的外部转换表文件格式〖后缀〗XTC eXternal Transmit Clock 外部传送时钟XTC Xing Technology Corp. “星”技术公司(美国,出品视频播放设备)XTCLK eXternal Transmit CLocK 外部传输时钟Xteam 北京冲浪平台软件公司〖厂标〗XTEN Xerox TElecommunication Network 施乐公司的远程通信网XTI (X / Open Transport Interface) X / 开放式传送接口XTP eXpress Transport Protocol 快递传送协议,快速传输协议XTSI eXtended Task Status Index 扩大的任务状态索引XUDT eXtended Unit Data 扩展式单元数据XUDTS eXtended Unit Data Service 扩展式单元数据服务XUL eXtended Users interface Language 延伸式用户接口语言XUV eXtreme Ultra – Violet 远紫外.xwd SDSC图像工具的窗口转储图像图形文件格式〖后缀〗.xwk Crosstalk的键盘映射文件格式〖后缀〗.xwp Crosstalk的会话文件格式〖后缀〗.xwp 施乐复写器的文本文件格式〖后缀〗.xx 由XXENCODE (uuexe515.exe)生成的美国标准码压缩存档文件格式〖后缀〗.xxe 由XXENCODE (uuexe515.exe)生成的美国标准码压缩存档文件格式〖后缀〗XY (scatter) 微软的XY散点图.xy XY Write的文档文件格式〖后缀〗.xy3 XYWrite III的文档文件格式〖后缀〗.xyw XYWrite III的文档文件格式〖后缀〗U unit 装置;部件;单元U update 更新U user 用户U you 你〖网语〗U.N.S.C. United Nations Statistical Commission 联合国统计委员会U.N.S.O. United Nations Statistical Office 联合国统计局U / L Up – Link 上行链路ua Ukrainian SSR 乌克兰(域名)UA Ultima Ascension 《创世纪9:升天》〖游戏名〗UA Ultrasonic Attenuation 超声波衰减UA Uniform Array 一致阵列UA Unit Address 单元地址UA Universal Agent 全权代理人UA Unnumbered Acknowledgment 未编号确认UA User Agent 用户代理(程序)UA User Area 用户区UAA Universal Access Authority 通用访问权,通用存取授权UAAS Universal Accounting Automatic System 通用自动记账系统UAC Uninterrupted Automatic Control 不间断性自动控制UACN Universal Automated Communication Network 万国自动通信网络UAD Uniform Automatic Processing System 统一的自动处理系统UADS User Attribute Data Set 用户属性数据集UADSL Universal Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 通用非对称数字用户线UAF User Authorization File 用户授权文件,用户认可文件UAG Universal Address Group 通用地址组UAL User Adaptive Language 用户自适应语言UALA Universal Adaptive Logic Arrays 通用自适应逻辑阵列UAM Underwater – to – Air Missile 水下对空导弹UAM User Account Manager 用户账户管理器UAN Unattended Answering Accessory 无人看管的应答辅助设备UAN User Account Number 用户账号UAOS User Alliance for Open Systems 开放系统用户联盟UAP Universal Availability of Publications 出版物国际共享UAP User Application Program 用户应用程序UAP User Area Profile 用户区简介UAQ Usable Area Query 可用区查询UAR User Action Routine 用户活动常规UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter 通用异步收发器〖芯片〗UAS Universal Access System 通用存取系统UAS Unmanned Aerospace Surveillance 无人宇宙空间监视,无人航空航天管制UATE Universal Automatic Test Equipment 通用自动测试设备UAWG UADSL Working Group 通用非对称数字用户线标准工作组UAX Unit Automatic Exchange (电话)自动交换装置,小型自动电话交换机UB Upper Bound 上界,上限UB Upper Byte 高位字节.ub 无符号字节的音频文件格式〖后缀〗UBA UnBlocking Acknowledgement 分块确认UBA UniBus Adapter 单总线适配器UBB Universal Black Box 通用黑箱UBC Universal Bibliographic Control 世界目录控制UBC Universal Block Channel 通用数据块通道UBC Universal Buffer Controller 通用缓冲器控制器UBF UnBind Failure 协议撤销失败,终止会话失败UBHR User Block Handling Routine 用户块操作例程UBI UniBus Interconnect 单总线互连UBI Universal Bi – directional Interactive 通用双向交互UBIC UniBus Initialization Complete 单总线初始化完成ubiquilink 热门链接〖因特网〗UBITS Universal Bus Information Transfer System 通用总线信息传送系统UBN Unisource Business Network 单源商业网络UBNI UB Network Inc. UB 网络公司(美国网络厂商)UBR Unspecified Bit Rate 未定比特率UBR+ Unspecified Bit Rate Plus 未加说明的比特速率+UBS Unidirectional Broadcast System 单向广播系统UBSSYNTO UniBus Slave SYNc Time Out 单总线从设备同步时间结束UBSTO UniBus Select Time Out 单总线选择时间结束UBTA Uniform Binary Toggling Algorithm 统一二进制切换算法UC UnClassified 无类别,不保密UC UniChannel 单通道UC Union Carbide 联合碳化物公司(美国)UC Unisys Corp. 优利系统公司(美国,出品电脑主机)UC Unit Check 设备校验UC Universal Connectivity 通用连通性UC Universal decimal Code 通用十进制编码UC Unrecognizable Code 不可识别的代码,乱码UC Upper Case 大写字母盘UC Upper Character 高位字符UC User Class 用户类别.uc2 由UltraCompressor生成的压缩存档文件格式〖后缀〗UCA Unitized Component Assembly 通用化组件装配UCAT User Catalog 用户目录UCB UniGate Control Block 优利网关控制块(48字节数据块)UCB Unit Control Block 设备(单元)控制块UCB Universal Character Buffer 通用字符缓冲器UCB User Control Block 用户控制块UCBAR Universal Character Buffer Address Register 通用字符缓冲器地址寄存器UCC Uniform Code Council 统一编码理事会UCC Uniform Commercial Code 统一商用代码UCC Universal Category System 通用分类系统UCC Universal Conference Circuit 通用会议线路UCC Universal Conference Control 通用会议控制器UCC Universal Copyright Convention 万国版权公约UCC Utility Control Center 实用程序控制中心UCCS Universal Camera Control System 通用摄像机控制系统UCD Uniform Call Distribution(-or) 统一呼叫分配(器)UCDOS Universal Chinese Disk Operation System 通用中文磁盘操作系统UCDP UnCorrected Data Processor 漏校数据处理器UCE Unit Checkout Equipment 部件校验设备UCE Unit Control Error 部件控制误差UCF Unit Control File 部件控制文件UCG Universal Call Generator 一般调用发生器UCI User Class Identifier 用户类别标识符,用户级标识符UCIC Unequipped Circuit Identification Code 未配备的线路识别码UCIPS University of Canterbury Image –Processing System 坎特伯雷大学图像处理系统UCL Universal Communications Language 通用通信语言UCL Update Control List 更新控制表UCL Upper Control Limit 上控制限度UCLAN User Cluster Language 用户群语言UCM Unit Control Module 部件控制模块UCM Universal Communication Monitor 通用通信监视器UCM User Communication Manager 用户通信管理器UCMI Unit Control Module Identifier 部件控制模块标识符UCMT Unit Control Module Table 部件控制模块表.ucn 由UltraCompressor II生成的新压缩存档文件格式〖后缀〗UCP User Controlled Path 用户控制的路径UCPA Upper Command Packet Address 上级命令数据分组地址UCR UnConditioned Response 无条件响应UCS Universal Call Sequence 通用调用顺序UCS Universal Card Scanner 通用卡片扫描器(IBM研制)UCS Universal Character Set 通用字符集UCS Universal Classification System 通用分类系统UCS User Control Store 用户控制存储UCSB Universal Controller – System Bus 通用控制器系统总线UCSD Unitized Channel Storage Device 单元化通道存储装置UCSD Universal Communication Switching Device 通用通信转换装置UCSR Universal Code Synchronous Receiver 通用码同步接收机UCST Universal Code Synchronous Transmitter 通用码同步发送器UCT Universal Coordinated Time 通用的调整时间UCW Unit Command Word 设备命令字UCW Unit Control Word 设备控制字UCWIN Universal Chinese WINdows 通用中文窗口操作系统UD Unit Driver 部件驱动器UD User Data 用户数据UDAC User Digital Analog Controller 用户数字模拟控制器UDAS Unified Direct Access Standards 统一的直接存取标准UDB Unibus Data Block 单总线数据块UDB Universal Data Base 通用数据库UDBAS Universal Data Base Access System 通用数据库存取系统UDC Universal Decimal Classification 通用十进制分类法UDC Universal Digital Controller 通用数字控制器UDC Up – Down Counter 加减计数器UDC Upper Dead Center 上死点,上静点,死区上限UDC User Designation Code 用户指定代码UDEC Unitized Digital Electronic Calculator 单元化数字式电子计算器UDF Universal Data Format 通用数据格式UDF Universal Disk Format 通用磁盘格式UDF Unshielded twisted pair Development Forum 未屏蔽双绞线开发论坛UDF User – Defined Function 用户定义的功能,用户定义函数(子程序).udf Photostyler的筛选文件格式〖后缀〗UDL Unifield Databased Language 单域数据库语言UDL Uniform Data Language 统一数据语言UDL Up Data Link 上行数据链路UDLC Universal Data Link Control 通用数据链路控制(通用自动计算机的)UDP User Datagram Protocol 用户数据包协议〖因特网〗UDPC Universal Digital Personal Communications 通用数字个人通信UDPRC Universal Digital Portable Radio Communication 便携式通用数字无线通信系统UDR Universal Document Reader 通用文件阅读器UDRC Utility Data Reduction Control 实用程序数据简化控制UDRC Utility Data Retrieval Control 实用程序数据检索控制UDRS Universal Data Reduction System 通用数据简化系统UDS Universal Data Structure 通用数据结构UDS Universal Data System 通用数据系统UDS Universal Distributed System 通用型分布式计算机系统UDS User Default Specification 用户缺省说明UDS Utility Definition Specifications 实用程序定义说明UDT Uniform Data Transfer 统一数据传送UDT UnitDaTa 单元数据UDT Unstructured Data Transfer 非系统化数据传送UDT User Defined Types 用户定义的样式UDTI Universal Digital Transducer Indicator 通用数字传感器指示器UDTS UnitDaTa Service 单元数据服务UDTS Universal Data Transfer Service 通用数据传送服务UDTV Ultra Definition TV 超清晰度电视UE Unit Exception 部件异常UE User Element 用户要素UE User Equipment 用户设备.ue2 由UltraCompressor II生成的加密存档文件格式〖后缀〗UEC Ultra Enterprise Cluster 超级企业群UEH User Exit Handler 用户退出处理程序UEI User Exit Interface 用户退出接口UEM User Exit Manager 用户退出管理器UERS Unusual Event Recording System 异常事件记录系统UET Universal Emulating Terminal 通用仿真终端UET User Electric Tag 用户电子标记UF Urban Factor 都市因素UF User Function 用户函数UFAM Universal File Access Method 通用文件存取方法UFC Universal Feature Card 通用特征卡UFC Universal Frequency Counter 通用频率计数器UFD User File Directory 用户文件目录UFDL Universal Forms Description Language 通用窗体描述语言UFE User Function Editor 用户函数编辑器UFET Unipolar Field – Effect Transistor 单极性场效应晶体管UFI USA Flex Inc. 美国电线公司(出品电脑主机)UFI User Friendly Interface 用户友好界面UFN until further notice 直至进一步通知〖网语〗UFO Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物,飞碟UFO Utility for File Operation 文件操作实用系统UFP Utility Facility Program 实用工具程序UFR Unspecified Frame Rate 未标明的帧速率UFS Universal Feature Slot 通用特性插槽UFS Universal Financial System 通用财务系统ug Uganda 乌干达(域名)UGR Universal Graphic Recorder 通用图形记录器UHCS Ultra – High Capacity Storage 超大容量存储体UHF UltraHigh Frequency 超高频UHFO UltraHigh Frequency Oscillator 超高频振荡器UHFR UltraHigh Frequency Receiver 超高频接收机UHM Universal Host Machine 通用主机UHR Ultra – High Resolution 超高分辨率UHRF Ultra High Resolution Facsimile 超高分辨率传真.uhs 二进制文件的通用暗示系统文件格式〖后缀〗UHSIC UltraHigh Speed Integrated Circuit 超高速集成电路UHV Ultra – High V oltage 超高压UI Unix International Unix 国际UI Unnumbered Information 未编号信息UI User Interface 用户接口,用户界面.ui Geoworks UI Compiler的Espire源码文件格式〖后缀〗.ui Sprint的用户接口文件格式〖后缀〗UIBPIP United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property 国际联合保护知识产权局(瑞士,日内瓦)UIC User Identification Code 用户识别码UID User IDentifier 用户标识符UID number User IDentification number 用户识别号码UIE Universal Information Exchange 通用信息交换.uif WordPerfect for Win的windows长提示符文件格式〖后缀〗UIFN Universal International Freephone Numbers 通用国际免费电话号码.uih Geoworks UI Compiler的Espire页眉文件格式〖后缀〗UIM Ultra Intelligence Machine 超智能机UIM User Interactive Module 用户人机对话模块UIMS User Interface Management System 用户界面管理系统UIN Universal Internet Number 通用互联网号码(网络寻呼机专用)UIO Universal Input / Output 通用输入/ 输出UIOC Universal Input / Output Controller 通用输入/ 输出控制器UIP Universal Interface Processor 通用接口处理器UIS Unit Identification System 部件识别系统UIS Urban Information System 都市信息系统UIS User Interface System 用户接口系统UJCL Universal Job Control Language 通用作业控制语言UJP Ultra Java Processor 超级“爪哇”处理器UJT Unijunction Transistor 单结晶体管uk United Kingdom 英国(域名)UKAEA United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority 英国原子能局UKB Universal KeyBoard 通用键盘UKITO United Kingdom Information Technology Organization 英国信息技术组织Uknet 美国肯塔基州立大学校园网〖因特网〗UKPO United Kingdom Post Office 英国邮政总局UL Underwriters Laboratories 保险协会实验室(美国,制定机电产品的安全规范)UL UnLoad 卸载UL UpLink 上行链路UL Upper Limit 上限UL User Language 用户语言(美国研制).ul Ulaw音频文件格式〖后缀〗ULA Uncommitted Logic Array 自由逻辑阵列ULA Upper Layer Architecture 上层体系结构ULC Universal Logic Circuit 通用逻辑电路ULD Unit Logic Device 单元逻辑装置ULD Universal Language Definition 通用语言定义ULD Universal Language Description 通用语言描述ULD Up – Line Dumping 上一行清除.uld ProComm Plus的上传文件信息文件格式〖后缀〗ULF Ultra – Low Frequency 超低频ULG United Loan Gunmen “联合借贷枪手”(黑客名,1999.9.5侵入美国C –SPAN 有线电视网的网站)ULG Universal Logic Gate 通用逻辑门ULM Ultrasonic Light Modulator 超声波光线调节器ULM Universal Line Multiplexer 通用线路多路复用器ULMS Undersea Long – range Missile System 水下远程导弹系统ULP Upper – Layer Protocol 上层协议ULP Upper Level Protocol 高级别协议ULP User Location Protocol 用户区位协议ULS Ultra Limit Condition 极限状态ULS User Location Service 用户区位服务ULSI Ultra – Large – Scale Integration 超大规模集成(电路)ULSIC Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuit 超大规模集成电路.ult UltraTracker的音乐文件格式〖后缀〗UltraSCSI Ultra Small Computer System Interface 超小型计算机系统接口um United States Out Islands 美国海外领地(域名)UM UnMatch 不匹配UM User Mode 用户模式UMA Unified Memory Architecture 统一内存体系结构,合一内存结构UMA Uniform Memory Access 统一内存访问UMA Universal Modeling Architecture 通用建模体系结构UMA Universal Multiple Access 通用多路存取,通用多重接入UMA Upper Memory Area 上端内存区(640K-1024K)UMADS Univac Automated Documentation System 通用自动计算机的自动文件编制系统UMB Universal Mail Box 通用邮箱UMB Upper Memory Block 上位内存块,上端内存块(UMA的).umb MemMaker的备份文件格式〖后缀〗UMC Unibus Micro Channel 单总线微通道UMC Universal Multiline Controller 通用多线路控制器UMC 台湾联华电子公司〖厂标〗UMCPS Ultra – Micro – Computer Processor System 超微型计算机处理器系统UMCS Unattended Multipoint Communication Station 无人看管的多点通信站UMCS Universal Mobile Communication Service 通用移动通信服务UMCT Universal Move Communication Terminal 通用移动通信终端UMF Ultra Microfiche 超缩微胶片UMID Update Modification IDentifier 更新修改标识符UMIN University Medical Information Network 大学医学信息网络UMIS Urban Management Information System 城市管理信息系统UML Unified Modeling Language 统一建模语言,通用建模语言UMLC Universal MultiLine Controller 通用多线路控制器UMMPS University of Michigan Multi – Programming System (美国)密西根大学多道程序设计系统UMRECC University of Manchester REgional Computer Center 曼彻斯特大学地区计算机中心UMS Universal Maintenance Standard 通用维修标准UMS Universal Memory System 通用内存系统(英特尔公司研制)UMS Universal Multiprogramming System 通用多路编程系统UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service 通用移动电信业务UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System 通用移动电信系统(欧洲的第三代无线多媒体标准)UMTSF Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service Forum 通用移动电信业务论坛UN Unnumbered Acknowledgement 无编号确认UN Usenet News “友思网”新闻UN User's Network (Usenet) 用户网络(“友思网”)UN / EDIFACT United Nations / Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport 联合国用于行政管理、商务和交通运输的电子数据交换UN ECE GDI United Nations Economic Community Europe General Data Interchange 联合国与欧共体的常规数据交换UNA Universal Network Access 通用网络存取UNALC User / Network Access Link Control 用户/ 网络存取链路控制UNC Universal Naming Convention 通用命名惯例,统一命名约定UNC Universal Navigation Computer 通用导航计算机UNCAST United Nations Conference of the Applications of Science and Technology 联合国科学技术应用会议UNCID United Nations Communication Interactive trade Data 联合国交互式通信贸易数据UNCL Unified Numerical Control Language 统一数控语言UNCM User Network Control Machine 用户网络控制机UNCOL UNiversal Computer – Oriented Language 面向通用计算机的语言UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸发会议undelete DOS的外部命令:恢复删除文件Undernet “下网”(1992年创建的另一个因特网在线聊天服务系统)UNDIS UN Documentation Information System 联合国文献资料系统UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织unformat DOS的外部命令:恢复误格式化磁盘UNGA United Nation General Assembly 联合国大会UNI UNIversal 通用,万能,普遍UNI User – to – Network Interface 用户-网络接口〖ATM〗.uni MIKMOD的Unimod音乐模块文件格式〖后缀〗.uni Forecast Pro的数据文件格式〖后缀〗UNIC UN Information Center 联合国信息中心UNICOL UNIversal Computer – Oriented Language 面向通用计算机的语言UNICOM UNIversal COMpiler 通用编译程序UNICOM Universal Integrated COMmunication system 通用综合通信系统UNIDO United Nation Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业发展组织UNIFET UNIpolar Field – Effect Transistor 单极场效应晶体管U-NII Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure 未经批准的全国性信息基础设施UNINET 联通公用计算机互联网(中国)UNIPOL Universal Problem Oriented Language 面向通用问题的语言UNIPOL Universal Procedure Oriented Language 面向通用规程的语言UNIQUE Uniform Inquiry Update Element 统一查询和更新码元UNIS United Nations Information Service 联合国信息服务处Uniscan 清华紫光扫描仪〖品牌〗UNISIST United Nations Intergovernmental System of Information in Science and Technology 联合国科学技术信息交流系统UNISIST Universal System for Information in Science and Technology 国际科技情报系统UNISYS 优利系统公司(美国,见:UPCD)UNIT Universal Numerical Interchange Terminal 通用数字交换终端UNIVAC UNIVersal Automatic Computer 通用自动计算机(世界第一台商用计算机,兰德公司1951年制造,安装在美国人口普查局)UNIX (Uniplexed Information and Computer Systems) 程序设计语言统一扩充的信息和计算机系统(1969年贝尔实验室开发的多任务操作系统)UNL Universal Networking Language 通用网络语言UNMA Unified Network Management Architecture 统一网络管理体系结构〖AT&T〗UNMA Unified Network Management Architecture 统一的网络管理体系结构UNO Universal Network Object 通用网络对象UNOV AC (Universal Automatic Computer) 通用自动计算机UNPA United Nations Postal Administration 联合国邮政管理处UNPI Universal Network Programming Interface 通用网络编程接口UNPS UNiversal Power Supply 通用电源unreal 《虚幻》〖游戏名〗UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development 联合国社会发展研究学会UNSCC United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee 联合国标准协调委员会UNTDID United Nations Trade Data Interactive Document 联合国贸易数据交互式文献.unx 含有UNIX特殊信息的文本文件格式〖后缀〗UO Ultima Online 《网络创世纪》〖游戏名〗UOC Universal Output Computer 通用输出计算机UODDL User Oriented Data Display Language 面向用户的数据显示语言UOL User – Oriented Language 面向用户的语言UOS Unmanned Orbital Satellite 闲置不用的轨道卫星UP Unis Pen 紫光笔UP Unnumbered Poll 未编号轮询UP User Part 用户部分UPA User Part Available 用户部分可用UPA Ultra Port Architecture 超级端口体系结构UPACS Universal Performance Assessment and Control System 通用性能的评估控制系统UPC Uniform Product Code 产品统一编码UPC Universal Peripheral Controller 通用外围设备控制器UPC Universal Plumbing Code 通用管道设备编码UPC Universal Product Code 通用产品代码(由12位数字组成)UPC Usage Parameter Control 使用情况参数控制UPC / NPC User / Network Parameter Control 用户/ 网络参数控制UPCD Unisys PC Division 优利系统公司个人电脑分公司(美国,出品个人电脑)UPCH User Packet CHannel 用户分组信道UPD Uniform Probability Design 统一概率设计.upd 程序更新信息文件格式〖后缀〗.upd dBase的更新数据文件格式〖后缀〗UPDT UPDaTe 更新UPI Universal Peripheral Interface 通用外围设备接口UPI Universal Personal Identifier 通用个人标识符UPI User Programming Language 用户编程语言UPL Universal Programming Language 通用编程语言UPL User Programming Language 用户编程语言U-plane User plane 用户面UPN Universal Product Number 通用产品编号UPO Undistorted Power Output 不失真功率输出.upo dBase的编译更新数据文件格式〖后缀〗UPOS Universal Portable Operation System 通用可移植操作系统UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply 不间断电源UPS United Parcel Service 统一包裹服务UPS Universal Processing System 通用处理系统UPS User Process Subsystem 用户进程子系统UPSRs Unidirectional Path – Switched Rings 单项路径切换环UPT Universal Personal Telecommunication 全世界个人远程通信UPT User Part Test 用户部分测试UPT User Process Table 用户过程表UPT User Profile Table 用户简介表UPTE Ultra – Precision Test Equipment 超精度测试设备UPTN Universal Personal Telecommunication Number 通用个人远程通信编码UPU Universal Postal Union 国际邮政联盟UQCB User Queue Control Block 用户队列控制块UQT User Queue Table 用户队列表UR Unit Record 单元记录UR your 你的〖网语〗URA Uniform Resource Agent 统一资源代理URA User Requirements Analysis 用户需求分析URC Uniform Resource Citation 统一资源的引用符〖因特网〗URC Unit Record Controller 单元记录控制器URC User Request Correlation 用户请求的关联性URC Utility Radio Communication 实用无线电通信URD Unit of Recovery Descriptor 恢复描述符的部件URD User Requirements Definition 用户请求定义URDB User Requirements Data Base 用户需求数据库URET User Request Evaluation Tool 用户评估鉴定工具URI Universal Resource Identifier 通用资源标识符,统一资源识别器〖因特网〗URISA Urban and Regional Information System Association 城市与地域性信息系统协会URL Uniform Resource Locators 统一资源定位器,通用资源定位符标准,标准资源定位器(台湾用语)〖因特网〗URL Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位器URL User Requirements Language 用户需求语言URL User Route List 用户路由表URN Uniform Resource Name 统一资源名称〖因特网〗URO Utilization Ratio of the Object 对象利用率URP User Request Packet 用户请求信息包URS Uniform Reporting System 统一报告系统URSF Universal Remote Support Facility 通用远程支持设施URSI (Union Radio – Scientifique Internationale) 国际无线电科学协会US Undistorted Signal 未失真信号US Unit Separator 单元分隔符us United States 美国(域名)US Universal Server 通用服务器USA Universal Synchronous Asynchronous 通用同步异步USACS United States Army Computer System 美国陆军计算机系统USAEC United States Atomic Energy Commission 美国原子能委员会USAERDA United States Army Electronic Research and Development Agency 美国陆军电子研究发展局USAF United States Air Force 美国空军USAR User Security Authorization Record 用户的安全性认可记录USART Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter 通用同步异步收发器USAS United States of America Standard 美国国家标准USASCII United States of America Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息交换标准代码USASCSOCR USA Standard Character Set for Optical Character – Recognition 美国光学字符识别标准字符集USASI United States of America Standards Institute 美国标准学会(1966年建立,取代美国标准协会)USB Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线(英特尔等七家世界领先计算机和通讯产业厂商共同制定的规范)USB Upper SideBand 上边带USB 硬件技术标志:有串行总线接口USBD USB Device 通用串行总线设备(包括集线器和设备单元)〖USB的五个部分之一〗USBD USB Driver 串行总线驱动程序〖USB的五个部分之一〗USBS United States Bureau of Standards 美国标准局USC Uniprocessor System Controller 单处理机系统控制器USC User Specific Channel 用户特定信道USCMI United States Commission on Mathematical Instruction 美国数学指导委员会USD United States Drone 美国遥控无人驾驶飞机USDS User Attribute Data Set 用户属性数据集USE Ubi Soft Entertainment “无比”软件娱乐公司(美国,出品MMX软件包)USE User Software Engineering 用户软件工程USEC User – Based Security Model 基于用户的安全模型USEMA United States Electronic Mail Association 美国电子邮政协会USER User System EvaluatoR 用户系统鉴别器USERID USER IDentification 用户标识符USERS (Active Users Protocol) 当前用户报告协议〖因特网〗USFS United States Frequency Standard 美国标准频率USG Unified Software Gauge 统一软件标准USG United States Gauge 美国标准规,美国标准度量USG UNIX System Group UNIX 系统组U-SHR Unidirectional Self – Healing Ring 单向自愈环USI Universal Software Interface 通用软件接口USI User / System Interface 用户系统接口USIA United States Information Agency 美国新闻署USIB United States Intelligence Board 美国情报局USIC United States Information Center 美国信息中心USICA US International Communications Agency 美国国际通信局USISL United States Information Service Library 美国新闻处图书馆USITA United States Independent Telephone Association 美国独立电话公司协会。
CVAT(Computer Vision Annotation Tool)是一种用于计算机视觉任务标注的开源工具。
在CVAT中,标签格式对于进行分类任务非常重要,合适的标签格式可以提高标注效率和标注质量。
本文将围绕CVAT分类任务的标签格式展开讨论,并提供一些最佳实践建议。
一、标签格式的重要性在进行CVAT分类任务时,标签格式是非常重要的。
一个良好的标签格式可以帮助标注人员快速、准确地标注图像,并且可以方便后续的数据处理和模型训练。
我们应该重视标签格式的设计和规范。
二、标签格式的设计原则1.简洁明了:标签格式应该尽量简洁明了,避免使用过于复杂的结构和命名。
2.规范统一:标签格式应该规范统一,所有标注人员都应该按照同一标准进行标注。
3.易于理解:标签格式应该易于理解,不同的人员都应该能够理解并遵循标签格式。
三、标签格式的最佳实践1.使用简洁的命名:在进行分类任务时,标签的命名应该尽量简洁明了,直接反映图像中所包含的物体类别。
2.使用简单的数据格式:在CVAT中,标签格式可以使用XML、JSON等格式,选择一种简单易用的格式进行标注。
3.遵循一定的结构:标签格式应该遵循一定的结构,例如使用一定的层级结构对标签进行组织,便于后续的数据处理。
四、总结好的标签格式对于CVAT分类任务非常重要,它可以提高标注效率和标注质量。
在进行CVAT分类任务时,我们应该重视标签格式的设计和规范,遵循一定的最佳实践,提高标注的准确性和一致性。
CVAT (Computer Vision Annotation Tool) is an open-source tool for annotatingputer vision tasks. One of the most important aspects of CVAT is the label format for classification tasks. Choosing the right label format can significantly improve annotation efficiency and quality. This article will discuss the importance of label format in CVAT classification tasks and provide some best practices rmendations.Importance of Label FormatIn the context of CVAT classification tasks, the label format is crucial. A well-designed label format helps annotation personnel to annotate images quickly and accurately. It also facilitates data processing and model training. Therefore, it's important to prioritize the design and standardization of label format.Design Principles for Label Format1. Clear and Concise: The label format should be as clear and concise as possible, avoiding overlyplex structures and naming conventions.2. Standardization: The label format should be standardized, ensuring that all annotation personnel adhere to the same standards.3. Understandable: The label format should be easily understandable, allowing different individuals toprehend and follow the format.Best Practices for Label Format1. Use Clear Naming Conventions: When conducting classification tasks, the labels should have clear and straightforward names that directly reflect the categories of objects in the images.2. Utilize Simple Data Formats: In CVAT, label formats can be in XML, JSON, or similar formats. It's advisable to choose a simple and user-friendly format for annotations.3. Follow a Structured Approach: The label format shouldadhere to a certain structure, such as using a hierarchical organization of labels, which makes it easier for subsequent data processing.ConclusionA well-designed label format is crucial for CVAT classification tasks, as it can improve annotation efficiency and quality. Therefore, it's important to prioritize the design and standardization of label format, as well as follow best practices to enhance the accuracy and consistency of annotations.Expanding on the above content, let's discuss the specific considerations for different types of classification tasks, such as object detection, image segmentation, and attribute recognition within the context of CVAT. Each of these tasks requires a distinct approach to label format and annotation, considering factors such as object boundaries, pixel-level segmentation, and attribute definitions.For object detection tasks, the label format should include bounding boxes or polygons to precisely define the spatial location of objects within an image. It's crucial to standardizethe representation of these bounding boxes to ensure consistency across annotations. Additionally, utilizing a clear and concise naming convention for object classes helps in easily identifying and categorizing objects within images.In the case of image segmentation tasks, where the goal is to precisely outline the boundaries of objects at the pixel level, the label format bes moreplex. It should capture the intricate details of object shapes, edges, and contours, while also maintaining a standardized and understandable structure. Utilizing formats such as polygon-based masks or pixel-level annotations can accurately represent object boundaries in annotated images.Attribute recognition tasks involve annotating specific attributes or characteristics of objects within images. This could include identifying color, size, texture, or other relevant features. The label format for attribute recognition tasks should be designed to amodate multiple attribute annotations for each object, as well as maintain a standardized representation of attribute names and values.In conclusion, considering the specific requirements of different classification tasks is essential for designing an effective labelformat within the context of CVAT. By tailoring the label format to suit the unique demands of object detection, image segmentation, and attribute recognition, annotation efficiency and quality can be significantly improved. Moreover, adherence to standardized naming conventions and hierarchical structures ensures consistency and understanding across annotations, ultimately enhancing the overall success of theputer vision tasks.。
Signal and Image Processing Signal and image processing is a branch of engineering that deals with the manipulation of signals and images to extract useful information. It is a critical area of study in modern technology, with applications in fields such as telecommunications, medical imaging, and computer vision. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of signal and image processing, its applications, and the challenges faced in this field. Signal processing involves the manipulation of signals to extract useful information. A signal is a representation of a physical phenomenon, such as sound, light, or temperature. Signal processing techniques are used to improve the quality of signals, remove noise, and extract useful information. In telecommunications, signal processing is used to encode and decode signals, compress data, and improve the quality of voice and video transmissions. In medical imaging, signal processing is used to enhance images, remove noise, and extract features that can be used to diagnose diseases. Image processing is a subset of signal processing that deals with the manipulation of images. Images are two-dimensional representations of objects, scenes, or phenomena. Image processing techniques are used to improve the quality of images, remove noise, and extract useful information. In computer vision, image processing is used to recognize objects, track motion, and extract features that can be used for object recognition and scene analysis. In medical imaging, image processing is used to enhance images, segment organs, and detect abnormalities. The applications of signal and image processing are numerous and varied. In telecommunications, signal processing is used to improve the quality of voice and video transmissions. In medical imaging, signal and image processing are used to diagnose diseases, monitor treatment, and improve patient outcomes. In computer vision, image processing is used to recognize objects, track motion, and analyze scenes. In the automotive industry, signal processing is used to improve the performance of engines, reduce emissions, and enhance safety features. In the aerospace industry, signal processing is used to improve the performance of aircraft, spacecraft, and satellites. Despite the many benefits of signal and image processing, there are also challenges that must be overcome. One of the biggest challenges is dealing with noise. Noise is unwanted interference that can degrade the quality of signalsand images. Signal processing techniques must be used to remove noise and extract useful information. Another challenge is dealing with large amounts of data. Signal and image processing often involve processing large amounts of data, which can be time-consuming and computationally expensive. Techniques such as parallel processing and distributed computing can be used to speed up processing. Another challenge is dealing with complex signals and images. Some signals and images are highly complex, making it difficult to extract useful information. Signal and image processing techniques must be used to simplify the data and extract the most important features. Finally, there is the challenge of dealing with real-world conditions. Signals and images are often affected by environmental factors such as lighting, temperature, and humidity. Signal and image processing techniques must be used to compensate for these factors and extract useful information. In conclusion, signal and image processing is a critical area of study in modern technology, with applications in fields such as telecommunications, medical imaging, and computer vision. Signal processing involves the manipulation of signals to extract useful information, while image processing involves the manipulation of images. The applications of signal and image processing are numerous and varied, but there are also challenges that must be overcome, such as dealing with noise, large amounts of data, complex signals and images, and real-world conditions. Despite these challenges, signal and image processing is an important area of study that will continue to have a significant impact on modern technology.。
ITS MONITOR数据字典规范
本文档依托于原有系统的设计,通过检索国际、国内相关标准,对我们现有系统进行数据字典规范的整理。
本数据字典的整理不仅仅依托于现有系统的设计,更多地对整体ITS监控相关业务进行统筹性约定,使设计人员对ITS整体系统有所了解,同时对设计规范进行约定。
ITS字典本身是一个泛集,本文档的整理仅包含公司涵盖业务中监控系统业务,考虑到监控系统业务近几年的发展,通过对字典的约束与规范,达到我们内部企业标准的目标。
约定:使用■(灰色)标识目前系统尚没有使用的字典,并且未必有使用计划使用■(黑色)标识目前系统使用的字典
使用■(红色)标识目前系统标准准备使用的字典
使用■(绿色)标识目前系统确定使用的字典
参考标准:
说明:
1、ZMD字幕机相关表设计如果考虑单独系统的话,则不考虑数据库相关设计。
2、字典定义需注明数据来源,并对该字典进行相关描述操作。
3、数据字典的应用涵盖数据库设计、系统设计
1术语、属性、定义
数据字典的来源首先来源于国内规范字典定义,之后是国际标准,如果
标准内仍然无法获取的话,则根据企业工程经验进行定义,而不仅仅是通过英文字典的简单翻译。
公用概括
可参考字典定义
本部分参考了国内ITS标准以及国际标准
软件框架设计部分
2缩略语2.1缩略语
名词定义。