(完整版)高一英语“主谓一致”用法归纳
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高一英语“主谓一致”用法归纳
一、基本概念
所谓一致关系(Agreement)就是在英语句子中各个成分之间必须在人称、数、性等方面要保持一定的语法关系。在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语与谓语动词之间的一致。在判断一个句子主语、谓语是否一致时,要遵循下列三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一般来说,主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词需要采用的单复数形式。比较:The student studies very hard.这个学生学习非常努力。The students study very hard.这些学生学习非常努力。
主谓一致的原则说起来简单,但在实际使用中遇到的情况要复杂很多。在处理主谓一致的问题时,可依据上面提到的三个原则。“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词亦用单数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。有时,主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采用复数形式。“就近原则”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和其最近的主语保持一致。
二、基本用法
1.集合名词与谓语动词的一致
集合名词作主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调其成员,则用复数形式。常用的集合名词有:
army,audience,class,club,committee,company,couple,crowd,family,flock,group,government,j-ury, majority,minority,organization,party,personnel,publ-ic,staff,team,union等。
The football team are discussing the problem with the coach now.
足球队员们现在正在与教练讨论这个问题。
The police have caught the criminal.警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。
The majority were/was for the proposal.大多数人赞同这个提议。
Only a minority of students receive the scholarship.只有少数学生获得了奖学金。
【注意】
(1)有些有生命的集合名词作主语时,谓语动词只用复数。这样的名词常用的有:cattle,people,police,folk等。
The cattle are grazing in the fields.牛在田里吃草。
(2)无生命的集合名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。这样的名词常用的有:clothing,furniture,machinery,jewellery等。
Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.气候寒冷的地方需要暖和的衣服。
All the furniture has been moved to another room.
所有家具已经搬到了另一个房间里。
2.由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but(also)...连接的两个名词或代词作主语时,主谓一致遵循就近原则,即谓语动词应与最近的一个主语的人称和数保持一致。
Either he or I am wrong.不是他错就是我错。
Not only the students but(also) the teacher is active in sports and games.不但学生,就连老师都积极参加体育运动。
Does neither the teacher nor the students know this matter?
教师和学生都不知道这件事吗?
【经典回放】
Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A.are
B.is
C.have
D.be
解析:句意:你或者你的一位学生要参加定于明天召开的会议。本题主语由either...or...连接,谓语动词要根据or之后的部分来确定单复数形式,该句中or后是one of your students,所以谓语动词用单数形式。答案:B
3.(1)由and或both...and...连接两个名词或代词作主语时,指的是复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式。
English and Chinese are quite different languages.英语和汉语是完全不同的语言。
Both rice and cotton grow in abundance in this part of China.中国这一地区盛产大米和棉花。【注意】
当and连接的主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数。常见的有:whisky and soda,bread and butter,fish and chips,ham and eggs,pancakes and syrup,toast and wine,salt and water,law and order,war and peace,trial and error,a knife and fork,a cup and saucer,a cart and horse等。
Bread and butter is what they usually have for breakfast.
黄油面包是他们通常吃的早点。
Trial and error is the source of our knowledge.
反复实验(不断摸索)是我们知识的来源。
My neighbor and colleague is watering the flowers.
我的邻居也是我的同事在浇花。
【经典回放】
Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where _______ yet.(浙江高考)
A.hasn't been decided
B.haven't decided
C.isn't being decided
D.aren't decided
解析:该题中when and where表达一个整体含义,故谓语动词应使用单数形式;而decide 与when and where之间构成动宾关系,故须使用被动语态,yet常与完成时态连用。答案:A
(2)由each...and(each)...,every...and(every)...,no...and no...连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Each teacher and (each) student was given a book.
每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。
Every hour and (every) minute is important.每一小时和每一分钟都很重要。
No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it.
没有一位雇主和雇员知道如何处理这件事。
【经典回放】
—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area _______ invited.(陕西高考)
A.were
B.have been
C.has been
D.was
解析:主语是every boy and girl,表示单数概念,故谓语动词用单数,且询问昨晚的情况,有明确的过去时间,所以应选择was。答案:D
4.表示数目、时间、金额的名词复数作主语时,往往根据意义一致原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Two hours is enough for us to finish the experiment.