高一英语“主谓一致”用法归纳
一、基本概念
所谓一致关系(Agreement)就是在英语句子中各个成分之间必须在人称、数、性等方面要保持一定的语法关系。
在英语中最主要的一致关系是主语与谓语动词之间的一致。
在判断一个句子主语、谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一般来说，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词需要采用的单复数形式。
比较：The student studies very hard.这个学生学习非常努力。
The students study very hard.这些学生学习非常努力。
主谓一致的原则说起来简单，但在实际使用中遇到的情况要复杂很多。
在处理主谓一致的问题时，可依据上面提到的三个原则。
“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词亦用单数形式。
“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。
有时，主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。
“就近原则”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和其最近的主语保持一致。
二、基本用法
1.集合名词与谓语动词的一致
集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调其成员，则用复数形式。
常用的集合名词有：
army,audience,class,club,committee,company,couple,crowd,family,flock,group,government,j-ury, majority,minority,organization,party,personnel,publ-ic,staff,team,union等。
The football team are discussing the problem with the coach now.
足球队员们现在正在与教练讨论这个问题。
The police have caught the criminal.警察已经逮捕了那个罪犯。
The majority were/was for the proposal.大多数人赞同这个提议。
Only a minority of students receive the scholarship.只有少数学生获得了奖学金。
【注意】
（1）有些有生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词只用复数。
这样的名词常用的有：cattle,people,police,folk等。
The cattle are grazing in the fields.牛在田里吃草。
（2）无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
这样的名词常用的有:clothing,furniture,machinery,jewellery等。
Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.气候寒冷的地方需要暖和的衣服。
All the furniture has been moved to another room.
所有家具已经搬到了另一个房间里。
2.由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)...连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，主谓一致遵循就近原则，即谓语动词应与最近的一个主语的人称和数保持一致。
Either he or I am wrong.不是他错就是我错。
Not only the students but(also) the teacher is active in sports and games.不但学生，就连老师都积极参加体育运动。
Does neither the teacher nor the students know this matter?
教师和学生都不知道这件事吗？
【经典回放】
Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A.are
B.is
C.have
D.be
解析：句意：你或者你的一位学生要参加定于明天召开的会议。
本题主语由either...or...连接，谓语动词要根据or之后的部分来确定单复数形式，该句中or后是one of your students，所以谓语动词用单数形式。
答案：B
3.（1）由and或both...and...连接两个名词或代词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
English and Chinese are quite different languages.英语和汉语是完全不同的语言。
Both rice and cotton grow in abundance in this part of China.中国这一地区盛产大米和棉花。
【注意】
当and连接的主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
常见的有：whisky and soda,bread and butter,fish and chips,ham and eggs,pancakes and syrup,toast and wine,salt and water,law and order,war and peace,trial and error,a knife and fork,a cup and saucer,a cart and horse等。
Bread and butter is what they usually have for breakfast.
黄油面包是他们通常吃的早点。
Trial and error is the source of our knowledge.
反复实验（不断摸索）是我们知识的来源。
My neighbor and colleague is watering the flowers.
我的邻居也是我的同事在浇花。
【经典回放】
Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where _______ yet.（浙江高考）
A.hasn't been decided
B.haven't decided
C.isn't being decided
D.aren't decided
解析：该题中when and where表达一个整体含义，故谓语动词应使用单数形式；而decide 与when and where之间构成动宾关系，故须使用被动语态，yet常与完成时态连用。
答案：A
（2）由each...and(each)...，every...and(every)...，no...and no...连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each teacher and (each) student was given a book.
每一位教师和学生都得到了一本书。
Every hour and (every) minute is important.每一小时和每一分钟都很重要。
No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it.
没有一位雇主和雇员知道如何处理这件事。
【经典回放】
—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area _______ invited.（陕西高考）
A.were
B.have been
C.has been
D.was
解析：主语是every boy and girl,表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was。
答案：D
4.表示数目、时间、金额的名词复数作主语时，往往根据意义一致原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Two hours is enough for us to finish the experiment.
对我们来说，完成这项实验两个小时就够了。
Ten dollars is enough for this pair of shoes.
这双鞋10美元就够了。
5.none作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。
None knows (know) a great deal about this experiment.
没有一个人对这项实验知道得很多。
None has (have) been found.一个也没有找到。
6.each，either，neither或由some-，any-，no-，every-构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Neither of them is interested in English.他们两人都对英语不感兴趣。
Either of the stories is interesting.这两个故事中的任何一个都有趣。
Somebody is waiting for you at the gate of the school.有人在学校大门口等你。
【注意】
each作同位语时，谓语动词的单复数根据主语而定，不受其影响。
The students each have a textbook.每个学生都有一本课本。
7.当主语后面跟有with,together with,along with,accompanied by,like,in addition to,as well as,as much as,more than,rather than,no less than,except等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。
Mr.Robinson,accompanied by his wife and children,is arriving tonight.罗宾逊先生在妻子和孩子的陪伴下将在今晚到达。
Living expenses in this country,as well as in many others,are all the time high.这个国家的生活费用与其他国家一样，一直很高。
【经典回放】
Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,____visit Beijing this summer.(2009·陕西高考) A.is going to B.are going to
C.was going to
D.were going to
解析：当主语后出现together with/as well as等短语时，谓语动词的数与短语前的主语保持一致，故可排除B、D两项；根据时间状语this summer可知应用一般将来时态。
答案：A 8.当“all/most/half/plenty/enough/some/the rest...+of+n./pron.”作主语时，谓语动词单复数形式较为复杂，需依具体情况而定。
一般说来，如果of后面的成分为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面的成分为单数形式，谓语动词为单数。
Some of the students are for the plan.有些学生赞同这个计划。
The rest of the lecture is dull.讲座的其余部分是枯燥的。
The rest of the bicycles are on sale today.剩余的自行车今天出售。
Half of the building was damaged in the explosion.建筑物的一半在爆炸中遭到损坏。
Half of the studnets are boys.一半学生是男孩。
【注意】但是，当上面的这些词单独作主语时，主谓一致要遵循意义一致原则，即：如果所指为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；如果所指为单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。
All was silent.万籁俱寂。
All were silent.大家都沉默着。
Thirty students in our class are Americans and the rest are Canadians.我们班有30个学生是美国人，剩下的是加拿大人。
【经典回放】
Most of what has been said about the Smiths____also true of the Johnsons.（安徽高考）
A.are
B.is
C.being
D.to be
解析：名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
be also true of意为“对……也适应”。
答案：B
9.当“form/kind/part /piece/portion/section/sort/type+of+n.”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式采用语法一致的原则，即取决于这些词本身的单复数，与of后面的名词没有关系。
10.当“a lot/mass/heap of+n.”“lots/masses/heaps of+n.”短语作主语时，如果of后的名词为复数形式，谓语动词就用复数形式；如果of后的名词为单数形式，则谓语动词就用单数形式。
11.当“many a/more than one+n.(sing.)”作主语时，尽管其意义是复数概念，但其谓语动词仍采用单数形式。
12.在“分数/百分数+of+n.”结构中，如果of后的名词为复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果of后的名词为单数或不可数，谓语动词则用单数形式。
【经典回放】
The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third____used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.（浙江高考）
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
解析：本题考查主谓一致及动词的时态。
当分数、百分数作主语时，要根据其后名词的单复数来决定其谓语动词的单复数。
此处one-third指代的是one-third of the notebook computers,因此谓语动词用复数，且句子的时态用了过去时，所以D项正确。
答案：D
13.“one+of(out of)+n.(pl.)”作主语时，采用语法一致的原则，即谓语动词用单数。
One of the students in your class is from Tibet.你班里有一位学生来自西藏。
One out of twenty was badly damaged.每20个中有一个严重受损。
【经典回放】
At present,one of the arguments in favor of the new airport____that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.（2009·江西高考）
A.is
B.are
C.will be
D.was
解析：根据one of the arguments可知主语是one，所以谓语动词用单数形式。
再由at present 以及句意可知，应用一般现在时。
答案：A
【注意】在“one+of+复数名词或代词+定语从句”结构中，由于关系代词who/that/which最靠近复数名词而不是one，故定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。
只有在one之前出现the only,the very等修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词才用单数形式。
He is one of the few persons I know who have read the book.他是我所知道的读过这本书的几个人之一。
Sarah is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band.萨拉是那些最年轻女孩中唯一在乐队演奏的人。
14.当“a number of+n.(pl.)”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
但是，“the number of+n.(pl.)”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of new houses have been built there.在那儿已建起许多新房子。
A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.许多学生到农场帮助农民摘苹果去了。
The number of the people who know the secret is very limited.知道这个秘密的人数很有限。
The number of the pages in this book is five hundred.这本书的页码是500页。
【经典回放】
The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities____rising steadily since 1997.
（2009·山东高考）
A.is
B.are
C.has been
D.have been
解析：“the number of+n.”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；由since 1997可知句子的时态应用完成时。
答案：C
15.当“an amount of/a quantity of+n.[U]”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
但是，当“quantities/amounts of+n.[U]”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
A large amount of money is spent on the project.这项工程耗费了大量资金。
Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year.这个城市每年要消费大量的啤酒。
【经典回放】
—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water____.（2009·福建高考）
A.have polluted
B.is being polluted
C.has been polluted
D.have been polluted
解析：“large quantities of+n.”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由quantity的单复数形式来决定，quantities为复数形式，其谓语动词用复数形式，故排除B、C两项。
由句意可知此处表示“水被污染”，故用被动语态。
答案：D
16.单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及它们的限定词来确定其谓语形式。
常见的这类词有：crossroads,deer,fish,headquarters,means,series,sheep,species,works“工厂”等。
The crossroads is (are) dangerous.这个（些）十字路口很危险。
A sheep is dying.有一头绵羊要死了。
Many sheep are eating grass on the hillside.有许多绵羊在山坡上吃草。
Every means has been tried.各种方法都试过了。
The means of communication between here and outside world are interrupted.这里与外界的通讯方式都中断了。
17.以-s结尾的书刊名、组织名、国家名等作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Roots was a novel about a slave family.《根》是一本有关奴隶家庭的小说。
The United Nations is a world organization.联合国是一个世界性组织。
【经典回放】
The teacher together with the students____discussing Reading Skills that____newly published in America.（2009·四川高考）
A.are;were
B.is;were
C.are;was
D.is;was
解析：“名词/代词+together with+名词/代词”作主语时，句中谓语动词的数要根据together with...前面的名词或代词确定；先行词Reading Skills应是一本书的名字，其定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
答案：D
18.表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语，谓语动词往往用复数。
The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean.菲律宾群岛位于太平洋上。
The falls upstream are full of salmon.上游瀑布中有许多鲑鱼。
19.以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。
常见的这类词有：
economics经济学electronics 电子学
physics物理学linguistics语言学
politics政治学mathematics数学
statistics统计学
Politics is his favorite subject.政治学是他最喜欢的学科。
20.表示单一概念的动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Growing vegetables needs watering.种菜需要浇水。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
That we have made great progress is an exciting fact.我们已取得很大进展，这是一个令人兴奋的事实。
21.There be句型中，be动词的单复数与最近的名词一致。
There is a table and four chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子和四把椅子。
【语法知能全练】
1.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area_____.
A.need repairing
B.needs to repair
C.needs repairing
D.need to repair
2.More than a dozen students in that school____
abroad to study medicine last year.
A.was sent
B.were sent
C.have been sent
D.has been sent
3.The famous farmer and scientist____our evening party tonight.
A.is going to
B.are going to
C.is coming in
D.are to come
4.The rest of his life____spent in poverty.When he died,only half of his relatives and friends____able to attend his funeral(葬礼).
A.was;were
B.was;was
C.were;were
D.were;was
5.No one in the class but Tom and I____the truth.
A.know
B.knows
C.have known
D.are to know
（摘自《中学教材全解》）
《“主谓一致”用法归纳》参考答案：
1-5 ABAAB。
