专题三：主谓一致
谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致，称为主谓一致。主谓一致遵循着三个基本原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
一、语法一致
语法一致是指主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。其构成有以下10点。
1. 用and连接两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词一般用复数；但如果在意义上指同一个人，同一件
事或同一个概念时，谓语动词用单数。
Tom and Jim are students. 汤姆和吉姆是学生。
Rice and wheat are grown in China. 中国种植水稻和小麦。
Both his father and his mother are advanced teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进教师。
The professor and writer is from Nanjing University. 那位教授兼作家来自南京大学。
To love and to be loved is the great happiness. 爱与被爱是一种很大的幸福。
Bread and butter is their daily food. 奶油面包是他们的日常食物。
注：常见的由and连接表示同一个概念的词有：（当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数。）War and peace 战争与和平iron and steel 钢铁bread and butter 奶油面包
milk and water 掺水的牛奶fish and chips 炸鱼土豆条meat and potatoes 肉炒土豆
fruit and cream 加奶油的水果truth and honesty 真诚 a needle and thread 针线
a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a cup and saucer 一套杯盘 a horse and cart 一辆马车
a watch and chain 一只系表带的手表 a teacher and writer 一位教师兼作家
2. 由every…and every…, each…and each…, no…and no…, many a…and many a…等构成复合主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and (every) girl has the right to get the education.
每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。
Each man and (each) woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
No sound and no voice is heard for a long while. 很长时间没有听到一点声音。
Many a boy and many a girl likes surfing the Internet. 许多男孩和女孩都喜欢网上冲浪。
3. 当主语后面有with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, no less than, like, rather than, but,
except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语来确定。
The boy with his classmates is playing on the playground.
那个男孩和他的同学们正在操场上玩耍。
I as well as he am reading. 我和他在看书。
The teacher, including his students, is going to the zoo.
那位老师，包括他的学生们，要去动物园。
4. “many a +单数名词”或“more than one+单数名词”作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，谓语动词仍
用单数形式。但“many+名词复数，more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词用复数形式。
即：many a +名词单数+动词单数many+名词复数+动词复数
more than one+名词单数+动词单数more+名词复数+than one+动词复数Many a boy likes pop music. 许多男孩喜欢流行音乐。
Many boys like pop music. 许多男孩喜欢流行音乐。
More than one student has seen the film. 不止一个学生看过这部电影。
More students than one have seen the film. 不止一个学生看过这部电影。
5. “a great deal of, a little, quite a little, a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形
式。
A great deal of time was wasted playing. 很多时间在玩耍中浪费了。
A large amount of medicine is needed in the stricken area. 灾区需要大量的药物。
6. 有些名词如glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, goods, ashes, scissors, shorts, pants等只有复数
形式，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但若前面有a kind of, a sort of, a type of, a series of, a pair of, this kind of等修饰时，谓语动词则由单位词来确定。
His glasses are on the desk. 他的眼镜在课桌上。
A pair of glasses is on the desk. 一副眼镜在课桌上。
Three pairs of glasses are on the desk. 三副眼镜在课桌上。
7. 关系代词who, that, which在定语从句作主语时，其谓语动词应与先行词在数上保持一致。
Those who want to go sign your names here. 想去的人在这儿签名。
The book which was bought yesterday is lost. 昨天买的那本书不见了。
I, who am your best friend, will help you. 作为你最好的朋友，我将帮助你。
8. “分数或百分数+of+名词/短语”以及“a lot of, plenty of, half of, a pile of, most of, the rest of, the
majority of+名词/短语”作主语时，谓语动词要与of之后的名词在数上保持一致。
30﹪of the students are from the countryside. 百分之三十的学生来自农村。
30﹪of the water is polluted here. 这儿百分之三十的水被污染了。
Half of the bananas are rotten. 一半的香蕉腐烂了。
Half of the banana is rotten. 一半的香蕉腐烂了。
注：population“人口，人口数[u/c]”，当其作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但当其与分数、百分数连用时，谓语动词用复数形式。
—What is the population of China? 中国的人口是多少？
—It is over 1.2 billion. 有12亿多。
The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 中国的人口比日本的人口多。
80% of the population are farmers in China. 在中国80%的人口是农民。
Four-fifths of the population here are from the Northeast. 这儿五分之四的人口来自东北。
9. “a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of+名词”和“名词+of this kind”等以及由与kind意义相似的type,
sort等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。
A new kind of game is popular with young people. 一种新的游戏受到年轻人的欢迎。
This kind of question(s) is very difficult. 这种问题是很难的。
Questions of this kind are very difficult. 这种问题是很难的。
Many kinds of pears are on sale in that shop. 各种各样的梨在那家商店出售。
10. 某些不定代词either, each, one, no one, the other以及由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语
时，谓语动词用单数。
Each of the children has an apple. 每个孩子都有一个苹果。
Someone is waiting for you at the gate. 有人在门口等你。
Everything around us is matter. 我们周围的一切都是物质。
二、意义一致
意义一致是指主语形式上是单数，但表达的是复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式；或主语为
